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I

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I

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I

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(~_Io~rcfJ_~ u- _gJ~ crf bullbull laquoJ sda-f~~1---- --- - --_ - -------

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__________ i

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I

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I

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(~_Io~rcfJ_~ u- _gJ~ crf bullbull laquoJ sda-f~~1---- --- - --_ - -------

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dl1t- 11( ofmiddotmiddot

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____rplusmn_-k0n~_~_~ 5f----7- ekd~middot_ _ _ _ -_ --- ----=- --___ __

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11 L tYL__ -15 _amp- (e-V-) J ----~ shy __1 ( 0 1-1 - 13b _ _ 2 _---- ---I shy

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bull ~ ~~_ 1_middotmiddot v ___~-_ i~__idLfJr --= _Itgt--l 2_ - ~j_ ---==--R-=j~1~Ct~~~0~y- -=

I

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(~_Io~rcfJ_~ u- _gJ~ crf bullbull laquoJ sda-f~~1---- --- - --_ - -------

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~ LI egt-F [- II middot 1 ~ hI CrloVk) J

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(~_Io~rcfJ_~ u- _gJ~ crf bullbull laquoJ sda-f~~1---- --- - --_ - -------

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(~_Io~rcfJ_~ u- _gJ~ crf bullbull laquoJ sda-f~~1---- --- - --_ - -------

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(~_Io~rcfJ_~ u- _gJ~ crf bullbull laquoJ sda-f~~1---- --- - --_ - -------

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of I 5 ~C-~ ~ f C4-~ ~I

e ~Llt~--

poundOb l-- - - shy

nb - 3 Itgt [_(f-E)l ~ 1----shy--l - ~ egtlp -fl-r j

ss eo T CAL~ rlb [n

~1

-

j

I

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0 -

T

Jd1 1+ Iu~ r rJuJ-CJ 111 yc1 ~ T fU-Ultgt +0 ~ 4S1JO k j )-) rJ [W) _ ~ L J T~ (dl

(l Cf) nH)

[-1~ p~ 15 ~Klt~jl an kfLlthlaquo htM ~e1lp=-rJ

~tYlel7fgt- OU~[1J) =Ofl~-rr )

ampvb 000000~G ~ m ~ 0 ( ~V ~

MM~ tV f shyA~ -

_ -I

v p l

II L t1f 5-f-rtvnyfPl

C~~~=~)) i

( ) 5 0 Tlaquo vte ltllt2vl J J-IWM( W du c ~ 0Y1 _

h~J wiJcA~ 1o-eVfjgtarl I I k CIlUVu- 6 f Q ( ~ IY1Y-l LQ~ r VI vtpoundad_ I

-- J (S qJfJtJ~

c ) I3uh- ~ cLJ 1Sa(~ I~ s+R~ k~ 4J1~ ck~ Ie j TL qrnl-r

~I

0 10(11

I l-2 t-~ 1 hi

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bull flt~~ ~~~ LJ~b1~

B~~~ ~~ ~ iVlT~~ ~ t~ ~~ oft AlIUlltl nri

~ til -- (l1- r to

n 0 h

11 ~

L~ raquo gt ~I ~ ~ X ( f I Vlt ft po

Pvv~c-fc 1J ~ ~ f-VlciM kda -+0 a (ht(L-1 fYllt- W

x I I

VI et-t)I YlC H) i s s ftL- d

th D ~ ~ ~ -shy

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---

501Rshy

A-bu ~ u- iJ ~~( CltJ f6 (-4

(I) n[I+ t1ltcf- ~ I-- sol i n(HO)

Flwirs~ r c 112a-l~

(14 ~ (J n(H~ __ 1 _ U -shy

n 1)(11) nrHI_

I 0jn - ()1 _ 1 e p - rr - o gt l)l 10-9

--shy~- shy-hof

) tl1-I~if =lt-3_ il

c ~14014~ c

= ~ I -eIi l IL caJ _-er o~)I (0laquo ~ -shy

(clrl - 2-f2( t=C(t_ ~rrme~T)Jh eo p(-JcaJ r1 c~r) 1 e h l --Rl- --ILl]

Ji -Ib ill fdx V1 (Ca rr) 7--gtc(WXlU-b r~XIO) 2middot) r--rrx rJ~1V gtdlx(j J~1(16 -iiI nCCJ1) ~ middot)ll (b ~U(0- ~j lshyI) [1

- -

-----shy -shy _shy -- _shy

cJ lclP

nl-Cw) _ n (cxJ

n rI cor - bull (1 c ( rlcJl ) Vl c

5~ I1H~111f I ) ()CQil In I) 11 VlCJrI1 -

+d-- ~ rr-rtH)C) ~ Yhflil

crr - ( I ) bull ( I) CIlcolnM) (cN-) 6- -

l- lt b (XIO-q=2lfo-S~ Cc) gt2 ltIQ-b Ci~)cJ 7-(fD-amp

i lt4 ~~f W tv ~ I f1Lj ~ niX ~ ~ ligt unrhA-(JIo~ ~ 104 WI4t-1d (lt-if -tfClt+ it ~ foe ud- -o V~ 2- ~~ 10 117 4 ~u

I b_C)l f)-O 8_deg04 C1ltj I 2 If

-E--~

t 6 l Vl b1lJa5 amprn~ amp~ 9)10 -lur 1) a IL ~rv I-k t-Il-~

iCu ~ I deg10 t2 lt-At suo ~D~ ~ 5~~

au i~ en ~~ ~~ J~ ~ ~IWS

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(0 M5 I I

35

Classical Cepheds

4045

05

50

3

6

4

5

o

-1

-2

o - J

2(J o

log T

FrGURE i4 Schematic Hertzsprung-Russel diagram The lincsoonstantslopercpre

stars hlhg dlJllic[I rcdi i (see Section + 13)

I) ~~eaQ t+Rshy-I+R rr1)

L ~ T e

) rA~fm-eO~ vi 1 - (VIv ~ 6c

Be 15 -0~ I-- e-n IL(J- 1 T e-C 13- v)

Q9 ~~ftE0s~

(VI v fl c lll ~pound LL 0-- ~ I

+ -(7 -clIg +- ()V Imiddot 2-)

1-8middot9 -(- 8 T 7- )l- 1)071

_ I (Mo~-fi()w) LIL 19 0 110 =-11--70

~ -f- RO~J ~t=l(~TG ~ R~ 6-ltJ~ +AJ

VI 5 1P ~ ~ 5 kepl(jshy~ Tel

(Jj) TjN C4 ~ OYL U~ lI1 5 s ~ (vlv1s) tVU ~~ eraquo

Y$ S~

t)Ui~ T3 ~ flA~ IS tt kgtocd to X C-2 ~ i6vk ~ ~ ~ 1115 ~~J

a lo owl IA G~ ~ C7 - - 0 I VI ~eee kv1 R

M~ t~M ~~ ~ ~jvfc

-I gt- i 0( jY13 -

~

~~(Jro) f~r~~l

~ -

~(f1()lgD 1 -I -I I

bull

OI-f~M S --

- wL-I- Ie ~~~~ cIr- RCt-lt -10 PWS 5~ - I-Ivlt-ltr do ~~ kt-5 ~ Iv ~~ fhSLJ~7

wtdL ]) ltj~ ~~ Te hdshy~ (l75o~ ~ s~

~ M- n dvt-L(A m I 01-lt 5 ~ ~ eau-ee Te I S I~ 0)

~ ~te~ J2 loW f2 2c to-2-f20

----------

- bull nT( _~r- ~ ) ri ) (2f(iJN~----i2- middot-middot-I--I--e- - C~ftrn~ middotmiddote~(mJlplusmn fI -e---Jz -1r--n-l-- ---~-~gt -- f =--ir e ---shy

__- __ -_ - _ ---_ - - __ ~

TT II __

-- CI regshy~ =a~c nt~9~1~IT _____+- __ ___ _m __ _ bullbull __ bullbull _ bullbull

i - -- - - rt- -- ------ -- - - - ---- --- --- ---- - - - - - -- -----_

~ N 0+ f fllS ~ca J~-L We Y)amp_1f _ -t_eKfll$S ~H _

cshy ~e~~-f-J~t~~QL1d gt ____ 1 1- ~~_~ t_e~p_t01i~]j

in) a ------- ---t --t------------ --- --- - ------- ------ ------ ------ ------------ -- --- -- -shy

ToM_h~~l~~f-qfDC-YL=21 nJshyj - I

- - - - d - - - - --- -_---shy

- _ (~ --- _75-- f )11 m bull n -(L -~--6 -ef-L ~ ~

i -----~I--lmiddotL -- - -------------shy

i - -----h_--~--~-iTf-=r~l~ i- n~ci~ -+_____ _ __ 1 _ _ ___ ~

ltl11 ~Jb (113) --shy

CltOshy

----------- --- - ------ - ------

-r-( ---- r~- ()e

---------- __ z -- --- -- -2f (JrI1eItT~~-r-C--------- -- u-- _--=-=~~~-u -_~- _ --ftgt- J~-_~__RTjshy~

- -------------shy II __ __

-- -_ ------ --- -shy

- G-~ Y1_) T ~-f Q _l+ _12_s+M1fJ~ _

~

~ k~~ r- ~pound +v-o ~ w t l ~ (lltgt u laquo-dLVO -+alaquo-12

of I 5 ~C-~ ~ f C4-~ ~I

e ~Llt~--

poundOb l-- - - shy

nb - 3 Itgt [_(f-E)l ~ 1----shy--l - ~ egtlp -fl-r j

ss eo T CAL~ rlb [n

~1

-

j

I

---~

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---nGHo)

0 -

T

Jd1 1+ Iu~ r rJuJ-CJ 111 yc1 ~ T fU-Ultgt +0 ~ 4S1JO k j )-) rJ [W) _ ~ L J T~ (dl

(l Cf) nH)

[-1~ p~ 15 ~Klt~jl an kfLlthlaquo htM ~e1lp=-rJ

~tYlel7fgt- OU~[1J) =Ofl~-rr )

ampvb 000000~G ~ m ~ 0 ( ~V ~

MM~ tV f shyA~ -

_ -I

v p l

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C~~~=~)) i

( ) 5 0 Tlaquo vte ltllt2vl J J-IWM( W du c ~ 0Y1 _

h~J wiJcA~ 1o-eVfjgtarl I I k CIlUVu- 6 f Q ( ~ IY1Y-l LQ~ r VI vtpoundad_ I

-- J (S qJfJtJ~

c ) I3uh- ~ cLJ 1Sa(~ I~ s+R~ k~ 4J1~ ck~ Ie j TL qrnl-r

~I

0 10(11

I l-2 t-~ 1 hi

~ ) ltt4- I z~ t1lt-_ ~ampUaltu

bull flt~~ ~~~ LJ~b1~

B~~~ ~~ ~ iVlT~~ ~ t~ ~~ oft AlIUlltl nri

~ til -- (l1- r to

n 0 h

11 ~

L~ raquo gt ~I ~ ~ X ( f I Vlt ft po

Pvv~c-fc 1J ~ ~ f-VlciM kda -+0 a (ht(L-1 fYllt- W

x I I

VI et-t)I YlC H) i s s ftL- d

th D ~ ~ ~ -shy

~ ~ -te~ )C 0

---

501Rshy

A-bu ~ u- iJ ~~( CltJ f6 (-4

(I) n[I+ t1ltcf- ~ I-- sol i n(HO)

Flwirs~ r c 112a-l~

(14 ~ (J n(H~ __ 1 _ U -shy

n 1)(11) nrHI_

I 0jn - ()1 _ 1 e p - rr - o gt l)l 10-9

--shy~- shy-hof

) tl1-I~if =lt-3_ il

c ~14014~ c

= ~ I -eIi l IL caJ _-er o~)I (0laquo ~ -shy

(clrl - 2-f2( t=C(t_ ~rrme~T)Jh eo p(-JcaJ r1 c~r) 1 e h l --Rl- --ILl]

Ji -Ib ill fdx V1 (Ca rr) 7--gtc(WXlU-b r~XIO) 2middot) r--rrx rJ~1V gtdlx(j J~1(16 -iiI nCCJ1) ~ middot)ll (b ~U(0- ~j lshyI) [1

- -

-----shy -shy _shy -- _shy

cJ lclP

nl-Cw) _ n (cxJ

n rI cor - bull (1 c ( rlcJl ) Vl c

5~ I1H~111f I ) ()CQil In I) 11 VlCJrI1 -

+d-- ~ rr-rtH)C) ~ Yhflil

crr - ( I ) bull ( I) CIlcolnM) (cN-) 6- -

l- lt b (XIO-q=2lfo-S~ Cc) gt2 ltIQ-b Ci~)cJ 7-(fD-amp

i lt4 ~~f W tv ~ I f1Lj ~ niX ~ ~ ligt unrhA-(JIo~ ~ 104 WI4t-1d (lt-if -tfClt+ it ~ foe ud- -o V~ 2- ~~ 10 117 4 ~u

I b_C)l f)-O 8_deg04 C1ltj I 2 If

-E--~

t 6 l Vl b1lJa5 amprn~ amp~ 9)10 -lur 1) a IL ~rv I-k t-Il-~

iCu ~ I deg10 t2 lt-At suo ~D~ ~ 5~~

au i~ en ~~ ~~ J~ ~ ~IWS

~J ~--fs (2d J~ ~ fJ1J2

~ ~ ceJ (J~ on laquos

(0 M5 I I

35

Classical Cepheds

4045

05

50

3

6

4

5

o

-1

-2

o - J

2(J o

log T

FrGURE i4 Schematic Hertzsprung-Russel diagram The lincsoonstantslopercpre

stars hlhg dlJllic[I rcdi i (see Section + 13)

I) ~~eaQ t+Rshy-I+R rr1)

L ~ T e

) rA~fm-eO~ vi 1 - (VIv ~ 6c

Be 15 -0~ I-- e-n IL(J- 1 T e-C 13- v)

Q9 ~~ftE0s~

(VI v fl c lll ~pound LL 0-- ~ I

+ -(7 -clIg +- ()V Imiddot 2-)

1-8middot9 -(- 8 T 7- )l- 1)071

_ I (Mo~-fi()w) LIL 19 0 110 =-11--70

~ -f- RO~J ~t=l(~TG ~ R~ 6-ltJ~ +AJ

VI 5 1P ~ ~ 5 kepl(jshy~ Tel

(Jj) TjN C4 ~ OYL U~ lI1 5 s ~ (vlv1s) tVU ~~ eraquo

Y$ S~

t)Ui~ T3 ~ flA~ IS tt kgtocd to X C-2 ~ i6vk ~ ~ ~ 1115 ~~J

a lo owl IA G~ ~ C7 - - 0 I VI ~eee kv1 R

M~ t~M ~~ ~ ~jvfc

-I gt- i 0( jY13 -

~

~~(Jro) f~r~~l

~ -

~(f1()lgD 1 -I -I I

bull

OI-f~M S --

- wL-I- Ie ~~~~ cIr- RCt-lt -10 PWS 5~ - I-Ivlt-ltr do ~~ kt-5 ~ Iv ~~ fhSLJ~7

wtdL ]) ltj~ ~~ Te hdshy~ (l75o~ ~ s~

~ M- n dvt-L(A m I 01-lt 5 ~ ~ eau-ee Te I S I~ 0)

~ ~te~ J2 loW f2 2c to-2-f20

----------- --- - ------ - ------

-r-( ---- r~- ()e

---------- __ z -- --- -- -2f (JrI1eItT~~-r-C--------- -- u-- _--=-=~~~-u -_~- _ --ftgt- J~-_~__RTjshy~

- -------------shy II __ __

-- -_ ------ --- -shy

- G-~ Y1_) T ~-f Q _l+ _12_s+M1fJ~ _

~

~ k~~ r- ~pound +v-o ~ w t l ~ (lltgt u laquo-dLVO -+alaquo-12

of I 5 ~C-~ ~ f C4-~ ~I

e ~Llt~--

poundOb l-- - - shy

nb - 3 Itgt [_(f-E)l ~ 1----shy--l - ~ egtlp -fl-r j

ss eo T CAL~ rlb [n

~1

-

j

I

---~

--hcHI~_middotmiddot~_

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0 -

T

Jd1 1+ Iu~ r rJuJ-CJ 111 yc1 ~ T fU-Ultgt +0 ~ 4S1JO k j )-) rJ [W) _ ~ L J T~ (dl

(l Cf) nH)

[-1~ p~ 15 ~Klt~jl an kfLlthlaquo htM ~e1lp=-rJ

~tYlel7fgt- OU~[1J) =Ofl~-rr )

ampvb 000000~G ~ m ~ 0 ( ~V ~

MM~ tV f shyA~ -

_ -I

v p l

II L t1f 5-f-rtvnyfPl

C~~~=~)) i

( ) 5 0 Tlaquo vte ltllt2vl J J-IWM( W du c ~ 0Y1 _

h~J wiJcA~ 1o-eVfjgtarl I I k CIlUVu- 6 f Q ( ~ IY1Y-l LQ~ r VI vtpoundad_ I

-- J (S qJfJtJ~

c ) I3uh- ~ cLJ 1Sa(~ I~ s+R~ k~ 4J1~ ck~ Ie j TL qrnl-r

~I

0 10(11

I l-2 t-~ 1 hi

~ ) ltt4- I z~ t1lt-_ ~ampUaltu

bull flt~~ ~~~ LJ~b1~

B~~~ ~~ ~ iVlT~~ ~ t~ ~~ oft AlIUlltl nri

~ til -- (l1- r to

n 0 h

11 ~

L~ raquo gt ~I ~ ~ X ( f I Vlt ft po

Pvv~c-fc 1J ~ ~ f-VlciM kda -+0 a (ht(L-1 fYllt- W

x I I

VI et-t)I YlC H) i s s ftL- d

th D ~ ~ ~ -shy

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---

501Rshy

A-bu ~ u- iJ ~~( CltJ f6 (-4

(I) n[I+ t1ltcf- ~ I-- sol i n(HO)

Flwirs~ r c 112a-l~

(14 ~ (J n(H~ __ 1 _ U -shy

n 1)(11) nrHI_

I 0jn - ()1 _ 1 e p - rr - o gt l)l 10-9

--shy~- shy-hof

) tl1-I~if =lt-3_ il

c ~14014~ c

= ~ I -eIi l IL caJ _-er o~)I (0laquo ~ -shy

(clrl - 2-f2( t=C(t_ ~rrme~T)Jh eo p(-JcaJ r1 c~r) 1 e h l --Rl- --ILl]

Ji -Ib ill fdx V1 (Ca rr) 7--gtc(WXlU-b r~XIO) 2middot) r--rrx rJ~1V gtdlx(j J~1(16 -iiI nCCJ1) ~ middot)ll (b ~U(0- ~j lshyI) [1

- -

-----shy -shy _shy -- _shy

cJ lclP

nl-Cw) _ n (cxJ

n rI cor - bull (1 c ( rlcJl ) Vl c

5~ I1H~111f I ) ()CQil In I) 11 VlCJrI1 -

+d-- ~ rr-rtH)C) ~ Yhflil

crr - ( I ) bull ( I) CIlcolnM) (cN-) 6- -

l- lt b (XIO-q=2lfo-S~ Cc) gt2 ltIQ-b Ci~)cJ 7-(fD-amp

i lt4 ~~f W tv ~ I f1Lj ~ niX ~ ~ ligt unrhA-(JIo~ ~ 104 WI4t-1d (lt-if -tfClt+ it ~ foe ud- -o V~ 2- ~~ 10 117 4 ~u

I b_C)l f)-O 8_deg04 C1ltj I 2 If

-E--~

t 6 l Vl b1lJa5 amprn~ amp~ 9)10 -lur 1) a IL ~rv I-k t-Il-~

iCu ~ I deg10 t2 lt-At suo ~D~ ~ 5~~

au i~ en ~~ ~~ J~ ~ ~IWS

~J ~--fs (2d J~ ~ fJ1J2

~ ~ ceJ (J~ on laquos

(0 M5 I I

35

Classical Cepheds

4045

05

50

3

6

4

5

o

-1

-2

o - J

2(J o

log T

FrGURE i4 Schematic Hertzsprung-Russel diagram The lincsoonstantslopercpre

stars hlhg dlJllic[I rcdi i (see Section + 13)

I) ~~eaQ t+Rshy-I+R rr1)

L ~ T e

) rA~fm-eO~ vi 1 - (VIv ~ 6c

Be 15 -0~ I-- e-n IL(J- 1 T e-C 13- v)

Q9 ~~ftE0s~

(VI v fl c lll ~pound LL 0-- ~ I

+ -(7 -clIg +- ()V Imiddot 2-)

1-8middot9 -(- 8 T 7- )l- 1)071

_ I (Mo~-fi()w) LIL 19 0 110 =-11--70

~ -f- RO~J ~t=l(~TG ~ R~ 6-ltJ~ +AJ

VI 5 1P ~ ~ 5 kepl(jshy~ Tel

(Jj) TjN C4 ~ OYL U~ lI1 5 s ~ (vlv1s) tVU ~~ eraquo

Y$ S~

t)Ui~ T3 ~ flA~ IS tt kgtocd to X C-2 ~ i6vk ~ ~ ~ 1115 ~~J

a lo owl IA G~ ~ C7 - - 0 I VI ~eee kv1 R

M~ t~M ~~ ~ ~jvfc

-I gt- i 0( jY13 -

~

~~(Jro) f~r~~l

~ -

~(f1()lgD 1 -I -I I

bull

OI-f~M S --

- wL-I- Ie ~~~~ cIr- RCt-lt -10 PWS 5~ - I-Ivlt-ltr do ~~ kt-5 ~ Iv ~~ fhSLJ~7

wtdL ]) ltj~ ~~ Te hdshy~ (l75o~ ~ s~

~ M- n dvt-L(A m I 01-lt 5 ~ ~ eau-ee Te I S I~ 0)

~ ~te~ J2 loW f2 2c to-2-f20

~

~ k~~ r- ~pound +v-o ~ w t l ~ (lltgt u laquo-dLVO -+alaquo-12

of I 5 ~C-~ ~ f C4-~ ~I

e ~Llt~--

poundOb l-- - - shy

nb - 3 Itgt [_(f-E)l ~ 1----shy--l - ~ egtlp -fl-r j

ss eo T CAL~ rlb [n

~1

-

j

I

---~

--hcHI~_middotmiddot~_

---nGHo)

0 -

T

Jd1 1+ Iu~ r rJuJ-CJ 111 yc1 ~ T fU-Ultgt +0 ~ 4S1JO k j )-) rJ [W) _ ~ L J T~ (dl

(l Cf) nH)

[-1~ p~ 15 ~Klt~jl an kfLlthlaquo htM ~e1lp=-rJ

~tYlel7fgt- OU~[1J) =Ofl~-rr )

ampvb 000000~G ~ m ~ 0 ( ~V ~

MM~ tV f shyA~ -

_ -I

v p l

II L t1f 5-f-rtvnyfPl

C~~~=~)) i

( ) 5 0 Tlaquo vte ltllt2vl J J-IWM( W du c ~ 0Y1 _

h~J wiJcA~ 1o-eVfjgtarl I I k CIlUVu- 6 f Q ( ~ IY1Y-l LQ~ r VI vtpoundad_ I

-- J (S qJfJtJ~

c ) I3uh- ~ cLJ 1Sa(~ I~ s+R~ k~ 4J1~ ck~ Ie j TL qrnl-r

~I

0 10(11

I l-2 t-~ 1 hi

~ ) ltt4- I z~ t1lt-_ ~ampUaltu

bull flt~~ ~~~ LJ~b1~

B~~~ ~~ ~ iVlT~~ ~ t~ ~~ oft AlIUlltl nri

~ til -- (l1- r to

n 0 h

11 ~

L~ raquo gt ~I ~ ~ X ( f I Vlt ft po

Pvv~c-fc 1J ~ ~ f-VlciM kda -+0 a (ht(L-1 fYllt- W

x I I

VI et-t)I YlC H) i s s ftL- d

th D ~ ~ ~ -shy

~ ~ -te~ )C 0

---

501Rshy

A-bu ~ u- iJ ~~( CltJ f6 (-4

(I) n[I+ t1ltcf- ~ I-- sol i n(HO)

Flwirs~ r c 112a-l~

(14 ~ (J n(H~ __ 1 _ U -shy

n 1)(11) nrHI_

I 0jn - ()1 _ 1 e p - rr - o gt l)l 10-9

--shy~- shy-hof

) tl1-I~if =lt-3_ il

c ~14014~ c

= ~ I -eIi l IL caJ _-er o~)I (0laquo ~ -shy

(clrl - 2-f2( t=C(t_ ~rrme~T)Jh eo p(-JcaJ r1 c~r) 1 e h l --Rl- --ILl]

Ji -Ib ill fdx V1 (Ca rr) 7--gtc(WXlU-b r~XIO) 2middot) r--rrx rJ~1V gtdlx(j J~1(16 -iiI nCCJ1) ~ middot)ll (b ~U(0- ~j lshyI) [1

- -

-----shy -shy _shy -- _shy

cJ lclP

nl-Cw) _ n (cxJ

n rI cor - bull (1 c ( rlcJl ) Vl c

5~ I1H~111f I ) ()CQil In I) 11 VlCJrI1 -

+d-- ~ rr-rtH)C) ~ Yhflil

crr - ( I ) bull ( I) CIlcolnM) (cN-) 6- -

l- lt b (XIO-q=2lfo-S~ Cc) gt2 ltIQ-b Ci~)cJ 7-(fD-amp

i lt4 ~~f W tv ~ I f1Lj ~ niX ~ ~ ligt unrhA-(JIo~ ~ 104 WI4t-1d (lt-if -tfClt+ it ~ foe ud- -o V~ 2- ~~ 10 117 4 ~u

I b_C)l f)-O 8_deg04 C1ltj I 2 If

-E--~

t 6 l Vl b1lJa5 amprn~ amp~ 9)10 -lur 1) a IL ~rv I-k t-Il-~

iCu ~ I deg10 t2 lt-At suo ~D~ ~ 5~~

au i~ en ~~ ~~ J~ ~ ~IWS

~J ~--fs (2d J~ ~ fJ1J2

~ ~ ceJ (J~ on laquos

(0 M5 I I

35

Classical Cepheds

4045

05

50

3

6

4

5

o

-1

-2

o - J

2(J o

log T

FrGURE i4 Schematic Hertzsprung-Russel diagram The lincsoonstantslopercpre

stars hlhg dlJllic[I rcdi i (see Section + 13)

I) ~~eaQ t+Rshy-I+R rr1)

L ~ T e

) rA~fm-eO~ vi 1 - (VIv ~ 6c

Be 15 -0~ I-- e-n IL(J- 1 T e-C 13- v)

Q9 ~~ftE0s~

(VI v fl c lll ~pound LL 0-- ~ I

+ -(7 -clIg +- ()V Imiddot 2-)

1-8middot9 -(- 8 T 7- )l- 1)071

_ I (Mo~-fi()w) LIL 19 0 110 =-11--70

~ -f- RO~J ~t=l(~TG ~ R~ 6-ltJ~ +AJ

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~

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wtdL ]) ltj~ ~~ Te hdshy~ (l75o~ ~ s~

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j

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ampvb 000000~G ~ m ~ 0 ( ~V ~

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A-bu ~ u- iJ ~~( CltJ f6 (-4

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Flwirs~ r c 112a-l~

(14 ~ (J n(H~ __ 1 _ U -shy

n 1)(11) nrHI_

I 0jn - ()1 _ 1 e p - rr - o gt l)l 10-9

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c ~14014~ c

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(clrl - 2-f2( t=C(t_ ~rrme~T)Jh eo p(-JcaJ r1 c~r) 1 e h l --Rl- --ILl]

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- -

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35

Classical Cepheds

4045

05

50

3

6

4

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-1

-2

o - J

2(J o

log T

FrGURE i4 Schematic Hertzsprung-Russel diagram The lincsoonstantslopercpre

stars hlhg dlJllic[I rcdi i (see Section + 13)

I) ~~eaQ t+Rshy-I+R rr1)

L ~ T e

) rA~fm-eO~ vi 1 - (VIv ~ 6c

Be 15 -0~ I-- e-n IL(J- 1 T e-C 13- v)

Q9 ~~ftE0s~

(VI v fl c lll ~pound LL 0-- ~ I

+ -(7 -clIg +- ()V Imiddot 2-)

1-8middot9 -(- 8 T 7- )l- 1)071

_ I (Mo~-fi()w) LIL 19 0 110 =-11--70

~ -f- RO~J ~t=l(~TG ~ R~ 6-ltJ~ +AJ

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(Jj) TjN C4 ~ OYL U~ lI1 5 s ~ (vlv1s) tVU ~~ eraquo

Y$ S~

t)Ui~ T3 ~ flA~ IS tt kgtocd to X C-2 ~ i6vk ~ ~ ~ 1115 ~~J

a lo owl IA G~ ~ C7 - - 0 I VI ~eee kv1 R

M~ t~M ~~ ~ ~jvfc

-I gt- i 0( jY13 -

~

~~(Jro) f~r~~l

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bull

OI-f~M S --

- wL-I- Ie ~~~~ cIr- RCt-lt -10 PWS 5~ - I-Ivlt-ltr do ~~ kt-5 ~ Iv ~~ fhSLJ~7

wtdL ]) ltj~ ~~ Te hdshy~ (l75o~ ~ s~

~ M- n dvt-L(A m I 01-lt 5 ~ ~ eau-ee Te I S I~ 0)

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Jd1 1+ Iu~ r rJuJ-CJ 111 yc1 ~ T fU-Ultgt +0 ~ 4S1JO k j )-) rJ [W) _ ~ L J T~ (dl

(l Cf) nH)

[-1~ p~ 15 ~Klt~jl an kfLlthlaquo htM ~e1lp=-rJ

~tYlel7fgt- OU~[1J) =Ofl~-rr )

ampvb 000000~G ~ m ~ 0 ( ~V ~

MM~ tV f shyA~ -

_ -I

v p l

II L t1f 5-f-rtvnyfPl

C~~~=~)) i

( ) 5 0 Tlaquo vte ltllt2vl J J-IWM( W du c ~ 0Y1 _

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bull flt~~ ~~~ LJ~b1~

B~~~ ~~ ~ iVlT~~ ~ t~ ~~ oft AlIUlltl nri

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11 ~

L~ raquo gt ~I ~ ~ X ( f I Vlt ft po

Pvv~c-fc 1J ~ ~ f-VlciM kda -+0 a (ht(L-1 fYllt- W

x I I

VI et-t)I YlC H) i s s ftL- d

th D ~ ~ ~ -shy

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---

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A-bu ~ u- iJ ~~( CltJ f6 (-4

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Flwirs~ r c 112a-l~

(14 ~ (J n(H~ __ 1 _ U -shy

n 1)(11) nrHI_

I 0jn - ()1 _ 1 e p - rr - o gt l)l 10-9

--shy~- shy-hof

) tl1-I~if =lt-3_ il

c ~14014~ c

= ~ I -eIi l IL caJ _-er o~)I (0laquo ~ -shy

(clrl - 2-f2( t=C(t_ ~rrme~T)Jh eo p(-JcaJ r1 c~r) 1 e h l --Rl- --ILl]

Ji -Ib ill fdx V1 (Ca rr) 7--gtc(WXlU-b r~XIO) 2middot) r--rrx rJ~1V gtdlx(j J~1(16 -iiI nCCJ1) ~ middot)ll (b ~U(0- ~j lshyI) [1

- -

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cJ lclP

nl-Cw) _ n (cxJ

n rI cor - bull (1 c ( rlcJl ) Vl c

5~ I1H~111f I ) ()CQil In I) 11 VlCJrI1 -

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crr - ( I ) bull ( I) CIlcolnM) (cN-) 6- -

l- lt b (XIO-q=2lfo-S~ Cc) gt2 ltIQ-b Ci~)cJ 7-(fD-amp

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iCu ~ I deg10 t2 lt-At suo ~D~ ~ 5~~

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(0 M5 I I

35

Classical Cepheds

4045

05

50

3

6

4

5

o

-1

-2

o - J

2(J o

log T

FrGURE i4 Schematic Hertzsprung-Russel diagram The lincsoonstantslopercpre

stars hlhg dlJllic[I rcdi i (see Section + 13)

I) ~~eaQ t+Rshy-I+R rr1)

L ~ T e

) rA~fm-eO~ vi 1 - (VIv ~ 6c

Be 15 -0~ I-- e-n IL(J- 1 T e-C 13- v)

Q9 ~~ftE0s~

(VI v fl c lll ~pound LL 0-- ~ I

+ -(7 -clIg +- ()V Imiddot 2-)

1-8middot9 -(- 8 T 7- )l- 1)071

_ I (Mo~-fi()w) LIL 19 0 110 =-11--70

~ -f- RO~J ~t=l(~TG ~ R~ 6-ltJ~ +AJ

VI 5 1P ~ ~ 5 kepl(jshy~ Tel

(Jj) TjN C4 ~ OYL U~ lI1 5 s ~ (vlv1s) tVU ~~ eraquo

Y$ S~

t)Ui~ T3 ~ flA~ IS tt kgtocd to X C-2 ~ i6vk ~ ~ ~ 1115 ~~J

a lo owl IA G~ ~ C7 - - 0 I VI ~eee kv1 R

M~ t~M ~~ ~ ~jvfc

-I gt- i 0( jY13 -

~

~~(Jro) f~r~~l

~ -

~(f1()lgD 1 -I -I I

bull

OI-f~M S --

- wL-I- Ie ~~~~ cIr- RCt-lt -10 PWS 5~ - I-Ivlt-ltr do ~~ kt-5 ~ Iv ~~ fhSLJ~7

wtdL ]) ltj~ ~~ Te hdshy~ (l75o~ ~ s~

~ M- n dvt-L(A m I 01-lt 5 ~ ~ eau-ee Te I S I~ 0)

~ ~te~ J2 loW f2 2c to-2-f20

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C~~~=~)) i

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-- J (S qJfJtJ~

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~I

0 10(11

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bull flt~~ ~~~ LJ~b1~

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11 ~

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Pvv~c-fc 1J ~ ~ f-VlciM kda -+0 a (ht(L-1 fYllt- W

x I I

VI et-t)I YlC H) i s s ftL- d

th D ~ ~ ~ -shy

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---

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A-bu ~ u- iJ ~~( CltJ f6 (-4

(I) n[I+ t1ltcf- ~ I-- sol i n(HO)

Flwirs~ r c 112a-l~

(14 ~ (J n(H~ __ 1 _ U -shy

n 1)(11) nrHI_

I 0jn - ()1 _ 1 e p - rr - o gt l)l 10-9

--shy~- shy-hof

) tl1-I~if =lt-3_ il

c ~14014~ c

= ~ I -eIi l IL caJ _-er o~)I (0laquo ~ -shy

(clrl - 2-f2( t=C(t_ ~rrme~T)Jh eo p(-JcaJ r1 c~r) 1 e h l --Rl- --ILl]

Ji -Ib ill fdx V1 (Ca rr) 7--gtc(WXlU-b r~XIO) 2middot) r--rrx rJ~1V gtdlx(j J~1(16 -iiI nCCJ1) ~ middot)ll (b ~U(0- ~j lshyI) [1

- -

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cJ lclP

nl-Cw) _ n (cxJ

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-E--~

t 6 l Vl b1lJa5 amprn~ amp~ 9)10 -lur 1) a IL ~rv I-k t-Il-~

iCu ~ I deg10 t2 lt-At suo ~D~ ~ 5~~

au i~ en ~~ ~~ J~ ~ ~IWS

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(0 M5 I I

35

Classical Cepheds

4045

05

50

3

6

4

5

o

-1

-2

o - J

2(J o

log T

FrGURE i4 Schematic Hertzsprung-Russel diagram The lincsoonstantslopercpre

stars hlhg dlJllic[I rcdi i (see Section + 13)

I) ~~eaQ t+Rshy-I+R rr1)

L ~ T e

) rA~fm-eO~ vi 1 - (VIv ~ 6c

Be 15 -0~ I-- e-n IL(J- 1 T e-C 13- v)

Q9 ~~ftE0s~

(VI v fl c lll ~pound LL 0-- ~ I

+ -(7 -clIg +- ()V Imiddot 2-)

1-8middot9 -(- 8 T 7- )l- 1)071

_ I (Mo~-fi()w) LIL 19 0 110 =-11--70

~ -f- RO~J ~t=l(~TG ~ R~ 6-ltJ~ +AJ

VI 5 1P ~ ~ 5 kepl(jshy~ Tel

(Jj) TjN C4 ~ OYL U~ lI1 5 s ~ (vlv1s) tVU ~~ eraquo

Y$ S~

t)Ui~ T3 ~ flA~ IS tt kgtocd to X C-2 ~ i6vk ~ ~ ~ 1115 ~~J

a lo owl IA G~ ~ C7 - - 0 I VI ~eee kv1 R

M~ t~M ~~ ~ ~jvfc

-I gt- i 0( jY13 -

~

~~(Jro) f~r~~l

~ -

~(f1()lgD 1 -I -I I

bull

OI-f~M S --

- wL-I- Ie ~~~~ cIr- RCt-lt -10 PWS 5~ - I-Ivlt-ltr do ~~ kt-5 ~ Iv ~~ fhSLJ~7

wtdL ]) ltj~ ~~ Te hdshy~ (l75o~ ~ s~

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~ til -- (l1- r to

n 0 h

11 ~

L~ raquo gt ~I ~ ~ X ( f I Vlt ft po

Pvv~c-fc 1J ~ ~ f-VlciM kda -+0 a (ht(L-1 fYllt- W

x I I

VI et-t)I YlC H) i s s ftL- d

th D ~ ~ ~ -shy

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---

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A-bu ~ u- iJ ~~( CltJ f6 (-4

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Flwirs~ r c 112a-l~

(14 ~ (J n(H~ __ 1 _ U -shy

n 1)(11) nrHI_

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--shy~- shy-hof

) tl1-I~if =lt-3_ il

c ~14014~ c

= ~ I -eIi l IL caJ _-er o~)I (0laquo ~ -shy

(clrl - 2-f2( t=C(t_ ~rrme~T)Jh eo p(-JcaJ r1 c~r) 1 e h l --Rl- --ILl]

Ji -Ib ill fdx V1 (Ca rr) 7--gtc(WXlU-b r~XIO) 2middot) r--rrx rJ~1V gtdlx(j J~1(16 -iiI nCCJ1) ~ middot)ll (b ~U(0- ~j lshyI) [1

- -

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cJ lclP

nl-Cw) _ n (cxJ

n rI cor - bull (1 c ( rlcJl ) Vl c

5~ I1H~111f I ) ()CQil In I) 11 VlCJrI1 -

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l- lt b (XIO-q=2lfo-S~ Cc) gt2 ltIQ-b Ci~)cJ 7-(fD-amp

i lt4 ~~f W tv ~ I f1Lj ~ niX ~ ~ ligt unrhA-(JIo~ ~ 104 WI4t-1d (lt-if -tfClt+ it ~ foe ud- -o V~ 2- ~~ 10 117 4 ~u

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au i~ en ~~ ~~ J~ ~ ~IWS

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(0 M5 I I

35

Classical Cepheds

4045

05

50

3

6

4

5

o

-1

-2

o - J

2(J o

log T

FrGURE i4 Schematic Hertzsprung-Russel diagram The lincsoonstantslopercpre

stars hlhg dlJllic[I rcdi i (see Section + 13)

I) ~~eaQ t+Rshy-I+R rr1)

L ~ T e

) rA~fm-eO~ vi 1 - (VIv ~ 6c

Be 15 -0~ I-- e-n IL(J- 1 T e-C 13- v)

Q9 ~~ftE0s~

(VI v fl c lll ~pound LL 0-- ~ I

+ -(7 -clIg +- ()V Imiddot 2-)

1-8middot9 -(- 8 T 7- )l- 1)071

_ I (Mo~-fi()w) LIL 19 0 110 =-11--70

~ -f- RO~J ~t=l(~TG ~ R~ 6-ltJ~ +AJ

VI 5 1P ~ ~ 5 kepl(jshy~ Tel

(Jj) TjN C4 ~ OYL U~ lI1 5 s ~ (vlv1s) tVU ~~ eraquo

Y$ S~

t)Ui~ T3 ~ flA~ IS tt kgtocd to X C-2 ~ i6vk ~ ~ ~ 1115 ~~J

a lo owl IA G~ ~ C7 - - 0 I VI ~eee kv1 R

M~ t~M ~~ ~ ~jvfc

-I gt- i 0( jY13 -

~

~~(Jro) f~r~~l

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bull

OI-f~M S --

- wL-I- Ie ~~~~ cIr- RCt-lt -10 PWS 5~ - I-Ivlt-ltr do ~~ kt-5 ~ Iv ~~ fhSLJ~7

wtdL ]) ltj~ ~~ Te hdshy~ (l75o~ ~ s~

~ M- n dvt-L(A m I 01-lt 5 ~ ~ eau-ee Te I S I~ 0)

~ ~te~ J2 loW f2 2c to-2-f20

VI et-t)I YlC H) i s s ftL- d

th D ~ ~ ~ -shy

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---

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A-bu ~ u- iJ ~~( CltJ f6 (-4

(I) n[I+ t1ltcf- ~ I-- sol i n(HO)

Flwirs~ r c 112a-l~

(14 ~ (J n(H~ __ 1 _ U -shy

n 1)(11) nrHI_

I 0jn - ()1 _ 1 e p - rr - o gt l)l 10-9

--shy~- shy-hof

) tl1-I~if =lt-3_ il

c ~14014~ c

= ~ I -eIi l IL caJ _-er o~)I (0laquo ~ -shy

(clrl - 2-f2( t=C(t_ ~rrme~T)Jh eo p(-JcaJ r1 c~r) 1 e h l --Rl- --ILl]

Ji -Ib ill fdx V1 (Ca rr) 7--gtc(WXlU-b r~XIO) 2middot) r--rrx rJ~1V gtdlx(j J~1(16 -iiI nCCJ1) ~ middot)ll (b ~U(0- ~j lshyI) [1

- -

-----shy -shy _shy -- _shy

cJ lclP

nl-Cw) _ n (cxJ

n rI cor - bull (1 c ( rlcJl ) Vl c

5~ I1H~111f I ) ()CQil In I) 11 VlCJrI1 -

+d-- ~ rr-rtH)C) ~ Yhflil

crr - ( I ) bull ( I) CIlcolnM) (cN-) 6- -

l- lt b (XIO-q=2lfo-S~ Cc) gt2 ltIQ-b Ci~)cJ 7-(fD-amp

i lt4 ~~f W tv ~ I f1Lj ~ niX ~ ~ ligt unrhA-(JIo~ ~ 104 WI4t-1d (lt-if -tfClt+ it ~ foe ud- -o V~ 2- ~~ 10 117 4 ~u

I b_C)l f)-O 8_deg04 C1ltj I 2 If

-E--~

t 6 l Vl b1lJa5 amprn~ amp~ 9)10 -lur 1) a IL ~rv I-k t-Il-~

iCu ~ I deg10 t2 lt-At suo ~D~ ~ 5~~

au i~ en ~~ ~~ J~ ~ ~IWS

~J ~--fs (2d J~ ~ fJ1J2

~ ~ ceJ (J~ on laquos

(0 M5 I I

35

Classical Cepheds

4045

05

50

3

6

4

5

o

-1

-2

o - J

2(J o

log T

FrGURE i4 Schematic Hertzsprung-Russel diagram The lincsoonstantslopercpre

stars hlhg dlJllic[I rcdi i (see Section + 13)

I) ~~eaQ t+Rshy-I+R rr1)

L ~ T e

) rA~fm-eO~ vi 1 - (VIv ~ 6c

Be 15 -0~ I-- e-n IL(J- 1 T e-C 13- v)

Q9 ~~ftE0s~

(VI v fl c lll ~pound LL 0-- ~ I

+ -(7 -clIg +- ()V Imiddot 2-)

1-8middot9 -(- 8 T 7- )l- 1)071

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