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Directrice de publication : Valrie Brard-Trigo

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BTS Informatique de gestion

1reanne

Lesley Stewart

Anglais

Lexique, transcriptions et informations

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Presenting companies, department and jobs

Sommaire

Conseils pour apprendre du vocabulaire 04

Unit 1 : Presenting companies, departments and jobs 05

Lexique 05

Transcriptions 09

Unit 2 : IT evolution: problems and solutions 13

Lexique 13

Transcriptions 17

Unit 3 : Intra & inter...net 21

Lexique 21

Transcriptions 26

Unit 4 : Security, security, security 29

Lexique 29

Transcriptions 34

Unit 5 : Storage and outsourcing 39

Lexique 39

Transcriptions 44

Unit 6 : Software and sales 49

Lexique 49

Transcriptions 53

Info files 57

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Conseils pour apprendre du vocabulaire

Essayez de toujours comprendre le vocabulaire dans son contexte. Faites si possible votrepropre rpertoire de vocabulaire, et groupez les mots par thme. Inventez des phrasestypes pour retrouver ces mots / expressions dans des contextes logiques et personnaliss.

Indiquez sil sagit dun verbe, dun nom, dun adjectif, etc. Pour les noms, les adjectifs etles adverbes, cherchez et notez les formes irrgulires et les antonymes (sils existent !).

Exemple pour le thme transport

bus bus (n)

coach car (n)

car voiture (n)

to drive (v) a car conduire une voiture

old (adj) ancien

new (adj) neuf

driver (n) conducteur

petrol (n) essence

pass (n) abonnement / billet (hebdomadaire / mensuel / annuel etc.)

A very old / new (adj) car. une voiture trs ancienne / neuve.

Petrol is very expensive today. lessence est trs chre aujourdhui.

Yearly underground pass. un abonnement annuel de mtro.

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Unit 1

Presenting companies,departments and jobs

Lexique

A

abroad ltranger

agree (with) tre daccord (avec)

anti-lock braking system ABS (automobile)

apologise (for) sexcuser

apply (for) postuler () / poser une candidature (pour)

approve (of) approuver

as a result en consquence

ask (for) demander

average moyen(ne)

aware (of) tre conscient (de)

B

become devenir

belong (to) appartenir ()

boost propulser / hausser / faire remonter en flche

brand name marque

broken down tomb(e) en panne

business trips voyages daffaires

C

cheap pas cher

check vrifiercommonly couramment / frquemment

company entreprise

computer ordinateur

conduct mener / diriger

confer (with) confrer / accorder ()

consumer consommateur

convenient pratique / commode

country pays

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D

deadline date butoir / limitedelay retard

department service

depend (on) dpendre (de)

digital numrique

discrepancy divergence / contradiction / dcalage / diffrence

dust poussire

duties devoirs / tches / besognes

Eeasy going complaisant

entertainement divertissement

expenses des fraisexpensive cher(e) / coteux

Ffactory usine

found crer / fonder ( une socit)

founder crateur / fondateur (pour une socit)

fall behind tre la trane / se laisser distancer

focus (on) se concentrer sur

forefront la pointe de

Ggoals buts

a great deal (of) beaucoup (de)

green light feu vert

growth dveloppement / croissance / expansion

Hhandle soccuper de quelque chose

hardly ever presque jamais

household name marque trs connue

I

in addiction (to) en plus (de)increase monter / accrotre / augmenter

issue problme / question

Jjob interview entretien pour un travail

Kkeep garder

keyboard clavier

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Presenting companies, departments and jobs

L

laptop ordinateur portablelaunch lancer (une socit, une opration)

link lien

lions share la part du lion

long-range long terme

Mmain principal

maintain garder

management la direction (dune entreprise)

manufacture fabriquer

means of transport moyen(s) de transport

meeting runion

metal housing botier mtallique

mistake erreur

most of the time la plupart du temps

Nneeds besoins

network rseau

never jamais

O

often souventon land sur terre

on water sur leau

oversee superviser

overtime heures supplmentaires

own possder

Ppatent brevet

proficient comptent

provide fournir

Rrank classer

rate vitesse / rythme / taux

relationships rapports

rely (on) compter sur qqn / qqe chose

remain rester / continuer

remotely distance

replicated reproduit

requirements besoins

resign (from) donner sa dmission (de)

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rising qui monte

running qui fonctionne

Ssensitive sensible

several plusieurs

share (v) partager

shares (n) des actions / parts dune socit

size taille

skill comptence

smoothly sans -coups

sometimes des fois

speed vitesse

staff personnelstar toile

stay abreast (of) rester la hauteur de

stem (from) provenir (de) / dcouler (de) / dnuer (de)

stock exchange la Bourse

sub-contractor sous-traitant

subsidiaries filiales

succeed (in doing) russir ( faire)

suppliers fournisseurs

Tthanks to grce

tight budget budget serr

tightly troitement

timeframes dlais

trade union syndicat

trading opration commerciale / transaction

turnover chiffre daffaires

Uusually dhabitude

W

working hours horaires de travailworldwide mondial(e)

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LISTENING 1 Presenting and IS department D02

Interviewer: Could you tell me a little about the way your IS department is organised?

IS manager: OK. Ill try. Our organisation is really split into 2 dimensions. One is linked to

geographical regions, and the other is linked to the technology we cover. From

a geographical point of view, were organised like most large companies.

There are 3 main geographical regions; Europe, the Americas and the Greater

Asia Region. There are sub-divisions within these regions. The European sector

for example is sub-divided into 4 areas, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North

Europe and the Mediterranean.

Interviewer: Okay. Like you say, its a fairly traditional organisation. What about the technicaldimension?

IS manager: From the technological point of view ... well, Im not very familiar with the way

specific applications are handled, because Im part of the global infrastructure

team. This team is broken down into 3 or 4 areas, ( as sometimes 2 areas are

mixed together).

Generally speaking, there is the Work Station and Help Desk Area, the Server

Area and the Telecom Area. . And these areas are broken down again into

different specialised units.

Interviewer: Okay so far. . Perhaps you could describe one of these areas in a little more

detail.

IS manager: Ehm If I focus on the way the telecom area is organised, for example. .

There are 4 specialised units. The data network, thats your personal computer

with internet access, connection to one or more serverseh .well connection

to whatever device there is on the network. We also have the voice network,

everything thats related to voice. The voice area includes, of course, the phone

system but also what we call the conference call bridge, mobile... mobile phones,

and also the link with videoconferencing and IP phones.

Interviewer: Sorry Whats the difference between conference call bridges and

videoconferencing?

IS manager: Well, Conference Call Bridge is audio only. . There can be a certain number of

participants together in the same virtual room, and everyone can speak at the

same timewell, hopefully not everyone at the same time.

Interviewer: Yes, it could get really confusing.

IS manager: Yeah, but usually its OK. We are really used to doing this as we spend a lot of

time in meetings, and when I say meetings, most of the time I mean virtual ones.

Its cost saving. So, for this we use tools like conference call bridges; either in-

house devices which we manage ourselves or tools we buy outside... sometimes

we buy the service outside. Eh, Ive spoken about the Data Network and the

Voice Network, there is also the External Access Network. This is the core LAN

network with connection to the outside world. Our users, whether they are in the

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field or at home, need to connect remotely with the company for information

or to access e-mails, etc. So, for this there are special devices and services.Interviewer: When you say users, do you mean customers?

IS manager: No, I mean employees, for example field engineers. This external access area

also covers communication with our partners. Third parties which need to be

connected to the company network, for example, the payroll system, which isnt

in-house. It needs to be connected up to the company network. This is part of the

external access area because it has to pass through firewalls and there is a high

level of security and checks. Some people in the department are specialised in this

area. The 4tharea of telecom is monitoring. Monitoring is fairly self-explanatory.

Thats how we keep a check on all the systems we are responsible for, everything

that keeps a check on the health of our network. So there you have it; Voice

Network, Data Network, External Access and Monitoring. We are organised insuch a way that this multi-dimensional organisation is replicated at all levels.

What I mean is that there is one person globally responsible for each network,

Voice, Data, etc., but there is also someone responsible for each network in every

region. In that way we can assure that the same type of service or request is dealt

with identically in each region and that there are no discrepancies.

For example in the External Access Area where we use firewalls, there is special

hardware and software and its important that we are using the same equipment

worldwide. This is possible because there is one person with worldwide

responsibility in this area, as well as one for each geographical region and the

message is the same for everyone. Its really a top-down approach to retain

consistency throughout.

Here, in Europe, we have very few IS specialists in each country. For example, I

have no telecom people in the other countries that Im responsible for.

Interviewer: Right. Does that mean you send specialists from this department to install new

systems or solve a problem which has to be dealt with in another country?

IS manager: No, no. Network is something that we can cope with remotely in all cases.

Interviewer: Even the hardware?

IS manager: Yes, even the hardware. We have suppliers who can go on-site to solve a problem

in an emergency. If the problem is not urgent then we can send devices from

here and the people over there, the first level support, just screw it in. They

know how to patch. We trust them and theyre doing a good job. We rely onthem.

Eh.., I think Ive covered just about everything, eh thats basically how our IS

Department is organised.

Interviewer: Great. Thanks very much for the explanation. .

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LISTENING 2 An IS managers typical day D03

Interviewer: Perhaps I could ask you some questions about your job and your daily routine?

IS manager: Yes, of course. What would you like to know?

Interviewer: Perhaps we could start with a description of your typical day.

IS manager: A typical day! Well eh thats quite difficult as no two days are alike, and it

also depends on the day of the week. But there is a general pattern to my time.

Between 30 and 50% of my time is spent in meetings.

Interviewer: Operational meetings?

IS manager: Different kinds of meetings really. Yes, there are operational meetings. First of all

here in the department just to see where we are at, if there any problems, or if

there are any urgent needs to deal with .. for example; insufficient resources. I

hold these meetings every week, and they last for about 2 hours.

Interviewer: Do they follow a set pattern?

IS manager: Yes, they are all fairly structured. First, I update my team on any general news

this can be organisational announcements or a new project coming up. Then,

each person on the team presents a document to show where they stand on their

projects, so that everyone is aware of each others work. Thats very important.

That way, if there are any outside queries, each member of the team can answer

them, even though there is only one person responsible for each project.

Interviewer: Any other operational meetings?

IS manager: Yes every 2 weeks I organise an operations meeting with my European team,Im the domain manager for the network in general, but Im also the European

specialist for all remote access and firewall issues.

Interviewer: And management meetings?

IS manager: Every week there is a European Telecom Managers meeting. This is the European

meeting held with my colleagues from the UK and Germany.

Interviewer: Ah...So you get to travel a little as well...

IS manager: I wish! Getting out of the office once in a while would be a good break. No, Im

afraid everyone stays in their offices. We use a web meeting and conferencing

system. Groupware, you know; IP phones, white boards and a secure collaborative

working environment. That way we can share the same documents online,

in real time. This means one person is updating the document and we are all

following the same presentation. Web meetings are our most common means of

communication. Its really one of our key tools. Thats about it as far as meetings

go .... Oh, I almost forgot .. I also have to organise monthly one to one

meetings because Im responsible for resource management. That is, looking

after employees careers and training.

Interviewer: A lot of meetings!

IS manager: Yeah, like I said meetings eat up a lot of my time!

Interviewer: Okay, what about hours, when do you start work in the morning?

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IS manager: Generally, I connect up to the network from home before leaving for work at

about 7:15am just to make sure everythings running smoothly. For example,this morning, there was a virus attack published during the night. Our American

colleagues were not aware of it, because of course its still night-time over there.

So, I immediately alerted the person in charge of Europe and sent a copy to the

security manager in Peru and then sent a message to all our users telling

them not to touch it if it came through to them. During the day theyve been

doing an update of all the virus definitions.

Interviewer: What else have you been doing today?

IS manager: EhIve been doing an update on the telecom budget review for international

costs. Ive also had a meeting with everyone in my team about an operating

problem we had earlier in the week. This problem was not handled as I would

have liked so I wanted to get everybody on board, to see what happened, whyit happened and to make sure this type of problem is addressed correctly in the

future. What else ... one call about presenting a special internet access project for

next year. Its being presented this afternoon in order to get the green light to go

ahead to the next step of the project, which is the funding. Thats about it really

for today, except dealing with mails

Interviewer: I suppose you have a lot of emails to deal with in a day?

IS manager: Emails yes, hmm ... around about 50 a day. Today, there have been some about

invoicing, some about funding, a few minor problems to deal with, as well as

contact with our users. There is one from Brazil I have had to deal with quickly.

A member of staff is leaving the company over there and when that happens

we have to react quickly to make sure that all access is shut down OK,

several about the budgets. Ah yes one dealing with an outage problem on

the main line with Poland. When the line goes down, a back up line kicks in and

stops any disruption in the service, so that the user can carry on working. But in

this case there was full site isolation at one point and so now we have to check

everything to eliminate each line to see where the problem stems from. That

takes some time, of course. Thats what Ive been doing so far todayand the

days not over yet As you can see, its pretty varied.

Interviewer: Very! But interesting I suppose?

IS manager: Yes, its never boring.

Interviewer: Thanks a lot for taking the time to answer my questions.IS manager: No problem.

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Unit 2

IT evolution : problems and solutions

Lexique

A

aim viser (verbe) / le but (nom)

allocated allou

allowed permis

amounts montant

alike de la mme faon (ici)

anywhere nimporte o

arrival arrive

attach joindre

available disponible

B

backing rentoilage (ici)bin poubelle (nom)

bin / binnig (v) mettre la poubelle

bosses les patrons / chefs

broadband ADSL / haut dbit

bring together rassembler

C

cardboard / cardboard boxes le carton / botes en carton

case botier

cater for pourvoir / satisfairecheaper moins cher

commonplace banal / commun / ordinaire

comply with respecter

core central / noyau

cost cot

cost-effective rentable / bon rapport cot - performance

covering strip bande de protection

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D

delivery times dlais de livraisondesktops ordinateurs de bureau

drawing board planche dessin industriel

Eease facilit

enable permettre

end up finir par devenir

endless sans fin / infini

erase supprimer

even mme

eventually finalement

F

field engineer ingnieur sur le terrain

file fichier

folder dossier

fortunately / unfortunately heureusement / malheureusement

fulfill excuter / raliser

G

get rid of se dbarrasser (de)

H

hanger attache / cintre

heavy lourd

highly extrmement

hire embaucher (ici)

hook crochet

hook up accrocher

however cependant

hub centre / moyeu / concentrateur

huge norme

I

in hand en main

J

joint connectors raccords

jump sauter

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IT evolution: problems and solutions

L

latest le plus rcentleap bond

leastways du moins / ou plutt

load charger

M

mainframes gros ordinateurs / units centrales

N

nails clous

nightmare cauchemar

O

once une fois

order (n v) commande / commander

outside lextrieur (de)

overall global(e)

P

path chemin

pleased content(e)

prevent empcher

prove (oneself) faire ses preuves (ici)

purchasing achats

R

realise se rendre compte

recover / recovery rcuprer / rcupration

reluctant rticent

remote distant(e)

requisite requis / ncessaire

restricted limit(e) / restreint(e)

S

safely / safer en scurit / plus sr

screwdriver tournevis

send envoyer

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LISTENING 1 A problem and its solution D05

A:

Weve had a couple of security problems recently, nothing too drastic but

worrying nonetheless. And you?

B: Well, recently there was quite a bit of worry over the rising number of laptop

thefts. A lot of our managers use them especially when visiting customers. The

whole point of them having laptops is that they can travel anywhere and still

have a record of all the customers detailed information to hand. Travelling, of

course, increases the risk of theft. We were worried about all the confidential

customer information on the hard disk. Our managers believed that when they

put files in the bin, that was that, they had eradicated all sensitive data. But,naturally, as you well know all data can be recovered from a hard disk, so binning

files was hardly great security for our customers.

A: How did you deal with the problem?

B: We started looking for software that would completely erase sensitive files from

a hard disk, with no possible chance of recovery. There were various options on

the market but we had a set of criteria to comply with, which meant our choices

were limited. First of all, it had to be inexpensive. Also, we needed something

easy to install and most importantly, it had to be easy to use as our managers are

not computer whiz kids.

A: Not an easy task, I know. Did you find the software you were looking for?

B: Initially we found a couple of good pieces of software that were interesting;

leastways they did the job we required of them. However, the software came

with various other applications we didnt need, and these were complicated

for our users. Another negative aspect was that we would have had to buy the

whole package and it ended up being quite expensive. Eventually, it took a

while; but we came across what was for us, the perfect piece of software for

the job in hand. Wed scanned the internet and came up with eraser. Specific

software for getting rid of sensitive files and leaving no thief, hacker or whoever

the possibility of recovering any of the data. It is very simple to use, one of our

criteria, it was free, another good point, and it did only the job we required - and

it did it very efficiently, I might add. Its even referenced by NASA and the FBI,

for example. It uses the Guttmann algorithm which basically writes and rewrites

a series of specific data several times over the data to be destroyed.

The beauty of this software is that being GNU software you can personalise it

and adapt it to your specific needs. For example, in its standard form you can

choose to overwrite four, seven or thirty-two times. The time it takes to erase

is quite long so we chose seven times. You can program it to erase at periodic

intervals every time you start up the laptop for example. We programmed

it to erase the bin contents everyday at 5pm. Of course, we then realised that

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emptying the contents of the bin automatically could cause problems if some

files were put in the bin by accident. So we created a second bin just for sensitivedocuments.

A: It sounds like a suitable solution for your problem.

B: Yes, were so pleased with this product that were soon going to install it on all

our desktops.

LISTENING 2 A companys IT evolution D06

A: How has your company kept up with changes in Information Technology?

B: A few years ago communication was not as easy as it is today. We work as a virtual

organisation; that is a lot of employees are not in the same building, town or even

country as their bosses. In my case, my two bosses are in other countries. So, we use

networking, database software and groupware. We couldnt work today without

all these tools.

A: This wasnt always the case, was it?

B: No it wasnt. In the past our IS base was run by big mainframes which took up a

lot of space and were very slow and heavy to run. We only had text-based e-mail

which was used sparingly as it was not at all user-friendly and the mail system took

a very long time if you wanted to attach a file for example. It was a real nightmare.

In fact it was easier by phone, but of course you couldnt send files by phone. The

phone was also very expensive. At the time we had the national phone company

running our telephone system. Today we have an in-house system, which is much

cheaper to operate. For remote access we used dial-up modems. As these were

analogue modems they had very slow performance rates. We had very basic servers

and no printers, because again the cost was too high. Internet access was highly

restricted for the same reasons.

A: What was the biggest problem at the time?

B: The main problem we had in the past was that each country had its own system

running individually. Each database was local, so communication between countrieswas laborious and costly. There was no centralised system like we have today. Even

the use of laptops is quite recent as they were too expensive in the past for the

field engineers to have.

A: Was there a rapid change over to newer systems?

B: No, the progression was a gradual one to todays networking. In the UK they had

installed a central system using SAP or S.A.P. and so the decision was taken for each

country to hook up to the same one. It took a considerable amount of time for each

country to change, but it made an enormous difference to communication. Using

SAP meant that each country could no longer have its own autonomous system but

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had to change to the same system; the same servers, same everything in fact.

This major leap, called ERP, enterprise resource planning to give it its full name,brought our company together virtually and enabled us to create our global

infrastructure. Its a software solution addressing company needs in order to meet

organisational goals while tightly integrating all the functions of a company. It

facilitates company-wide integrated information systems, performs core corporate

activities and increases customer service. It integrates databases, applications,

interfaces, tools, etc. For example, it can automate the different steps along the

path to fulfilling a customer order . And this can be from the point of view of the

production department, financial department, or for delivery times, etc.

A: What were the main benefits?

B: This standardisation of systems meant that they were easier to maintain. It was

a turning point in the way the company interacted internally and how we wereorganised. As an organisation we never jump on the latest technology as soon as its

on the market. We wait until it has had a chance to prove itself, to mature, before

deciding whether to adopt it or not. Its safer that way and more cost effective.

A: Yeah as in most cases, better to rely on tried and tested products.

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Unit 3

Intra & inter...net

Lexique

A

'a whole different ball game' expression : compltement diffrent

according to selon

ads la pub / annonce / rclame (n)

advertising publicit

amazing tonnant(e)

annoying nervant(e) / agaant(e)

answers rponses

awful affreux / atroce

B

backlink (inlink, inward link etc...) lien retour

balance (n) quilibrebandwidth bande passante

barely peine

batch un lot

benchmark une base ou une rfrence (ici)

benefit profiter

the best le / la meilleur(e)

between entre

bid (v, n) faire une offre / enchrir / une enchre

billion milliard

'bite the wax tadpole' phrase qui na pas de sens, littralement : mordre lettard en cire

boast se vanter

breakneck casse-cou

browse surfer (Internet)

building construction

bullet list liste points / puces

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C

claim revendiquerclues indices

clustering regroupement / clustrisation

comic-style style bande dessine

compete rivaliser / faire concurrence

counterpart homologue

crawler-based les rsultats sont lists selon le nombre de fois o lemot recherch apparat sur une page

crazy dingue

current actuel

D

dash hopes anantir les espoirs (ici)

deployed dploy(e)

differ (from) se distinguer / tre diffrent (de)

disgruntled mcontent(e)

drawbacks dsavantages

driving down poussant vers le bas

E

emphasise insister sur / souligner

expectations attentes

expense cot

F

faithful loyal(e)

fall (v)(n) tomber / (nom) chute

famous clbre

fashionable en vogue / la mode

favourites prfrs

be fed up (with) en avoir assez (de)

feed nourrir

figures chiffres

firm socit

flashing tincelant / scintillant

forge ahead prendre de lavance / foncer

fortunes les richesses / les fortunes

G

gather rassembler / ramasser

global stage la scne mondiale

growth croissance

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Intra and inter...net

H

harm faire du malheadline gros titre

headlong tte baisse / se prcipiter

hidden cach(e)

highlight souligner

highways voies publiques / grandes routes

I

impressive impressionnant(e)

improve amliorer

inbound link cf backlinkincluded inclus / compris

increase augmenter / saccrotre

incur encourir

K

'keep your eye on the ball' expression : tre sur le qui-vive

'keep up with the Joneses' expression : faire aussi bien, voire mieux,que les voisins

L

lack manque

lag behind tre la trane / avoir du retard / tre en retard sur

landscape paysage

law la loi

layout mise en page

lengths longueurs

likely probable

(be) like-minded (tre) du mme avis / (avoir) des ides similaires

link-rich possder beaucoup de liens

lowering baissant (ici)

M

manly viril

means moyens

N

name appeler / nommer

newspaper le journal

nowhere nulle part

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O

'on the other hand' expression : dun / (l autre) cton-line en ligne

one-upmanship art de faire mieux que les autres

outlay mise de fonds / dpense

outsider quelquun dextrieur / tranger quelque chose

outweigh dpasser / emporter sur

overcrowded surpeupl / trop dense

P

pathfinders qui cherche des voies / liens

portal portail (porte vers plusieurs services sur Internet)postage timbrage

pros and cons le pour et le contre

pursue poursuivre

Q

query question

R

rate taux

reached atteint

reap rcolter

remember se souvenir

remind rappeler

retrieve rcuprer

rise monter

rules rgles

S

sales ventes (ici)

savings conomiesscant maigre / gure / trs peu

scheme systme / plan

search (v,n) chercher / rechercher / recherche

shoot ahead passer loin devant

sieve / sift dgager (ici)

slang argot

solve rsoudre

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sounding qui sonne

soundness justessesparingly avec parcimonie

spend dpenser

spider araigne

sub-heading sous-titre

subscriber abonn

sustained soutenu

T

therefore par consquence

thoroughly compltement / entirementthrow jeter

tiny minuscule

to date ce jour

to leave someone standing expression : laisser quelquun loin derrire

tool outil

topic sujet

trust confiance

truth la vrit

U

upgrade mettre jour / acheter la nouvelle version

unlimited sans limite

unwise pas sage

useful utile

W

wade (through) venir bout / schiner

war guerre

ware marchandise / produit

way ahead loin devant

well-known bien connu(e)

within lintrieur(e)

workplace lieu de travail

worth vaut

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LISTENING 1 Search engines D09

A: Isnt it amazing! All those search engines we all used to use not so many years

ago and now all we ever hear about is Google!

B: Yes, its Google mania. As a household name theyre more well-known today

than Microsoft. Its even become a verb to google, meaning to do a web

search.

A: Right. So what happened to, you know, Ask Jeeves, AltaVista, Lycos and so on?

How come Google shot ahead of all the others? They seem to have come from

nowhere fast.

B: Well, the others are all still around and working well. AltaVista was one of thefirst comprehensive internet search engines created by Digital back in 94. They

called it the first super spider software. It was a crawler-based search engine.

That is; it listed results according to the number of times search words appeared

on a page. Lycos, which was even earlier than AltaVista, was the same but

much more limited. Then in 97 there began a series of search-engine size wars,

mainly started by AltaVista and INKOTOMI. They were in fierce competition,

each claiming to have the greatest number of documents or web pages. In the

nineties, the guys who created Google realised that results would be quicker if

a search engine looked at the relationships between different websites. Their

system calculated the website importance by counting the inbound links or

back-links. They decided to test this theory by creating a search engine which

ranked websites by the pages which had the most links.

A: You mean that where there were the most links it was because those pages

were the most relevant to a search?

B: Exactly. Googles strength is getting results from simple 1 or 2 word queries

because of these relevance techniques. People were also really attracted to the

simplicity of Googles design. After all, we were all getting thoroughly fed up

with complicated overcrowded websites that were difficult to sieve through.

Finding the information you actually wanted was difficult. Google also put a

stop to annoying pop-up ads on their site.

A: Oh, I know. They used to drive me crazy. Search engine size wars are still going

on. I read that Google made a benchmark of 500 million documents back in

millennium year, and left all the others standing.

B: Yes. There was continual one-upmanship for many years with different search

engines pushing the figures from the millions into the billions. By 2004 Google

was up to a record-setting 8 billion.

A: Wow. I must admit thats pretty impressive. So, is it just the amount of web

pages a search engine finds that makes it the biggest and the best?

B: A lot of people think so, but the ideal search engine doesnt exist, even if people

do have their own favourites. As I said earlier Google is excellent at obtaining

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good answers with scant clues, but it usually feeds you still images, whereas FAST

(now part of YAHOO), is much better at using and understanding language topersonalise the individuals request and is great for sound, music and video.

A: So, it depends on what youre looking for. The kind of browsing I do is very

work-focused, and therefore quite detailed. I dont usually need to wade

through the hundreds and thousands of pages that search engines throw up.

B: Well, now there is a whole new batch of search engines like ask.com which

use the subject-specific-popularity technology developed by TEOMA. Some

are relatively small but they locate specific groups of like-minded experts and

enthusiasts. They find link-rich pathfinders for you. Some have no index of their

own. These are meta-search engines that send out your query to other search

engines and will sift the information to give you the best results. This is called

clustering and it organises the results pages into different subjects. There is alsoDaypop which gets information from web-logs or online diaries. As blogers are

enthusiasts on a given subject theyll hopefully provide you with better links.

A: In that case, I guess big is not necessarily best!

B: Thats right. Those huge search engines we talked about, knowing they needed

to stay on the ball, transformed themselves into portals offering a variety of

services and thereby kept their customers faithful. Search engines are reaching

out further and constantly changing the way we use the web.

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LISTENING 2 Ins and Outs of CAT (computer assisted translation) D10

Speaker: Okay, now Id like to talk to you about another interesting subject - Computer Assisted

Translation, or CAT as its commonly termed. CAT comes in a wide variety of forms,

from the simple spell-checker program to the full-text search tools (also known as

full-text indexers). There are 2 main categories of CAT:

MT (Machine Translation) and TM (Translation Memory).

MT, where the machine actually does the translation for you, has been around for

many years. Unfortunately, customer expectations are often dashed when using it, and

trying to measure quality is a complex business for mono-linguists. Many companies

have used this type of translation software when trying to reach out to a wider

audience, for example through advertising slogans. MT analyses a text and rewrites it

according to a programmed set of linguistic rules. Naturally, as it is a machine doing

the translating, it is fairly rigid and lacks imagination. It is also limited by the grammar

and vocabulary content thats fed in to it, in the target language. As a result, some

users of MT software have suffered terrible experiences of mistranslation.

Through bad translation, advertising slogans for some multi-nationals were ridiculous

or even offensive in certain countries. One well-known soft drink company, when

naming its product for the Chinese market, came up with a similar sounding Chinese

word. The word they chose in Chinese meant bite the wax tadpole. This was not the

attractive, tempting name they were looking for. Another example was a famous car

manufacturer selling to the Brazilian market. They discovered the name chosen fortheir car meant tiny male genitals in Brazilian slang. This was a catastrophe for the

manly marketing image they wanted for the car. This turned out to be an expensive

mistake as changing the names on all the cars cost the company a great deal of

money.

Valuable tools in common use, such as dictionaries and spell-checker programs, also

fall into this category. Verifying the soundness of the translation remains the major

problem with all these programs when used by a mono-linguist. We still have a long

way to go before MT is entirely capable of taking over from humans.

TM, on the other hand, is a whole different ball game. This type of software helps

the translator and not the other way round. The human works on the translation

and is aided by the program. These tools consist of a database of text segments ina source language, and their translations into one or more target languages. In its

memory, TM is also capable of remembering and then reminding the translator of

how they translated similar sentences, phrases or even whole texts in the past. This

can be especially useful for the translation of technical manuals and other repetitive

texts. It memorises usage patterns and can be used in a helpdesk capacity. These TM

tools are constantly being updated and improved and many large companies use

them to build their multi-lingual websites and write instruction manuals, reducing

translation costs and saving considerable time.

Right now, any questions so far? Yes, the young lady on the right.

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Unit 4

Security, security, security

Lexique

A

access accs

accounts les comptes

additional supplmentaire / de plus

address book carnet dadresses

adware publiciel

aerial antenne

afford avoir les moyens de

agenda ordre du jour

agree (with) tre daccord (avec)

almost presque

arise se prsenter / se poser (ici un problme)

armchair fauteuil

authentication authentification

awaiting en attente (de)

B

back door porte derobe

back-up sauvegarde

bet pari

believe croire

blackmail chantage

blind alley (figuratif) voie de garagebogus faux

botnet un rseau dordinateurs zombie pour fairedes envois en masse de mailings

brain cerveau

break-through perce

buy acheter

bypass contourner / viter / se passer de

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C

call appelercapture capturer

catch attraper

channel canaliser (ici)

coat hanger porte-manteau

coffee tin bote caf

computer-savvy avoir des connaissances en informatique

computer speak le langage des ordinateurs / jargon informatique

contest concours / lutte / combat

cope with venir bout de / faire face / affronter

copyright droit dauteurcountry pays

crack dchiffrer

D

destroy dtruire

discreetly discrtement

discuss parler de

doubly doublement

E

earlier plus tt

earth (lctricit) mettre la masse / la terre

eavesdrop (on a conversation) couter aux portes / couter une conversation prive

encoding / encrypting mettre en code

enough assez

entirely entirement

escalate sintensifier / monter en flche

exhilarating grisant / exaltant

F

false faux

fingerprint empreinte digitale

fishing la pche

flowerpot pot de fleurs

foolproof infaillible

forge contrefaire / falsifier

G

games jeux

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genuine authentique / vrai

get a kick out of (doing something) expression : prendre son pied ( faire quelque chose)get back revenir

H

harmless inoffensif / innocent

health sant

hence donc / par consquent / do

hunt (n, v) chasse / chasser

I

implementation mise en oeuvrein earnest srieusement

inevitably invitablement

inside lintrieur

invoice facture

item article / question / point (ici)

J

join in participer / se mettre de la partie

K

keep garder

keylogger enregistreur de frappe (espion ou non)

keys touches (ici)

knock over renverser

knowledge connaissance

L

lay off licencier

leave laisser (ici)

(lead, led, led) mener

legitimate lgitime

link lien

lone standing individuel et seul

M

mailshot mailing / publipostage

manage (to) russir

master matre

mess pagaille

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money de largent

N

neighbour voisin

O

opponent adversaire

otherwise autrement / sinon

ourselves nous-mmes

outline brosser un tableau dans les grandes lignes

Ppassword mot de passe

pavement trottoir

pit your brain against se mesurer intellectuellement

places lieux

plenty (of time) assez (de temps) (ici)

point out faire remarquer

proposal proposition

proxy par procuration

purpose but / objet / raison

put forward proposer / mettre

R

recipes recettes (de cuisine)

record companies maisons de disques

recording enregistrement

report rapport / compte-rendu

request demande / requte

S

save sauvegarder

scramble brouiller

screen cran

selling vendre

share partager

short court

shutdown arrter / fermer (un systme etc...)

side-track router / driver

sister soeur

(the) slightest (le) moindre

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small fry menu fretin

snoop fureter discrtementspamming envoi massif de couriers lctroniques

spend dpenser (argent) / passer (temps)

spyware logiciel espion

star-shaped en forme dtoile

stay / keep ahead garder une avance sur les autres

steal voler (drober)

street rue

stroll flner

stuff (uncountable !) choses / trucs

stymie coincer / mettre dans limpassesuburban de banlieue

suchlike de la sorte / du mme genre

suit convenir

sum montant

surge une saute de courant (lctricit)

T

take advantage of profiter de

teenagers adolescents

the need le besointhough bien que / quoique

thousands des milliers

threat menace

timescale priode / perspective de temps

trojan / trojan horse cheval de Troie

U

unless moins que

unlike diffrent de / dissemblable / contrairement

unwittingly involontairement

usurps usurper

W

watch regarder / observer

way faon / manire

well-being bien-tre

widely-travelled qui a beaucoup voyag

win, (won, won) gagner

worms les vers

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LISTENING 1 Data protection and electronic signatures D15

Sonia: Right, whats the next item on the agenda?

Gerhard: Well James has put forward a proposal to introduce electronic signatures for all

top management.

Sonia: Really, Okay. Lets discuss it then. What use are they, and why would we need

them?

Gerhard: The main idea is to stop anyone intercepting messages.

Sonia: Why would anyone want to do that?

Gerhard: To change the content for example. Lets say Ins, the Finance

Manager wants to approve payment for an invoice from one of our suppliers.If the message were intercepted, the approval could be used for criminal

purposes.

Sonia: Yes, but we already have anti-viruses, firewalls, and all sorts of computer

security, surely no one can get past it all?

Gerhard: Nothing is foolproof. Keeping ahead of cyber-criminals means changing and

updating our systems to stay ahead. This is additional security.

Sonia: Perhaps we could bring James in here to give us more details?

Gerhard: Thats a good idea. Ill get him.

(Pause..)

James: Good morning everybody. Right, well, to talk about electronic signatures, also

called digital certificates, theyre a sort of digital fingerprint system. Theyre

in popular use, in particular in e-commerce. As we are expanding into the e-

market we need this important part of the authentication process, for ourselves

and our customers.

Sonia: Absolutely. Gerhard was talking about internal use though, between

departments. Is that also necessary, or could we just issue these digital

certificates to the Sales and Finance Departments?

James: Anyone receiving messages, giving the authority to spend company money,

needs the assurance that the message comes from who it says it does. In our

case, it is only the managers who have this authority, so I believe they should

each have their own electronic signature as a precaution.

Gerhard: I agree entirely. Its getting too risky given the ease with which we all use e-mail

for transmitting buying and selling requests. To go back to something Sonia said

earlier, can I just point out that we, the company, dont issue these certificates

ourselves. We have to apply for them from a Certificate Authority. A third party

organisation issues the digital certificate, to create the digital signatures and

public and private key pairs.

James: Thats right.

Sonia: How do they work?

James: Well, lets take you and Gerhard for example. When you send a message to

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Gerhard you would use the public key to encrypt the message. Gerhard must

then use his private key to decrypt the message. Thats why we call them keypairs. They are easy to use.

Sonia: So, I suppose the signatures need to be easy to remember and at the same time

difficult to forge.

Gerhard: Yes, if theyre too simple, such as a persons name or initials, its easy to crack the

computer system.

James: And, on the other hand, as Sonia says they have to be easy enough to

remember.

Sonia: Right. James, can we leave this with you? Id like a short report as soon as you

can, outlining the costs, and timescale for implementation. Will the end of next

week give you sufficient time?

James: Plenty. Shall I send you it in an encrypted e-mail?Sonia: If you do, I wont be able to read it without my private key. Thank you, James.

OK. Gerhard, can we move on to the next item?

Gerhard: Okay, last week we had a report of a security breach in the firewall

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LISTENING 2 Hacking and a hackers advice

D16

Interviewer: So, when did you start hacking, and why?

Hacker: Ive been a hacker for many years now. It started innocently enough at the

grand old age of 13, quite simply because my parents couldnt afford to buy me

sophisticated new software, and as I was already very computer savvy, I started

trying to find ways of downloading and cracking software codes for personal

use. At the time it was mostly for music. Then, of course the great change came

for me when broadband arrived and I started downloading in earnest. Unlimited

access to the internet also meant that I could spendhours talking on forums and

discovering the fascinating world of hacking. It was genuine curiosity. Being in

contact with other hackers encouraged me to join in their games. Thats what

most of it is about anyway its all just a game. The great challenge and especially

the competition: pitting your brain against a huge corporation or organisation

is exhilarating stuff, in particular for teenagers. Its an amazing feeling to think

that little old you can stymie some enormous company or whatever, right from

your armchair. Were code crackers and some of us have even become heroes,

well, perhaps Im exaggerating a little! But you never know when well be

needed. Bypassing security codes is usually how I break through security to gain

access.

Interviewer: Who do you think are the biggest threats to hackers?Hacker: Record companies in particular are continually hunting down hackers because

of copyright laws trying to protect their business. So, some software can only

be bought on the internet using a credit card, and the company puts a program

into your computer which can read everything in your computer, and therefore

it knows if the software is being used on another computer. Some software can

also detect if a CD is a copy or not.

Interviewer: Are there any ways of avoiding detection?

Hacker: I use a proxy server when Im hacking, that way if the web police are out there

searching, they cant get back to me. By using a proxy my personal information

is not given out, its only false information, and the police are led on a wild

goose chase to various different places and different countries. So they dont

know where I am, or who I am. Most hackers are doubly careful when dealing

with the USA, as the FBI pretends to be a proxy server, and you can get caught

that way.

Interviewer: Sounds like it could be dangerous. So, why do you continue?

Hacker: As I said before, its mainly to get a kick out of the challenge. You must have

heard of the Sasser worm. That made a real mess. It was a contest between

two hackers to see who could contaminate the most computers. Sasser won

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because he managed to create a worm that destroyed his opponent, Blaster. So,

in the hackers world Sasser and Blaster are well-known. Im not, and most ofthe hackers I know, are not out there on a destructive path.

Interviewer: Has hacking changed?

Hacker: Today, there are new methods of hacking, in particular brought about by the

massive adoption of WIFI. Theyve just made it so much easier for us. You can

easily hack into anybodys system, especially your neighbours, just by using a

coat-hanger or an old coffee tin to act as an aerial to channel energy. WIFI

systems send energy out in a star-shaped direction. All you have to do is channel

this energy in the direction you want, capture it, and use it as you like. Some

WIFI systems use a WEP key, which means that all communication between the

modem and the pc is encoded. So, you need the WEP key. Sniffers are what we

call people who listen and receive all the data from a particular machine and canthen read the WEP key. After that you have total access. People with WIFI should

change their WEP key regularly, I change mine constantly. Once I have the WEP

key I can infiltrate the whole network, send instructions to disconnect everyone

from the router and then change the address from my own MAC address, that

means manufacturing address code, to one of the people connected up to the

router. Every network card leaving a factory has a unique MAC address. So then

if I want to do anything illegal on the internet, everythings directed back to the

host computer, guarding my anonymity. This is called spoofing.

War driving has become very popular with hackers as a consequence of WIFI. That is to say they

get as close to a company as they can, often or not the car park, and they try to

get past the companys security and enter their computers.

Interviewer: Have you got any advice on security?

Hacker: My advice, well, as Ive already said all passwords must be changed frequently.

People should avoid mass produced software. MSN is like an open book to

hackers. Most hackers attack Windows, so its better to use Linux or Mac.OS. I

suppose I shouldnt really be telling you all this. Its a good job its anonymous!

Interviewer: Dont worry, I wont tell anyone!

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Unit 5

Storage and outsourcing

Lexique

A

accompanying daccompagnement

add ajouter

akin (to) analogue

all-inclusive tout compris

allow permettre

although bien que

anyway de toute faon

archive archiver

away (from) loin de

B

back-up (n, v) sauvegarde / sauvegarderbackward compatible compatible avec les modles prcdents

basically au fond / fondamentalement

behind derrire

bonus prime

branch office succursale

busy occup

C

call / caller appel / la personne qui appelle

cancel / cancellation annuler / annulationcentury sicle

choice choix

clouds nuages

consequently par consquent

corner (just around the) virage / (ici) n'est pas loin

current actuel

cut (v, n) couper / coupe

cut back rduire

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D

daily quotidien(nement)deal with soccuper de

discount remise / rabais

dividend dividende

down the road au bout de la rue / pas loin

E

enormous norme

engaged occup (ligne tlphonique)

etched pits cavits graves

eventually finalement

extend prolonger

F

factors facteurs

foreign dun pays tranger

feared redout / craint

fees honoraires

forget oublier

forms formes / sortes

friendly amical

full plein

G

go ahead with (something) (ici) mettre un plan / un projet excution

great gnial / super

H

half moiti

hand over cder / remettre

hands mains

head tte

heading (for) se dirige (vers)

hold the line patienter (au tlphone)

hold back freiner / retenir

(at) home chez soi

I

in the long run long terme

(be) inclined (to) enclin / tendance

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inevitably invitablement

interestingly de faon intressante / chose intressante

J

join adhrer

K

keep garder

key cl

knowledge savoir / connaissance

Llabour force main-duvre

legal juridique

lifespan dure de vie

look forward to attendre avec impatience

loss perte

lovely charmant / ravissant / chouette

lump of sugar morceau de sucre

M

manifold multiple (ici)manufacturing process processus de fabrication

MD (Managing Director) UK

CEO (Chief Executive Officer) USA

General Manager USA

PDG

meeting (meet) (n,v) runion (rencontrer)

motorbike moto

O

(be) obliged (to) (tre) oblig

occur se produire

offshoring / outsourcing sous-traitance ltranger / sous-traitance ouexternalisation

on behalf of au nom de

on demand la demande

on hand sous la main

out of date prim

overhaul reviser compltement

own propre / soi (ici)

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P

package contrat global (ici)part pice (ici)

perk avantage / -ct

poor pauvre

R

receipt (un) reu

reduce rduire

refer (to) faire rfrence ()

relate (to) se rapporter ()

removal enlvementresponse time temps de rponse

revamp retaper

rough draft brouillon

S

Sales Manager directeur des ventes

sequential access accs squentiel

set up installer

shorter plus court

shout crier

speed vitesse

staff turnover renouvellement de personnel

stage phase / stade (ici)

stand in for remplacer quelquun

still toujours (ici)

storage / store stockage / stocker

story (une) histoire

suitable qui convient / appropri

sub-divided subdivis()

switchboard operator standardiste

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T

task tcheteething problem difficult initiale

these days de nos jours / ces jours ci

though quoique

throughout partout dans / dun bout lautre de

throughput dbit

tied up occup (ici)

timing synchronisation (ici)

tip pourboire (ici)

trend tendance

true vrai

U

(the) utmost (la) plus haute / extrme

V

VAT TVA

W

water-skiing ski nautique

wavelength longueur donde

weekly hebdomadaire

well-established bien tabli(e)

whereas alors que / tandis que

widespread trs rpandu (ici)

wonderful merveilleux

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LISTENING 1 A small business planning I.S. growth D17

Andy: OK, Delia, Ive just been given the green light by the MD. Were going ahead

with the plans for a complete overhaul of IS throughout the company.

Delia: Great. The timing is just perfect, what with the opening of the new branch

office in Welwyn Garden City.

Andy: Exactly. I think it was one of the determining factors. Our equipment here

in Head Office is so old and so out of date that any system we set up in a

new environment wont be able to communicate with us. Well, except for

the standard phone line. We wouldnt be able to cope with running 2

entirely separate IS systems anyway, so wed have to take on more staff.The MD realised that revamping our present equipment, buying upgraded

hardware, such as routers and T-1 lines, to take advantage of remote service

between the 2 offices, would be cheaper in the long run. Of course, although

she agreed with everything I said there will be restrictions; money being the

biggest one. Right, down to business; Delia, can you call Josh in for me?

Delia: Sure. (Puts her head round the door and shouts) Josh, can you come in? We need

you.

Josh: Im on my way. 2 seconds while I save this file.

Andy: Hello Josh. We need to make some decisions on those comparisons you made

last month.

Josh: Hi, Andy. The basic hardware equipment is the same quality and price for

both Rewfringes and Fromalston. The differences come in the accompanying

software packages. The initial installation and set up with staff training included

is the same price from both companies. The Fromalston software package has

continuous data protection incorporated, but is more complicated to adapt to

our needs. It will also take the staff longer to get used to it. Rewfringes software

package, on the other hand, uses more standard language and is easier to adapt

and use.

Andy: Delia, have you spoken to the suppliers yet, about maintenance contracts? I

think were agreed that the quality of the After Sales Service is of the utmost

importance in deciding which supplier to go through.

Delia: Yes, I spoke to Rewfringes and Fromalston last week. I have a rough draft of the

maintenance contracts here.

Andy: Any significant differences?

Delia: They both offer full hardware and software support. Rewfringes includes daily

updates, whereas with Fromalston, its weekly. The overall costs are slightly

cheaper if we go through Rewfringes. The main reason for that is that their

After Sales service is outsourced to a company abroad.

Andy: So, what happens if we have a problem we cant deal with ourselves?

Josh: These days everythings repaired online.

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Delia: Thats right.

Andy: Hmm. Im not sure I like the idea of having to rely on people half way round theglobe in the case of an emergency.

Delia: In the unusual case of a serious problem they use a local company to cope with

the emergency.

Andy: I find it amazing that its cheaper to use a company abroad than the one thats

just down the road, like Fromalston.

Josh: Rewfringes software is easier for us to adapt to our complex financial system.

That was their main selling point. Theyre also very experienced in setting up

networks that can easily grow, so as we expand we can add to our IS systems

without having to buy expensive new equipment in a few years time.

Andy: That seems to me to be their main selling point, because our complex financial

system, as you put it, will have to be simplified anyway. Delia, how many hoursof staff training do these companies supply?

Delia: ErRewfringes estimates 60 hours, that includes setting up and staff training

on the new systems. Fromalston only talks about 30 hours, but thats just for

staff training.

Andy: Hmmm If we can get some guarantee from Fromalston that the amount of

staff training hours they offer is sufficient for everyone to be up and running,

and if not, that they can give us more, then Im inclined to go for the local firm,

for purely practical reasons. Getting everything installed and up and running

correctly will be much easier, when alls said and done, by a local firm. Were

bound to have teething problems, but at least theyre only a phone call away.

Josh: So are Rewfringes.

Delia: The problem with the phone call to Rewfringes is language. Ive heard that a

lot of people are having problems with these foreign call centres where they

hire local people whose English is not very good and its difficult to understand

them. Even more so, when having problems with a new system. Im afraid I

agree with Andy, Josh. Sorry.

Josh: At the end of the day youre the deciders. I just hope the limited experience of

Fromalston doesnt hold us back in the long term.

Andy: Yes, I understand what youre saying Josh, but therell never be a guarantee

that any system we implement will be backward compatible in a few years

time. Things change too fast for that. Today were setting up a networkingsystem that allows us to expand and still be fully functional over the next 5 to

8 years. Were making this decision based on what this company needs over the

next few years, and not on what the general trend is. Fromalston is also a small

company on its way up, so we can grow together. In the long run, well be one

of their loyal customers and that will pay. Youll see.

Delia: Right, Ill set up a meeting with Fromalston ASAP.

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LISTENING 2 Ordering goods on the telephone D18

Receptionist: Good morning, Flucksons Ltd, how can I help you?

B. Smithson: Hello, Could I speak to your Purchasing Manager, please?

Receptionist: Hold the line please Caller, Im putting you through.

B. Smithson: Thank you.

[Transfer]

Secretary: Sabrina Draks office, good morning.

B. Smithson: Good morning, Id like to speak to Ms Draks, please.

Secretary: Could I have your name please?

B. Smithson: Of course. Its Brian Smithson of DPJ Electronics[Transfer]

Sabrina Draks: Good morning Sabrina Draks speaking. How can I help you?

B. Smithson: Good morning Ms Draks. Im calling you back on behalf of Teddy Klan whos

away on holiday. He left me a note asking me to get back to you with some

prices on TDA 456s

Sabrina Draks: Thats right. I rang Teddy last week. Were thinking of upgrading our equipment.

Were still working with TDA450s. When I spoke to Teddy, he suggested the TDA

456 as the most suitable upgrade.

B. Smithson: Ah yes, absolutely. There are no peripheral changes to be made, and no staff

re-training. Its the easiest solution. What sort of numbers are we looking at?

Sabrina Draks: Well, we have 60 TDA450s on site, but currently use about 40 of them. What

about prices and delivery times?

B. Smithson: Bought individually the TDA 456s cost 125. Discounts start with a minimum

order of 10. After that, there is a reduction for every 20 ordered. If you are

currently using 40 then you need to have about 50 in stock, for busy periods.

The company must have originally ordered 60 of the older model because of

the increasing level of discount with every 20 ordered.

Sabrina Draks: I see. The price is a lot higher, all the same. Are there significant differences

compared with the original model?

B. Smithson: Oh, very much so. The speed has been tripled, and the size cut by half, which

makes stocking and transporting them a lot easier. In addition, the lifespan of

the TDA456 has been extended by 5 years.

Sabrina Draks: What sort of discount can I expect for 40 units?

B. Smithson: An initial discount of 5% is given on 10 units. Another 5% is given after that

on each order of 20 units. Thats a 15% reduction on 40 TDA456s. So, thats

106.25per unit, giving a total of 4250. But, I think you should really consider

ordering 60 units as Teddy told me that in the past youve needed up to 58

TDAs running at the same time. This will give you a full 20% discount, bringing

the price down to 100per unit. These prices include VAT, delivery and on-site

installation.

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Sabrina Draks: Yes, but as were cutting back on powered TDAs, 60 will no longer be necessaryeven in our busiest period. Its true that 40 could be a bit tight though,

especially in the winter season. As were one of your most loyal customers andwill probably continue to be so, could we ask for the full 20% discount on 50units, instead of 60.

B. Smithson: Im afraid Ill have to get back to you on that, as Im only standing in for Teddy.

Thats a decision thats not in my hands. Hell be back next Monday. I could get

him to call you then?

Sabrina Draks: Well, Id like to get this order sorted before then, so if you can phone me back

before next week, Id appreciate it. If not, itll have to wait for Teddys return.

By the way, what are the delivery times?

B. Smithson: If you could just hold the line a moment, Ill check what we have in stock?

Sabrina Draks: OK. Ill hold.

[Pause]

B. Smithson: Right, lets see. Um Theres no problem with delivery. It would take a maximum

of 3 to 4 days. Of course, thats as stocks stand today. But there shouldnt be

any delays if your order comes through before the end of next week.

Sabrina Draks: Thatll be fine. Right, thank you. I look forward to hearing from you or Teddy, at

the beginning of next week, and we can sort out the details then.

B. Smithson: Thank you. Ill try and do my best to get back to you before Friday, if not, Teddy

will phone you on Monday, at the latest. Looking forward to talking to you

again. Bye.

Sabrina Draks: Many thanks, Bye.

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Software and sales

Lexique

A

abilities aptitudes faire quelque chose / capacits

accurate prcis / exact

act agir

advice (uncountable!) conseil (un conseil = apieceofadvice)

afford se permettre (financier)

aim (at doing / to do) viser ( faire quelque chose)

(not) anymore (ne) . plus (ngation)

astonishing tonnant

auction les enchres

B

behaviour comportementblack noir

blindly aveuglement

board of directors conseil dadministration

booming en plein essor / prosprer

bug bogue / erreur

business-friendly facile utiliser pour les socits / favorable auxsocits

button bouton

Ccase cas

coin inventer (un mot ou une expression)

connectivity / connectedness liaison, branchement ou raccordement

criteria critres

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D

dedicate ddierdefault dfaut

delivery livraison

discount remise

display talage / exposition

E

embrace pouser / embrasser (une ide)

evolve voluer

explain expliquer

F

feasibility faisabilit / possibilit (de ralisation)

feature caractristique

feedback retour dinformations / ractions

fix rparer (ici)

flea market march aux puces

forecast prvisions

freedom libert

G

glad content / heureux

H

headset casque couteurs

hire embaucher (ici)

history (l) Histoire

hop sautiller

I

incentive motivation

infrared infrarouge

involvement participation

K

keep an eye on expression : surveiller quelque chose / quelquun

king roi

kingdom royaume

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S

sample chantillonsecurely de manire scurise

set aside mettre de ct

shipping costs frais de transport

shop window vitrine de magasin

short-range courte porte

similar semblable

slave esclave

slow lent

spread-spectrum spectre tal / talement de spectre

state tatstress pression

study (v,n) tudier / tude

survey tude / enqute / sondage

T

talents dons

television set poste de tlvision

thief (plural = thieves) voleur

track suivre la trace de

U

ultra-wideband bande ultra large

(act in) unison (agir en) concert

unite unifier

V

value valeur

W

weak faiblewhisperer quelquun / quelque chose qui murmure

Y

yesterday hier

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Software and sales

LISTENING 1 Buying and selling D22,23,24

Conversation A

A: Im interestedin buying the blackones, but find the shipping costs from the

US too high.

B: Why dont you try going onto Ebay and bidding in an auctionfor them? That

way, youll have a lot more choiceof where to get them from. Youll probably

find the same ones at a cheaper price.

A: Yes, but Im a bit worriedabout using the auctioning system.

B: Oh, you dont need to be. There are a lot of security measures to make

people feel safeabout using credit cards and the like. You can use Paypal for

the transaction. The customers payment information is securely routed through

a network of processors and financial institutions.

A: Sounds OK. Maybe Ill try it.

Conversation B

Brenda: Id like to start up a business on the internet.

George: In that case, maybe you should check the Ebay website. Theres a lot of

information to help people who are starting up a business. Starting the business

up on Ebay is probably the cheapest and easiest way to go about it.

Brenda: Yes, but I dont have a website.

George: You dont need one. If the business takes off, it would be a good idea to have

one later. All you need is an e-mail address.

Brenda: But, how do people pay me?

George: You can use the Paypal system for payment. You send the customer an e-mail

invoice. You can create one using the Paypal website or using Outlook, for

example, or any other email software. The email incorporates a Request Money

option. The customer clicks on the button and pays you through the Paypal

secure website. Its quick and painless.

Brenda: Is it expensive to set up?

George: Not at all. The basic charge is 3%.

Brenda: Sounds very reasonable.

D22

D23

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Conversation C

Brenda: Ive been buying and selling over the internet, through Ebay, for nearly a year

now. Business is booming!

GEORGE: Good. What about your overheads?

Brenda: Theyre very low. There were no set-up costs, which is a great bonus. It costs

very little to insert items for sale. Ebay takes a fee of about 5.25%. Apart from

that, I was paying the basic 3% charge to use Paypal but now that my sales have

increased Im eligible for the Merchant Rate which is less than the standard

rate. So, Ive made gains there.

GEORGE: So, youre happy with the system.

Brenda: I think its great for people starting up. I also get support from Ebay to help me

run my Ebay account. The more I sell the more support I receive. The red tape iskept to a minimum, and like most people, I really appreciate that.

GEORGE: You appear to have a wide choice of models on the site.

Brenda: Yes. Thats one of the reasons I opted to sell via Ebay. I could never have had so

many different models on display in a shop window. This must be the largest

marketplace in the world

GEORGE: Some people call it the biggest flea market in the world.

Brenda: Yes. Thats much more accurate.

D24

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LISTENING 2 Database marketing D25

Brenda: Ive got a great idea for a new product.

George: You told me about it yesterday, and Ive been thinking about it. I think you need

to ask yourself if there is a market for it.

Brenda: Yes, I know. I need to do some market research.

George: You mean asking people to fill in questionnaires and such like. Thats very time

consuming and expensive.

Brenda: Not if I use the internet to conduct my research. If I put a questionnaire on the

Web, it wont cost very much and Ill reach out to a very wide audience.

George: Hmm. Thats true. If you put a survey on your website, you could ask people aseries of pertinent questions and see what feedback you get.

Brenda: Thats the idea. But first I need to attract people to my website and then find a

way of getting them to complete the survey.

George: If you want to get people to take the time to fill in the questionnaire, youll

need to offer some incentive.

Brenda: Such as?

George: Well, you could offer free samples or a discount on future purchases, for

example.

Brenda: OK. Good idea. Ill think about that. But my main problem is attracting enough

people to the website in the first place. Im sure there are some of our present

customers whod be happy to do the survey, but I want to develop a new market.

George: Sounds like database marketings the answer.

Brenda: Yes. I can use my existing database of customer information to send out a

personalised email to promote the new idea.

George: What criteria do you use in your existing customer database?

Brenda: Weve sorted it by geographical areas and transactional history details.

Transactional history is sub-divided into frequency of purchase and monetary

value. That way we can analyse customer behaviour.

George: Sounds good. Have you developed predictive models to forecast how the

customers would be likely to respond to different sales promotions?

Brenda: No. That would take more time and money. Its mainly the much bigger

organisations that can afford to spend that amount of money on marketing.

They use statistical techniques to rank customers in order of propensity to buy

or to respond to new products. Were not in the same league.

George: Not yet!

Brenda: Youre right not yet. If I had more time, Id use all the customer information to

analyse our customers needs.

George: So, buy the databases you need. You can buy customer lists or databases from

other organisations. If I were you, Id buy a list which has been compiled by a

specialist magazine. You could also get lists from financial institutions based on

credit application forms. What else is there?

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Brenda: I know some databases come from application forms filled in by customers for

free products and competitions and the like. I might look at those.George: Yes, of course. If you do that, youll know more about your competition. Thats

essential. You could also try getting information from online networking groups.

But once youve got the right database you need to make up a marketing plan.

Brenda: Ive been working on it. Ive written a brief description of the product, its

potential benefits and the type of market Im targeting. Any other ideas?

George: Well, I dont think youve looked at the competition enough. As I said earlier

knowing your opponents is vital. The analysis of the databases you buy will help

you see how the competition markets and sells similar products. That way you

can look for the niches they may have overlooked.

Brenda: Right. Employing database marketing is definitely the way to go.

George: I think so. Also, using the internet for the survey will mean that you should havea fast response time.

Brenda: As I have so much work to do, Id better go and get things moving. Bye. And

thanks for the advice.

George: Im glad I could be of some help. Bye.

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pay paid paid payerput put put poser

read [ rid] read [ red] read [ red ] lire

ride rode ridden aller cheval, bicyclette...

say said said dire

see saw seen voir

sell sold sold vendre

send sent sent envoyer

show showed shown montrer

sing sang sung chanter

speak spoke spoken parlerspell spelt spelt peler

spend spent spent passer (du temps)

swim swam swum nager

take took taken prendre

tell told told dire, raconter

think thought thought penser

understand understood understood comprendre

wear wore worn porter (vtements)

win won won gagner (ex : un prix)

write wrote written crire

O Cette liste n'est pas exhaustive : elle concerne les verbes irreguliers utiliss dans ce cours.

Les traductions proposes correspondent au sens le plus usuel.

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Info file 2

American English

Quelques petites diffrences entre l'anglais britannique et l'anglais amricain sontindiques dans le cours. Vous en trouverez quelques exemples supplmentaires quevous pouvez consulter en cas de besoin ci-dessous.

Dates

Rappel : la diffrence entre les dates britanniques et amricaines est peut-tre ladiffrence la plus importante car cela peut entrainer un malentendu : en GB le jourprcde le mois ; aux USA, c'est le contraire.

British English

crit : 05/10/01= 5th October 2001ou 5 October 2001Parl : the fifth of October two thousandand one.crit : 14/04/99 = 14(th) April 1999Parl : the fourteenth of April nineteenninety-nine

American English

crit : 05/10/01=10th May 2001ou 10 May 2001Parl : May tenth, two thousand and one.crit : 04/14/99 = 14(th) April 1999Parl : April fourteenth, nineteen ninety-nine

C'est pourquoi dans ce cours nous vous conseillons d'crire toujours la date enentier et non pas sous forme abrg

Documents

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