View
10
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Optiques Prototype pour les ELT
Sagem - REOSC
R&D INSU – Grenoble – 12/05/2011
Roland GEYL
111
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
Outline
The E-ELT Project
The Primary Mirror Segments challenges
ESO Contract for 7 prototypes
The GTC reference
Segment Manufacturing Steps
Other studies performed
Focus on AO thin shells
Conclusion
222
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
REOSC - A Prestigious Scientific FoundationThe REOSC company has been set up in 1937 by a grou p of scientists from Paris Institute of Optics including :
Charles FABRY : the Fabry - Perot interferometer
Henry CHRETIEN : the Ritchey-Chretien Telescope the HYPERGONAR for the CINEMASCOPECatadiopter, Machine gun collimator, Slit periscope for tanks,
…
Henri Chretien1879 - 1956
REOSC = Recherche et Etude en Optique et Sciences Connexes
During more than 40 years REOSC designs and manufac ture instruments for demanding applications like astronomy, science and defense.
1978 REOSC joins SFIM Group
1998 All SFIM joins SAGEM 2005 SAGEM and SNECMA merge and form the SAFRAN Gr oup
333
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
Relations SAFRAN / Sagem / REOSC avec la Recherche
SAFRAN entretien une longue relation avec de nombre ux laboratoires de recherche. Convention CNRS renouvelée en 2009. � 150 thésards
� Plusieurs dizaines de labo concernés
Sagem est dans une dynamique similaire avec 16 thés ards
REOSC � Finance aujourd’hui 2 thèses
� Relations avec de nombreux laboratoires
� Echanges bi-directionnels
� Astro / Spatial / Energie / Semi-conducteurs
444
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
The E-ELT ProjectThe E-ELT is the planned successor of the VLT A giant 42-m primary mirror made of 984 segmentsAO and Image stabilization integrated in a novel 5 mirror designSmall mirrors of 6,5-m, 5-m, 2.5 and 2.4-m Dome : 100-m diameter, 5500 tonsAlt-Az Mount 3350 tonsTwo Nasmyth & 1 Coudé foci
Detailed Design Phase conductedSite selected : Chili – Armazones (close to VLT Paran al)Go ahead for construction in 2011 ?
555
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
E-ELT: A giant telescope with a novel 5 mirror desi gn
Focal Surface M1 segmented
M2
M3
M4
M5
M1 : 984 actively controlled segments
M2 : 6.5-m active meniscus
M3 : 4-m active meniscus
M4 : 2.5-m plano adaptive mirror based on a 2-mm glass thin shell
M5 : 2.4-m plano stiff Tip-Tilt mirror
666
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
The E-ELT Segmented Primary Mirror Challenge984 segments for 42-m total diameter
Each segment has 1.5-m large size
F/1 fast aperture
Hyperbolic aspheric shape
Segments with no axial symetry
Precise radius or curvatureR = 84 000 +/- 200 mmMatch between segment < 0.01 mm
Ultra smooth surface residualsHigh Frequ. < 15 nm RMS
No edge effect : up to the last mm !
Schedule : 1 segment / day
A performance breakthrough combined to an industrial c hallenge.
E-ELT
GTC
���� 2 X better than GTC !
E-ELT Primary mirror segments have a total area larger than the combined area
of all telescopes built so far !���� 10 X faster than GTC !
777
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
From Science Case to Optics Specification
There are many exciting science cases for the ELT’s : � Exoplanets, Black holes, Stars and galaxies formati on,
� Cosmology closer to Big Bang, etc.
Exoplanets direct imaging is the most exciting.
Requires 10 -9 contrast within less than 0.1 arcsec from star. � Use of Xtreme Adaptive optics (XAO) with 200x200 actu ators� Smooth optical surfaces with low mid frequency residuals
� Lowest possible segment interstice and optics edge rol l-off.
XAO, S~90% Diffraction + staticaberration correction
Speckle Calibration,
Differential Methods
Contrast ~ 10 -3-10-4 Contrast ~ 10 -6 Contrast ~ 10 -9E-ELT PSF with XAO & coronograph
888
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
ELT M1 Segments WFE Requirements
999
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
Contract for Seven Proto E-ELT Segments
Contract for polishing 7 E-ELT Proto segments: � Demonstrate the performance for 7 most difficult segme nts
� Evaluate several glass materials (Zerodur, ULE, ClearC eram)
� Progress on testing issues
� Contract upgraded fro : �Validate integration on support (3 segments)
�Add edge sensors I/F bonding task
High speed GTC technology
� Evaluation of alternatives like Stress Mirror Polish ing Technology (SMP)
In paralell Sagem-REOSC conducted intense work to demo nstrate its:� Capability to improve production rate by 5 to 10 wrt G TC
� Capability to reduce production costs by similar factor
� Our baseline :
101010
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
GTC Optics delivered in 2005
World most accurate segmented telescope36 1.8-m segments10.5-m total aperture1 segment / 2 weeks
� 7 segments on the optical metrology bench
� Reconstructed fringes over the 10.5-m total
aperture
12 nm average figure errorUltra low edge effect
2X JWST aperture area ! � M2 in Be - 7 nm RMS
� 36 segments - 6 types
111111
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
GTC Primary Mirror Segments - Main Fabrication Steps
Aspheric generationAspheric profile millingRapid & accurateLow subsurface damages
Robotic polishing Surface polishing Set of special toolsFigure errors reduction
Ion Beam FiguringSurface final figuringNanometer accuracyNo edge effect
250 µm 10 µm 1 µm < 0.1 µm
121212
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
GTC Primary Mirror Segments - Main Metrology Steps
3D CMMGlobal profile Radius of curvature
SpherometerAspheric ProfileDuring lapping
CGH benchIndividual
test
Matching benchGlobal Test Radius match
Metrology shall be 1 order of magnitudebetter than spec
250 µm 10 µm 1 µm < 0.1 µm
6+1 GTC segments on the test table
131313
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
VLT M1 # 4 : The best oneWFE = 17.6 nm RMS
Diam 8-m Produced in 1998
GTC M1 : Batches 2 to 7WFE = 24.4 nm RMS
Diam 11-m produced in 2005
Despite being segmented, GTC M1 shows extremely smo oth surface structure and very accurate figure control.
The achievement : Segmented is as good as monolithic !
141414
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
Step 1: Aspherical Generation
Start from a spherical lapped surface and generate up to 200µm non axis-symetrical aspherical profile:� Accurately
� With a fine ground texture
� With low level of SSD
� Rapidly, thank to process boost
Mesure rapidly and accurately� 3D CMM
� Profilometry
151515
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
The proto segments are measured at the center of curvature using dedicated CGH per segment.� Use of VLT high tower
� Double folding the beam (R = 84m)
Step 2: Prepolishing
Step 2 goals : � Bring the surface to be shiny � Reduce the micro-roughness level� Maintain or improve figure errors� Conduct first optical tests
High process automation and speed boosting
First optical test : 1050 nm RMS
161616
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
Step 3: Fine Polishing and Smoothing
Step 3 goals:�Bring the polished surface within the final
micro-roughness level.� Improve the figure errors down to ≈≈≈≈ 200nm
RMS (before any active correction applied).�Goal of two runs only thanks to process
automation and boost. � In the same time, obtain the final high
spatial frequency residuals level.
HF residuals : 10 nm RMS
171717
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
Step 4 : Hexagonal cutting
Hex contour is an issue for the optician.
Most of the work is done « circular ».
First Proto segment cut in March 2010.
Most of the segments have moderate figure change due to cutting : � Moderate amount of nm RMS with a central
bump (linked to the IF central hole)
� Smooth – No HF content – No edge effect
� Easy to remove by IBF.
� Some segments : quite no figure change.
� One segment : high warp of a few µm PTV
Before IBF : 85 nm RMS
March 2010 : First ELT segment hex cut
181818
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
Step 5 : Ion Beam Figuring
In 2001, Sagem invested in a large Ion BeamFiguring machine for the GTC segment finishing phase.
Accurate / Deterministic / No edge effect
Segment final edge effect residuals is limitedto 30-80 nm PTV.
Loading ELT segment in IBF chamber
IBF run 1 : 25 nm RMS
Goal is to limit to 2-3 IBF runs in serial production.
191919
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
Step 6 : Integration on its support
Three segments have been integrated on their active support provided by ESO. �2 supports made by TNO
�1 support by CESA
Objectives of this integration work:�Verify that integration does not distort the
optical surface by more than 100 nm RMS.
�Contribute to support system debug
�Correct the optical surface by IBF after integration. (no dismounting during IBF)
�Verify the efficiency of the active correction.
Photo TNO
202020
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
First E-ELT Segment Integrated & Delivered to ESO
10.2 nm WFE RMS residualsafter active correction
First ELT segment integrated on its support, fully tested
212121
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
Other contribution to ELT Optics Development (1)
M2 Mirror (6-m diameter)� Design study of the 6-m Active Mirror� Similar to VLT M1 but upside down
Refined study with MT Mechatronic� Reversed Support System � Safety study� Optical manufacturing� Optical testing� Integration� Transportation
M3 Mirror (4-m diameter)� Very similar to M2.
Study of the 39-m M1 option consequenceson a new M2 design of only 4-m.
M3-4-5 AO Relay
222222
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
Other contribution to ELT Optics Development (2)M4 : A 2.5-m Adaptive Mirror� Correct atmospheric turbulences
� A 2-mm precision thin glass sheet restingon 5000 actuators moving at 100Hz.
Demonstration of the capability to manufacture the large glass thin shell� 2 mm thickness only� Handling � Transportation
Sub-cell AO demonstration2-mm 2.5-m
thin shelldemonstrated
M5 : 3 x 2.5-m Tip-Tilt Mirror � Evaluation of SiC, lightweight glass or hybrid struc tures
232323
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
Latest news of the VLT M2 AO Thin Shell
Heritage in large glass thin shells The VLT M2 AO thin shell�1.1-m / 2-mm
�50 µm asphericity
�2 µm th uniformity
Development of �Refined manufacturing and testing
process for the asphere meniscus
�Automated th measurement
1985 : ESO VLT proto1-m / 10 mm
1988 : ESA AO demo80-cm / 5 mm
1995 : NASA NMSD160-cm / 3 mm 2011 : ESO ELT M4 shell demo
250-cm / 2 mm �Today : th = 1,961 mm / 23 µm irreg
242424
EUSPEN 2010_Optics for NIRSpec – Gaia and the E-ELT © Propriété de Sagem Défense Sécurité – Reproduction et Divulgation interdites / Disclosure and copy prohibited.
Sa
gem
est
le
no
m c
om
me
rcia
l de
la s
oci
été
Sag
em
Dé
fen
se S
écu
rité
/ 24
038
489
-D
Conclusion Sagem-REOSC a produit avec succès et intégré sur le urs supports plusieurs segments prototypes de l’E-ELT.
Trois matières ont été évaluées
Une gamme de fabrication a été définie pour un nive au de qualitéfinale inégalé à ce jour en astronomie
Les bases d’une productions industrielle sont établ ies: � Faster - Better - Cheaper� Off axis aspheric, non circular contour, low edge effe ct, smooth residuals,
1 segment per day, integration on support
Des études et démonstrations sont menées pour les M 2, M4, M5
La VLT M2 AO thin shell est en phase finale d’égalisa tion d’épaisseur
Sagem-REOSC sera fière d’apporter sa technologie et sa force industrielle au service de la prochaine génération de télescope.
Merci à l’ESO pour sa confiance
Merci de votre attention !
Recommended