5 Report Rajasthan

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2 Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Rajasthan

Government of Rajasthan

POST ENUMERATION SURVEY OF 5 PERCENT SAMPLE

CHECKING OF DISE DATA IN THREE DISTRICTS OF

CHURU, DUNGARPUR & JHALAWAR IN RAJASTHAN:

2010-11

DIRECTORATE OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS

GOVERNMENT OF RAJASTHAN YOJANA

BHAWAN JAIPUR

2011


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POST ENUMERATION SURVEY OF 5 PERCENT

SAMPLE CHECKING OF DISE DATA IN THREE

DISTRICTS OF CHURU, DUNGARPUR & JHALAWAR

IN RAJASTHAN: 2010-11

Submitted toDepartment of School Education, Government of

Rajasthan



BHAWAN JAIPUR

2011


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POST ENUMERATION SURVEY OF 5 PERCENT

SAMPLE CHECKING OF DISE DATA IN THREE

DISTRICTS OF CHURU, DUNGARPUR & JHALAWARIN RAJASTHAN: 2010-11

Submitted toDepartment of School Education, Government of

Rajasthan



BHAWAN JAIPUR

2011


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T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

Sl. No. Contents Page

No.1.0 Preface 62.0 List of Figures 73.0 List of Tables. 84.0 Abbreviations . 135.0 Executive Summary.. 146.0 Chapter 1 : Introduction. 236.1 The Status of Literacy and Education in India and Rajasthan 256.2 Socio-demographic Profile of Rajasthan & Districts 306.3 Status of Literacy and Education in Rajasthan and Districts.... 326.4 Objectives of the Study 407.0 Chapter 2 : Study Methodology 41

7.1 Study Design.. 427.2 Sampling Procedure. 427.3 Data Collection.. 427.4 Field Operations and Supervision 437.5 Scrutiny and Validation. 447.6 Data Entry and Analysis 448.0 Chapter 3 : Major Findings of Post Enumeration Survey. 459.0 Chapter 4 : Conclusions and Recommendations.. 7710.0 References . 8311.0 Annexures . 8511.1 Tables 86

11.2 Lists of Officials and personnel engaged In Data Collection,Supervision, Inspection, Scrutiny, Validation, Data Entry And

Tabulation..

124

11.3 List of Sampled Government and Private Schools in the threeselected districts, 2010-11

127

11.4 Five Percent Sample Check : Special DCF for Post EnumerationSurvey ..

142


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P R E F A C E

The Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan has

conducted a study and brought out a report on the Post Enumeration of 5

percent Sample Checking of DISE Data in three Districts of Churu, Dungarpur &

Jhalawar in Rajasthan : 2010-11. The publication is titled, Post Enumeration

of 5 percent Sample Checking of DISE Data in three Districts of Churu,

Dungarpur & Jhalawar in Rajasthan : 2010-11. This publication presents dataon findings of a 5 percent sample of schools of DISE data in three districts of

Rajasthan for the academic year 2010-11. It has also been compared with the

DISE DCF data on some selected indicators based on the availability of data

from both the sources.

I would like to take this opportunity to thank the officers and staff of

Directorate of Economics and Statistics for their cooperation, support, sincere

and dedicated efforts and the NGO, Jankalyan Evam Paryavaran Sudhar

Samiti, Jaipur for bringing out the third in the series of research publications

under the technical guidance of the Demographer from UNFPA.

(Suraj Mal Raigar)

Director-cum-Dy. SecretaryJaipur Directorate of Economics and StatisticsJuly, 2011 Rajasthan, Jaipur


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L I S T O F T A B L E S

Tables Particulars Page No.

Table 1 Literacy and Enrollment in Rajasthan and India 30

Table 2 Socio-Demographic Profile of the Districts in Rajasthanarranged in alphabetic order

32

Table 3 Percent of Female Literacy in the selected Districts inRajasthan arranged in alphabetic order (in percent),Census 2011

36

Table 4 Key Indicators from DISE, 2009-10 for Rajasthan andthe three selected districts

39

Table 5 Reference period of data of the three districts 42Table 6 Number of total and sampled schools in the three

selected districts of Rajasthan for the educational year2010-11

43

Table 7 Average number of schools per block in the three

selected districts of Rajasthan for the educational year2010-11

43

Table 8 Number of total and sampled schools in the threeselected districts of Rajasthan for the educational year2010-11

46

Table 9 Percentage of schools by management in the threeselected districts of Rajasthan for the educational year2010-11

47

Table 9 a Percentage variation between 5% PES and DISE data inSchool Management in the three selected districts ofRajasthan for the educational year 2010-11

48

Table 10 Percentage variation between 5 percent PES and DISEdata in School Type in the three selected districts of

Rajasthan for the educational year 2010-11

48

Table 11 Percentage variation between 5% PES and DISE data intotal enrolment in schools of the three selected districtsof Rajasthan for the educational year 2010-11

49

Table 12 Percentage variation between 5% PES and DISE data inPupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) in schools of the three selecteddistricts of Rajasthan for the educational year 2010-11

50

Table 13 Percentage variation between 5 percent PES and DISEdata in different facilities in schools of the three selecteddistricts of Rajasthan for the educational year 2010-11

51

Table 13a Total Enrolment by Gender in the three districts in 5%PES, 2009-10 and 2010-11

78

Table 14 Percentage SC and ST enrolled in the three districts in5% PES, 2009-10 & 2010-11 78


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L I S T O F T A B L E S (CONTD)Tables Particulars Page No.

Table 15 Percentage distribution of status of drop-outs in the threedistricts for the year 2010-11 and 2010-11 in PES

79

Table 16 Student-Classroom ratio and Pupil Teacher ratio in the three

districts for the year 2010-11 in PES

80

Table 17a Pass percentage of students in three districts for the year2009-10 in PES

80

Table 17b Pass percentage of students in three districts for the year2010-11 in PES

81

Table 18 Distribution of Schools by the status of posts filled upagainst posts sanctioned in Dungarpur, Churu and Jhalawarfor the year 2010-11 in PES

87

Table 19a Distribution of Schools by gender and category inDungarpur, Churu and Jhalawar for the year 2010-11 inPES

87

Table 19b Distribution of Schools by gender and category in the total ofthree districts for the year 2010-11 in PES(Contd)

88

Table 20a Percentage of teachers by gender and school category inDungarpur for the year 2010-11 in PES

89

Table 20b Percentage of teachers by gender and school category inChuru for the year 2010-11 in PES

89

Table 20c Percentage of teachers by gender and school category inJhalawar for the year 2010-11 in PES

90

Table 20d Percentage of teachers by gender and school category in thetotal of the three districts for the year 2010-11 in PES

90

Table 21 Percentage of teachers present on the day of survey in thethree districts for the year 2010-11 in PES

91

Table 22a Percentage distribution of Government schools by the status

of school building in the three districts for the year 2010-11in PES

91

Table 22b Percentage distribution of Private schools by the status ofschool building in the three districts for the year 2010-11 inPES

91

Table 22c Percentage distribution of schools by the type of schoolbuilding in the three districts for the year 2010-11 in PES

91

Table 22d Percentage distribution of schools by number and conditionsof classrooms for both Government and Private Schools inthe three districts for the year 2010-11 in PES (Govt. andPvt.)

92

Table 22e Percentage distribution of schools by number and conditionsof classrooms for both Government and Private Schools in

the three districts for the year 2010-11 in PES (Govt.)

92

Table 22f Percentage distribution of schools by number and conditionsof classrooms for both Government and Private Schools inthe three districts for the year 2010-11 in PES (Pvt.)

93

Table 22g Average number of rooms in schools for both Governmentand Private Schools in the three districts for the year 2010-11 in PES

93

Table 23a Percentage distribution of schools by presence of boundarywalls in Dungarpur district for the year 2010-11 in PES

94


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L I S T O F T A B L E S (CONTD)


Table 23b Percentage distribution of schools by presence ofboundary walls in Churu district for the year 2010-11

in PES

94

Table 23c Percentage distribution of schools by presence ofboundary walls in Jhalawar district for the year 2010-11 in PES

94

Table 23d Percentage distribution of schools by presence ofboundary walls in the three selected districts for the

year 2010-11 in PES

95

Table 24 Percentage distribution of schools by availability ofdifferent facilities in the three districts for the year2010-11 in PES

95

Table 25 Source of Drinking Water in Govt. and Pvt. Schools inthe three districts of Rajasthan in 5% PES, 2010-11

96

Table 25a Percentage distribution of schools by availability ofsource of drinking water in the three districts for the

year 2010-11 in PES

97

Table 26a Percentage distribution of schools by availability ofchairs for students in Dungarpur and Churu districtsfor the year 2010-11 in PES

97

Table 26b Percentage distribution of schools by availability ofchairs for students in Jhalawar and total of threedistricts for the year 2010-11 in PES

98

Table 27 Distribution of schools where single teacher is workingfor the year 2010-11 in PES

98

Table 27a Percentage Distribution of schools where singleteacher is working for the year 2010-11 in PES

98

Table 28 Percentage distribution of schools by educationalqualification of Head Masters/ Senior Teachers inthree districts for the year 2010-11 in PES

99

Table 29a Percentage distribution of schools by service length ofHead Masters/ Senior Teachers in Dungarpur andChuru districts by Government and Private Schoolsfor the year 2010

100

Table 29b Percentage distribution of schools by service length ofHead Masters/ Senior Teachers in Jhalawar and totalof three districts by Government and Private Schoolsfor the year 2010-11 in PES

100

Table 30a Percentage distribution of schools by years elapsed

since the establishment of the school in Dungarpurdistrict by Government and Private Schools for the

year 2010-11 in PES

101

Table 30b Percentage distribution of schools by years elapsedsince the establishment of the school in Churu districtby Government and Private Schools for the year 2010-11 in PES

101


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Table 30c Percentage distribution of schools by years elapsedsince the establishment of the school in Jhalawar

district by Government and Private Schools for theyear 2010-11 in PES

101

Table 30d Percentage distribution of schools by years elapsedsince the establishment of the school in the total ofthe three districts by Government and Private Schoolsfor the year 2010-11 in PES

101

Table 31 Percentage distribution of students upto upperprimary classes enrolled by gender, social category,disability and status of drop-outs in the three districtsfor the year 2009-10 in PES govt+pvt

102

Table 31 a Percentage distribution of students upto upperprimary classes enrolled by gender, social category,

disability and status of drop-outs in the three districtsfor the year 2009-10 in PES govt

102

Table 31 b Percentage distribution of students upto upperprimary classes enrolled by gender, social category,disability and status of drop-outs in the three districtsfor the year 2009-10 in PES pvt

103

Table 32 Percentage distribution of students upto upperprimary classes enrolled by gender, social category,disability and status of drop-outs in the three districtsfor the year 2010-11 in PES (govt + Pvt)

103

Table 32 a Percentage distribution of students upto upperprimary classes enrolled by gender, social category,

disability and status of drop-outs in the three districtsfor the year 2010-11 in PES (govt)

104

Table 32 b Percentage distribution of students upto upperprimary classes enrolled by gender, social category,disability and status of drop-outs in the three districtsfor the year 2010-11 in PES (Pvt)

105

Table 32c Genderwise and Social Categorywise studentsattendance on the survey day in Govt.Schools CurrentYear-2010-11

106

Table 32d Genderwise and Social Categorywise studentsattendance on the survey day in pvt Schools CurrentYear: 2010-11

107

Table 32e Genderwise and Social Categorywise studentsattendance on the survey day in Govt.+ pvt. SchoolsCurrent Year : 2010-11

108

Table 33a Genderwise and Social Categorywise studentsAttendance on the Examination Day of the AcademicYear 2009-10 (govt. +pvt)

109

Table 33b Genderwise and Social Categorywise students Annualexamination results of the Academic Year 2009-10(govt + pvt)

110


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Table 33c Genderwise and Social Categorywise studentsAttendance on the Examination Day of the AcademicYear 2009-10 (govt)

111

Table 33d Genderwise and Social Categorywise students Annualexamination results of the Academic Year 2009-10(govt.)

112

Table 33e Genderwise and Social Categorywise studentsAttendance on the Examination Day of the AcademicYear 2009-10 (pvt)

113

Table 33f Genderwise and Social Categorywise students Annualexamination results of the Academic Year 2009-10(pvt)

114

Table 34a Genderwise and Social Categorywise studentsAttendance on the Exam Day of Academic Year 2010-

11 (govt. + pvt)

115

Table 34b Genderwise and Social Categorywise students Annualexamination results of the Academic Year 2010-11(govt. + pvt)

116

Table 34c Genderwise and Social Categorywise studentsAttendance on the Exam Day of Academic Year 2010-11 (govt.)

117

Table 34d Genderwise and Social Categorywise students Annualexamination results of the Academic Year 2010-11(govt.)

118

Table 34e Genderwise and Social Categorywise studentsAttendance on the Exam Day of Academic Year 2010-11 (pvt)

119

Table 34f Genderwise and Social Categorywise students Annualexamination results of the Academic Year 2010-11(pvt)

120

Table 35 Genderwise and Social Categorywise studentsattendance on the day of survey in the academic year2010-11

121

Table 35a Genderwise and Social Categorywise studentsattendance on the day of survey in the academic year2010-11

122

Table 35b Genderwise and Social Categorywise studentsattendance on the day of survey in the academic year2010-11

122

Table 36 Other important aspects in the three selected districtsof Rajasthan for the educational year 2010-11 123


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A B B R E V I A T I O N S

BRC : Block Resource Centre

BSTC : Basic School Teachers Certificate

CRC : Cluster Resource Centre

DCF : Data Capture Format

DISE : District Information System for Education

DSO : District Statistical Office/r

EFA : Education for All

MDGs : Millennium Development Goals

NUEPA : National University of EducationalPlanning and Administration

PES : Post Enumeration Survey

PTR : Pupil Teacher Ratio

SC : Scheduled Caste

SSA : Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan

ST : Scheduled Tribe


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Executive Summary

Introduction to Rajasthan

Rajasthan is situated in the northern part of India. It is the largest State in

India by area constituting 10.4 percent of the total geographical area of Indiaand it accounts for 5.67 percent of population of India. Topographically,deserts in the State constitute a large chunk of the land mass, where thesettlements are scattered and the density of population is quite low. It isadministratively divided into 7 divisions, 33 districts, 244 Tehsils, 249Panchayat Samities, 9,177 Gram Panchayats, inhabited villages and 184urban local bodies as of Census 2011. The State has a population of 6.86 croreaccording to the provisional totals of Census 2011..According to the population projections by the technical group on populationprojections constituted by the National Commission on Population, population

Projections for India and States 2001-2026, the projected population ofRajasthan as on 1st July, 2012 is 6.9250 crore. The decadal growth rate ofpopulation of Rajasthan is 21.44 percent compared to 17.64 percent in case ofIndia. In Rajasthan, there is a considerable decline in the decadal growth ratefrom 28.41 during 1991-2001 to 21.44 during 2001-2011. In the last centuryand a decade (1901 to 2011), Rajasthans population has grown by more thansix times from 1.03 to 6.86 crore compared to Indias population, which hasseen a growth of more than five times, during the same period. The density ofpopulation of the State is quite low at 201 persons per sq. km. with large scaledistrict level variations of 17 persons per sq. km. in Jaisalmer to 598 personsper sq. km. in Jaipur. The States literacy rate stands at 67.06 percent. Theoverall sex ratio is of the tune of 926 females per 1,000 males and the sex ratioamongst the 0-6 year population is 883 females per 1,000 males. The sex ratioat birth in the State is also masculine in nature at 870 female births per 1,000male births, which is lower than that of India (904 female births per 1,000male births) (SRS, 2006-08). It is one of the High Focus States under NationalRural Health Mission (NRHM, 2005-2012).

Though, the State has shown some progress on the human development frontwith the human development index showing progress from a rank of 12 in1981 to 9 in 2001 amongst the 15 major States (National Human DevelopmentReport 2001), the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of health are farbehind the desired levels. The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), which is considered

to be one of the most sensitive indicators of human development lies at 59infant deaths per 1,000 live births compared to 50 per 1,000 live births in caseof India (SRS, 2009). The Maternal Mortality Ratio of the State is 318 maternaldeaths per 100,000 live births compared to 212 maternal deaths per 100,000live births in case of India (SRS, 2007-09). It ranks third highest amongst themajor States in India. The percentage of institutional deliveries is also dismallylow. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is also at a high level at 3.3 births perwoman compared to 2.6 at the all India level (SRS, 2008) making the NationalPopulation Policy (NPP) 2000 goal of reaching the replacement level of fertility


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of 2.1 TFR and population stabilization a far-fetched dream. According to theprojection report of Census 2001 with projections from 2001-2026, Rajasthanis projected to achieve replacement level TFR by 2021. The overall lifeexpectancy of the State is 62.0 years with 61.5 years for males and 62.3 yearsfor females (SRS based abridged life tables, 2002-2006). It has gained 12.8

years between 1970-75 and 2002-06 compared to 13.8 years gain in case of

India during the same period.

Background of the Study

The Directorate of Economics and Statistics has been commissioned toconduct a Study on the 5% post enumeration check of the DISE data. TheDistrict Statistical Officers (DSOs) and Statistical Assistants (SA) wereentrusted with the task of collecting data by canvassing a semi-structuredschedule called the special Data Capture Format (DCF). The reference periodfor the DISE data and the post enumeration survey (PES) are the same i.e.September 30, 2010 for the districts of Dungarpur, Churu and Jhalawar for

the year 2010-11. In the present report, data for the three districts of Churu,Dungarpur and Jhalawar for the year 2010-11 has been presented.

In total, 403 schools were covered in the three districts of Dungarpur, Churuand Jhalawar of Rajasthan. Out of which 306 were Government schools and97 schools were Private. The following findings are based on these 5% sampleof schools covered in Post Enumeration Survey of special DCF data. TwoPrivate schools were found to be closed on the day of survey. So, this data isbased on 401 schools, among which 306 were Govt. schools and 95 schoolsare private.

Percentage of variation between 5% PES and DISE data

There seems to be some variation between the regular DISE data captured bythe DISE DCF and the special DCF of PES data. The two data sets have beencompared on some indicators of school management, enrolment, pupil teacherratio and availability of certain facilities and it is observed that there isvariation between the two sets of data.

In case of availability of facilities in schools, the variation is 13.53 percent,19.25 percent, 2.29 percent for availability of playground, girls toilet andavailability of electricity in the schools respectively.

In case of the number of pupils and teachers in the three districts, thevariation in case of number of students ranges from 14.20 percent inDungarpur to 42.80 percent in Churu. This variation is higher in case ofprivate schools compared to Government schools. In case of teachers, thepercentage variation ranges from 10.60 percent in Jhalawar to 16.30 percentin Churu.


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The overall percentage of variation computed between the two sets of databased on the data from the above indicators available from the two sets of datareveals a variation of 0.26 percent.

Total Enrollment in the selected schools

Overall, in the three districts, the total enrollment upto upper primary in 2010-11 was 43,141, out of which 25,196 were boys and the rest 17,945 were girls.In Dungarpur district, the total enrollment upto upper primary in 2010-11 was15,875, out of which, 9,092 were boys and the rest 6,783 were girls. In Churudistrict, the total enrollment upto upper primary in 2010-11 was 13,695, outof which 8,327 were boys and the rest 5,368 were girls. In Jhalawar district,the total enrollment upto upper primary in 2010-11 was 13,327 out of which,7,039 were boys and the rest 6,288 were girls. Overall, in the three districtstotal enrollment upto upper primary in 2009-10 was 44,392 out of which24,358 were boys and the rest 20,034 were girls. In Dungarpur district, thetotal enrollment upto upper primary in 2009-10 was 14,127, out of which

7,659 were boys and rest 6,468 were girls. In Churu district, the totalenrollment upto upper primary in 2009-10 was 16,511, out of which 8,890were boys and the rest 7,621 were girls. In Jhalawar district, the totalenrollment upto upper primary in 2009-10 was 13,754, out of which, 7,809were boys and rest 5,945 were girls.

Enrollment of girls per 1,000 boys

Overall, in the three districts of Rajasthan, the number of girls enrolled per1,000 boys in 2009-10 was 822. Among the three districts this figure is 844 forDungarpur, 857 for Churu and 761 for Jhalawar. Overall, in the three districtsof Rajasthan, the number of girls per 1,000 boys enrolled in 2010-11 was 712.

Among the three districts, this figure was 746 for Dungarpur, 538 for Churuand 893 for Jhalawar. It is lowest in case of Churu as in case of the regularDISE DCF data. The data reveals that, the total number of girls enrolled per1,000 boys, in the three districts has decreased from 857 in 2009-10 to 538 in2010-11. The percentage decrease, in girls enrollment per 1,000 boys, ishighest in Churu district at 37.28 percent.

Enrollment of SC and ST

With regards to the enrollment by social category, the percentage of SC (16.88percent) enrollment is low, compared to ST and others in the total of the threedistricts in the year 2009-10. It has increased to 18.16 percent in 2010-11,which is a progressive sign.

Filled up position of Teachers

Overall, the percentage of teachers post filled up against the total postsanctioned in the three districts, is 84.21 percent, out of which, 90.46 percentteachers post filled up in private school and 80.35 percent in governmentschools. Overall, the percentage of teachers post filled up out of the total post


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sanctioned, is highest in Jhalawar 88.87 percent and lowest in Churu (79.12percent). In case of private schools, this figure is highest in Jhalawar (95.38percent) and lowest in Churu (83.90 percent). In case of government schools,this figure is highest in Jhalawar (84.17 percent) and lowest in Churu (76.62percent).

Type of schools for Girls or boys only or Co-education

Overall, in the three districts, 95.29 percent schools are Co-Ed, 1.49 percentschools are only for boys and rest 3.23 percent are only for girls. The highestpercent of Co-Ed schools was reported in Jhalawar (96.64 percent) and lowestin Churu (94.24 percent). The highest percent of schools which are only forboys is in Jhalawar (1.68 percent) and lowest in Dungarpur (1.38 percent).Similarly the highest percent of schools, which are only for girls, are in Churu(4.32 percent) and lowest in Jhalawar (1.68 percent).

Gender wise teachers employed

In the three districts overall, 63.87 percent male and 36.13 percent femaleteachers are working other than the headmaster. In primary, it is 62.31percent for male and 37.69 percent for female, whereas in upper primary, it is64.60 percent for male and 35.40 percent for female.

Teachers present on the day of survey

Overall, 76.07 percent teachers were present on the day of survey out of totalworking teachers. The highest percent of teachers were present in Dungarpurdistrict (84.89 percent) followed by Jhalawar (76.36 percent) and lowest was inChuru (67.39 percent).

Infrastructure facilities

With regards to the status of school building, in the Government schools of the3 districts, the highest percent of schools are functioning in governmentbuilding (95.75 percent) followed by government on rent (3.92 percent) andsome are without building (0.33 percent).

With regards to the status of school building, in the Private schools of the 3districts, the highest percent of schools are functioning in private on rent(65.26 percent) followed by Private building (34.74 percent).

Status of School Building

With regards to the type of school building, out of the total sample of 401schools in the three districts, 97.50 percent are pucca, 2.00 percent arepartially pucca and 0.50 percent are kuccha.


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Availability of rooms by condition

In Government Schools, out of the total rooms available in the school in the 3districts, 82.16 percent are in good condition, 10.88 percent need minorrepairs, 3.88 percent need major repairs and 3.08 percent are not in a usablecondition. In Private Schools, out of the total rooms available in the school in

the 3 districts, 97.21 percent are in good condition, 1.09 percent need minorrepair, 1.45 percent need major repair and 0.24 percent are not in a usablecondition. In total, out of total rooms available in 401 sampled schools in the 3districts, 86.54 percent are in good condition, 8.04 percent need minor repair,3.17 percent need major repair and 2.26 percent are not in a usable condition.Overall, in the 3 districts, the average number of classrooms is 5.1. This ishighest in Churu (5.7) followed by Dungarpur (5.3) and it is lowest in Jhalawar(4.0).

Availability of Boundary Walls

Overall, in the three districts, 47.68 percent Government school and 61.62percent private schools have permanent boundary walls in the schools. In caseof temporary boundary walls, it is 24.83 percent for Government schools and17.17 percent for private Schools, whereas in 27.48 percent Governmentschools and 21.21 percent private schools, no boundary wall is present.

Condition of a room in a school in Churu District


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Other Facilities available in schools

Playground

With regards to the availability of playgrounds in the schools, overall, 26.29percent Government and 10.07 percent private schools have this facility. For

Government schools, it is highest in Churu (38.89 percent) followed byJhalawar (22.03 percent) and lowest in Dungarpur (17.24 percent). For privateschools, the highest percent of schools in which playground facility isavailable, was in Churu district (15.97 percent) followed by Jhalawar (8.47percent) and lowest in case of Dungarpur (5.52 percent).

Girls and common toilet and separate toilet for teachers and other staff

It is evident that, out of the total sample of 401 schools, in 75.16 percentGovernment and 71.29 percent private schools girls toilets are available. Incase of Government schools, it is highest in Churu (87.96 percent) followed by

Jhalawar & Dungarpur (68.18 percent), whereas in case of private Schools, itis highest in Churu (83.33 percent) followed by Jhalawar (76.67 percent) andlowest in Dungarpur (54.29 percent).

Overall, in 3 districts 21.57 percent Government and 40.59 percent privateschools, separate toilet facility for teachers and other staff are available.

Percentage of Single Teacher Schools:

Out of the total sample of 401 schools, in 15.71 percent schools, only a singleteacher is working. It is highest in Dungarpur (19.31 percent) followed by

Jhalawar (17.09 percent) and lowest in Churu (10.79 percent).

Electricity

Out of the total sample of 401 schools, only in 34.64 percent Government and72.28 percent private schools electricity is available. In Dungarpur district, itis 27.27 percent for Government and 68.57 percent for private for Churudistrict, it is 53.70 percent for Government and 66.67 percent for privateSchools, Whereas, in case of Jhalawar district, it is 20.45 percent forGovernment and 83.33 percent for private schools.

Drinking water

Overall, in the 3 districts in 89.80 percent Government and 95.80 percentprivate Schools, drinking water facility is available. For Government schools, itis highest in Jhalawar (98.13 percent) followed by Jhalawar (89.65 percent)and it is lowest in Dungarpur (81.82 percent), whereas in case of privateSchools, it is highest in Jhalawar (100.00 percent) followed by Churu (100.00percent) and lowest in Dungarpur (88.57 percent). Out of the total sample of401 schools, the most popular source of drinking water in Governmentschools, is hand pump (47.06 percent) followed by tap water (22.55 percent)


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followed by others (17.32 percent) and lowest is well water (2.94 percent).Whereas in case of private Schools, tap water is the most popular source ofdrinking water (36.84 percent) schools, followed by hand pump (24.21 percent)followed by others (20.00 percent) and lowest is water well (14.74 percent).

Computer Facility

Out of the total sample of 401 schools, in 17.32 percent Government and41.58 percent private Schools, computer facility is available. In case ofGovernment schools it is highest in Dungarpur (19.09 percent) followed byChuru (18.52 percent) and lowest in Jhalawar (13.64 percent). In case ofprivate schools, it is highest in Dungarpur (48.57 percent), followed by

Jhalawar (46.67 percent) and it is lowest in Churu (30.56 percent).

Furniture

Overall, in the 3 districts in 61.34 percent Government schools, chairs are not

available to student followed by 34.19 percent schools where chairs areavailable to some students followed by 4.47 percent where chairs are availableto all students. Whereas in case of private schools, in 42.05 percent schoolswhere chairs are available to some students followed by 37.50 percent, wherechairs are not available to students, followed by 20.45 percent where chairsare available to all student.

Other Important aspects

Some other aspects, which were also investigated, are as follows:

Overall, in the 3 districts, in 100.00 percent government and 95.88

percent private schools, attendance register was properly maintained.

In the 3 districts, in 61.11 percent government and 56.70 percentprivate schools, school report card was available.

Overall, in the 3 districts, 97.39 percent government and 95.88 percentprivate schools were found to be maintaining records properly.

Overall, in the 3 districts, in 90.52 percent government and 90.72percent private schools, DISE format was available.

Overall, in the 3 districts, in 95.42 percent government and 26.80percent private schools, midday meal facility was available. Overall, inthe 3 districts, in 93.84 percent of schools, the quality of midday mealwas good, in 6.16 percent schools, the quality of midday meal wassatisfactory whereas in 0.00 percent schools, its quality was notsatisfactory in case of Government Schools. In case of Private schools in50.00 percent schools, the quality of midday meal was good, whereas in38.46 percent schools its quality was satisfactory and whereas in 11.54percent schools, its quality was not satisfactory.


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Overall, in the 3 districts, the Student-Class room ratio is, 20.75. Forgovernment schools, this ratio is 20.58, whereas for private schools, thisratio is 21.10. Among the three districts, this ratio is highest in Jhalawar(28.56) followed by Dungarpur (18.79) and lowest in Churu (17.97). For

government schools, this ratio is highest in Jhalawar (30.21) followed byDungarpur (18.45) and lowest in Churu (17.45).

For private schools, this ratio is highest in Jhalawar (25.93) followed byDungarpur (19.50) and lowest in Churu (19.12). Overall, in the 3districts, the Pupil Teacher ratio is 20.71. For government schools, thisratio is 21.94 whereas, for private schools, this ratio is 18.68. Among thethree districts, this ratio is highest, in Jhalawar (21.52) followed byDungarpur (21.94) and lowest in Churu (18.99). For governmentschools, this ratio is highest in Dungarpur (23.80) followed by Jhalawar(23.39) and lowest in Churu (19.37). For private schools, this ratio ishighest in Dungarpur (19.05) followed by Jhalawar (18.75) and it islowest in Churu (18.26).

Recommendations

The following are some of the recommendations based on field experience:

The system of DISE needs to be popularized by the School education

department by making it usable at the district administration level toidentify low performing panchayat samitis and panchayats and by theschools.

There needs to be periodic dissemination of data and feedback needs tobe taken from the community level.

Strict Monitoring of the DISE DCF formats needs to be done to ensurequality of data and reduce variation.

Glimpse of Midday Meal in Schools


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The DISE data should be made available in excel format on the website,so that further analysis could be done on it easily.

The focus needs to be on other indicators in addition to Gross and Netenrolment ratio.

The focus needs to be on girls enrolment as it has shown a decline.

The DISE Report cards are scantily available in private schools inJhalawar, which should be replenished.

The variation in the enrolment figures in the private schools in Churu is

quite high between the PES and DISE DCF. Proper reporting should beencouraged.


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Chapter 1


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Chapter 1 Introduction

Education is one of the most important factors influencing the development ofa nation. It is a decade, since the international community adopted the

following six Education for All (EFA) goals in Dakar, Senegal, during April 26-28, 2000:

1. expanding and improving comprehensive early childhood care andeducation, especially for the most vulnerable and disadvantagedchildren;

2. ensuring that by 2015 all children, particularly girls, children in difficultcircumstances and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have access toand complete free and compulsory primary education of good quality;

3.

ensuring that the learning needs of all young people and adults are met

through equitable access to appropriate learning and life skillsprogrammes;

4. achieving a 50 percent improvement in levels of adult literacy by 2015,especially for women, and equitable access to basic and continuingeducation for all adults;

5.

eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by2005, and achieving gender equality in education by 2015, with a focuson ensuring girls' full and equal access to and achievement in basiceducation of good quality;

6.

improving all aspects of the quality of education and ensuring excellenceof all so that recognized and measurable learning outcomes are achievedby all, especially in literacy, numeracy and essential life skills.

Worldwide consensus has been reached to declare Universalization of PrimaryEducation as the second MDG for achievement by 2015 only after eradicationof poverty, which is the first goal. As mandated by the 86th Amendment to theConstitution of India making free and compulsory elementary education tochildren of ages 6-14 a fundamental right, the Government of India launched ,the 'Education for All' (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan)'programme to achieve the goalof Universalization of Elementary Education of satisfactory quality by 2010. In

spite of significant achievements in education sector, there are many pitfalls.Most important constraints in the education system are quantitativeexpansion, increasing privatization particularly after the globalization in 1990and increase in inequality and exclusion of the vulnerable groups of populationin education. There are differences in similar data from two/three differentsources which actually are not available easily. It was strongly felt by thepolicy makers, planners and decision makers to make the data easilyaccessible and available in a more user friendly manner.


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The introduction of DISE educational Management and Information System isan innovative step in this direction. DISE is a system for the collection,integration, processing, maintenance and dissemination of data andinformation to support in decision making, policy analysis and formulation,planning, monitoring and management of data at all levels of an educationsystem.

The State Government is committed to achieving the national goals and hasbeen steadily increasing the budgetary allocation for education. The State hasalso made significant strides in higher and technical education.

The Status of Literacy and Education in India and Rajasthan

Education and Literacy are the two most important factors affecting theprogress of a nation and State. It is such an important indicator that it hasbeen agreed upon and focused by a collective of nations as the second mostimportant Millennium Development Goal out of the eight goals related to

poverty, health, women empowerment, environment sustainability and GlobalPartnership for Development.

Literacy rate in Census 2011 has been computed as the number of personsliterate 7 and above years of age. According to the provisional results ofCensus 2011, the literacy rate of India stands at 74.04 percent. Amongst allthe States, it is highest in case of Kerala (93.91 percent) and lowest in case ofBihar (63.82 percent). The literacy rate of Rajasthan is 67.06 percent. Thetotal, male and female literacy of Rajasthan are lower than the nationalaverage.


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Figure 1: Literacy Rates in India and Rajasthan by Gender, Census 2011

74.04

82.14

65.4667.06

80.51

52.66

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Total Male Female

India Rajasthan

Source : Census of India, 2011 (Provisional)

Gender-wise, there is a big gap between male and female literacy. In totalliteracy, Rajasthan ranks 33rdamongst the 35 states and union territories andin case of male and female literacy it ranks 27thand 35threspectively. Amongthe States, Rajasthan is at the bottom in terms of the female literacyrate (Figure 1, 2,3 & 4).


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Figure 2 : Total Literacy Rates in India, States and Union Territories,Census 2011

63.8266.9567.06

67.6367.66

68.7469.7270.6371.04

73.1873.4574.04

75.4875.6

76.6476.6877.0877.65

79.3179.6379.8580.1180.33

82.282.9183.78

86.2786.3486.4386.5587.0787.487.75

91.5892.28

93.91

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Bihar

Arunachal

PradeshRajasthan

Jharkhand

AndhraPradesh

Jammu

&

Kashmir

Uttar

Pradesh

MadhyaPradesh

Chhattisgarh

Assam

Orissa

INDIA

Meghalaya

Karnataka

Haryana

Punjab

West

BengalDadra

&

Nagar

Haveli

#

Gujarat

Uttarakhand

Manipur

Nagaland

Tamil

Nadu

Sikkim

Maharashtra

Himachal

Pradesh

Andaman

&

Nicobar

Islands

#

NCT

of

Delhi

#

Chandigarh

#

Puducherry

#

Daman

&

Diu

#

GoaTripura

Mizoram

Lakshadweep

#

Kerala

Source : Census 2011 Provisional#Union Territories and NCT


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Figure 3 : Male Literacy Rates in India, States and Union Territories,Census 2011

73.39

73.69

75.56

77.17

78.26

78.45

78.8179.24

80.51

80.53

81.45

81.48

82.14

82.4

82.67

82.85

83.29

85.38

86.46

86.4986.81

87.23

87.29

88.33

89.82

90.11

90.54

90.83

91.03

91.48

92.12

92.18

92.81

93.7296.02

96.11

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Bihar

ArunachalPradesh

AndhraPradesh

Meghalaya

Jammu&Kashmir

Jharkhand

Assam

UttarPradesh

Rajasthan

MadhyaPradesh

Chhattisgarh

Punjab

INDIA

Orissa

WestBengal

Karnataka

Nagaland

Haryana

Dadra&NagarHaveli#

Manipur

TamilNadu

Gujarat

Sikkim

Uttarakhand

Maharashtra

Andaman&NicobarIslands#

Chandigarh#

HimachalPradesh

NCTofDelhi #

Daman&Diu#

Puducherry#

Tripura

Goa

MizoramKerala

Lakshadweep#

Source : Census 2011 Provisional

#Union Territories and NCT


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Figure 4 : Female Literacy Rates in India, States and Union Territories,Census 2011

52.6653.33

56.2158.01

59.2659.5759.7460.0260.59

64.3665.4665.9366.7767.2768.13

70.770.7371.1671.34

73.1773.7873.86

75.4876.4376.676.69

79.5980.9381.2281.3881.8481.84

83.1588.2589.4

91.98

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Rajasthan

Bihar

JharkhandJammu

&

Kashmir

Uttar

Pradesh

Arunachal

Pradesh

AndhraPradesh

Madhya

Pradesh

Chhattisgarh

Orissa

INDIA

Dadra

&

Nagar

Haveli

#

Haryana

Assam

Karnataka

Uttarakhand

Gujarat

West

Bengal

Punjab

Manipur

Meghalaya

Tamil

Nadu

Maharashtra

Sikkim

Himachal

Pradesh

Nagaland

Daman

&

Diu

#

NCT

of

Delhi

#

Puducherry#

Chandigarh

#

Goa

Andaman

&

Nicobar

Islands

#

Tripura

Lakshadweep

#

Mizoram

Kerala

Source : Census 2011 Provisional#Union Territories and NCT

The Gross enrollment ratio for primary education for the period of 2009-10 inthe State is 117.07 compared to 115.63 in case of India according to the report

by NUEPA. The net enrollment ratio for primary education for the period of2009-10 in the State is 89.60 compared to 98.28 in case of India according tothe same report (Table 1).


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Table 1 : Literacy and Enrollment in Rajasthan and India

Indicators Year Rajasthan India

Literacy Rate (persons of age 7+)

Census 2011*

2011 67.06 74.04

Gross Enrollment Ratio(I-V class)

2009-10 117.07 115.63

Net Enrollment Ratio (I-V class) 2009-10 89.60 98.28

Sources: Census 2011 and DISE *Provisional totals of census 2011*Elementary Education in India, Progress towards UEE, Flash Statistics, DISE, 2009-10, NUEPA

Socio-demographic Profile of Rajasthan and Districts

Population

Rajasthan ranks eighth amongst all the States in India with a population of6.86 crore. Population in Rajasthan has increased from 1.03 crore in 1901 to6.86 crore in 2011 in a span of 110 years. It is projected to reach about 8.2crore by 2026. By another set of projections it is projected to reach 16.8 croreby 2101 under scenario A, where TFR is assumed to be at replacement level of2.1 and it is projected to be 14.7 crore under scenario B with a TFR of 1.851. Interms of decennial growth rate (2001-2011), Rajasthans growth rate (21.44percent) is higher than India (17.64 percent) (Census Info Version 2, ORGI,Government of India). Amongst the districts in Rajasthan, Jaipur is the largestby population at 66.63 lakh and Jaisalmer is the smallest at 6.72 lakh. Interms of decennial growth rate amongst the districts in Rajasthan, Barmer hasthe highest decennial growth rate (2001-11) of 32.55 percent and Gangangar

has the lowest decennial growth rate (10.06 percent).

Population Density in Rajasthan

Population density is the number of persons inhabiting in an area of one sq.km. According to Census 2011, the Population density of India is 382 personsper sq. km. Amongst the States in India, Bihar has the highest density ofpopulation at 1,102 persons per sq. km. and Arunachal Pradesh has thelowest density with 17 persons per sq. km. The population density ofRajasthan is 201 persons per sq.km, little less than half of that of India.Amongst the districts in Rajasthan, Jaipur is the densest with 598 persons persq.km. and Jaisalmer is the least dense with only 17 persons per sq.km. Thelow density of population in the State is also related to issues of servicedelivery.

1Source : The Future Population of India : A Long Range Demographic view, Population Foundation of India and Population Reference Bureau, 2007


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Rural-Urban Distribution

Residence in terms of rural or urban location is an important backgroundcharacteristic of a population. Urban areas usually have concentratedpopulation with better access to resources and facilities resulting in betterindicators. According to Census 2001, India has 72.2 percent rural population

and 27.8 percent urban population. Amongst all the States, Himachal Pradeshhas the highest percentage of rural population (90.2 percent) and Goa has theleast percentage of rural population at 50.2 percent. Goa is the most urbanizedState in India. In Rajasthan, the percentage of rural population (76.6 percent)is little higher than India. Amongst the districts in Rajasthan, Dungarpur hasthe highest percentage of rural population at 92.85 percent followed by Barmer(92.70 percent), Banswara (92.60 percent) and Jalore (92.41 percent). Kota hasthe lowest percentage of rural population at 46.54 percent followed by Jaipur(50.64 percent) and Ajmer (59.91 percent). Kota is the most urbanized districtin Rajasthan.

Population of Scheduled Castes (SC)

According to Census 2001, the percentage of scheduled castes in India is 16.2percent and the percentage of scheduled tribes is 8.2 percent of the totalpopulation. Amongst the States, Punjab has the highest SC population (28.9percent) and Mizoram has the lowest (0.03 percent). In case of ST population,Mizoram has the highest percentage (94.5 percent) and Goa has the lowestpercentage of ST (0.04 percent). Amongst the selected districts, Dungarpur isthe most populated with a population of 21.8 lakh constituting 3.9 percent ofthe total population and Jhalawar is the least populated with 5.0 lakhpopulation with 0.9 percent of the total population. Amongst these sixdistricts, Churu has the highest literacy rate (67.59 percent) and Dungarpur

has the lowest literacy rate (48.57 percent).

Population of Scheduled Tribes (ST)

According to Census 2001, Rajasthan has 17.2 percent SC and 12.6 percentST population. Amongst the districts in Rajasthan, Ganganagar has highestSC population (33.72 percent) and Dungarpur has the lowest (4.15 percent).Banswara has the highest percentage of ST population (72.3 percent) followedby Dungarpur (65.1 percent) and Udaipur (47.9 percent). The above threedistricts have the highest ST population. The district with the least percentageof ST is Nagaur (0.2 percent).

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

One of the most sensitive indicators of health of a nation namely IMR, which isan important indicator of the fourth MDG of reducing child mortality, is at ahigh level in the State. The MDG target 4A is to reduce by two-thirds, between1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate. The current IMR stands at 59infant deaths per 1,000 live births compared to 50 infant deaths per 1,000 livebirths for India (SRS, 2009). Amongst all the States, Madhya Pradesh has the


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highest IMR (70 infant deaths per 1,000 live births) and Manipur has thelowest IMR (14 infant deaths per 1,000 live births). The IMR in Rajasthan hasregistered a 42 percent decline from a high of 108 infant deaths per 1,000 livebirths in 1985 to this level.

Maternal Mortality Ratio(MMR)

One of the most important indicators of the fifth MDG of improving maternalhealth is the maternal mortality ratio. The MDG target 5A is to reduce bythree quarters (75 percent), between 1990 and 2015, the Maternal MortalityRatio. According to the latest special bulletin on maternal mortality, 2007-09,the MMR of India is 212 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births (95 percentConfidence Interval (CI) 198-226) and that of Rajasthan is 318 maternaldeaths per 100,000 live births (95 percent CI 251-384) (Special Bulletin onMaternal Mortality in India 2007-09, SRS, ORGI). Amongst the States in India,

Rajasthan ranks third after Assam (390 maternal deaths per 100,000 livebirths) followed by Uttar Pradesh/ Uttarakhand (359 maternal deaths per

100,000 live births). Kerala has the lowest MMR at 81 maternal deaths per100,000 live births amongst the bigger States. Rajasthan has registered adecline of 37 percent from 508 in 1997-98 to 318 in 2007-09 compared to 47percent in case of India during the same period from a high of 398 in 1997-98to 212 in 2007-09 (SRS, 2007-09). The eleventh plan goal is to achieve a levelof 148 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births for Rajasthan (Eleventh FiveYear Plan (2007-12), Vol. 2, Social Sector, Planning Commission).

Status of Literacy and Education in Rajasthan and Districts

As per the 2011 Census, Rajasthan recorded a literacy rate of 67.06 percent ascompared to 38.6 percent in the year 1991, registering a net absolute increase

of 29 percent during the decade 1991-2011. The subsequent figures for maleand female literacy rates are 75.7 and 43.9 percent respectively. Amongst thethree districts in Rajasthan, Churu has the highest literacy rate (67.46percent) and Dungarpur has the lowest literacy rate (60.78 percent) (Census2011).

Table 2 : Socio-Demographic Profile of the Districts in Rajasthan arrangedin alphabetic order

State/District

Population,Census2011 (in

lakh)

% of TotalPopulation

TotalLiteracy

Rate,

Census2011

MaleLiteracy

Rate,Census

2011

FemaleLiteracy

Rate,Census

2011

Area,Census2001 (in

1,000Sq. Km.)

PopulationDensity,Census2011

(Personsper Sq.Km.)

DecennialGrowth

Rate(2001-11)

(inpercent)

Rajasthan 686.21 - 67.06 80.51 52.66 342.2 201 21.44

Churu 2,0.41 2.98 67.46 79.95 54.25 16.8 148 20.35

Dungarpur 13.88 2.02 60.78 74.66 46.98 3.77 368 25.39

Jhalawar 14.11 2.06 62.13 76.47 47.06 6.22 227 19.57

Source : Census of India, 2011 Provisional


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Figure 5 : Total Literacy Rates in the Districts in Rajasthan, Census 2011(in %)

77.48

76.4474.72

72.98

71.6871.16

70.46

70.25

70.14

69.17

68.37

67.46

67.38

67.34

67.09

67.0666.19

65.92

64.08

63.93

63.23

62.74

62.71

62.51

62.46

62.31

62.13

60.7858.04

57.49

57.20

56.30

56.02

55.58

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00

Kota

JaipurJhunjhunun

Sikar

Alwar

Bharatpur

Ajmer

Ganganagar

Dhaulpur

Dausa

Hanumangarh

Churu

Baran

Karauli

Jodhpur

RajasthanS

Madhopur

Bikaner

Nagaur

Rajsamand

Pali

Udaipur

Bhilwara

Chittaurgarh

Tonk

Bundi

Jhalawar

Dungarpur

Jaisalmer

Barmer

Banswara

Pratapgarh*

Sirohi

Jalor

Source : Census 2011 Provisional*New district created after 2001 Census

The total literacy rate according to Census 2011 varies from 55.58 percent incase of Jalore district to 77.48 percent in case of Kota district.


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Figure 6 : Male Literacy Rates in the Districts in Rajasthan, Census 2011(%)

87.88

87.6387.27

86.66

85.7085.08

84.54

83.93

82.96

82.72

82.53

81.23

80.51

80.46

79.95

79.5279.33

78.90

78.82

78.27

78.16

77.74

77.16

76.90

76.52

76.47

75.91

74.6673.09

72.32

71.83

71.09

70.80

70.13

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00

Jhunjhunun

KotaJaipur

Sikar

Bharatpur

Alwar

Dausa

Ajmer

Karauli

SMadhopur

Dhaulpur

Baran

Rajasthan

Jodhpur

Churu

RajsamandGanganagar

Nagaur

Hanumangarh

Tonk

Pali

Chittaurgarh

Bhilwara

Bikaner

Bundi

Jhalawar

Udaipur

Dungarpur

Jaisalmer

Barmer

Jalor

Sirohi

Banswara

Pratapgarh*


The Male literacy rate according to Census 2011 varies from 70.13 percent incase of the newly formed Pratapgarh district to 87.88 percent in case of

Jhunjhunun district.


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Figure 7 : Female Literacy Rates in the Districts in Rajasthan, Census2011 (%)

66.32

64.6361.15

60.07

58.7656.91

56.78

56.42

55.45

54.63

54.25

53.77

52.66

52.57

52.48

52.3349.18

49.10

48.63

48.44

48.35

47.93

47.80

47.06

47.00

46.98

46.98

46.0143.47

42.40

41.03

40.23

40.12

38.73

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00

Kota

JaipurJhunjhunun

Ganganagar

Sikar

Hanumangarh

Alwar

Ajmer

Dhaulpur

Bharatpur

Churu

Bikaner

Rajasthan

Jodhpur

Baran

DausaKarauli

Udaipur

Nagaur

Rajsamand

Pali

Bhilwara

SMadhopur

Jhalawar

Bundi

Chittaurgarh

Dungarpur

Tonk

Banswara

Pratapgarh*

Barmer

Jaisalmer

Sirohi

Jalor


The Female literacy rate according to Census 2011 varies from 38.73 percentin case of Jalore district to 66.32 percent in case of Kota district.


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Table 3 : Percentage of Female Literacy in the selected Districts inRajasthan arranged in alphabetic order (in percent), Census 2011

Rajasthan/ District % of FemaleLiteracy,

Census 2011

Rajasthan 52.66

Churu 54.25

Dungarpur 46.98

Jhalawar 47.06

Source : Census of India, 2011 (Provisional)

The Net enrollment ratio for primary education is an MDG indicator, which hasincreased from 98.22 percent in 2006-07 to 99.25 percent in 2010-11. Thepupil teacher ratio has also declined from 45.54 percent in 2006-07 to 34.67percent in 2010-11. Observations reveal that female-male ratio in educationhas also been steadily improving over the years.

Figure 8 : Primary Education in Rajasthan, DISE, 2006-09 (in %)

Primary Education in Rajasthan, 2006-09

Sour ce: Distric t Info rm ation System for Educ ation , 2006-2009

The District-wise Net enrollment ratio (NER) for the educational year 2010-11reveals that the district with the highest NER is Jhunjhunu (99.99 percent)followed by Sikar (99.94 percent) and the lowest NER is observed in case of


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Jalore district (96.77 percent). The 2009-10 DISE report has not presented thefigures for Gross and Net Enrollment Ratio.

Figure 9 : Net Enrollment Ratio in districts of Rajasthan, DISE, 2008-09(in %)

Net Enrolment Ratio in districts, 2008-09

Lowest : Jalore

Rajasthan : 99.25

In %

Sou rce : Distric t Info rm atio n System for Educ atio n a s on Septe m ber 30, 2008, Shikshya Sankul, Jaipur


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Figure 10 : Trends in Gender-wise enrollment in Rajasthan, DISE, 2006-10 (in girls per 1,000 boys enrolled)

The trend in number of girls per thousand boys enrolled in the last four yearsfrom 2006-07 to 2009-10 reveals that there was a decline from 818 girls perthousand boys in 2006-07 to 813 in 2009-10, which has recently increased to874 girls per 1,000 boys in 2009-10 (Figure 10).


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Figure 11 : Literacy Rate of 15-24 year old in Rajasthan and India, Census2001 (in %)

Literacy R ate (1 5-24 y ear s), C ensus 2001

So u r c e s : C o m p u t e d f ro m C e n su s 20 0 1

In %India : Female l i teracy is higher

R ajasthan : M ale l i teracy is higher

As per the latest published DISE data for the educational year 2009-10 as ofSeptember 30, 2009 reveals that there are more than one lakh schools inRajasthan, in which there is a total enrollment of 12.64 million children in theprimary and upper primary category. The percentage of children who havepassed with greater than or equal to 60 percent in class V and class VIII are

57.48 percent and 51.15 percent respectively and the number of girls per1,000 boys enrolled is 827. Amongst the selected six districts, Dungarpur hasthe highest number of schools (2807) and Jhalawar has the lowest (2375). ThePupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR) is lowest in case of Dungarpur (30.63) and thehighest in case of Churu (41.16). The number of girls per 1,000 boys uptoeighth class is highest in case of Churu (1071) and Jhalawar (943) and lowestin case of Dungarpur (929) (Table 4).

Table 4 : Key Indicators from DISE, 2009-10 for Rajasthan and the threeselected districts

Source: Elementary Education in Rajasthan, DISE Report cards, 2009-10, Dept. of School Education,Rajasthan

Rajasthan/District

TotalClusters

TotalSchools

TotalEnrollment

TotalTeachers

PTR(Government)-Primary only

Passpercent(>=60

percent)Class V

Passpercent

(>=60percent)

ClassVIII

No. ofGirls

per1,000Boys

enrolled

Rajasthan 3,076 106,117 12,640,525 460198 33.77 57.48 51.15 827

Churu 79 2779 395511 14922 41.16 53.73 52.94 1071

Dungarpur 55 2807 274124 10036 30.63 39.76 28.03 929

Jhalawar 97 2375 278476 10174 31.14 46.55 43.72 943


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Objectives of the Study

The broad objectives of the present study are:

1. to verify and validate the data collected through DISE2. to study the usefulness of DISE data required for achieving the goal of

Primary and Higher Primary education3. to suggest appropriate measures for improving the quality of DISE data.


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Chapter 2


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Chapter 2 Study Methodology

Background

The Directorate of Economics and Statistics has been commissioned toconduct a Study on the 5% post enumeration check of the DISE data. TheDistrict Statistical Officers (DSOs) were entrusted with the task of collectingdata by canvassing a semi-structured schedule.

Reference Period

The reference period for the DISE data and the post enumeration survey (PES)are the same i.e. September 30, 2010 for the districts of Churu, Dungarpurand Jhalawar for the year 2010-11. In the present report, data for the threedistricts of Dungarpur, Churu and Jhalawar for the year 2010-11 have beenpresented.

Table 5 : Reference period of data of the three districts in Rajasthan

Sl.No.

District Reference Period

1 Churu 2010-112 Dungarpur 2010-113 Jhalawar 2010-11

Study Design

The guidelines for the study design and the name of the selected districts wasprovided by the Department of School Education, Government of Rajasthan,where it was suggested that 5 percent of Schools have to be selected from thethree selected districts of Churu, Dungarpur and Jhalawar.

Sampling Procedure

The study was planned to collect data from three districts covering 5 percent ofthe total primary and higher primary schools. The Department of SchoolEducation provided the list of Schools in the three districts of Dungarpur,Churu and Jhalawar to be covered in the Post Enumeration Survey. The totalnumber of schools in these three districts are to the tune of 6,400 out of which

7,961 (80.39 percent) are in the Government sector and 1,561 (19.61 percent)are in the Private sector. According to the sampling guideline, 5 percent of theschools were selected by systematic random sampling from the total schools.

Data Collection

The study was carried out in three districts of Rajasthan namely; Churu,Dungarpur and Jhalawar. In all, 7,961 schools are present in these threedistricts and 5 percent of these schools (403) have been selected by systematic


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random sampling after stratifying the schools as Government and Privateschools in the ratio of 75:25. In total, 306 Government schools and 97 privateschools have been covered in the survey.

In all, 403 schools have been selected from a total of 7,961 schools with 306Government Schools and 97 private schools, with 139 in Churu, 145 in

Dungarpur and 119 in Jhalawar. In all, 2 private schools were found to beclosed.

Table 6 : Number of total and sampled schools in the three selecteddistricts of Rajasthan

Sl.No.

District Total Sampled Schools

No. ofGovernment

Schools

No. ofPrivateSchools

TotalNo. of

Schools

No. ofGovernment

Schools


TotalNo. of

Schools

1 Churu 2003 776 2779 107 32 139

2 Dungarpur 2471 336 2807 110 35 1453 Jhalawar 1926 449 2375 89 30 119

Total 6400 1561 7961 306 97 403

As per the sampling guideline, in each district atleast 20 schools have beenselected per block and 5 percent of the total schools have been sampled. Inthese three districts, on an average 24 schools per block have been selected.

Table 7 : Average number of schools per block in the three selecteddistricts of Rajasthan for the educational year 2010-11

Sl.No.

District Numberof

Blocks

TotalSchools

GovtSchools

PvtSchools

AverageSchools

perblock

AverageSchools

per blockas persample

1 Dungarpur 5 2807 2471 336 561 292 Churu 6 2779 2003 776 463 233 Jhalawar 6 2375 1926 449 396 20

Total 17 7961 6400 1561 468 24

Field Operations and Supervision

The field work of post enumeration survey of DISE was conducted and

supervised by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics with the help of itswell trained statistical assistants and staff of different Departments in thedistrict. The field staff was given intensive training for one day before theinitiation of the field work. It helped in getting reliable data from the field. Thetraining was done in a cascade format. The master trainers trained at theDirectorate headquarters trained statistical assistants and other staff fromdifferent departments in the districts. Some of the filled in formats were spotchecked by designated Deputy Director, Statistical Officers of the Directorateand Statistical Officers in the Districts.


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Scrutiny of data and validation

The data was scrutinized and validated at the Directorate. The quality of dataunder PES was found to be of good order. The special DCF was constructed inline with the objectives of the study which was helpful in maintaining thequality of the data under PES. The quality of the data under PES was

maintained to a great extent due to the well versed field staff, computer staff ofthe Directorate and the overall co-operation of the headmasters and principals,BRC/CRC members and the officials of SSA unit.

Data Entry and Analysis

After the scrutiny of PES data, data entry was done in a customized data entrymodule in excel and tabulation was done in excel at the Directorate with thehelp of its well trained computer personnel. The tabulated data was comparedwith the comparative data from DISE from SSA division in the State and thepercentage of variation was computed for certain selected indicators.

Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted. Crosstabulations were donebetween different variables. In order to compare the data on some majorindicators available in the Special Data Capture Format (DCF) and the DCFused in DISE, variation was computed by simple deviation method, which wasused to estimate the deviation between DISE and PES data. The variationbetween the two data sets was calculated by using the following formula:

Where, DISE stands for data collected from the sampled schools from the DCF

used in DISE and PES stands for data collected from the sampled schools fromthe special DCF data.

The overall percentage of variation was computed by using the followingformula:

Where, d1,d2..dx stand for deviation of items of different indicators of DISEdata from PES (Post enumeration survey) data ignoring signs and

p1,p2,p3pn denote the respective items of indicators of PES data

The report consists of a comparative study of the PES and DISE data of thecertain indicators of education collected from the 5% sampled schools.

Percentage of Variation = X 100

X 100Overall Percentage of Variation =


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Chapter 3


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Chapter 3 Major Findings of the Post Enumeration Survey

In all, 403 schools were covered in the three districts of, Churu, Dungarpur andJhalawar of Rajasthan for the educational year 2010-11, out of which, 306 were

government schools and 97 were private schools. Out of this, 2 schools werefound to be closed. So, the findings are based on 401 schools, out of which, 306are Government schools and 95 are private schools. The major findings havebeen presented here alongwith the tables. In some places, they have beenillustrated with charts. The distribution of number of sampled schools and thosefound closed in the three districts are as follows:

Table 8 : Number of total and sampled schools in the three selected districtsof Rajasthan for the educational year 2010-11

Sl.No.

District Sampled Schools Data available for followingschools

Schools

Closed

No. ofGovernment

Schools


TotalNo. of

Schools

No. ofGovernment

Schools


TotalNo. of

Schools

1 Churu 107 32 139 107 32 139 02 Dungarpur 110 35 145 110 35 145 03 Jhalawar 89 30 119 89 28 117 2

Total 306 97 403 306 95 401 2

There seems to besome variationbetween theregular DISE datacaptured by theDISE DCF and thespecial DCF of PESdata. The two datasets have beencompared on someindicators ofenrolment, pupilteacher ratio andavailability of

certain facilitiesand it is observedthat there is

variation between the two sets of data.

Based on the data availability of DCF of DISE and the Special DCF of the 5%schools in all the three selected districts, some key aspects have been compared.One of them relates to the distribution of Schools by management and the otherrelates to the type of schools and some indicators related to different facilities in

5% sample checking Data Capture Format (DCF) beingcanvassed


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the schools. With regards to School management, large amount of variation hasbeen found between the two sets of data. In case of school management, thevariation is higher in case of private aided and private unaided schools, wherenone of the data is matching. The variation in the number of schools managed bylocal bodies is the maximum, with 1 school being reported by the survey (PES)compared to 130 schools reported by DISE DCF data.

Among the 3 selected districts, in Dungarpur district, the highest number ofschools are reported to be managed by the school education department (75.86percent) followed by private unaided (20.00 percent). Similarly, in Churu district,the highest number of schools are managed by school education department(69.78 percent) followed by private unaided (17.99) percent. In Jhalawar also, ithas been reported that the highest number of schools are managed by schooleducation department (70.59 percent) followed by private unaided (23.53percent).

School Management

Overall, the number schools managed by the school education department is

highest in Dungarpur (75.86 percent) and lowest in Churu (69.78 percent).Similarly, the number of schools managed by private unaided is highest in

Jhalawar (23.53 percent) and lowest in Churu (17.99 percent). The number ofschools managed by local bodies is highest in Churu (0.72 percent) and lowest in

Jhalawar (0.00 percent) (See Table 9).

Table 9 : Percentage of Schools by Management in the three selecteddistricts of Rajasthan for the educational year 2010-11 (%)

Schools by Management ChuruDungarpurJhalawar Total

School EducationDepartment 69.78 75.86 70.59 72.20

Tribal WelfareDepartment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Local Body 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.25

Private Aided 5.04 0.00 0.00 1.74

Other 6.47 4.14 4.20 4.96

Unrecognized 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Private unaided 17.99 20.00 23.53 20.35

Schools reported to beclosed 0.00 0.00 1.68 0.50

Total 139 145 145 403


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Table 9a : Percentage variation between 5% PES and DISE data in SchoolManagement in the three selected districts of Rajasthan for the educational

year 2010-11

Schools byManagement

Churu Dungarpur Jhalawar Total

PES DISE%

Variation PESDISE% Variation PESDISE % VariationPES DISE%

Variation

School EducationDepartment 97 65 33.0 110 31 71.8 84 51 39.3 291 147 49.5

Tribal WelfareDepartment 0 3 - 0 0 - 0 0 - 0 3 -

Local Body* 1 24 -2300.0 0 73 - 0 33 - 1 130 -12900.0

Private Aided 7 4 42.9 0 0 - 0 - 7 4 42.9

Other 9 16 -77.8 6 6 0.0 5 5 0.0 20 27 -35.0

Unrecognized 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 - 0 0 -

Private unaided 25 24 - 29 35 - 28 28 0.0 28 87 -210.7

Schools reportedto be closed 0 3 - 0 - 2 2 0.0 2 5 -150.0

Total 139 139 0.0 145 145 0.0 119 119 0.0 403 403 0.0

*This large scale discrepancy is due to the fact that, the survey has been carriedout according to the reference date of as on September 30, 2010, when all the

schools were under School Education Department and subsequently, a circular hasbeen issued by the Govt. of Rajasthan on October 2, 2010 for devolution of PrimaryEducation (one of the 29 functions of listed in the eleventh schedule of theconstitution of India) to the Local bodies.

Variation is also observed with respect to school type with 177 primary schoolsbeing reported by PES compared to 167 schools reported in DISE data (See table9a).

Table 10 : Percentage variation between 5 percent PES and DISE data inSchool Type in the three selected districts of Rajasthan for the educational

year 2010-11

School type


PES DISE

%Variatio

n PESDISE

%Variatio

n PES DISE

%Variatio

n PES DISE%

Variation

Primary 36 35 2.8 90 89 1.1 44 43 2.3 170 167 1.8

Primary withupper primary 59 59 0.0 47 49 -4.3 55 56 -1.8 161 164 -1.9

Primary withSecondary 22 21 4.5 3 3 0.0 14 14 0.0 39 38 2.6

Upper primarywithSecondary 21 20 4.8 4 3 25.0 4 4 0.0 22 27 -22.7

Upper primaryonly 1 1 0.0 1 1 0.0 0 0 - 9 2 77.8

Schoolsreported to beclosed 0 3 - 0 0 - 2 2 0.0 2 5 -150.0

Total 139 139 0.0 145 145 0.0 119 119 0.0 403 403 0.0

In case of the number of pupils and teachers in the three districts, the variationin case of number of students, ranges from 14.20 percent in case of Dungarpur


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to 42.80 percent in Churu and in case of number of teachers, 10.60 percent incase of Jhalawar to 16.30 percent in case of Churu (See table 11 & 12).

Table 11 : Percentage variation between 5% PES and DISE data in totalenrolment in schools of the three selected districts of Rajasthan for the

educational year 2010-11

Districts

PES DISE % of variation

Govt. Pvt. Total Govt. Pvt. Total Govt. Pvt. Total

Churu 9098 4841 13939 10657 13691 24348 -14.6 -64.6 -42.8

Dungarpur 10443 5432 15875 9423 4479 13902 10.8 21.3 14.2

Jhalawar 8730 4597 13327 9254 7362 16616 -5.7 -37.6 -19.8

Total 28271 14870 43141 29334 25532 54866 -3.6 -41.8 -21.4

Students in Classroom


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Table 12 : Percentage variation between 5% PES and DISE data in PupilTeacher Ratio (PTR) in schools of the three selected districts of Rajasthan

for the educational year 2010-11

PTRPES DISE % Variation

Govt. Pvt. Total Govt. Pvt. Total Govt. Pvt. Total

Churu

Total Students9098 4841 13939 10657 13691 24348 -14.6 -64.6 -42.8

Total Teachers509 267 776 438 229 667 16.2 16.6 16.3

PTR 17.87 18.13 17.96 24.33 59.78 36.5 -26.6 -69.7 -50.8

Dungarpur

Total Students10443 5432 15875 9423 4479 13902 10.8 21.3 14.2

Total Teachers403 259 662 330 268 598 22.1 -3.4 10.7

PTR 25.91 20.97 23.98 28.55 16.71 23.24 -9.2 25.5 3.2

Jhalawar

Total Students

8730 4597 13327 9254 7362 16616 -5.7 -37.6 -19.8

Total Teachers385 260 645 349 234 583 10.3 11.1 10.6

PTR 22.68 17.68 20.66 26.51 31.46 28.5 -14.4 -43.8 -27.5

Total of 3districts

Total Students28271 14870 43141 29334 25532 54866 -3.6 -41.8 -21.4

Total Teachers1297 786 2083 1117 731 1848 16.1 7.5 12.7

PTR 21.8 18.92 20.71 26.26 34.93 29.68 -17.0 -45.8 -30.2

In case of availability of facilities in schools, the variation is 19.25 percent, 2.29

percent, 13.53 percent availability of electricity, availability of playground in theschools respectively (See table 13).


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Table 13 : Percentage variation between 5 percent PES and DISE data indifferent facilities in schools of the three selected districts of Rajasthan for

the educational year 2010-11


PES DISE%

variation PES DISE%

variation PES DISE%

variation PES DISE%

variation

Number of

schools inwhichplayground isavailable 79 71 11.27 33 49 -32.65 35 50 -30.00 147 170 -13.53

Number ofschools inwhichgirlstoilet isavailable* 125 133 -6.02 94 131 -28.24 83 110 -24.55 302 374 -19.25

Number ofschools inwhichelectricityis

available 82 81 1.23 54 48 12.50 43 46 -6.52 179 175 2.29Number ofSchoolsreportedto beclosed 0 3 -100.00 0 2 2 0.00 2 5 -60.00

Total no.of schools 139 139 0.00 145 145 0.00 119 119 0.00 403 403 0.00

The overall percentage of variation between the two sets of data based on theabove indicators is 0.26 percent. The key findings of the data of five percentsample checking of the Post Enumeration Survey on various aspects such as

school management, gender and category based distribution of schools, schoolbuilding type and condition, total number of classrooms and other rooms bycondition, availability of facilities in schools, enrollment and examination resultsetc. have been presented in this chapter. The findings are based on a total of 401schools covered in these three districts.

Status of Teachers Posts

Overall, the percentage of posts of teachers filled up against the total sanctionedpost in the three districts is 84.21 percent, in case of Government and Privateschools, 90.46 percent of the teachers post is filled up in private schools and

80.35 percent in Government schools (See Table 18).

In Dungarpur district, it is reported that a total of 85.80 percent post of teachersare filled up, out of which, 92.28 percent are filled in private schools and 81.64percent in government Schools out of total post sanctioned. In Churu district, itis reported that, a total of 79.12 percent teachers post are filled up, out of which83.90 percent are filled in private schools and 76.62 percent are filled ingovernment schools, out of total post sanctioned. In Jhalawar district, it isreported that a total 88.87 percent teachers post are filled up, out of which,


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95.38 percent are filled in private schools and 84.17 percent in governmentschools, out of total post sanctioned. Overall, the percentage of teachers postfilled up, out of total post sanctioned, is highest in Jhalawar (88.87 percent) andlowest in Churu (79.12 percent). Amongst the private schools, it is highest in

Jhalawar (95.38 percent) and lowest in Churu (83.90 percent). Amongst theGovernment schools, it is highest in Jhalawar (84.17 percent) and lowest inChuru (76.62 percent).

Gender and category based distribution of schools

Overall, in the three districts, 96.01 percent schools are Co-ed, 1.25 percentschools are only for boys and rest 2.74 percent are only for girls. The highestpercent of Co-ed schools are in Dungarpur (97.93 percent) and lowest in

Jhalawar (94.87 percent). The highest percent of schools which are only for boys,is in Jhalawar (1.71 percent) and lowest in Dungarpur (0.69 percent). Similarly,the highest percent of schools, which are only for girls, are in Churu (3.60percent) and lowest in Dungarpur (1.38 percent). Among the schools havingprimary classes only, 98.24 percent schools are Co-ed, 0.00 percent schools areonly for boys and 1.76 percent schools are only for girls. Among the schools

having primary with upper primary, 95.09 percent schools are Co-ed, 1.86percent schools are only for boys and 3.11 percent schools are only for girls.Among the schools having primary with secondary classes, 97.44 percent schoolsare Co-ed, 0.00 percent schools are only for boys and 2.56 percent schools areonly for girls. Among the schools having upper primary with secondary, 77.78percent schools are Co-ed, 0.00 percent schools are only for boys and 22.22percent schools are only for girls. Among the schools having upper primary only,90.91 percent schools are Co-ed, 9.09 percent schools are only for boys and 0.00percent schools are only for girls (See table 19a and 19b).

Among the three districts, in Dungarpurdistrict, 97.93 percent schools are Co-ed, 0.69 percent schools are only for boys and 1.38 percent schools are only forgirls. Among the schools having primary only, 100.00 percent schools are Co-ed.Among the schools having primary with upper primary, 97.87 percent schoolsare Co-ed. Among the schools having primary with secondary, 66.67 percentschools are Co-ed, 33.33 percent schools are only for girls. Among the schoolshaving upper primary with secondary 75.00 percent schools are Co-ed, 0.00schools are only for boys and 25.00 percent schools are only for girls. Among theschools having upper primary only, 100.00 percent schools are Co-ed. In Churudistrict, 94.96 percent schools are Co-ed, 1.44 percent schools are only for boysand 3.60 percent schools are only for girls. Among the schools having primaryonly, 97.22 percent schools are Co-ed and 2.78 percent schools are only for girls.Among the schools having primary with upper primary, 94.92 percent schools

are Co-ed, 0.00 percent schools are only for boys and 5.08 percent schools areonly for girls. Among the schools having primary with secondary, 100.00 percentschools are Co-ed. Among the schools having upper primary with secondary,100.00 percent schools are only for boys. Among the schools having upperprimary only, 90.48 percent schools are Co-ed and 9.52 percent schools are onlyfor boys. In Jhalawar district, 94.87 percent schools are Co-ed, 1.71 percentschools are only for boys and 3.42 percent schools are only for girls. Among theschools having primary only, 95.45 percent schools are Co-ed and 0.00 percentschool are only for boys & 4.55 percent schools are only for girls. Among the


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schools having primary with upper primary, 92.73 percent schools are co-ed,3.64 percent schools are only for boys and 3.64 percent schools are only for girls.Among the schools having primary with secondary, 100.00 percent schools areCo-ed. Among the schools having upper primary with secondary classes, 100.00percent schools are Co-ed and 0.00 percent schools are only for boys and 0.00percent schools are only for girls. Among the schools having upper primary only0.00 percent schools are Co-ed and 0.00 percent schools are only for boys.

Gender-wise permanent and other staff in schools

In the three districts, overall, 63.87 percent male and 36.13 percent femaleteachers are working other than the headmaster. In primary schools, it is 62.31percent for males and 37.69 percent for females, whereas in upper primary, it is64.60 percent for males and 35.40 percent for females. Similarly, in the threedistricts overall, 76.69 percent male and 23.31 percent females are working aspara teachers. In primary schools, it is 72.58 percent for males and 27.42percent for females, whereas in upper primary, it is 80.28 percent for males and19.72 percent for females (See table 20a, 20b, 20c and 20d).

Among the three districts,in Dungarpurdistrict overall, 55.32 percent male and44.68 percent female teachers are working other than the headmaster. Inprimary schools, it is 54.76 percent for males and 45.24 percent for females,whereas in upper primary schools, it is 55.77 percent for males and 44.23percent for females.

Similarly, in Dungarpur district overall, 50.00 percent male and 50.00 percentfemales are working as a para teacher. In primary, it is 56.25 percent for maleand 43.75 percent for female, whereas in upper primary, it is 37.50 percent and62.50 percent respectively. In Churu district overall, 72.28 percent male and27.72 percent female teachers are working other than headmaster. In primary, itis 68.69 percent for male and 31.31 percent for fe

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5 Report Rajasthan