00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    1/70

    Government of Nigeria

    United Nations Development Programme

    Global Environment Facility

    UNDP Project Document

    Less burnt for a clean earth:

    Minimization of dioxin emission from open burning sources in Nigeria

    PIMS 4221; ATAS NGA!"# A$ard """%&'%!# Pro(ect """)%"*!

    May +rd , -"!"

    Final Draft

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    2/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    -

    .rief Description

    T/e pro(ect is designed to apply GEF eligible incremental meas0res t/at b0ild on and go beyond an emerging baseline of improved integrated m0nicipal and agric0lt0ral $aste management practices in Nigeria1

    In t/e absence of a GEF pro(ect, /ig/ levels of UP2Ps generated by open b0rning of m0nicipal and agric0lt0ral$aste 3MA45 $ill contin0e to affect t/e environment and people in Nigeria and $orld$ide1 Nigeria is in t/eearly stages of investing in integrated m0nicipal $aste management 3IM4M5 t/ro0g/ a federal government programme in partners/ip $it/ seven states and private sector partners in eac/ state1 4or6 to strengt/en policiesand g0idelines and red0ce UP2Ps releases $ill be /ampered by 0nreliable data on t/e nat0re and e7tent of t/e problem1 Alt/o0g/ IM4M plans /ave been developed, t/ey pay little attention to designing and implementingUP2Ps red0ction strategies or to 6ey elements of t/e participatory process t/at is so critical to effective $astemanagement steps s0c/ as sorting and separation of $aste at t/e so0rce1

    T/e pace of adoption of specific practices t/at red0ce UP2Ps releases $ill li6ely remain slo$, /ampered by anemp/asis on infrastr0ct0re rat/er t/an processes and people1 For e7ample, a lo$ level of sta6e/older participation in m0nicipal $aste so0rce red0ction, re80se9recycle, composting, and ot/er related comm0nity8level

    activities $ill li6ely contin0e to be t/e norm and $ill /amper t/e implementation of I4M overall, m0c/ lessUP2Ps8specific aspects of it1 arge scale open b0rning $ill li6ely contin0e as t/e norm in most d0mpsites as$ill t/e non8sorting of $aste and t/e recycling of a small n0mber of materials1 4it/o0t an incremental :p0s/; toovercome e7periential and capacity barriers, t/e implementation of IM4M is li6ely to fall s/ort in red0cingUP2Ps emissions in Nigeria1

    GEF s0pport $ill t/erefore foc0s on introd0cing ne$ practices and approac/es and b0ilding capacity to applyinternational standards and to ens0ring t/at t/e instit0tional abilities and policy frame$or6 are adeonvention estimates t/at scavengers b0rnappro7imately -"? of t/e collected $aste at d0mpsites, mainly for rec0perating val0able $aste streams1 T/e pro(ect=s incremental strategy is to organi@e and bring t/e informal scavenger sector into t/e formal $aste

    management sector1 .y doing so, t/e pro(ect=s foc0sed incremental efforts $ill res0lt in red0ced UP2Psemissions from t$o so0rces open b0rning of collected $aste and open b0rning of 0ncollected $aste1

    T/e red0ction of open b0rning of collected  and uncollected  $aste $ill be significant by t/e implementation ofI4MS toget/er $it/ UP2Ps targeting activities1 UP2Ps releases from t/e open b0rning of collected $aste ind0mpsites in t/e t$o pilot cities 3Bano and 2nits/a5 are estimated to be *'&1! g I8TEC9a1 T/e pro(ect=sincremental inp0t to sort $aste and organi@e scavengers $ill remove t/e incentive to b0rn $aste in t/e pilot sited0mpsites, preventing t/e b0rning of -"? of collected $aste and avoiding t/e release of &)1' g I8TEC9a1

    T/e pro(ect=s incremental inp0t $ill also enable t/e avoidance of b0rning of 0ncollected $aste, $/ic/ is notincl0ded in t/e baseline I4MS activities, res0lting in t/e avoidance of '%1!- g I8TEC9a of UP2Ps in t$o pilotsites1 T/e pro(ect=s conservative estimate of t/e total anticipated red0ctions of UP2Ps releases to air and landfrom cropland b0rning by end of t/e pro(ect is %1%% g I8TEC9a1 T/is $ill res0lt in a total anticipated red0ctionand meas0rable global benefit d0ring t/e pro(ect=s lifespan of !''1*) g I8TEC9a in bot/ pilot sites1

    It is estimated t/at t/e total UP2Ps releases from open b0rning of MA4 in Nigeria is appro7imately %,+"" g I8TEC9a1 T/e aim of t/e GEF UP2Ps pro(ect is to lo$er t/e barriers for introd0cing non8b0rning $astemanagement for MA4 and demonstrate .AT9.EP approac/es for $ide replication t/ro0g/o0t t/e co0ntry1Ass0ming effective replication of t/e pro(ect=s incremental inp0t to improve UP2Ps red0ctions 0nder t/enational IMS4M programme, a realistic ass0mption /olds t/at f0t0re UP2Ps activities co0ld red0ce nation$idem0nicipal $aste b0rning by -"?, res0lting in a -"? overall red0ction in UP2Ps releases from open b0rning ofMA4, or !,"" g I8TEC a year red0ction of P>DD9Fs1

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    3/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    $able of %ontents

    &cronms''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' (

    )*%$+,N +: *L&-,.&$+,N ,F $/* N&..&$+0*''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''1P&.$ +: )ituation &nalsis'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''1

    >onte7t and global significance11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111%.aseline Description1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111%

    I4M Programme Pilot Site .aseline111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

    .arriers analysis1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 &Sta6e/older analysis1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1!-S0mmary .aseline Analysis1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111!*

    P&.$ ++: )trateg''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''#1

    Instit0tional, sectoral and policy conte7t1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111!%a5 a$ and Policy conte7t1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111!%

    Pro(ect ationale and Policy >onformity1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111!)Pro(ect Goal, 2b(ective, 20tcomes and 20tp0ts9activities1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111!)Pro(ect Indicators, is6s and Ass0mptions1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111+"Incremental reasoning and e7pected global, national and local benefits11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111++>o0ntry 2$ners/ip >o0ntry Eligibility and >o0ntry Drivenness11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111+*S0stainability1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111+%eplicability11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111+%

    P&.$ +++: Management &rrangements''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''32

    P&.$ +0: Monitoring and *aluation Plan and -udget''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''34

    Pro(ect Inception P/ase1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111+)Monitoring responsibilities and events1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111+)Pro(ect eporting1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 +'Independent Eval0ation111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111*"A0dit >la0se11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111*!earning and Bno$ledge S/aring111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111*!

    P&.$ 0: Legal %ontext'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(!

    )*%$+,N ++: )$.&$*5+% .*)UL$) F.&M*6,.7 &ND 5*F +N%.*M*N$''''''''''''(3P&.$ +: +ncremental .easoning'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(3

    A1 Introd0ction1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 *+.1 .0siness as 0s0al scenario vis88vis t/e pro(ect=s main components11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111**

    P&.$ ++: )trategic .esults Frame8or9 ).F &nalsis''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' (;

    )*%$+,N +++: $,$&L -UD5*$ &ND 6,.7PL&N''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''11

    )*%$+,N +0: &DD+$+,N&L +NF,.M&$+,N''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''2"P&.$ +: ,ther agreements''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''2"

    P&.$ ++: ,rganigram of Project''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''2#

    P&.$ +++:

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    4/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    &cronms

    ADP Agric0lt0ral Development ProgrammeANSEPA Anambra State Environment Protection Agency

    AP Ann0al Pro(ect eportA4P Ann0al 4or6 Plan>2 >o0ntry 2fficeEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentFMoE Federal Ministry of EnvironmentFMoAN Federal Ministry of Agric0lt0re and Nat0ral eso0rcesFMoF Federal Ministry of FinanceFSP F0ll Si@e Pro(ect 3GEF terminology5GEF Global Environment FacilityGoN Government of NigeriaH>. He7ac/loroben@eneIP national Implementing Partner  

    I Inception eportI8TEC Internationally agreed TEC 8 ! g T>DD eonvention on P2Ps5 NPD National Pro(ect Director

    P>.s Polyc/lorinated bip/enylsP>DD9P>DFs Polyc/lorinated diben@o8p8dio7ins and Polyc/lorinated diben@of0ransPIF Pro(ect Identification Form 3GEF terminology5PI Pro(ect Implementation evie$PM Pro(ect Manager  PMU Pro(ect Management Unit 3PMU5P2Ps Persistent 2rganic Poll0tantsSEPA9. State Environmental Protection Agency9.oardSF Strategic es0lts Frame$or6  STA Senior Tec/nical Advisor  STAP Scientific and Tec/nical Advisory Panel 3to GEF5TEC Total dio7in to7ic eDD5

    TT Terminal Tripartite evie$UNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNDP8>2 United Nations Development Programme >o0ntry 2fficeUP2Ps Unintentional P2Ps

    *

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    5/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    )*%$+,N +: *L&-,.&$+,N ,F $/* N&..&$+0*

     PART I: Situation Analysis

    >onte7t and global significance

    1. .ac6gro0nd9.aselineT/e 0nintentional release of persistent organic poll0tants is an 0ndesired sideeffect of t/e open b0rning of m0nicipal and agric0lt0ral $aste1 T/e P2Ps c/emicals of concern are polyc/lorinated diben@o8p8dio7ins and diben@of0rans 3P>DD9P>DF5# /e7ac/loroben@ene 3H>.5# and polyc/lorinated bip/enyls 3P>.51 Meas0res to red0ce or eliminate releases from s0c/ so0rces of 0nintentional P2Ps prod0ction are t/e s0b(ect of Article % of t/e Stoc6/olm >onvention1

    2. Unintentional persistent organic poll0tants or :UP2Ps; is a relatively ne$ly /ig/lig/ted iss0e in Nigeria1 T/e nation=s first preliminary inventory of UP2Ps $as cond0cted in -"") as part of t/e processto develop Nigeria=s National Implementation Plan 3NIP5 for t/e Stoc6/olm >onvention on P2Ps1 T/is pro(ect is designed to enable Nigeria to begin red0cing total UP2Ps emissions $it/ a foc0s on red0cingUP2Ps emissions from t/e open b0rning of m0nicipal and agric0lt0ral $aste1

    3. UP2Ps are released in large

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    6/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    0nmanageable, t/e tendency is to dispose t/is $aste into any nearby b0rro$ pit and leveled off $it/ a b0lldo@er1 T/e res0lts 0nmanaged d0mpsites of m0nicipal $aste t/at spontaneo0sly ignite or areintentionally b0rned, generating large

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    7/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    /ampered by an emp/asis on :t/ings; rat/er t/an :processes; and people1For e7ample, a lo$ level of sta6e/older participation in m0nicipal $aste so0rce red0ction, composting, and ot/er related comm0nity8level activities $ill li6ely contin0e to be t/e norm and $ill /amper t/e implementation of I4M overall,m0c/ less UP2Ps8specific aspects of it1 arge scale open b0rning $ill li6ely contin0e as t/e norm in mostd0mpsites as $ill t/e non8sorting of $aste, t/e recycling of only a small n0mber of preferred materialsand ta6ing no meas0res to sort and isolate relatively to7ic $aste typically fo0nd in m0nicipal $aste

    streams1S0c/ baseline practices /ave t/e effect of increasing 3rat/er t/an decreasing5 UP2Ps releasesfrom open b0rning of MA41T/erefore, GEF f0nds $ill be 0tili@ed to cond0ct targeted demonstrations ineac/ pilot site of t/e most pressing I4M8related activities to red0ce UP2Ps1

    15. T/e FMoE is planning to prepare standards and g0idelines on IMS4M1 T/e FMoE /as alsodeveloped a tec/nical g0idelines man0al to prevent open air b0rning from sei@ed goods1 T/e pro(ectincl0ded a series of $or6s/ops, and a st0dy to0r to t/e United States by 6ey staff members to receive/ands8on training in best practices in disposal of sei@ed goods1

    16. 4aste Management in t/e t$o Pilot States 3Bano and 2nits/a5 T/e pro(ect $ill foc0s its efforts0nder >omponents - and +on cataly@ing t/e adoption of ne$ UP2Ps8red0cing m0nicipal and agric0lt0ral$aste management practices and approac/es in t$o pilot areas Bano State, located in nort/ern Nigeria,

    and Anambra State located in so0t/ern Nigeria1

    17. T/e ' Bano Metropolitan ocal Government Areas 3GA5generate appro7imately!,+!*,"""tonnes9ann0m of $aste1 T/e -""% NIP s0rvey estimated t/e level of $aste generated in Bano to be!,''",!!- t9a1 T/e discrepancy /ig/lig/ts a common problem in Nigeria K t/e c/allenge of generating,managing and 0tili@ing reliable data to inform planning and decision8ma6ing .T/e ef0se Managementand Sanitation .oard 3EMASA.5 reportst/at "? of t/e $aste generated in Bano is being collected, or appro7imately )'',*"" tonnes9per ann0m is collected and transferred to d0mpsites1 T/e NIP determinedt/at appro7imately %"? of t/e $aste in d0mpsites act0ally b0rns, yielding a fig0re of +&*,-""tonnes9ann0m $aste b0rned in d0mpsites in Bano1 Forty percent of t/e m0nicipal solid $aste in Bano isnot collected appro7imately %-%,"" tonnes9ann0m1 Ass0ming a %"? b0rn factor on t/is 0ncollected$aste yields a total fig0re of --,'"" t9a of 0ncollected $aste b0rned along roadsides and in bac6yards inBano1

    18. In 2nits/a >ity, it $as reported t/at-+),-%" t9a of m0nicipal solid $aste is being generated $it/int/e t$o metropolitan GA1 2f t/ese, abo0t '"? or !'&,'"" t9a is being collected1 Act0al tonnage b0rnedin d0mpsites in 2nits/a is appro7imately &*,&"" t9a1T/e remaining -"? is not collected, or *),*%" t9a14it/ a %"? b0rn rate, -+,)-% t9a of 0ncollected $aste is b0rned along roadsides and in bac6yards1Simple calc0lations 0tili@ing t$o UNEP Tool6it Emission Factors, one for landfill fires 3!,""" 0g I8TEG9a5 and one for domestic b0rning 3+"" 0g I8TEC9a5, yields t/e follo$ing baseline fig0res for UP2Psemissions from open b0rning of m0nicipal $aste in t/e t$o pilot sites1

    19. Table ! .aseline UP2Ps releases in pilot sites from open b0rning of m0nicipal solid $aste1

    Pilot )tate UP,Ps from open burning in

    landfills

    UP,Ps from uncontrolled domestic

    burning

    Bano +&* g I8TEC9 ann0m )' g I8TEC9ann0mAnambra &% gI8TEC9a ) gI8TEC9a$otal (>; g +=$*?@a >1 g +=$*?@a

    20. 4aste collection in bot/ pilot sites is intermittent and is t/e responsibility of t/e State 4asteManagement .oard in 0rban areas and t/e ocal Government >o0ncils in s0b0rban9r0ral areas1InAnambra State, t/ere are t$enty8oneGA and in 2nits/a t/e pilot cities /ave t$o metropolitan GA2nits/a Nort/ and 2nits/a So0t/1 T/e $astes generated by t/e t$o 2nits/a metropolitan co0ncils /ave

    )

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    8/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

     beencollected traditionally by ANSEPA1 2nits/a=sne$ IMS4MPimplemented in partners/ip $it/ t/eFMoE and t/e private sector$as ta6en over in 2ctober -""& by t/eprivate $aste management company,aga International td1

    21. In 2nits/a, a *" /a I4M landfill site /as been identified and an access road constr0cted, b0t noma(or $or6 /as started on t/e site1 A s0rvey plan /as been done on t/e site $/ile t/e private partner 

    a$aitst/e >ertificate of 2cc0pancy on t/e land from t/e State Government1 Ho$ever, mean$/ile, t/einvestor /as commenced collecting $aste and d0mping at a designated temporary d0mpsite, $/ere open b0rning is very prevalent and t/ere is no real management of t/e $aste1

    22. In Bano State, t/ere are ** ocal Government Areas1 T/e ef0se Management and Sanitation .oard3EMASA.5 collects $aste from t/e ' Metropolitan ocal Government Areas of Bano >ity 3t/e pro(ect pilot site5 and t/e remaining + ocal government co0ncil=s areas o0tside t/e metropolitan city is ta6encare of by t/eir respective area co0ncils1Under t/e ne$ integrated solid $aste management programme,EMASA., FMoE and a private $aste management company /ave signed an agreement to moderni@e$aste management in Bano1 Ho$ever, implementation of t/is agreement remains in limbo pending finalg0arantees from Bano state to t/e private sector investor1 In t/e meantime,Bano sta6e/olders /aveidentified ane$ !"" /a landfill sitein accordance $it/ t/e modern re

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    9/70

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    10/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    33. Overall, waste management in Nigeria lacs a co!erent law and polic" framewor to provide

     guidance and standards to support t!e development of modern integrated waste management practices

    t!at are so critical to t!e reduction of #POPs releases in Nigeria.

    34. In Nigeria, a $ide range of $or6 is eit/er 0nder$ay or /as been 0nderta6en in t/e policy arena $it/respect to $aste management and agric0lt0ral land b0rning, b0t gaps remain1 For e7ample, t!ere are

    national guidelines on solid $aste management State and local officials are not s0pported in0nderstanding and implementing t/ese g0idelines and t/e g0idelines do not address UP2Ps1

    35. T/ere is little strategic g0idance or direction on t/e critical iss0e of UP2Ps and no 0mbrella national$aste management policy or strategy to provide a co/erent approac/ to red0cing UP2Ps in Nigeria1T/ere is no national Integrated 4aste Management Strategies 3I4MS51 Not one State in Nigeria /asdeveloped an I4M policy 3agos /as a strategy and roadmap51 At t/e same time, in Nigeria=s de8centrali@ed system of government, t/e a0t/ority resides at t/e State level $it/ State EPA9., M0nicipal>o0ncils, and ot/er similar instit0tions1

    36. Additionally, a piecemeal approac/ to $aste management /as predominated $it/ little to no attention being paid to open b0rning of $aste1 Sta6e/olders /ave been b0sy developing policies based 0pon $astestreams 3/a@ardo0s, medical, agric0lt0ral5 b0t t/ere is no overarc/ing policy for red0cing UP2Ps1 FoME/as developed some $aste management reg0lations for solid and /a@ardo0s $aste1 T/e NationalEnvironmental Sanitation Policy 3NESP5 of -""% contains a c0rsory $aste management section1 T/eHealt/ Ministry /as a /ealt/ care $aste policy $it/ t/e provisionary title of :Draft National Healt/care4aste Policy, -""&1;eg0lations are 0nder development by NESEA regarding b0s/ b0rning b0t t/ey aresilent on t/e b0rning of agric0lt0ral resid0e in farm fields1

    37. T/e limited availability of /ig/

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    11/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    T/ere is a lo$ level of e7perience 0tili@ing e7isting best environmental practices 3.EP5 alternatives tored0ce UP2Ps releases1

    41. Sorting is "et to $e formalied.  Sorting is one critical entry point to red0cing t/e releases of UP2Psfrom open b0rning of m0nicipal $aste in Nigeria1 No city in Nigeria /as yet implemented a combined$aste sorting and composting programme at t/e comm0nity level1In ot/er $ords, t/ere is no e7perience

    $it/ or first8/and 6no$ledge of an effective sorting programme in Nigeria1 4it/o0t organi@ed sorting,t/e b0rning of m0nicipal $aste $ill contin0e $it/ or $it/o0t city plans1 T/e type of separation or sortingof $aste at /o0se/old level varies $idely across t/e states $it/ no standards and very little collaboration1T/e $aste streams incl0de t/ose from /o0se/olds 3mainly m0nicipal5, ind0strial and commercial, non8/a@ardo0s /ospital $aste, abandoned ve/icles and recently electronic $astes1 T/o0g/, t/ere aresimilarities in solid $aste c/aracteristics in t/e different 0rban areas, t/ere is a meager effort to tailor t/esystem config0ration to t/e $aste c/aracteristics1 T/ere is no target setting at t/e moment on level of cleanliness, on level of collection, on /o$ to roll o0t collection programme $it/ recycling and sortingfoc0sing on (ob creation1

    42. .0rning prevention and management of 0nimproved d0mpsites is 0n6no$n1 T/ere are no appropriate practices 0nderta6en at t/ese d0mps sites to red0ce open b0rning, s0c/ as sorting at t/e d0mp site prior tod0mping and9or t/e clearing and compacting of t/e $aste and applying soil cover after d0mping in order 

    to prevent f0t0re emissions of UP2Ps1irt0ally none of t/e d0mpsites across t/e co0ntry /ave$eig/bridges, /ampering t/e ability to meas0re t/e vol0me of $aste entering t/e site and t/0s estimatet/e scale of t/e c/allenge1

    43.  'ocal planning and management(T/e capacity at t/e local and State levels to plan and manageUP2Ps red0ctions is /ampered by an 0nder8developed ability among 6ey sta6e/olders to

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    12/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    47. Farmers b0rn t/eir farm land in preparation for planting beca0se !5 it is a fast and ine7pensive $ayto remove detrit0s from lands to be planted and -5 it is t/e traditional $ay and t/ere are many ass0med or  perceived benefits# +5 t/ere is a mista6en impression t/at b0rning agric0lt0ral resid0e provides$ort/$/ile n0trients to t/e soil 3and little 0nderstanding t/at $ind and $ater erosion often renders t/en0trients 0navailable to plants5# and +5 for pest control1

    48. In s0mmary, practical /ands8on e7perience is lac6ing $it/ respect to t/e sorting of $aste at t/eso0rce, composting, and lo$8tec/ steps apply to 0nimproved d0mpsites to red0ce b0rning1 T/is in t0rns/ampers implementation of simple steps t/at co0ld contrib0te to dramatic red0ctions in UP2Ps emissionsfrom open b0rning1

    49. .arrier L+ lo$ level of p0blic a$areness, 6no$ledge and empo$erment to enable 6ey sta6e/olders3$aste managers, scavengers, farmers5 to ta6e action in red0cing UP2Ps releases1An informal s0rvey of 6ey sta6e/olders $it/in t/e m0nicipal $aste and agric0lt0ral fields d0ring t/e pro(ect preparation processrevealed t/at fe$ if any 6ey sta6e/olders are a$are of or 0nderstand UP2Ps iss0es in t/e m0nicipal $astemanagement and agric0lt0ral e7tension organi@ations1 T/e effective adoption of practices to red0ceUP2Ps releases from open b0rning $ill re

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    13/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    )ta9eholder 5roup@+nstitution .eleant roles and responsibilities

    6aste 5enerators  3localresidents, b0sinesses, farmers5

    Traditionally considered as passive partners or obstacles to improved$aste management in Nigeria1 T/ey /ave a largely 0nder 0tili@edcapacity to contrib0te to red0cing UP2Ps emissions from open b0rningof MA4 by red0cing, segregating, and properly discarding t/e $aste as per t/e reg0lations or c/oosing alternatives to open b0rning in t/e

    agric0lt0ral sector1 >lose cooperation $ill be reonvention1 FMoE /asdeveloped and is implementing t/e IMS4MP12fficials from FMoE $ill be closely involved at all stages of pro(ect preparation, management and implementation1 2t/er ministries $ill beinvolved t/ro0g/ t/e pro(ect management str0ct0res 3steeringcommittee5 and by ta6ing part in some of t/e training activities1

     National EnvironmentalStandards and eg0lationsEnforcement Agency 3NESEA5

    esponsible for developing and enforcing environmental standards andreg0lations nation$ide in close collaboration $it/ t/e SEPAs at t/eState level1

    T/e Senate and t/e Ho0se>ommittees on Agric0lt0re andon Environment1

    >onsider iss0es and recommend action to be ta6en by legislative branc/ on agric0lt0ral and environmental iss0es1

    .asel >onvention egional>oordinating >enter  3.>>5University of Ibadan 88

    T/e .>> is involved in training, dissemination of information,cons0lting, a$areness raising activities and tec/nology transfer onmatters relevant to t/e implementation of t/e .asel >onvention and tot/e environmentally so0nd management of /a@ardo0s and ot/er $astesin t/e co0ntries t/ey serve1 T/e specific activities are training$or6s/ops, seminars, pilot pro(ects on t/e management of priority

    $aste streams#prod0ction of information material, and development of regional tec/nical g0idelines and tools 3i.e. e8$aste inventories51

    State Environmental Protection.oards9 State EnvironmentalProtection Agencies3SEP.9SEPA51

    esponsible for most $aste collection and d0mpsite $or6 nation8$ide1SEPA are t/e 6ey lin6 in t/e ne$ IMS4MP being implementedtoget/er $it/ FMoE and t/e private sector in t/e pro(ect=s t$o pilotstates and in five ot/er states1

    ocal Government Area 3GA53co0nty5

    Bey local sta6e/older responsible for local governance, incl0ding$aste management1Eac/ GA /as si7 departments, one of $/ic/ is t/e p0blic $or6s department1 T/e GA and t/e respective Stategovernment provide financing for $aste management ve/icles, cre$s,and ot/er eo0ncil=s P0blic Healt/Department1 T/e PHSD s/o0ld play an important role in ed0cation,inspection, monitoring and enforcement of m0nicipal and agric0lt0ral$aste management1 NESEA /as similar enforcement f0nctions andmandates t/at are not yet /armoni@ed for effectiveness1

    4aste Management A0t/ority 4MA /ave overall responsibility for $aste management operations 88

    !+

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    14/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    )ta9eholder 5roup@+nstitution .eleant roles and responsibilities

    34MA5 ens0ring t/at collection ta6es place and t/at t/e collected materials aredelivered to processors, mar6ets, or disposal facilities1 T/ey often /averesponsibility for landfills, incinerators, composting facilities, and /aveaccess to a stream of reven0es from fees paid by $aste collectioncompanies for disposal1 Most 4MA simply collect solid $aste and

    d0mp t/e $aste in a d0mp site $it/ no management1Private sector companies Private sector companies are increasingly involved in collection of 

    $aste, recovery of materials, t/e constr0ction, operation andmanagement of landfills, incinerators, and compost plants, and asconcessionaires or contractors1

    a$0ra Environmental Services Private laboratory K /as 0niivil Society 2rgani@ations3>S25 9 Fait/8.ased2rgani@ations 3F.25

    >S2 and F.2 are c0rrently left o0t of t/e mi7 $it/ respect todeveloping and implementing proactive sol0tions to red0cing UP2Ps8 prone $aste from t/e $aste stream1

    esidential 4aste Generators ocal residents= preferences for partic0lar types of $aste service, t/eir $illingness to so0rce separate recyclable materials, pay for t/e service,and move $aste to comm0nal collection points all /ave an impact on

    t/e overall $aste system1 Incentives can affect residents= preferencesand be/avior1 In some private estates in t/e F>T, $aste collection iscombined $it/ t/e rent or electricity bill1 In t/e p0blic estate /o$ever t/ere is no $illingness to pay for t/e same service for several reasons1

    .0siness 4aste Generators .0sinesses 3commercial9 factories9 $or6s/ops5 also prod0ce $aste, andt/e b0siness sector can become a significant player in t/e $astemanagement system, partic0larly, as is increasingly t/e case, $/en b0sinesses pay directly for t/eir $aste service1 As $it/ residents,incentives can play an important role in s/aping b0siness be/avior andcompliance1

    4aste sorters and scavengers See6 val0able $aste amidst t/e m0nicipal $aste stream1 T/ey benefitfrom t/e open b0rning of m0nicipal solid $aste and /ave become animportantsta6e/older gro0p $it/in t/e $aste management sector of 

     Nigeria1 In t/e absence of good sorting programme t/at formali@est/eir role, t/is sta6e/older gro0p $ill contin0e t/e practice of open b0rning of m0nicipal solid $aste1

    &gricultural 8aste

    Federal Ministry of Agric0lt0reand Nat0ral eso0rces3FMoAN5

    Agric0lt0re la$ and policy development1Implementer of t/e FADAMAIII Pro(ect1 T/ey $or6 closely $it/ State ADP on providing tec/nicaland financial assistance to farmers for myriad different p0rposes,among t/em being pest control, soil maintenance, and ot/er iss0esrelevant to t/e

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    15/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    sta6e/older participation in m0nicipal $aste so0rce red0ction, composting, and ot/er related comm0nity8level activities $ill li6ely contin0e to be t/e norm and $ill /amper t/e implementation of I4M overall,m0c/ less UP2Ps8specific aspects of it1 arge scale open b0rning $ill li6ely contin0e as t/e norm in mostd0mpsites as $ill t/e non8sorting of $aste, t/e recycling of only a small n0mber of preferred materialsand ta6ing no meas0res to sort and isolate relatively to7ic $aste typically fo0nd in m0nicipal $astestreams1Alt/o0g/ m0nicipal $aste b0rns spontaneo0sly in d0mpsites, scavengers also intentionally

    igniteit, see6ing access to recyclable $aste1S0c/ baseline practices /ave t/e effect of increasing 3rat/er t/an decreasing5 UP2Ps releases from open b0rning of MA414it/o0t an effective sorting programme toremove recyclables and ot/er $aste t/at generates UP2Ps $/en openly b0rned, m0nicipal $aste in Nigeria $ill contin0e to be b0rned no matter $/at la$s and policies and strategies t/ere are on t/e boo6s1T/erefore, GEF f0nds $ill be 0tili@ed to cond0ct targeted demonstrations in eac/ pilot site of t/e most pressing I4M8related activities to red0ce UP2Ps1

    55. In t/e absence of a Global Environment Facility 3GEF5 pro(ect, /ig/ levels of UP2Ps $ill generated by opening b0rning of MA4 $ill contin0e to affect t/e environment and comm0nities living in close pro7imity and indeed $orld$ide1 GEF s0pport $ill t/erefore foc0s on introd0cing ne$ practices andapproac/es and b0ilding capacity to apply international standards and to ens0ring t/at t/e instit0tionalabilities and policy frame$or6 are ade

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    16/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    A Policies B 5uidelines .eleance to UP,Ps Project )trengths B 6ea9ness

    e5 Draft National Policy on Healt/>are 4aste1

    Healt/ care $aste can be a so0rceof P2Ps as a res0lt of open b0rning1

     Narro$ foc0s does not allo$ for strategic approac/ to UP2Ps release prevention and red0ction1

    f5 Draft National Policy on P2Ps Generic draft policy on P2Ps1 Foc0s on ind0strial P2Ps

    La8s Decrees and .egulations

    - NESEA Act No -% of -"") Ma6es NESEA t/e top federalagency responsible for enforcingall environmental la$s andreg0lations1

    .road mandate on environmentalenforcement activities1

    Environmental ImpactAssessment Decree !&&-

    4aste treatment and disposal isspecified 0nder mandatory st0dyactivities1

    Ma6es EIAmandatory for alldevelopment pro(ects li6ely toadverselyaffect t/e environment1

    Does not consider UP2Ps emissionsfrom open b0rning as a 6ey factor1

     National Urban and regionalPlanning Decree no %' of !&&-

    Emp/asi@es f0nctional efficiencyof Nigerian cities1

    Preparation implementation of master plans development plansand maps for proper 0rban planning and management

    Preparation of master plans for $aste management1

    Implementation is $ea61

    P0blic Healt/ a$ -"" enactedas Anambra State of Nigeria a$+ of -"")

    Part. K 4aste Management,Section !+*, !+, !+)

    ealls for programmes to providesol0tions to $aste management

    iss0es incl0ding p0blic participation1.egulations and )tandards

    3  National Environmental3Sanitation and 4aste >ontrol5eg0lation -""& S1! No -'

    Stip0lates t/at all man0fact0rersand importers of vario0s prod0ctsspecified in t/e reg0lation3plastics, 0sed tires, e8$aste,ne$sprint and paper, batteries,metals, glass containers,refrigerators, etc15 s/all Underta6e b0ybac6 of t/e

    containers for recycling Implement an individ0al or 

    collective prod0cts

    ste$ards/ip programme# and# S0pport t/e Environmental

    Ed0cation and A$areness

    Programme of t/e Agency1

    T/e ne$est reg0lation on solid$aste in Nigeria3ta6es effect Marc/-"!"5, it $ill re

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    17/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    A Policies B 5uidelines .eleance to UP,Ps Project )trengths B 6ea9ness

    !&&!1 Enacted P0rs0ant to FEPAA>T1

     National Solid And Ha@ardo0seg0lations= S1!1 !% of !&&!1

    elevant to ind0strial solid $asteand iss0es of b0rning sei@edgoods or dr0gs by a0t/orities1

    Pro(ect ationale and Policy >onformity

    58. In t/e area of 0nintentional P2Ps $or6, t/e Strategic Foc0s in GEF8* $ill be concentrating on planning and policy development1 S0c/ planning and policy s0pport is at t/e core of t/e intended pro(ecto0tcomes by directly assisting t/e planning of detailed action for tac6ling t/e vario0s $aste streams 0nder t/e Integrated 4aste Management Strategies1 T/e intended s0pport for policy development and planningis bot/ timely and 0rgent at t/is early stage $/en Nigeria is ta6ing tangible steps in introd0cingtec/nologies and approac/es $/ic/ if correctly implemented can red0ce UP2Ps emissions considerably14it/o0t t/e s0pport it is e7pected t/at economic considerations rat/er t/an environmental 3UP2Ps5concerns $ill determine co0rse of action1

    59. As t/e pro(ect is aiming at developing legislative g0idance, t/e planned activities are consistent $it/action incl0ded in P2Ps Strategic Programme ! on Strengt/ening capacities for NIP implementation partic0larly concerning legislation and enforcement1

    60. GEF8* also allo$s for t/e possibility of small8scale demonstration and promotion or alternative:practices t/at prevent or red0ce t/e generation and9or release of P2Ps; as incl0ded 0nder t/e ob(ectiveof Strategic Programme - Partnering in Investments for NIP Implementation1

    61. In8line $it/ t/ese GEF priorities, t/e pro(ect o0tp0ts and activities are s0pporting i5 development of  policy and reg0lations in order to red0ce 0ncontrolled b0rning of $aste and /ence red0cing UnintentionalP2Ps emissions ii5 introd0cing and demonstrating Stoc6/olm >onvention approved .AT9.EP approac/es

    in several sectors $/ere absence of s0c/ best practices is res0lting in considerable UP2Ps emissions1

    62. T/e pro(ect activities $ill f0rt/er contrib0te to$ards general c/emicals management partic0larly int/e disposal stage of /a@ardo0s $aste streams typically fo0nd in m0nicipal $aste1 T/is s0pport $ill begiven as a part of t/e tec/nical assistance given a priori to minimi@e UP2Ps red0ction b0t can in arestricted manner be e7tended to ot/er problematic $aste streams s0c/ as paints, solvents, merc0ry inlig/t t0bes batteries etc1 S0c/ integrated activities $ill s0pport GEF=s overall cross8c0tting efforts ins0pporting c/emicals management as $ell as contrib0te to SAI>M action plans dealing $it/ t/e disposalstep of c/emicals= management and efforts to re8cycle /a@ardo0s components1

    Pro(ect Goal, 2b(ective, 20tcomes and 20tp0ts9activities

    Project ,bjectie: En/ance /0man /ealt/ and environmental 28FUNDING "","""#GEF "","""5

    ,utcome #'#' )ta9eholders assess and uantif baseline data on current and projected releases of 

    UP,Ps from open burning of municipal and agricultural 8aste EM&6'

    !)

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    18/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    4or6 0nder t/is 20tcome $ill be led by t/e FMoE1 GEF reso0rces $ill be 0sed to s0pport modelinventory $or6 in t/e t$o pilot states for UP2Ps prod0ction from m0nicipal and agric0lt0ral $aste1 T/e p0rpose $ill be to revise estimates of UP2Ps releases in order to better inform UP2Ps8related policydevelopment1 4or6 0nder t/is o0tcome $ill follo$ t/e recommended five8step approac/ to establis/ anational P>DD9P>DF release inventory 0sing t/e Tool6it-1

    !1 Identify Main So0rce >ategories1-1 >/ec6 s0bcategories to identify e7isting activities and so0rces in t/e co0ntry1+1 Gat/er detailed information on t/e processes and classify processes into similar gro0ps1*1 C0antify identified so0rces $it/ defa0lt9meas0red emission factors1%1 Apply nation8$ide to establis/ f0ll inventory1

    ,utput #:+nentor demonstration of UP,Ps sources and releases from open burning of municipal

    8aste in t8o pilot states'

    Activity !1 Design and cond0ct inventory of so0rces and releases of P>DD9P>DF from open b0rning

    of m0nicipal $aste in Anambra and Bano States1

    4or6 0nder t/is activity $ill en/ance and refine t/e UP2Ps inventory done 0nder t/e NIP process bydemonstrating a rigoro0s state8level inventory in eac/ pilot state t/at $ill t/en be replicated in ot/er states1

    GEF reso0rces $ill provide e7pert inp0t to enable state8level sta6e/olders to :learn $/ile doing; 0nder t/is activity1 T/e .asel >onvention egional >oordinating >enter $ill be tas6ed $it/ organi@ing andg0iding t$o e7pert $or6ing gro0ps, one in eac/ pilot state1 Eac/ e7pert $or6ing gro0p $ill beidentified from t/e 6ey sta6e/older instit0tions at t/e state level 3State Ministries of Environment, BanoSolid 4aste Management .oard, and Anambra State Environmental Protection Agency, and t/e FMoE51Pro(ect reso0rces $ill enable UP2Ps e7perts to train and g0ide eac/ state8level e7pert $or6ing gro0p in

    /o$ to identify so0rces and sites of UP2PS emissions and prioriti@e t/em for f0rt/er inventory $or61

    T/e inventories $ill be cond0cted in t/e follo$ing manner

    • Identifyt/e designated and non8designated d0mpsites, incl0ding ot/er m0nicipal $aste so0rcesof 

    UP2Ps releases in t/e t$o pilot states 30ncollected $aste along roadsides, in bac6yards, vacantlots5#

    • C0antify 3tonnes and9or vol0me5 of $aste generated in eac/ pilot state and means of disposal

    3d0mp sites, incineration, composting5

    • >ategori@e and classify t/e types of m0nicipal $aste based 0pon UNEP tool6it categories1

    • Inventory and DD9P>DFs in t/e t$o pilot states#

    • Utili@e t/e data obtained to pro(ect f0t0re per capita UP2Ps emissions in t/e pilot states 0p to -"-"#

    T/e data collected $ill be 0sed to develop and maintain inventories of UP2Ps releases 0tili@ing t/eUNEP Tool6it1T/is information $ill be critical to State MoE and t/e FMoE in monitoring conformance$it/ identified environmental performance meas0res1 Eac/ state UP2Ps $or6ing gro0p $ill cond0ct

    - UNEP1 -"")1 Standardi@ed Tool6it for Identification and C0antification of Dio7in and F0ran eleases1 Edition -1!December -""%1 Prepared by UNEP >/emicals, I2M>1 Geneva, S$it@erland

    !'

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    19/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    t/ese inventories on an ann0al basis in order to monitor 0pdate t/e red0ction trends in UP2Ps and provide t/e data to FMoE1

    ,utput !'Monitoring and reporting mec/anism in place and operational for UP2Ps generated from t/eopen b0rning of m0nicipal and agric0lt0ral $aste 3MA451

    Activity !1 Training of state EPA ADP 3BNADA5 on /o$ to 0se t/e UNEP8Tool6it on MonitoringUP2Ps1

    Under t/is activity, pro(ect reso0rces $ill s0pport training of State EPA and ADP 3BNADA5 staff int/e 0se of t/e UNEP Tool6it for Monitoring UP2Ps releases from open b0rning1 .eginning in year t$oof t/e pro(ect and eac/ year t/ereafter, an increasing n0mber of State EPA and ADP $ill prod0ce aUP2Ps report and s0bmit to t/e FMoE poll0tion control department1 FMoE co0ld incentivi@e t/isactivity, $it/ t/e /elp of relevant ind0stry by introd0cing a :>leanest State or >ity; a$ard competition$it/ a $ell8p0blici@ed a$ard and9or eit/er a monetary or relevant piece of eIEN51 Pro(ect reso0rces $illenable sta6e/olders to learn from ot/er e7periences in Africa on t/is iss0e1 For e7ample, So0t/ Africa/as been s0ccessf0l in managing and s/aring of information and ma6ing so0nd policies and reg0lations based on a 4aste Information System online database1

    ,utcome #'! Federal 8aste management polic adopted and UP,Ps .eduction )trateg *ndorsed'

    ,utput #' National municipal and agricultural 8aste EM&6 management polic deeloped'

    Activity !1 Prepare draft MA4 management policy and sec0re sta6e/older and Government approval1T/is activity $ill be co f0nded by t/e FMoE and GEF1 GEF reso0rces $ill be 0tili@ed to en/ance t/e participatory nat0re of t/is process and to convene a $or6ing gro0p of e7perts on critical UP2Ps iss0esto be addressed by t/e MA4 management policy1 Government co8f0nding $ill s0pport t/edevelopment of t/e overall policy itself1 T/is $or6ing gro0p=s efforts $ill complement t/e FMoE=s

     parallel $or6 to develop a national $aste management policy1

    T/ey $ill assess Nigeria=s P2Ps related policies and la$s to date and identify gaps to be filled andstrengt/s to b0ild 0pon1 Policy development $or6 $ill b0ild 0pon t/e e7isting baseline of activity int/is area1 For e7ample, T/e FMoE /as developed a draft /ealt/care $aste management policy, strategyand action plan1Also it is developing a draft e8$aste policy and action plan1 NESEA /as developed an0mber of reg0lations and in partic0lar t/e National Environmental 3Sanitation and 4astes >ontrol5reg0lations -""& and a draft e8$aste reg0lation1 T/e pro(ect=s $or6 $ill b0ild 0pon t/is baseline1

    !&

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    20/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    Using t/is d0e diligence, t/e $or6ing gro0p $ill draft an MA4 management policy $it/ specificUP2Ps red0ction provisions1 For e7ample, t/e policy $ill set recycling goals and priorities for $astematerials prone to UP2Ps releases d0ring t/ermal comb0stion from open b0rning1

    T/e policy $ill need to /armoni@e t/e t/ree different roles of FMoE, NESEA, and t/e egislative branc/ respectively $it/ respect to UP2Ps1 T/e process of refining and completing a MA4

    management policy draft $ill be aligned $it/ e7isting, related la$s and policies in Nigeria s0c/ as t/e National Urban and regional Planning Decree no %' of !&&-, National Policy on EnvironmentalSanitation 3-""%5, t/e P0blic Healt/ a$ -"" and a n0mber of State Environmental Sanitation Edicts1T/e process $ill also dra$ 0pon international .AT9.EP1

    A series of $or6s/ops $ill be organi@ed and f0nded by Government, beginning $it/ one $or6s/op ineac/ of fo0r geopolitical regions, c0lminating in a national $or6s/op to approve t/e policy1 T/is $illallo$ gro0pings of states to revie$ t/e policy, gat/er at t/e s0b8regional level to disc0ss and provideinp0t1 A rob0st sta6e/older mobili@ation effort s0pported by GEF reso0rces $ill be cond0cted prior toeac/ $or6s/op to facilitate ma7im0m level of participation in eac/ locality1 T/is inp0t $o0ld t/en feedinto t/e national process of finali@ing t/e policy1

    ,utput !' Federal UP,P reduction implementation strateg'

    Activity !1 Under t/is activity, GEF f0nds $ill be 0sed to s0pport t/e development of a federal UP2Psred0ction strategy1 T/e strategy $ill foc0s on /o$ to implement t/e UP2Ps8relevant aspects oft/enational $aste management policy developed 0nder 20tp0t ! above1T/e e7perience generated by pro(ect8s0pported inventory activities in eac/ pilot state $ill 0nderly and s0pport t/is $or61Specifically, t/e improved 0nderstanding of t/e UP2Ps :problem; enabled by t/is inventory $or6 0nder 20tcome !1! $ill /ig/lig/t and clarify t/e strategic and practical steps needed to begin red0cingUP2Ps releases from t/e open b0rning of MA41

    T/e strategy $ill emp/asi@e ne$ and innovative approac/es to engaging comm0nities in UP2Ps

    red0ction $or6, incl0ding :$aste8to8$ealt/; 6inds of activities and programs s0c/ as t/e So0t/ African:Food for 4aste; programme+1  T/e strategy $ill emp/asi@e t/e central importance of $ell designed p0blic comm0nication initiatives t/at empo$er comm0nities to ta6e action and $ill incl0de e7amplesof model programs of t/is type1 T/e strategy $ill emp/asi@e t/e importance of sorting $aste prior tod0mping, incl0ding composting1

    T/e strategy $ill b0ild 0pon t/e e7isting FMoE programme on integrated $aste management beingimplemented in t/e pilot states1 T/is strategy $ill be adapted by eac/ of t/e t$o pilot states= MoE, asled by t/e t$o $or6ing gro0ps on UP2Ps created 0nder 20tcome !1!1

    T/e pro(ect $ill strengt/en t/e capacity of t/e e7isting national $aste management committee $it/int/e FMoE to serve as t/e national catalyst for t/e implementation of t/e UP2Ps strategy1 T/e

    committee is comprised of a cross section of relevant e7pert organi@ations, from FMoE, FMoAN, NESEA, State EPA, ADP, Ministry of Agric0lt0re, t/e >enter, t/e private sector and academia1GEFreso0rces $ill s0pport capacity b0ilding activities s0c/ as training seminars on UP2Ps and targetedst0dy to0rs to t/e pilot states to see first8/and t/e UP2Ps red0ction $or6 0nder$ay1 In addition, t/emandate of t/e >ommittee, its e7pertise in MA4, and its foc0s on UP2Ps $ill be strengt/ened1 Part of 

    + T/e Food for 4aste Programme in So0t/ Africa is designed to engage the residents of poorareas in the process of supplying waste management services to their areas. SeeAnnex 1 for overview.

    -"

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    21/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    t/e >ommittee=s strengt/ened mandate $ill be to improve federal8State comm0nication andcoordination on UP2Ps and $aste management iss0es1

    ,utcome #'3' $echnical b=la8s and guidance adopted b pilot state *P&'

    ,utput #' $echnical b=la8s state and municipal guidance coering UP,Ps reducing in municipal8aste management deeloped'

    Activity ! Update and strengt/en by8la$s and g0idance notes covering .AT9.EP for red0cing UP2Psinform open b0rning ofm0nicipaland agric0lt0ral $aste1 4or6ing closely $it/ eac/ respective StateEPA in eac/ of t/e t$o pilot States, t$o e7pert $or6ing gro0ps $ill 0pdate and strengt/en by8la$s andg0idance notes covering .AT9.EP for red0cing UP2Ps releases, incl0ding sorting and composting,recycling, fire s0ppression in d0mp site management, m0lc/ing of agric0lt0ral resid0e, crop rotation tomanage pests $it/o0t b0rning, and improved fallo$, as $ell as t/e banning bac6yard b0rning of m0nicipal and /ealt/ care $aste, disincentives for b0rning of agric0lt0ral resid0es1T/is $ill be done$it/ NESEA involvement and inp0t as $ell in order to ens0re t/at reg0lations and by8la$s /aves0fficient penalties incl0ded in t/em toserve as a deterrent1

    Activity -1 Facilitate replication of t/ese by8la$s and g0idance notes by ma6ing t/em easily accessibleon t/e $eb to State and local level sta6e/olders1 In addition, incentives for t/eir replication $ill beincorporated into t/e FMoE=s ongoing I4M programme $/ereby states receive ne$ f0nds for I4M planning $ill be reond0ct effective local sensiti@ation campaign for t/ese la$s, policies1 >ivil societyorgani@ations and fait/8based organi@ations $ill be cr0cial1

    ,utcome #'(' Federal and state municipal 8aste polic setting and enforcement capacit increased'

    ,utput #' )trengthened capacit in UP,Ps minimizing M&6 management practice'

    Under t/is o0tp0t, GEF reso0rces $ill be 0tili@ed to train federal, state and m0nicipal staff inreg0lations, t/eir enforcement and novel approac/es to UP2Ps minimi@ing $aste management1

    Activity !1 >ond0ct a training needs assessment1An international e7pert in UP2Ps and training needsassessment $ill cond0ct a training needs assessment regarding UP2Ps iss0es in t/e t$o pilot Statesinitially1 A training programme, dra$ing 0pon best practice $orld8$ide $ill be designed in response bringing in at least -8+ e7perts in 6ey areas of need to cond0ct a series of training $or6s/ops, $it/ t/eintention of training at least - Nigerian trainers to contin0e t/e process in Nigeria and to provideongoing s0pport1

    Activity -1 Improve enforcement capacity of police and (0dicial sta6e/olders $it/ respect to UP2Psreg0lations and by8la$s1 Under t/is activity, magistrates, la$ enforcement officers, $aste management boards, NESEA and FMoE, state EPA, and agric0lt0ral e7tension officers $ill be trained in UP2Psand t/e danger t/ey pose to /0man and ecosystem /ealt/1 Training $ill also foc0s on UP2Psreg0lations and by8la$s developed in activities above1Training $ill foc0s 0pon enforcement capacityand $aste management practices t/at are specific to UP2Ps red0ction, incl0ding /o$ to assess $astecomposition of tr0c6loads of at d0mp sites or /o$ to intercept certain $aste streams destined for 

    -!

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    22/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

     b0rning1 Targeted gro0ps $ill incl0de (0dicial staff at t/e magistrate level# agric0lt0ral e7tensionoffices# forest g0ards and state EPA officers1

    Activity +1Develop a s0mmer interns/ip programme for Nigerian 0niversity st0dents to enco0rageyo0ng promising sc/olars entry into t/e field of environmental protection and management, partic0larlyUP2Ps8foc0sed $or61T/is interns/ip programme $ill carry t/ro0g/ t/e pro(ect=s $or6 0nder 

    >omponent - as $ell and $ill collaborate $it/ t/e top +8% 0niversities in Nigeria $it/ programs inenvironmental management or protection1

    %,MP,N*N$  !' . *DU%$+,N  ,F  UP,P)  *M+))+,N)  $/.,U5/  +N$.,DU%$+,N  ,F  N*6  P.&%$+%*)

    &ND &PP.,&%/*) +N MUN+%+P&L 6&)$* /&NDL+N5' 3>28FUNDING !',%%",)+# GEF -,%%","""5

    ,utcome !'#' UP,Ps emissions reduced $hrough +mproed )orting of Municipal 6aste'

    ,utput #' +ntroduction of municipal 8aste separation at selected communities'

    4or6 0nder t/is o0tp0t $ill f0rt/er implement t/e action plan developed 0nder 20tcome !1-1

    Activity !1 Demonstrate critical steps needed to sort $aste materialsgiven lo$ priority for recycling1

    >onsider /o$ best to avoid b0rning of vario0s UP2PS prone $aste streams s0c/ as plastic $rappings,P> $aste items, electronic $aste items, tires, medical $aste in open d0mp sites and by demonstratingre80se, recovery, recycling and treatment of s0c/ generated $aste in eac/ respective pilot area1 T/is$ill be done in a $ay t/at develops a specific step8by8step approac/ given opport0nities andconstraints, available partners/ips, and e7isting programs and policies1

    Pro(ect reso0rces $o0ld be 0sed to top80p state8f0nded m0nicipal $aste management $or6 by providing e7pertise in m0nicipal $aste management best practices to red0ce UP2Ps emissions andmore specifically in /o$ to transform t/e informal process of $aste recycling t/at relies 0pon open

     b0rning of $aste to a formal process absent t/e 0se of open b0rning1

    Step !1 Provide sorting e7pertise to 6ic68start $or6 at city8b0ilt and f0nded $aste sorting centers and9or train onsite $aste pic6ers in sorting priorities, establis/ing r0les for pic6ers and organi@ing t/em intorecycling gro0ps1

    T/is step $ill cataly@e t/e establis/ment of city8$ide recycling programs in eac/ of t/e t$o pilot sites 1State and city co8f0nding $ill s0pport t/e b0l6 of t/is $or6, b0t GEF f0nds $ill enable certaine7periential and 6no$ledge barriers to be overcome $it/in t/e ran6s of t/e city m0nicipal $astedepartments and t/e citi@enry at large1For e7ample, GEF reso0rces $ill provide t/e sorting e7pertisenecessary to elaborate and organi@e t/e $or6 0nder t/is step1

    T/e $or6 $ill be led by State EPA and local m0nicipalities in collaboration $it/ FMoE and $ill foc0son setting 0p a p/ased approac/ to a commercial8level city$ide recycling programme in eac/ of t/e t$o pilot cities in commercial and government office b0ildings, /otels and resta0rants, /ospitals, mar6etsand sc/ools1T/e national $aste managementcommittee=s on role becomes critical as it $ill coordinatet/e activities and assist in finding mar6ets for recyclables and facilitate b0y8in from government K t/ere

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    23/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    • >ond0ct training for local $aste management departments on /o$ to set 0p c0lt0rally appropriate

    recyclingprogramme t/at foc0ses on people as t/e critical factor and not (0st infrastr0ct0re ande.2s 3yo0t/ service organi@ations5 to be involved in t/e participatory processto formali@et/e informal $aste pic6er9scavenger sector#

    • Develop pilot initiatives based 0pon t/e :Food for 4aste;programme in So0t/ Africa as a model1

    Step-1 >ond0ct innovative p0blic a$areness campaign t/at sensiti@es t/e p0blic to environmentaliss0es, occ0pational /ealt/ and safety iss0es of UP2Ps, val0es of recycling and recovery of materialsand t/e type of materials eligible for recycling, and preparation reomm0nity Development Associations, F.2s, and>.2s5 to introd0ce neig/bor/ood $aste separation1Engage Nigerian st0dents in organi@ation effort in part by providing summer stipends for Nigerian university students to do field work supervised jointly

    by professors and SEPA staff in project pilot sites.

    Step +1 .egin /o0se/old sorting at t/e neig/bor/ood level, starting $it/ one neig/bor/ood and

    monitoring, learning, listening and b0ilding 0p to more and more neig/bor/oods and residential estates1T/is $ill incl0de distrib0ting sorting receptacles to /o0se/olds and caref0lly monitoring feedbac6 fromt/e comm0nity as to t/eir 0sef0lness, andprogramme effectiveness1

    T/is step $ill be centered aro0nd a t$o pilot demonstrations in eac/ pilot site of a Food for 4aste typeof programme14or6ing closely $it/ t/e local comm0nity a0t/orities, t/e pro(ect $ill bring t/e best practices and e7periences from t/e So0t/ African model to be applied in t/e Nigerian conte7t $it/ afoc0s on improving comm0nity participation in $aste sorting and partic0larly in formali@ing t/e non8formal $aste sorting sector1 T/is $ill be done in a participatory manner, $/ere incentives and non8cas/rem0neration are disc0ssed and agreed 0pon in advance1

    Step *1 Invite private sector involvement in t/e set 0p of basic recycling center3s5 or materialreclamation facilities 3MFs5 t/ro0g/ a p0blic8private partners/ip to $/ic/ people can bring /ig/er val0e recyclables for payment by recycling associations and small scale recycling ind0stry s0c/ as private reclamation collection companies1

    T/is $ill be initiated by NESEA and private sector partners as part of a pilot preliminary pilotimplementation of t/e ne$ National Environmental Sanitation and 4aste >ontrol eg0lation -""&3NES8"&51 GEF f0nds $ill /elp NESEA to str0ct0re t/is effort so as to ac/ieve ma7im0m UP2Psrelease red0ctions and to be replicable across ot/er states in Nigeria1 Under t/is activity, NESEA $ill pilot t/e f0ll8scale implementation of t/e NES8"& reg0lation reollaborate $it/ local a0t/orities to strengt/en UP2Ps8specific so0rce and release aspects of e7isting I4M strategies in t/e pro(ect=s t$o pilot States9>ities1

    Analy@e t$o pilot site I4M strategies and recommend UP2Ps red0ction modifications for eac/ pilotState strategy1 T/e analysis $ill consider /o$ UP2Ps red0cing efforts co0ld strengt/en t/e e7istingstrategies t/ro0g/ an incremental p/ased approac/ of eac/ pilot city=ssorting, recycling and recovery

    -+

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    24/70

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    25/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    >ond0ct simple field st0dies of benefits provided by compost to local farms in terms of soilconditioning, fertili@ing effects, or combinations t/ereof1 Form0late economic arg0ments based 0pont/ese res0lts as to $/y b0ying compost ma6es sense for a local farmer1

    ,utcome !'3' UP,Ps emissions reduced through improed incremental management of dumpsites

    to suppress@preent burning'

    ,utput #' Model d0mpsites managed incrementally to red0ce b0rning1

    Activity !1 Upgrade9re/abilitate e7isting $aste d0mpsites to prevent b0rning1

    4or6 0nder t/is activity $ill be co8f0nded by local State EPAs and 4aste Management .oards andt/eir private sector partners as $ell as GEF1

    GEF reso0rces $o0ld provide e7pert inp0t to enable sta6e/olders to elaborate critical steps to facilitate proper 0se of d0mpsite areas1 T/is $o0ld incl0de t/e necessity to maintain access roads, drainagesystems# t/e installation of control gate perimeter9sec0rity fence, d0mping and pile garbage at t/e

    fart/est accessible section of t/e d0mpsite to ma7imi@e 0tili@ation of t/e area, 0se of b0lldo@er for compaction of $aste and planting of trees as b0ffer strip1

    4it/ GEF8s0pported e7pert g0idance, co8f0nded $or6 0nder t/is activity $ill demonstrate fires0ppression tec/ni

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    26/70

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    27/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    • Identify t/e primary crop types in Bano and related /ectares 0nder c0ltivation in Bano state#

    C0antify 3tonnes and9or vol0me5 of agric0lt0ral resid0e generated per crop type9per /ectare andmeans of disposal 3gra@ing, b0rning, composting5

    • >ategori@e and classify t/e types of agric0lt0ral resid0e based 0pon UNEP tool6it categories for 

    croplands1

    4or6ing closely $it/ t/e State Agric0lt0ral Development Programme in Bano 3BNADA5,estimates $ill be developed of t/e ommittee, Department of t/e Environment, Sport and Territories, >anberra, A0stralia1

    -)

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    28/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    A$areness raising materials $ill be prod0ced in local lang0ages to get o0t t/e message to farmers in t/e pilot areas of Bano State1 T/is activity $ill foc0s on specific target sta6e/older gro0ps s0c/ as farmfamilies 3farmers, $omen, and sc/ool c/ildren51

    In Bano, pro(ect reso0rces $ill enable t/e BNADA to carry o0t p0blic a$areness campaign toget/er $it/ t/e t$o selected local government Areas 3Dog0$a and Dambatta51 T/e State MoAN $ill

    oversee t/e implementation of t/e activities1 adio and television advertisements can be 0sed tocomplement direct visits to comm0nitiesand t/e 0se of printed a$areness materials1

    ,utput 3' &lternatie approaches to crop residue burning at pilot=sites in 7ano state introduced'

    Activity !1 Establis/ pilot demonstrations on alternative approac/es1

    Under t/is activity, t/e pro(ect $ill $or6 $it/BNADA, t$o GAsand relevant Fadama >omm0nityAssociations 3F>A5 and Fadama User Gro0ps 3FUG5 to select appropriate sites for t/e pro(ectdemonstration activities1

    T/is activity $ill $or6 closely $it/ t/e Fadama III pro(ect str0ct0res to compliment $or6 to targetinnovative agric0lt0ral practices for investment and piloting1 T/e pro(ect $ill $or6 $it/ motivatedfarmers to develop specific proposals for investment from Fadama8III=s programme t/at $illdemonstrate viable alternatives to b0rning of croplands and crop resid0es1

    S0ggested alternative approac/es $ill foc0s on t/e primary reasons farmers b0rn croplands and cropresid0e in t/e first place to control pests andto improve soil fertility1 Possible alternatives $ill incl0de

    !5Promote crop rotation 3fodder leg0me and non8leg0me or cereal rotation5 to red0ce pest infestation,and improve soil fertility1

    -5 Demonstrate improved fallo$ systems as a s0stainable alternative to t/e traditional b0rning of fallo$

    lands1 T/is innovative intervention $ill foc0s 0pon modifying and improving fallo$ practices in order to increase soil fertility and increase crop yields1 Usef0l leg0mino0s s/r0bs incl0de  )lemingiamacrop!"lla, /an2anus ca2anSes$ania ses$an,  %cacia auriculiformis1 T/e 0se of s0c/ fast gro$ingleg0mino0s s/r0bs9plants in fallo$ land also /elps farmers $/o m0st red0ce t/e time allo$ed for t/eland to be fallo$1

    +5 Slas/ and m0lc/ K Introd0ce slas/ and m0lc/ practices t/ro0g/ in t/e field demonstrations1Demonstrate c0t and m0lc/ as a s0stainable alternative to open b0rning of agric0lt0ral resid0e toincrease n0trient availability, red0ce soil temperat0re, increase soil moist0re, control $eeds, and red0celabo0r cost for $eeding1 T/is demonstration $ill be cond0cted on t/ree different farms to be selected by t/e F>A1 GEF reso0rces $ill provide tec/nical assistance to design and g0ide t/e demonstration process, cond0ct training on t/e c0t and m0lc/ approac/1

    *5 Demonstrate 0se of cover crops s0c/ as  Mucuna pruriens  to promote Integrated Soil FertilityManagement 3ISFM5 tec/nologies1 T/is is done to control $eeds and improve t/e prod0ctivity of t/esoil by adding n0trients to t/e soil1 ISFM tec/nologies see6 to red0ce $eeds and labo0r re

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    29/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    5 Demonstration of t/e 0se of crop resid0e /andling e.2s1Anot/er reasonfarmers b0rn is beca0se it re

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    30/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    sites and states are e7pected to adopt t/e non8b0rning practices1 4it/ training materials s0fficientlydeveloped and t/e farmers ade

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    31/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

     Indicator(  N0mber of Federal Agencies and State EPA endorsingne$ MA4 strategy13arget(FMoE endorses strategy by end of year +1 At least t$o State EPA Endorse Strategy by end of year+1

    ,utcome #'3$echnical b=la8s and guidance adopted b pilot state *P&'

     Indicator(.y8la$s for MA4 management8related UP2Ps drafted and adopted by eac/ pilot city co0ncil13arget( Ne$ by8la$ adopted by at least - city co0ncils total in pilot sites by end of year -1

     Indicator(Evidence of 0se and application of by8la$s and g0idance notes in $aste management practice13arget(Main elements of g0idance notes and by8la$s incorporated into $or6 plans and o0treac/ materialsin eac/ pilot state1

    ,utcome #'(' Federal and state 8aste polic setting and enforcement capacit increased'

     Indicator( N0mber of (0dicial and state environmental protection office officials in pilot sites $it/meas0rably improved 6no$ledge and s6ills1

    3arget( -" officials in eac/ pilot state completed training and meas0rably improved 6no$ledge and s6ills1

     Indicator( ? of main actors in $aste creation, storage, transportation and d0mping $/o are familiar $it/I4M and UP2Ps red0ction principles13arget( "8)%? by end of t/e pro(ect1

    ,utcome !'# UP,Ps emissions reduced through support to cit leel +6M'

     Indicator( ol0me increase in $aste sorted prior to depositing in d0mpsite13arget(At least %"? of $aste tonnage collected in eac/ pilot site is sorted for priority non8recyclablematerials in eac/ pilot city by end of pro(ect1

    ,utcome !'!' UP,Ps emissions reduced through communit leel participation and action

    demonstrations'

     Indicator(  N0mber of neig/bo0r/oods $it/ active sorting and composting programmes in t/emetropolitan local government areas of pilot states13arget(Sorting and composting programmes in ' local government areas 3GA5 of Bano by end of yr *13arget( Sorting and composting programmes in 5 '0% of Onits!a $" end of "ear 6.

    ,utcome !'3: Fie )tates participating in federal +6M programme replicate demonstrated best

    practices for UP,Ps reductions'

     Indicator( N0mber of states incorporating UP2Ps8specific priorities into t/eir I4M strategies13arget(At least % by end of pro(ect1

     Indicator(  N0mber of states and cities adopting by8la$s and g0idance notes on UP2Ps red0cing I4M practices13arget(At least % by end of pro(ect1

     Indicator( N0mber of city and State staff in non8pilot areas trained in UP2Ps8red0cing practices1

    +!

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    32/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    3arget(At least !"" by end of pro(ect1

     Indicator( N0mber of .AT8.EP for UP2Ps red0ction developed and circ0lated for replication13arget(At least % by end of pro(ect1

    ,utcome 3'#' ,pen burning of stubble on farm fields is reduced through changes in agricultural

    practices'

     Indicator(  N0mber of /ectares in $/ic/ alternative approac/es to agric0lt0ral $aste 3A45 b0rning at - pilot8sites in Bano state /ave been introd0ced by farmers13arget(  .y t/e end of t/e pro(ect, alternatives /ave been introd0ced in t$o pilot areas of Bano -" /a atDanbatta, and -" /a at Dog$a1

     Indicator(  N0mber of /ectares of farmland b0rned in a year13arget(  At least !" farmers not b0rning cropland in preparation for farming1

    +-

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    33/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    T/e follo$ing 0ncertainties and ris6s /ave been identified

    .is9 .is9 Mitigation Measure

    Private investment in m0nicipal$aste management in t/e pro(ect=s pilot sites may be delayed or 

    some/o$ /ampered d0e to0nforeseen complications1

    Pro(ect activities are designed to concentrate on activities t/at are not sosensitive to t/e reali@ation of private investment1 T/e pro(ect=s primary partners are federal, state and local a0t/orities, $/o are already responsible

    for m0nicipal $aste management activities1

    eplication may be /ampered d0e toslo$ progress implementingIMS4M in t/e five pilot states 0nder t/e IMS4M Programme1

    T/e pro(ect does not p0t all of its replication :eggs in one bas6et1; For e7ample, t/e pro(ect $ill $or6 $it/ t/e FADAMA III pro(ect to replicationits $or6 $it/ farmers on alternatives to open b0rning of agric0lt0ralresid0e1 T/e pro(ect $ill also $or6 $it/ t/e programme on comm0nity8 based $aste management also being f0nded by FMoE to replicate critical$aste sorting $or6 to red0ce t/e amo0nt of open b0rning and t/e amo0nt of $aste available to be openly b0rned1

    eceptiveness for capacitystrengt/ening and transfer of 6no$8/o$ on UP2Ps releases from open b0rning of MA4 is not g0aranteed1

    T/e capacity transfer and integration of UP2PsKrelated 6no$ledge in localand national instit0tions, beyond a small circle of engaged e7perts, isamong t/e most c/allenging aspects of t/e pro(ect1 Ho$ever, t/e lengt/ of t/e pro(ect intervention $ill enable a grad0al and systematic training of 

    co0nterpart instit0tions1

    Sta6e/olders also /ave been very m0c/ involved in t/e design of t/e pro(ect1 T/erefore t/e types of capacity strengt/ening activities and targetsmeet t/e needs as t/ey are e7pressed1 Also, t/e pro(ect $ill remainreceptive to additional inp0t from sta6e/olders at pro(ect inception andd0ring implementation1 T/is is a 6ey element in adaptive management1

    >0lt0ral resistance for discontin0ingopen b0rning of agric0lt0ral land1 M

    T/e pro(ect is designed to address t/e main reasons $/y farmers b0rnagric0lt0ral resid0e on t/eir fields in a $ay t/at ref0tes some ass0mptionsand provides alternative practices1 Also, a$areness raising abo0t t/e possibilities of income generation and environmental9/ealt/ benefits $ill beintrod0ced1

    ,erall .ating L

    Incremental reasoning and e7pected global, national and local benefits

    64. T/e pro(ect see6s to red0ce t/e environmental ris6s in Nigeria and also internationally, ca0sed by t/erelease ofUP2Ps from t/e open  b0rning of m0nicipal and agric0lt0ral $aste1 UP2Ps pose significant/a@ards to ecosystem resilience and /0man /ealt/ and, once released, find t/eir $ay

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    34/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    emissions from t$o so0rces open b0rning of collected $aste 3in d0mpsites5 and open b0rning of 0ncollected $aste1

    67. T/e red0ction of open b0rning of bot/ collected and uncollected $aste can be e7pected to be verysignificant by t/e implementation of I4MS toget/er $it/ UP2Ps targeting activities1 2verall UP2Psreleases from t/e open b0rning of collected $aste in d0mpsites in t/e t$o pilot cities 3Bano and 2nits/a5

    are estimated to be *'&1! g I8TEC9a1 T/e pro(ect=s incremental efforts $it/ sorting of $aste andorgani@ing scavengers and composting efforts $ill be able to stop t/e open b0rning in t/e pilot site d0mpsites and t/0s prevent t/e b0rning of -"? of t/e collected $aste, t/ereby avoiding t/e release of &)1' g I8TEC9a1

    68. T/e pro(ect=s incremental inp0t $ill also enable t/e avoidance of b0rning of 0ncollected $aste,$/ic/ is not incl0ded in t/e baseline I4MS activities, res0lting in t/e avoidance of '%1!- g TEC9a of UP2Ps in t$o pilot sites1 >ombined, t/e pro(ect=s near8term, direct effect on UP2Ps releases isanticipated to be !'-1& g I8TEC9a in bot/ pilot sites1

    69. It is estimated t/at t/e total UP2Ps releases for all of Nigeria from open b0rning of MA4 isappro7imately %,+"" g I8TEC9a1 T/e aim of t/e GEF UP2Ps pro(ect is to lo$er t/e barriers for 

    introd0cing non8b0rning $aste management for m0nicipal $aste and demonstrate .AT9.EP approac/esfor $ide replication t/ro0g/o0t t/e co0ntry1Ass0ming effective replication of t/e pro(ect=s incrementalinp0t to improve UP2Ps red0ctions 0nder t/e national IMS4M programme, a realistic ass0mption /oldst/at f0t0re UP2Ps activities co0ld red0ce nation$ide m0nicipal $aste b0rning by -"?, res0lting in a-"? overall red0ction in UP2Ps releases from open b0rning of MA4, or !,"" g I8TEC a year red0ctionof P>DD9Fs1

    >o0ntry 2$ners/ip >o0ntry Eligibility and >o0ntry Drivenness

    70.  Nigeria ratified t/e Stoc6/olm >onvention on -- A0g0st -""*, and is eligible to receive f0ndingfrom UNDP and GEF1 T/e GEF 2perational Focal Point /as endorsed t/e proposal K see Section I, Part

    !1

    71. T/e reg0latory strengt/ening and development of policy g0idance and coordination is one of t/ecentral needs and priorities in Nigeria=s National Implementation Plan 3NIP5 for t/e Stoc6/olm>onvention1 T/e NIP ran6s UP2Ps generated by 0ncontrolled b0rning of m0nicipal $aste andagric0lt0ral land as one of t/e 6ey environmental c/allenges facing Nigeria1 T/e draft NIP action plancalls for f0rt/er action 0nder meas0re +1+1) to :ed0ce eleases from Unintentional Prod0ction1; Amongt/e actions called for are t/e follo$ing

    • evie$ and develop by8la$s, g0idelines and proced0res for 0ncontrolled b0rning activities

    • Intensify on8going ed0cational and a$areness programmes on effects of 0ncontrolled b0rning

    activities

    • Develop alternative met/ods of preparing farm fields for c0ltivation instead of b0rning1

    72. T/e FMoE /as initiated a process of developing state8$ise Integrated 4aste Management Strategies$it/ t/e aim of finding /olistic and efficient $aste management approac/es, $/ere ma7im0m of recycling and re80se possibilities are e7ploited1 T/e pro(ect o0tp0ts and activities are in8line $it/ t/eseIntegrated 4aste Management Strategies, by providing policy and tec/nical advice at t/e m0nicipalitylevel for minimi@ing UP2Ps releases and by piloting additional $aste recycling approac/es at comm0nitylevel, /ence complementing t/e overall I4MS efforts1

    +*

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    35/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    73. T/e pro(ect o0tp0ts create (ob opport0nities in t/e form of organi@ed $aste collection and separation by engaging informal sector recyclers, scavengers and lo$8income comm0nity members as $ell ast0rning $aste into mar6etable prod0cts, s0c/ as composting1 As a res0lt, t/e pro(ect contrib0tes to t/eGovernment of Nigeria=s Poverty ed0ction Strategy t/at aims to create $ealt/ and employment andcontrib0te to t/e ac/ievement of at least t$o of t/e MDGs3Goal )Ens0re EnvironmentalS0stainabilityGoal 'Develop a Global Partners/ip for Development51

    S0stainability

    74. T/e design of all t/ree>omponents ta6es into acco0nt t/e need for s0stainability1 T/e pro(ect preparatory process selected t/e t$o pilot States 3Anambra and Bano5 in part beca0se bot/ /addemonstrateda commitment to investing in improved integrated $aste management as part of eac/ State=s participation on t/e FMoE=s national I4M initiative1 T/is is a critical criterion beca0se it is central to t/e pro(ect=s incremental approac/ and to improving t/e case for s0stainability1 A second criterion for selecting t/e agric0lt0ral $aste pilot area specified t/at t/e area m0st be involved in t/e large, baselineagric0lt0ral development programme called FADAMA III1 T/e pro(ect=s activities in t/is area aredesigned to b0ild 0pon, complement and integrate into FADAMA III=s large8scale investments inimproving agric0lt0ral economies in Bano and ot/er Nigerian States, t/0s en/ancing t/e s0stainability of 

    t/e pro(ect=s $or6 in promoting alternatives to b0rning of cropland and crop resid0e1

    75. T/e design of t/e pro(ect see6s to strengt/en e7isting information on UP2Ps so0rces and releasesfrom open b0rning of MA4 in Nigeria and improve its availability1 T/is $or6 0nder >omponent ! $illsolidify and improve t/e omponent ! also en/ances s0stainability beca0se it $ill strengt/en t/e policy and instit0tionalcapacity baseline for addressing UP2Ps iss0es effectively, an impact t/at $ill e7tend $ell beyond t/elifespan of t/is pro(ect1 >omponents - and + see6 to demonstrate :proof of concept; and facilitate t/ereplication of s0c/ $/en it comes to applying specific, incremental actions t/at t/at red0ce UP2Psreleases from t/e c0rrent b0siness as 0s0al and pro(ected b0siness as 0s0al baseline for I4M andcropland management in Nigeria1

    eplicability

    76. T/e replicability of t/e pro(ect=s $or6 is /ig/ and t/e absorptive9replication potential across Nigeriais enormo0s d0e to t/e significant :do$n payment; on modern integrated $aste management practices asreflected in t/e Integrated M0nicipal Solid 4aste Management Programme1 T/is programme /as alreadyselected seven states9cities across Nigeria as t/e lead actors and provided catalytic f0nding to enable t/emto develop IMS4M strategies and to form p0blic8private partners/ips to implement t/em1 T/e pro(ect=smodest, incremental UP2Ps8foc0sed additions to t/is programme are designed to be replicatedeasily bycities and states as t/e IMS4M programme contin0es and e7pands in f0t0re years1 T/e pro(ect isdesigned to emp/asi@e demonstration and replication, $it/ 20tcomes -1+ and +1! foc0sing on replication1

    77. For e7ample, t/e pro(ect=s replication $or6 $ill foc0s 0pon 0sing t/e FMoE=s national IMS4Minitiative as t/e :ve/icle; for replication of pro(ect8inspired UP2Ps red0ction activities1 T/is replication$ill foc0s initially on eac/ of t/e five states $/ere IMS4M plans and strategies are already 0nder development $it/ f0nding from t/e Government of Nigeria 3FMoE5, State Governments, and t/e PrivateSector1 GEF reso0rces 0nder t/is o0tcome foc0s on enabling t/e replication of UP2Ps red0ction steps asdemonstrated 0nder 20tcomes -1! and -1-1

    +%

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    36/70

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    37/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    85. In order to accord proper ac6no$ledgement to GEF and UNDP for providing f0nding and tec/nicalassistance, GEF and UNDP logos s/o0ld appear on all relevant pro(ect p0blications, incl0ding amongot/ers, pro(ect /ard$are and ve/icles p0rc/ased $it/ t/e pro(ect f0nds1 Any citation on p0blicationss/o0ld also accord proper ac6no$ledgment to GEF and UNDP1

     PART I": onitoring an# $%aluation Plan an# &u#get 

    86. Pro(ect monitoring and eval0ation $ill be cond0cted in accordance $it/ establis/ed GEF proced0res,UNDP reg0lations in t/e conte7t of 2ne UN Initiative in Nigeria1 T/e ogical Frame$or6 Matri7 inSection II provides  performance  and impact   indicators for pro(ect implementation along $it/ t/eir corresponding means of verification1 T/ese $ill form t/e basis on $/ic/ t/e pro(ectQs Monitoring andEval0ation system $ill be b0ilt1

    87. T/e follo$ing sections o0tline t/e principle components of t/e pro(ect monitoring and eval0ation plan and indicative cost estimates related to ME activities1 A more detailed pro(ect Monitoring andEval0ation Plan $ill be presented in t/e Pro(ectQs Inception eport follo$ing a collective fine8t0ning of indicators, means of verification, and t/e f0ll definition of pro(ect staff ME responsibilities1

    Pro(ect Inception P/ase

    88. A Pro(ect Inception 4or6s/op $ill be cond0cted $it/ t/e f0ll participation of t/e PMU, relevantgovernment sta6e/olders, co8financing partners, t/e UNDP8>2 and representatives from t/e UNDP8GEFegional >oordinating Unit, as $ell as UNDP8GEF 3HCs5, as appropriate1

    89. An 0nderlying ob(ective of t/e Inception 4or6s/op 3I45 $ill be to assist t/e PMU to 0nderstand andta6e o$ners/ip of t/e pro(ect=s goals and ob(ectives, as $ell as finali@e preparation of t/e pro(ectQs firstann0al $or6 plan on t/e basis of t/e pro(ectQs logframe matri71 T/is $ill incl0de revie$ing t/e logframe3indicators, means of verification, ass0mptions5, imparting additional detail as needed, and on t/e basis of t/is e7ercise finali@e t/e Ann0al 4or6 Plan 3A4P5 $it/ precise and meas0rable performance indicators,

    and in a manner consistent $it/ t/e e7pected o0tcomes for t/e pro(ect1

    90. T/e concrete ob(ectives of t/e Inception 4or6s/op 3I45 $ill be to 3i5 introd0ce pro(ect staff to t/eUNDP8GEF e7panded team $/ic/ $ill s0pport t/e pro(ect d0ring its implementation, namely t/e UNDP8>2 and responsible UNDP8GEF staff# 3ii5 detail t/e roles, s0pport services and complementaryresponsibilities of UNDP8>2 and UNDP8GEF staff vis88vis t/e PMU# 3iii5 provide a detailed overvie$of UNDP8GEF reporting and monitoring and eval0ation 3ME5 re

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    38/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    92. A detailed sc/ed0le of pro(ect revie$ meetings $ill be developed by t/e pro(ect management, incons0ltation $it/ pro(ect implementation partners and sta6e/older representatives and incorporated in t/ePro(ect Inception eport1 S0c/ a sc/ed0le $ill incl0de 3i5 tentative time frames for Steering >ommitteeMeetings, relevant advisory and9or coordination mec/anisms and 3ii5 pro(ect related Monitoring andEval0ation activities1

    93. Day to day monitoring of implementation progress $ill be t/e responsibility of t/e Pro(ect Manager  based on t/e pro(ectQs Ann0al 4or6 Plan and its indicators1 T/e PMU $ill inform t/e UNDP8>2 of anydelays or diffic0lties faced d0ring implementation so t/at t/e appropriate s0pport or corrective meas0rescan be adopted in a timely and remedial fas/ion1

    94. T/e Pro(ect Manager and t/e UNDP8GEF Tec/nical Advisor 3based in UNDP8HC or egional>entre5 $ill fine8t0ne t/e progress and performance9impact indicators of t/e pro(ect in cons0ltation $it/t/e PMU $it/ s0pport from UNDP8>21 Specific targets for t/e first year implementation progressindicators toget/er $it/ t/eir means of verification $ill also be developed1 T/ese $ill be 0sed to assess$/et/er implementation is proceeding at t/e intended pace and in t/e rig/t direction and $ill form part of t/e Ann0al 4or6 Plan1 Targets and indicators for s0bse2 t/ro0g/ommittee 3PS>5 can also accompany, as decided by t/e PS>1 A Field isit eport $ill be prepared byt/e >2 and circ0lated $it/in one mont/ after t/e visit to t/e PMU, all PS> members, and UNDP8GEF1

    97. Ann0al Monitoring $ill occ0r t/ro0g/ t/e Ann0al evie$ of t/e UN Programme >oordinationGro0p 3P>G5 on S0stainable Development 3P>G8'51 T/e PMU $ill prepare an Ann0al Pro(ect eport3AP5 and t/e NPD s0bmits it to UNDP8>2 and t/e UNDP8GEF at least t$o $ee6s prior to t/e Ann0alevie$ of t/e P>G8'1

    98. T/e AP $ill /ig/lig/t policy iss0es and recommendations for t/e decision of t/e Ann0al evie$meeting1 T/e NPD also informs t/e participants of any agreement reac/ed by sta6e/olders d0ring t/eAP preparation on /o$ to resolve operational iss0es1 Separate revie$s of eac/ pro(ect component mayalso be cond0cted if necessary1

    99. T/e pro(ect $ill be s0b(ect to a Terminal Tripartite evie$ 3TT5 in t/e last year1 T/e TT is /eld int/e last mont/ of pro(ect operations, based on t/e Terminal eport 3see belo$51 T/e TT considers t/e

    implementation of t/e pro(ect as a $/ole, paying partic0lar attention to $/et/er t/e pro(ect /as ac/ievedits stated ob(ectives and contrib0ted to t/e broader environmental ob(ective1 It decides $/et/er anyactions are still necessary, partic0larly in relation to s0stainability of pro(ect res0lts, and acts as a ve/iclet/ro0g/ $/ic/ lessons learnt can feed into ot/er pro(ects 0nder implementation or form0lation1

    Pro(ect eporting

    100. T/e Pro(ect Manager in con(0nction $it/ t/e UNDP8GEF e7tended team $ill be responsible for t/e preparation and s0bmission of t/e follo$ing reports t/at form part of t/e monitoring process1

    +'

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    39/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

     Inception 7eport 8I7

    101. A Pro(ect Inception eport 3I5 $ill be prepared immediately follo$ing t/e Inception 4or6s/op3I451 It $ill incl0de a detailed First Rear Ann0al 4or6 Plan 3A4P5 divided in 2

    or HC, as $ell as time frames for meetings of t/e pro(ectQs decision ma6ing str0ct0res1 T/e I $ill alsoincl0de t/e detailed pro(ect b0dget for t/e first f0ll year of implementation, prepared on t/e basis of t/eA4P, and incl0ding any monitoring and eval0ation re2=s reporting process, as $ell as forming a 6ey inp0t to t/e Ann0al evie$0nder t/e frame$or6 of UN P>G8' Ann0al evie$1 An AP $ill reflect progress ac/ieved in meetingt/e pro(ectQs Ann0al 4or6 Plan and assess performance of t/e pro(ect in contrib0ting to intendedo0tcomes t/ro0g/ o0tp0ts and partners/ip $or61

    104. T/e format of t/e AP is fle7ible b0t s/o0ld incl0de t/e follo$ing

    • An analysis of pro(ect performance over t/e reporting period, incl0ding o0tp0ts prod0ced and,

    $/ere possible, information on t/e stat0s of t/e o0tcome

    • T/e constraints e7perienced in t/e progress to$ards res0lts and t/e reasons for t/ese

    • T/e t/ree 3at most5 ma(or constraints to ac/ievement of res0lts

    • A4P, >D, and ot/er e7pendit0re reports

    • essons learned

    • >lear recommendations for f0t0re orientation in addressing 6ey problems in lac6 of progress

     Pro2ect Implementation 7eview 8PI7

    105. T/e Pro(ect Implementation eport 3PI5 is an ann0al monitoring process mandated by t/e GEF1 It/as become an essential management and monitoring tool for pro(ect managers and offers t/e mainve/icle for e7tracting lessons from ongoing pro(ects1 2nce t/e pro(ect /as been 0nder implementation for a year, a PI m0st be completed d0ring t/e year 30ly80ne51

    106. T/e individ0al PIs are collected, revie$ed and analysed by t/e UNDP8GEF Advisor9Staff prior tosending t/em to t/e focal area cl0sters at t/e UNDP9GEF /eadentre5 play a 6ey role in t/isconsolidating analysis1

    107. T/e focal area PIs are t/en disc0ssed in t/e GEF Interagency Focal Area Tas6 Forces in or aro0nd November eac/ year and consolidated reports by focal area are collated by t/e GEF Independent MEUnit based on t/e Tas6 Force findings1

    +&

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    40/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

    108. T/e GEF ME Unit provides t/e scope and content of t/e PI1 In lig/t of t/e similarities of bot/AP and PI, UNDP9GEF /as prepared a /armoni@ed format for reference1

    109. It /as become an essential management and monitoring tool for pro(ect managers and offers t/e mainve/icle for e7tracting lessons from ongoing pro(ects1 2nce t/e pro(ect /as been 0nder implementation for 

    a year, t/e >2 m0st $or6 toget/er $it/ t/e pro(ect team to complete t/e PI1 T/e PI can be preparedany time d0ring t/e year 30ly80ne5 and ideally prior to t/e TP1 T/e PI co0ld t/en be lin6ed to t/eA4P 3avoiding overlap, contradictions# ens0ring complementarity5 and s/o0ld be disc0ssed in t/e TP sot/at t/e PI is agreed 0pon by t/e pro(ect, t/e e7ec0ting agency, UNDP >2 and t/e UNDP8GEF1

    9uarterl" Progress 7eports

    110. S/ort reports o0tlining main 0pdates in pro(ect progress $ill be provided o0ntry 2ffice and t/e UNDP8GEF by t/e PMU1

     Periodic 3!ematic 7eports

    111. D0ring its lifetime, t/e pro(ect $ill prod0ce tec/nical reports, ed0cation materials9p0blications,organi@e $or6s/ops and doc0ment e7perience9lessons learnt1 T/e UNDP8>2 $ill provide necessary

    s0pport, 0pon official re2 $ill allo$ reasonable timeframes for t/eir preparation1

     Pro2ect 3erminal 7eport 

    113. D0ring t/e last mont/s of t/e pro(ect, and at least t$o mont/s in advance of t/e TT, t/e PMU $ill prepare t/e pro(ect Terminal eport and s0bmit it to relevant involved parties, incl0ding UNDP8>2 and

    UNDP8GEF1 T/is compre/ensive report $ill s0mmari@e all activities, ac/ievements and o0tp0ts of t/ePro(ect, lessons learnt, ob(ectives met, or not ac/ieved, str0ct0res and systems implemented, etc1 It $illalso generate recommendations for any f0rt/er steps t/at may need to be ta6en to ens0re s0stainabilityand replicability of t/e Pro(ect=s activities1 It s/all be prepared in draft in order to allo$ revie$, and $illserve as t/e basis for disc0ssions in t/e TT 3see above51

    Independent Eval0ation

    T/e pro(ect $ill be s0b(ected to at least t$o independent e7ternal eval0ations as follo$s

     Midterm *valuation114. An independent Mid8Term Eval0ation $ill be 0nderta6en at t/e end of t/e second year of 

    implementation1 T/e Mid8Term Eval0ation $ill determine progress being made to$ards t/e ac/ievementof o0tcomes and $ill identify co0rse correction if needed1 It $ill foc0s on t/e effectiveness, efficiencyand timeliness of pro(ect implementation# $ill /ig/lig/t iss0es re2 based on g0idance from UNDP8GEF1

    *"

  • 8/18/2019 00059851 Nir Pops 02 Undp Prodoc (3) Doa

    41/70

    Final Draft 3 Ma !"#"

     )inal *valuation

    115. An independent Final Eval0ation $ill ta6e place t/ree mont/s prior to t/e terminal tripartite revie$meeting, and $ill foc0s on t/e same iss0es as t/e mid8term eval0ation1 T/e final eval0ation $ill also loo6 at impact and s0stainability of res0lts, incl0ding t/e contrib0tion to capacity development and t/eac/ievement of global environmental goals1 T/e Final Eval0ation s/o0ld also provide recommendationsfor follo$80p activities1 T/e Terms of eference for t/is eval0ation $ill be prepared by t/e UNDP8>2

     based on g0idance from UNDP8GEF1

    A0dit >la0se