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bull bull
8ULftulml (Further India) 1IjL111un~JJ~uLOilllnll l~LLri W2i1 liJJYjtf1 iJJ1I1
JJ11i1j1 flu11i1LULilft (tf11) 1lILLlILLI1aJJJJlI1~ 1IjLI1LI1lhii
ililillUtijjJJI fl~II1J ~lJJJ Tl1nfluLOin
IlllIITl (Sumatra) un1lji~111alilin~1eUoui1~tiI11au111j1n~fl~tu
Ln1JJ11i1j1 ~~LLIliIJiUil ~a~n1l1 LLlIj1 tf1~ ff~lti ft (Srivijaya
dynasty) it~jlJtfUtf111l1ilnll1~ nJJ1J1nwm1l1LlIJJU~ (Palemshy
bang) Wfl~I1l11~1fl~JJ11i1j1 LLIli1~rhlll1Jj1lUil OilJiilll1JJLilu
a fllilll iifl~ Ii11n1jilU 0u] LW j1lJi11j1n~i1il j1n igtlll 11 111 j1lU
ilihitlJlKwlJLlulmuJJ11i1j1LlIn
1111 (Java) 1IjL11 tf 11hHlJBfiWlI 1~i1illUti jjJJI fl~ ~u LOift J1n
~ull~a~n1l1 lull~a~I1Ii1jjuil 5 tf1fluLOinilJJ1~~~US1Ufl~ lUtfl1Luujj1lniljfl~ jj1lniljfl~LI1h]LUUW1nWj111JJW tI WI1
1275 (732 AD) tfl11l1ilnll1~liInfl~1l1ntlJiei1U1Jlfl~n~~r1
j 1tf~ ff~lti ft j1 tf~ ffiil~U1~ ti111 au1liilJJ111 ft1UJJ11Ijn
iJ~t U tfl1 LLlI1(liai1~ tfi] tI amUI1~111au1tfufl fh~JJ1nJJ1ft
tf 11BULOitifiLil ft 1Inllj fl~ tf 11111il]fl~ri flU (lifl~LIl~ flUri1t1111 i
tf ~111l1 ~ lil~iririJn j llfl ~ jif31 t1tIllibtJ tf U~ll eilU1lL11eJ Ll1OllJ
lJ~OllfJLlOl ~lllJlfl~lt1 LiieJ~ ltftll LUUlilL3eJ~hlill~liltJeJ~Vnn il31titl1UnjmrU (iJlIUUULUUeilU1eJltftll eJ~lU~mlliljl1j~1 lnU) 1r~ln Vul 1403 (860 AD) hJLlh jltmjif~1titlr
L~eJlJeilUlol ~L UUL1~1I1VnnilUL~t1~ eJVW~1tJeJ~1l1~lildU eJeJn
nrtJlJ 1~ j eJ tJ ~ j eJ~1l1~ nOll ~ iin 1aUl~j l1lJtil5 ~ LUU11qitlUiin
laUl~I1li5~ll ~rtJ lieJUeJtIol ~ ~11lJ Lilli ~ L~ eJ ~ tJ eJ~ ilol tJ ~rU eJ ~1 U j ~1h~Vll1 5Iilljjlj
~ 13-14 (8th-9th AD) lUtI ~il 1458 (915 AD) tf~11l1~ n Oll~161tlnl1 eJlil~~ hil1jltJ-jlL~ jl ~L11iliiUllilLlll idU tf ~111l1i1
IildUeJ eJ~r U161nOllt1 LUUJU lin Oll~ ~11~ Lill I11~ 611 U-J(JJU fijjlJ
1Uj ~1-jl~~I15illilljjjo~ 13-14 nUI11~611UljjUi1~tJeJ~ tf~11ll~eJLlltl~lJl~ nUniu~Ufi (Poetry) LlOldi1Ol~a~~i1l1lJn1 11lltJmtfl~ (Sagas) nUOl~i1jLlOl~1r~Iil~l~ (Shadow-Plays)
161I-lOlli~t1U~~ 1ill11~ 611UVl 115 UlllllLUUeJri1~~ ~1la~tI llieJlJ1
lUj~1-jl~Vll1fi1II1jjlj~ 19 LlOl~ 20 mj~liUtfmjlJ
tJ eJ~ tf ~11Lilli ~ L~ eJ ~lJ 1 n
1UlileJU0iUVll1fililljjlj~ 21 illaU llJ1~lill61LtlllJl~tf~11 (11il tI il I1fi~ ol I11~ nljfl1)
amilG1UmHI amUliltlnljlJ tJeJ~ tf ~11hill anlju~11qi
llileJril~ LtiU tJ eJ~lllJ tf 1 IilllJ tJnwIJU111jil tJUlIilL~n ~~eJ~llillil L~tJ1 1~m)~LUU1~1 lltJUllilri eJlJ lliltltl1tJi11jtJeJ~tf~11il~11 m~JntJliln ltitJj~~IjjlULI1T~tJ 1rl~11 (Cell) ii1flJ~UeJeJn lJl 1a~~lLUU~tJi1lt1tJjl~1i (Sikhara) tJeJ~ilUL~mLtJtJ Dravishy
dian ~LltJtJ111j-Vihara type) 1~eJbir~il~LUUiU1 aeJ~allJiU OlIil1aUllU iiLltJtJL1ijeJUrltJ~11 111j~U1 LtiU Chandi Loro = Jongrang LlOl~tJjlJVll11li12 (Borobudur) rU iijlULUUiU1 jeJ~-jtJ 111j ~~Lnlil-jlailtJ mlJVll11firU Llil~LllUeJ~U lUUUtJj ~n eJtJ
4
1 2 t~t1i1tJr~~1ilNonJ1~rnllj~ti~ 1j~~~ilN n1ltIL~mJlilvfu1 a~turi 1vJ 1) Ulntlmiloi 3 j u~afilNlln 1J1~n ItilJ~tJ~lulvJln~tiNn1ltIL~t1 (vJntILl~ 2) 3ftl~middotnuin1lfl~~1111)1~~l-laquoLiiuiM~nmulIIM11tHtCl1iJJlllninJLLUlm11181tJ
(Dravidian A1cbitectnre)
4 UJi~tIIJfH~1nr)1ihnj1n1n-i1~ntiU~~t1tJhnfl)
i]tinUQ~UU~~~~Ll1
tJlJtihtJ a~ tlYIltlltJ il~11 U~b UlJ~~ bUJlJillJh b~~ rWil ~1I1bUlJi1lJ
1IM1Y11j g~biml1Jilb~jl~mllli1i ~bia~l~ tJlJ untlj d~rl1a1il1hlJ1mi~ liIhlYl1j1lil~ tJ ~11~ a~l~ tJlJ1lJ
illalJl~jlY1~rurlJ hibbli hnj~ Dieng Plateau ~bilJlaibUlJ
Wbiljtlli1tJbQ~l~jrjil Chandi Arjuna Chandi Bima bbltl~ Chandi
Puntadewa 1lJ U~b1ruyflJ~j1U1l il~ Prambanan jjiYl1 j1l il~ iJ1tJ
il1 alJ 1~ j1 YI~ rubW ~VjflGil ~ bUlJ j1lJ1lJmnai1tJ Uj j1iI1iYl1j11 il ~
VjflGill alJ l~n~liI~illtJ1~ iflilbltllJ fl1 (na ntllJhtJlJn~liI~il tJ11~11i1j1) UlJ fjUUi1jj~11~a1tJn~fj1iI laiUrl Chandi
MendUl Chandi Kalasan bbltl~ Chandi Sewu 1lJU~b1ruyflJ~j1U Prambanan fjjn~~illlj~jj~iJbittJ~ 8 iYl1j jrjil Chandi Loro
Jongrang a~l ~lfiillI1bbrlbfI~bj 1 11 il~illalJ 1~j1Y1~ru bUlJW biljt
lli1tJbQ~ 1 ~i1Iil~ j~iil1 ~
1lJ~tJ~11n1~1iI~1lJililn mjiYl1j~jj~iJbittJ~~alililti~ Panashy
taran Eliter lmibilil~ Blitar bUlJ 1Iil~a~1~ 1lJVjflGillil1jjjt~ 19
btJlJiYl1j1llJ11i1tiil~1
I1lJ1hOilll njjll tI j ~~~ 1mj~btJlJ tI j~jn~n1 jeJlJ
~ ~1mu~alil 11 il~ tJlJ tJ l~tJ ~11 1Jjj1il1~ j~~flGjtlbbltl ~jtl~j d ~l q U
ollillllJ Chandi Mendut bbltl~nlJjlminlJlJ bbltl~~j~~flGjtlj1
min~a~ tlu j~Vjfl15rlJil~11~i~1iIjWalil~j1lJ il ~11 tIj ~~ ilun 1~ 1lJiJilil bbltl~~11~ililililil11iltil~Yll~btI~tJulaitJ1n ilj~ ltl11i1ltlltJ
liIn1~~ llii tJ amlJbYla l1fUUilhlillJ~~ ~ m~ (Makara) eJlJ
bUlJ ~1iIltl 1tilthlillJbUlJW biljtfltii1~liImL~~Yiil j~1J1 mhLltl ~tI j~1 1Jltl ~fjiilJ1
11lJ~01jnjjll nlJ ~liIjmj~1Ifl~ tJ~11hjjj~~lli1bYlll ilil~ lJ ilml1nn1~ bti tJlJ tI j ~n il UIIU~ itfl 1lJu 1Y11l if~jj ~ 1lJ~ 1iI jni j~ 11 il~
VjflGil1il1jjjtfj 22 bbltl~ 23 mllilil~
1 2 3 ~~tJU1gtJlL ~tJilr~l~~-i1 ~~gtJ1Wl1lJltjO11~ ~-~~tJ~lJ3rIll1lIi ~gtJffilJO~~~tJLiin1 ungtJ 3
4 ~lJlJ~~tJ~Liln~~~ffilJ~A1Ii tl1~l~~tJLhdtJriI31l ztJn Neurol-3l~l)J
5 ~lJlJ~~tJ bullbullIiNm1bull jjj~l1A~lnfn~~OgtJII1 (Chattr) ltJ UU[JB1QtlB~m
- 6 LLUU1lJJIlt (Niche) I1nllQl~1L1J(J~3U LllJUfltJ1~1If1~~[l1ulJltJnfnJLDU~~l1~
t~ri~tJ1~
2
12 3 ~lJlJfl~fl1~~1n~o1 Jmr (Makara) l1mfl 3 iimHrimnnL 01n l1j-1J1fl-11J1
bull bull
eml hi middotmiddot193
AiIllllonlii ujj~lnIJiililtl~tIj~onlitJfl~lI~11JIJ ~1IJ yenIr~~~l~ (Shadow-plays) UiI~illmhU1~fl (Batie) bUIJ~FmiIJ ~ihli1n bil~ fl~uvi~mo iI ~il flIJUiI ~bfl~fl~bvnfjyjil flof1ii ~ mito~~nn
~l~ tf~11)~fl~1IJyenI~ Malesian Islands (yenIlfl Oceanic art) 1ii1lJ
byenl~ii~nludliltl~yfIJU1IJ (Folk-Art) l~lJUIJl~~~flallJilil~nu yj1nyenl~bm~1IJlJyenlT~VJjUtI~~fllJln wfIJui fl~VI5yjil11i1lIJtijjlJ
tJfN~lJb~lJ~lI1urill~111~lJ~j~yenIlJ~~IJ1tlua1 lI11tf~11~~bba~~ flflnli ~fl11lJitnm~iliItI ~ m~bilfltf l~tJfN~IJ~n ~tlf11yjyenlr~ ~~l~ Uil ~uUUil1~illlJUiI~ittJfl~1l1Ul~ilJIJ ua~~l11bllJii~ ~nlUl~ tJ fl ~ iil iI tI ~ tJ fl ~yj1n ~ fl ~ bn1~ eJIJ U1 ~afllJ fl ~ nu~~ U1 ~a fllJ
tJ fl~VI ~bil eJlJUnll~
Wlh (Burma)
tfIJ tf 1~1u j lUl~l~tJfl~yj ~~hlliiuri tfIJ tf 1~ Pyus bbil ~ Taliangs tfIJtfl~ Pyus iiriIJb~lJfl~jlIJbmillJnill~ (Central Asia)
hIJtfIJtfl~ Taliangs lJllln~j~1Jilyj1nlJfll btJlJj yj1n Pyus
lliitlnfljfl~f11flbyenlilfltJfl~yj~)jliiLiifl~htll1 iiifl Tagaung Prome
UiI~ Old Pagan yj1n Taliangs tlnfljfl~f11il1liieJlJiibijfl~ Pepu
Uil ~Lii fl~ Thaton Ii ~ bUIJlIJ11n ill~m~fllaIJ1 flIJ1IJIjVI titI~1jjl
~ 13 ~ 14 Uil~~ 15 yj1nlV1lJlyen1qi (Shan-Thai) lliibthlOjlIJtIj~bVIti yj~)j 1 lliillalJyj~WIJ ~nIJ lIJnilllJbUIJ tfIJ tfl~yj ~)jl1lJih1ulJii
(National reform)
Vj VI tifllaIJ lUiI ~fllaIJlyj j lyen1lJ Ul1liib if1lJl~tI j ~b VItlyj ~)jl
ri flIJflla~nli1 alJ UlVI~ tJ fl~yjj ~b)lfllfln lliibUlJllflUllJi~aflIJ
tfl1yj~)j 11I1b~ fllJlallJyjj ~IjVItifllaIJ1 VjVItitllaIJ1~djfl~yjjlJ (Prome) bUlJiJllJlJyenlllJlIJ Ii~iifl11lJb~fllIJaVI5 Tantrik tIlJflfj
1ii1lJ btiIJb~lJ1nIJ nUIjVItitllaIJ11IJ tIj ~bVIflbIJ til iI bbil ~tIj ~b VIti
5bU~ a1IJVjVItitllaIJ1~ Thaton JlJbUlJiJllJtJfl~ViIJlJlIJ lIJm~
IiilUlJllfl1lHlIl jjNll~tIj~LI1~W~~h1UiflJtIIIi1~lliilu~I1fiW l~ltl ~
tJil~~Uul~tJil~fiL Ulil zi ~L jlLiUll1illnn1jlilnuGi~ 1Uflll1UliltlnljIJ
tIj~Ull1W ~ifll~tiUIIi1~Vjl1tlfllilljj~ 20
Wfl 1583-1620 LUUltffllJtltJil~Wj~Ljlilijlli (Anaruth
Anawrata) II~ililUjfi1lJ~iil nIiIlliWj~il~ilullIijlUjlIJtIj~L 11~ W ~~lL if lLuUunuJU Ul~I1l~L~ilIJliflUWj~Vjl1tl~lifUlilth~LLIi
1l ~ ll1il1l ~ ifl1 ~ nUtI ifmUI11~fllifll lilUlUIJ InIJ 1pound1 nutl
mU~jj~mltl~lJln~IiIjiilmlUI1l111j(Ananda Temple) ilfjlU
New Pagan LUUtJil~ifll~lUVjl1lifllilljjli16
nutlifmU~hi~qjl11~Vjl1li~1ifll1~UW ~ ll1i~ ii Nat Hlaung Kyaung Vjl1li~liIljj~ 15
Kyanzittha Temple Vjl1li~liIlj~ 16
Ananda Temple Vjl1tl~liIljj 16
Thatbinnya Vjl1[j~liIljjli 1 7
Bidagat Taik (IIilWj~iflllil) Vjl1[jfllilljj~ 1 7
Mahabobhi Temple Vjl1tl~liIljj~ 18
Mingalazedi Stupa Vjl1[j~liIljj~ 18
amillilOnjjll i1nbftll~tJil~l111jtJil~W ~~ljjIJ1lL uUJn
U1flrl LuUunUJUiHl poundInUl Ill jtJ il~WlmIJlOlltlLIiILil poundI ilLil(ltl~
lli1t1 jilutIj ~nilUIlilt1 ~IIl ofl11lUtIj~~~1UW j ~Vjl1li$tI Iiill111j
jjljtJ~UililnIJl 4 IiilU itlUUUtJil~l111jiiiillli1~inzi~all~LUUtfU1
l1illlotUnU tiU1tlJU iii j~llIJ tJ il~ uGi l ~tfUil011) tI L~ n 1 tI j~~~1U il~ UUIIi1~~l$tlmlmll~tIIJ (ujl11lil) 1~ila1)tIII~iltljl~~il~UU t1il1il (Finial)
~ ~ ~tI ~
I11Jlil~ Pagan Prome Tagaung Pegu 1Jltl~ Thaton IJ bull nUtI
ifllU ilUlUIJ InIJ 1pound111ULUUWU1 1UlltllamU~LlilLLri~IiIJU ill1il iJ1ll il~l Uj~IIi1~Vjl1lifllilljW~ 6-11 u~hU1IIqjJUllii
all~ tiU1Uj ~IIi1~vtl1tl~IiI1jjli 1 5 -18 elULUUj~t1 ~Llll tJil~
1 2 UUU~ft~~~~1l1fi~~O~ 16~LiNlA1Nftrn~ K~1of=U Radiating
h rULtlUifin1ri~ft1~~n1U~1n~U~~
3 n1nuoil1uLtlUY~kt1I~llhut~m11
4 uniWin~1111i1I1NLjju~nu1An~thLtlu]nuUu urn~u(Wl~ 4 (1U il ~~~~~uliiomA1 tlui)lloftdlu]nuoiuuuN ~U~~ti1U1l1fiiUUUU ft1i1~ nnliudh bullbull~ n~ilftu~~ bullbullIonLIJtfttuLil~ 5 rioUftti~~~~iu~ nuoio~ nbullbull ~il~H1iuou
~ltltl~Ju~~JiJ~~~lh n1jrimfi1~JiJ~~ ~)j1U 1~)1i1~hu1my~lti~iJfJI Viu
1tiUl~LViii iJUrlULLi1ii t1j~ 1ruUmini1 ~1lVl1j~nui1~ ~1U ltl1~ltl1 U
luiJu (Stucco) VIliJampiuLfnlVl (Terra cotta) Li1~iJ~LmliJ1JampiuL~n Qu~1tirlUfuu
ltIiltlJiJ~~~)j1iimnuuUULiiiJ~llnl~-ju fJl1fi~fl llnVlltllU
m~~1UrlU l~uihlt1lt1iltll)jiiultllt1~n (Throne) iJ~tl1~UUi1iJj~81~ (Dome) LL~ni1l~1t1llf1lt1iltlJiJ~fJUL~UUfl~lt1~n1~ ~LUU~ULL uu
ltIiltl~lmY~f~iJ~j1uUjiJ~th~~~(Rangoon) ~iJ tfn~lf1iJ~ (Shweshy
Dagon) ltIh~luVjl1Ii~~1jjjf~ 23 ~~riiJltIh~m~Vjl1Ii~1lt1U1~iJ~ l~u jiJ UltIil t1~Ii~ ldultI~~ ll1L~uii~ fl1j L~mJ J iJ~ lt1mil~u fIjj~ ~~)j1 ~~J1~lrultl~u~m~dhultlmil~ufljj~
111UVllt1~Vjl1fi~Lil1jjjf~ 20 ~ ~)j1L~~ltiliiriiJltIhml1U
fJlLLltl Vtu 11j1tilliiiLiJ~l~riiJll1LnLiluUU~fltl1VI)j tu rULUU ~~ Iijj~ Lil1Uritlj~L l1~~~)j1 1l1U LLltl LJ~j LtiUL~tJ1rlUn1jriiJltloj1~
~1UbJ1U t1jLl1~1mJ ~ ~)j1QU ~ Lilnulii~ ltI1l1il~u fIjj~ ~1U fl1Li1fl1U
il1V1lt1n ltl ~-jntJLill1 iJ ~ LtiUL~tJ1tiU
ltIiltl (Tzedi Zedi)
lVl1j (Temple)
Ill (Kyaung = Monastery)
1ultl1i (Thein = Ordination Hall)
I lllUnG11l1fljUI LLlJi1t1j ampi~lf1jj~ tf 11~ ~)j1l1~li1
fl1~ illVllt1nijlldbu Lill~ LLlii~ lUt1j ~ampi~ 1f1jj~ ltlU1myu~ iJn1j
ltI oj l~~ j ~~ l11ij tI ~j~ l11i j tI~~ltI ~II1~u UUiJ th~ lln~ j ~~ l1 fiq q bull ~t1 ltIiiUlt1~ ultl ltl1iUtl1ltlJ iJ~ fJUL~U uUU~j ~Vj l1fi~ tI I iJ~~ )j1~
lt
1 LL1J1J~Itlt1JtlW MnmnflQtl11 LIIiii-Zedi tTWji)Jlilinln1JIfl~iilLitJ (Indian proshy
ype)
2 ~It1J1L11nfl~ (Shwedagon) ~Lilfl~th~~~ (Rangoon) j~LtIlLL1J1J~1mur~ iiLLtJi
o11JIJilJ11qj u~llill~fi1J~LatilJ Ugtill~1 (Shrin) 1nIJ1utu rtl1Jfl~ rl ~i1~flU1~tl1n1UlnLLfl LLft~ 1~L~Iii~ilVlfifl ~fltl~fl~i LlJ LLfl ~~1 lil~ Lnmiddoti1~Qmtil-hWItutllln~nu1rf (T or Cubical throne)
3 4 ~o1t1un=~~~1bull-7~til-J1jjn=L~lLi1uonu~tiluufi1I1Jl~1
1
ILUU~Ift1tJIIfI-mlhlrltl ~fJ1J altJtJritJfl)fi1tJlItlUi~~1I111l1 Ll~tVltJLU~) L fi1~ LihMituU11 u~ ftll1 mrOftilLiluiiiitiftftliuu Uft 01lJu n
~1riutJlJfln1ffU-ilLlIIft~Lfml
iijnrilJ~1~uli11 IJllJbJlJ tJ Ol~il~tilJ 1lJltJIIlt1~ hjiil1UlilY11~ iIltI IJ ~~ lmXn UltI ~eJ1ilb IJjtJ UblitJUldlriuyj ~ ~yjYli~IJltJOltJ litJl ~OllJ IJ lt11 tJ tJ Ol~1YtJ (IIlt1~ ojtIltJ tJOl~yj~~bijlm~1n~)
U ~ ~~1 ~ 1lJ IJ ~ ~~~ 1 n ~ ~~-ijl11lt1nijlJ ~1 U ~ lu~f~llJldluri
1l1yj-ijl~rn~nu~~OlUlJYl111~iiOl~dl1tJrilJ 81 b~lJ 1l1yj)111oln
ijlJltll~illJ~ ~1tJ~ l~bbltl ~iibb UUI1lt11tJ tJOl~BlJb~tJUlJ l11111b~l~~h
11 ~il ~ tilJ1~tJ ~h~ BlJb~tJ ~~~ ~lJ~ 1lJOl ~jllJyj ti1
nlliillljmjiIl nlJii~~m~~tJOl~yj~jh~t1~blliiOlOl~llJb JlJ
tJOl~il~~lJllJ~~II11~yjYli~~1~~It~ 16 UltI~ 1 7 bb~~l11b1lJii~ rnltU~iIltIIJ ~tJ Ol~l tJn ltI 1~ (Mediaeval) bbltl ~lt1 nltu~~l~ UUU
IJ ~~b yj tU (Conventional) 11 iltJl1 i1 ~ri UnlJii ~~m ~~tJOl~ blJ lJl ltI
bbltl~b U~fl OlltI ~ 1lJii ~~ m~~ tl il ~~lJ tJ Ol~yj ~jhiir mju~b tilJb~tJ1rilJ
riu tJOl~1YtJ mh1ii Ol bJlJbbUullu~Ol illnIJ~~byjtUbbltl ~llbeJ1i1lt1IJ ~
u UU IJ~ ~byj tU~l~~bb IJltI ~ 1I1b iflriU nltU~iIltIIJ~tlil ~ ~lJ1~tJIi11IJ
nllttUl (Cambodia) ~lJ lin tJ Ol~u n IJ ~ ~1~~1~1~lJ nlti1111 tIlJ til ~1 m lu~
Ol liltJ Ol~llJ Ol lul btJ ~~OllJ ldltJ Ol~ IJ~ ~b Y~rilJj tllUltI ~111 illJ-1tIIi1
(Cochin-China) tlill~lJiiiiOltIlJtll~xiUlJ(Funan)
J1tlfleJIlLlJiIlj yjnllf1ll1jntii 9-14 (Pre-Khmer period) I I I
dl~U~YjYll~m~~1jIi 6 bJlJdllJlJl tll1BlJb~tJ ldl~l~~iilJJllJ
Ol~tlJIJ~~bY~~1~1 m~BlJb~tJ Inltl (Further India) IJ~~m~ri~jtll
bJlJ IJ ~ ~b m111ii~ii ~ l 11 BlJ b~tJ ldlbif1~ 1 IJ n 11 ~ Ol~UltI ~1I1B Y 6yj
lV1llJ ll~ ~~ tJOl~ BlJb~tJ uri tll1bii Ol~ ill mJ liltJ mlJYl~(lltl~tJ
m ~~ tJ Ol~lltJ riOllJb tJ~ ~ ~t1~b lliiOl eJ~~l~ b~lb 1lJldl11ii lt1n1jU~ tJ Ol~BlJ b~tJ l~tJ blyj 1 ~ ii Ol illn Y ~ ~ ~ IJlJ poundIn tJ Ol ~ IJ ~ 1~ 11 (Lingashy
prang) illnlJllultI~IIU1~1~1uti (Indian cell amp Chaitya-window)
~ 111 lJ ~ampilJ lmlJ 11111 anVlllUIIlJ~ ~ii1 ~ltI ~~ ~iru 11 ltlltJJlJlhUII tJ il~lll1~ ~111 IIlllJtJii lJ 11111ammhii~lJ 1lJ1ii1tJ 111lJ janjj tli~ l ~11l lt1 ~jj anru~~l11 lJ ~ampilJ InlJ tJ il~ tJlJ
il poundi 1~ 11Il~~ ~ ~vfl1n UUij lJ ~ dl1liiJmA11l1n ~11 ~m tlllJ1~
tllJ~ til ultI ~bb UII illl--h th~ tllJ~ tllllll~~ ~~ llnlJ tJ il~~11 ~11 U q OJ
1~ tJmiltJ uUUilpoundi1~ IIIn~~~llnlJ lllJtJII lJ ~ ~tJ il~ ~IIb~ ml11bil~ 111~ml~Vjlln~~1~ 12 ultI~ 13 lliibn~ll~IllJ~I1il~
~1nvhIIultl~~1mllllltl~ (Chenla) ~mjm~1l1ml1ijiltJil~tllJ~tll ~illJl111Vjlln~m~ 14 tIII 2 tilampiiJtIiilJtlllbtllbUIIiillb~tJ1 tllllii~rll lJ ~lampi~lll~i tJ il~tllJXi til ii~b~lJIiill~111 I1lJ11ii~n
111lJ buIItJnu~11 tJil~illrul lijmbtJlJUUilb~IIb UIIbiln111
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il~ llrutlllilpoundi1~lJ 1nlJ1tJUIIbil~
btJlJjj ~mlltJ~lJ In1IImbfluJ1111tl1IImb~ l~lJ~n bjil~ IllnjjmtIltIlJ~mll~amplbtJlJii~lJ~ntll11IiiMultl~ 3 I~~
ffl llll1 (Religion)
tll1btJlJUUiiil~~ii1~ bbltl~~ ~itl btillbamplmtllltlU all5
lJI11tJl11m~Vjlln~1llllliJltJI1ii~iJltJl~I1lil~~ 2 iJltJ iillbUII
11 an bbli~111lJb ~illiIIm~l~ 11l n~~tJ11iilun lb~l~ilb UIIii1 ~ bbltl ~~~itliJ1~llJ lbn~ 11~il ljjflbiJIImd~5a~1 brimll~1l ll1 ~ ~ bba1 ~~ lJ tJ il ~ n ~~ il fI Il ~1Iiilu 111Utllbti IIbll1lJ
Iii~rIIb il~i111 tJ il ~ btJlJ ii ~ il 11llJ ~ampil111 lJ~ 1~ tJ il~ ~ 1llll1
~1~111ii
eil111ilnl~miliH (Political Power)
1 UUU~~-1~1lWU1l1fl-3Ll~11 CiI U~~-3L~ L~ln-3pJLlfln6U-3 l1~lIfl-31l1UUfn1leurolR~1 2 UU flLlllfl-3lfil rltIl l ijl~)j n1n~~ Lii ~ UUU LLUflUlIfl-3 L~)JtlLli~ lJll
3 pJ~~U (Gallery) i1H Youl UU -Corbelling )1i11m i1gti1IJ Ujl-3)j f1J1)J ntlN-11 riLntl-3Rl-3R1~ UJ IlLIntri1~1 n1f1-31VlujjllLl1~ntj1-3~1 mlLl
1uun11L~ Corbelling Vaults )jfl111~n7~li11~ i-3tiUlIfl-3Ll14t-1Jifl-3L-na-3fil1W
4 5 LLUULR1LVl~tI)JlIfI-3LlI)JI ufI-flJLlflLiiU1If1-3flJ~fl1U~1~n~LR1
Ltlll ~jj ii1U11 tJn ~ ~ fl ~ rlll ~ tf11J01n1~ n 011 ~ tl fl~ tJ ~L fI illfI tI
~~ Ii fl ltI i 1~ elULUU fl4 ltI~ ruJ1UlUll 1nll1 tIlliiYl 11111liL1IUii~ ii1U1 I
LL01fl1 ~ tlli~ ~ll tl fl~Ltlll ~ 1Urlflllilil ~ ~Ilfi 18 tJ~LfI illfI tIllii bull G bull
Lflm1tf lJo1 I1nI1Ufl1 U1Jm Ltlll ~n(lllLilflll o1~ tJ~L flillflm~ll
~ill IJ~~ ~U lliitl nnfl~YirlhllMll~ tf11101lt1~-l~ IULtlll~ (ifl~ti1t1 Ujfl~l101l~ I1nU~ ~ llll1tJt1~rlUllL tJlJ
)11
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1111~ lJU Ltl1f)L01 11 tJ ~ ~Il~lUill di~ il 111 ltllltIQ
rlll~ tl1jjU~~ llllLlUijUtln O1l~
1240-1432 LUUltlltllltltlfl~rl~Lij1BJml~lJUfi 1 jjLjjl~ Roluos LUULjj fl~ l101l~ ltIi1~i111~fiLlJ fl~rl ~1~ LL01Ujfl~lJ1nfl~ (Pra Ko Bakong)
1432-1443 LJUitlltllJtltlfl~rl~~ij1t11lt11~lJUfi 1 m~LJJ~ lllY11~n1~tlO1tJ~YI1U ltli1~Ulfl~rlUlllJ1Ln~ (Phnom
Bakheng)
1471-1484 ~UUitlltllltltlfl~rl~Li1titll~llJfi 4 ltli1~Ljjfl~ l101l~lmjiiflUjfl~1t~~tJ~fi Kha Ker
1487-1511 LUUltfltllJtJtlfl~rl~Lij1~1~tfUfI~1~llJ ltli1~LLjj
lJflUilJflfln (East Meban) IJtJ~jrl (Pre Rup)
L~01UUfl1t1~1t1 (Banteai Srei)
1511-1544 LJUitlltllltltlfl~W~Lij1titll~lJfi 5 ltli1~i111~ YlLUn1il (Phineakas)
1545-1593 LlUitlltllltI tl fl~W~ ~ij1lt1~rn~lJJfi 1 ~lJtlJ1 fltI ltli1~i111~i1LUh (Ta Keo) lminlJU~~llll
ilJ1h~ (Portal) 54middoth~tiUlihJLIIL~mi1LlJ1
2 ri1lflLiltJ~lIpound1~Lft1Litw
3 a1a1tJlIpoundILlI1-J1trQ~lJl1 uiJd1l1illn LLPi~~Cl1UfJnT1)11 llrr LLlJiriiil~li1-J-)
ftmulUn=1~ ~~tulhttJ
204
VilULLltl~LL~UflUil~lUiln (Baphuon and West
Mebon)
1656-1693 LtJUlfltll1poundJ tJfl~Vii~L~lltl~mil1U~ 2 ltlll~Ujjililbull LU~LuiLLltl LLltl~UUYI1poundJltl1IJLL i (Angkor Wat Beng
Mealea and Bantei Samre)
1720- UjjitiIJ~nhIJmilpoundJVilmmJ
1724-1761 LtJU lfltl11poundJ tJ fl~Vi i ~L~lll poundJlil1U ~ 7 ltlll~hl1i VjYItiA1ltlU1~U1poundJU (Bayon) lUU~mlllVl1iLri1 ltll1~lVl1iil1ViiIJLLltl~Vii~t1U (Taprohm amp Pra
Khan)
1823- 1Y1 poundJ poundJnnfl~I1Vi Lii11ni1ULtJIJiLtJUjj~LL in
amul1lpoundJnIJ ltlmUl1IpoundJniiIJ tJfl~LtJIJiiijjl1IJL tJUunLLIiU
LtJUfl4ltlirU lVl1itJfl~LtJIJiiiLfln1l1Viii~1ULLtJ ltlULLltl~~tJm~ LLlJi1
I dliflu LLU Umh~lJ111ntJfl~BUL~poundJ LL~ltlmtJUntJfl~L tJIJi~llifltlll~
~lUltlmUilpoundJniiIJ tJfl~l1IU t1UlJ1LtJULLU UtJfl~L tJIJi Vli~jj 1 tJfl~L tJIJi
LLltll1l~ 1l1LlUii~ BYIfiViltl tJfl~~U UiLltllriLVI~ poundJIJ ~ll)lltl-i ~jjl11LlL tJU
LLUUtJfl~LtJIJiLfl~ (Original) iifl~tJjj1t1 lt51UinjjtlJ~ LnU LltllLLUU
(Caryatids) tJfl~Vinn~mLltl~bl1U i11UUlil~tJU1jj (Balustrades
with nagas) ~tJU1~eltJltli~ltl1poundJ~1IJ ~tJU1jjilnLLi~VlU1~1 LLltl~ lltJ i~tJ fl~BUL~poundJ-i~L tJIJillifU1Lfl1IJ 11tiIiiIilLLtJltl ~L tJU tJi1~i1 ltll1~t1U il1IJ~IJlVl1i Lrlfl1l1fl~i1tJi~nflU tJ fl~ ltlmUIilpoundJniiIJjjjj11IJLtJUun
LLIiUUltl ~jjl1IJ bjlhlf1miifllil1 JULtJUnUell l~poundJ ~tJ fl~LtJIJi
llilpoundJ~11tJm11 Li1fJ11nlti111lifi1 LtJIJiltl11~lVl1itfU 2 LLUU
iifl ltl11~tJi1~i1 (Tower) LLUUVlii~ -i~I~jjIJtJVI~fll~jjIJtJ~l~ ~n LLU U Vlii~rUjj ltl1Uhi1l LLltl ~ltl1U tJ i ~n flU ii fl jj1ii1lVl1iJ~ fl ~ nltll~ ~flIJ i flU ~1 poundJtJ i 1~f( fl ~ il i~~IJ ii~ 1ii1lVl1 iLLltl ~tJ i1~ i1~lJii~~fl~ UU r ~ bull lIpoundJnViULuU IfUl lV11ifl~jjnltl1~Vii~LlJi (Mount Meru) flULuU
205
~Ih~I1u llB~LHhLI1rltJill~~HltlltJ UlJOlll riLH~mJil~aHlntJii~ YiA~~ri hlllJltmiiL~nl HlJltJii~il1~ill1111a1jjii
111 jB~U lJjl~ii B~i11 HqjH~Brlj~lLlJjil ~tJm 111 tflll l11
HlJ ltJii~j ~U U ll B~~ni1lltl
m~ 11111 LL~ au 11~ tJ 111 ~ aln ltl LLoil hiii~ ~ riB al1 ~ llllL 111 B4ajru1ill ll B~ tf 11il dllBBniii111lJ a1tJ nlJUltl ~a~l ~hL~ tJ Llil
nUIIi1jlilLOltJ
ImHII~h ~tl hulqjlJEl~U fl-1Gl ii ~~l9iElllJil io f ~
1 i1ltlBlJjBU lJLIIBI1 1500 x 1300 LlJilj
2 ~1~tl11 (Causeway) iijl1Uulil~lJUli1 iI~ii~Iijj~B~ ilj~liil1111l~Lih (Entrance)
v t x 3 tflU (Terraces) ltl(lHltlunll 3 tfll tfllUjnlJLIIBI1 215 x
187 LlJilj iii111lJa~j1lJnll~~i11 6 5 LlJilj Lvimui~ltll11~I1AUtJ ~ ~ t l11t11 tfl11tflll1 2 il~a~n11tfllLLjn Ultl~tflll1 3 na~n11tflll1 2
i bull bull
tfl1111~ 3 ~IIUoiBlJjBUii1tJiH1ji1il (Galleries) iHlji1il~IIli 2
LLltl~tTII~ 3 iilJjl~iilJj~Uiljol11Btiilj~lJlJ (Comer towers) ilj~ ~
n ltl1~ f111 tTII ~ 3 iilJjl~ii B~iilJj ~(jl11L IuLBn (B1il lJj ~Uijjl11
LI11~lJH~~iil1ii~ii) ~ ~ bull v ~ 4 lHlji1 illlB~ tfl11 tfllUjn lJf11rlillHltlnllllilmLil~lJj~tJ~
d shytI11l~ 600 LlJilj ~~ 2 LlJilj LtJIILjB~jllJLntJjilLLOl~lJHlf11jil~
Ultl~ih~qji~ BiJtJlm~tJ1nUrlj ~iljollf (111jltJtU) Ln~tJjalll1j (Vishnu with the Churning of the Sea of Milk) f11rlilHoin~IIi LLail~hhlllii~IIjna1jjiiuiBilltJ1lJUoil (The day of Judgment)
tJ 11 100 LlJilj il ~L lll ~in ~Y11i11llJ ~ii i111lJ allBti1IIa1jjii ~111 ~in ~Y11i111lJ l11fhoi~ fiJ nlJ (lil lilni ~tf 1n1lJ ~11 jn
mrlilH~n~IIfln~111Hii~tI11lJj~lJlru 100 LlJilj uail~ii~ nljjU Y11iilna~i1jllJl11L~B~jllJL1itJjiilUltl~l11L~B~lJHlmjil~
LlJ~tJ ULlitJ Uf11rlilH~n~IIj~Hh~llB~ujlJlll11(jnullB~
lJWlilUltll tI fl~lJ~ ~lilb tJlJiilau ~lilnulii~lJlnn-h (Decoratives)
bLIiifjj tlililiiillllualil~ flfl n chfJI1 fllilll1LlIlJIlI1ll1LLa ~~11lJ LtJlJ
iillQ~fJ ~ tI fl~ tlllbtllJ i flth ~ bLIiIl~~
5 allilalfJ l111olnilmLIii~iilJjjfl~~11uflth~lJlnlJlfJ1ilJbtJlJ
~L ii1hl1bvi fl~11lJ~ ~l1lJ lfJ 1ilfJLl1lJ 1 ~alJ bvi fl Il ~lilnLLIii~lilatl1 UlilfJm~lJ11111~ ~ ~fl ol~ n1~ il1tiLvi flll ~u ~~mlilu~~tTlJrllJ rlU lil
m~li
eJIlQ ~fJ ~atl1uijn ~blJ ~illillJ~ illiliilfliiim (Divikara)bull
1hohnmi31 1i~11imhlultl111 nlJUi~~lJlm~lJtlfl~
al1fJfifllJbtllJ ~ (Pre-Khmer) JlJUi~aU ~11lJ alJjl11leJl11lJiilau ~ btJlJmh~ll1tYl1al~ llJal1fJbtllJ~ (Khmer period) JlJiilaUlJbtllJ~ lliu i ~l eJ a ~ 1lJtI fl~ 1illJti~ iflJ~ alaii~ ua ~tT~~ ~mnltlnjjUI~Ylblljj
tI fl ~ Ui ~~lJ lmilJ1UilU1Hlli U i~~lJ lmilJ tlfl ~ btlmJlJ t)bb ~ ~ nll~~I1~lill1i~~UlJfln LLa~~11lJ~~n~Ualil~flfln ~i~~I1fi~U tI fl ~ btllJ i 1 jj ltlnl+UI~Ii~millii(lbm1ilJrllJ 1i ~a~Ii fllJ111LlIlJ ti~ m~lJcU~11lJ ~~ntl fl~tlllb tllJiflth~u lill~~
l1ol~llln~I1filllilli~jj~ 18 lUbLltIl iilau ~tlfl~btllJib~lJbafllJ IiifllJ lii1au ~ tI fl ~1111]1Iill1BI1il~ ltlbbriiilau ~tlfl ~b tllJ ~ ~i ~~I1ll ~u
tI fl~ btllJ ~flIiBI1fi~a~i~~ I1fi~U bbUu11tIlfl] Ji~ bblli~I1llllil1~il+ ~ 20 btJ lJ1ilJlu tlllLtllJiUUi fllllalJ1illfJ HlJ1J1lJ
lJl]iila iJ mirlfllJ11 LLa ~iilau~ui~fjntil ~mlltJ1t1fl~b tllJi
IllUIl lJU IllJlJiitT~~ ~ all]nlJ1Jjbb~1UilUI
1lllth (Champa) mifJ II ~ilJ tI fl~U ~~b I1l1(flJ U1 (eJlJUlJl1lfltyllJ1lJU llliilJ)
JlJjjlJ1btJlJWlJtJ llilllJll~ilJ tI fl~ ~lJHibth~ ~fl U~ i fl ~Ui ~bI11l(flJUl
Ji~ ulliri fllJ~ ~atil~ml tl bLa ~l1ol ~ ~ ~atillllilliijj~ 1 4 (~I1fillilliijj ~ 19) 1lJ~~1111~~I1filllill~ijj~ 7 i~ ~I1llll(ilii~~ 18 tlll
i1lJ lJ11lii1u flYIil~nl1 ~li1llJ lijjlJil1nfllJ~~fJ 1lJlllJfJ1Jj1WWln
il1lJiiii1lJ1ilYI1~YIH1jlJ1n illJm~ti~1lJ~YIlii1i11jjlj~ 15 ~ln iilJ lI1fJ Tonkinese llii~ ih fj ~fljltl ~ltl1W1~ tJ~ tJltl~~lnil1lJl1~HlJ ~
Uu bl~h1lJlJ 1~ln il1lJr1~ItJ1ampil LJ
~i ltl~ il1n~ln il1lJ1mtJ1l1riltlll11~iH1j ~~~lniilJllii~11l1fJ i H1j~afJH1 fJ lImiJ ~fJ mjlJ tJ ltl ~ il1lJ ~ ti~ iN ~ Hii ltl ltl tiillJ YInllJl ii ~ iiUltlfJ
V
1 H1jtJltl ~ il1lJlJlJlJ IInljw~1l1~ ltl fJ 1 ~ il1l1fJn U1H1j tJ ltl ~ tJ ~11
mi11iiiltliiYJj~~ulJ~nJ1i1Ii (Cubical Cell) ~~iiLJj~lil~ih 1 LJj~lil blll~ii~LJii1HltlnYlJ 3 lii1lJ Hltl~iniH1j~LJm1fJ~bH~fJlJ (Pyramishy
dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
~llLJ~tJltl~~im Mison ~~ll~ Don-Duong bl~~YIfjil~ljIj
~ 12 blll~ 15 ~UlJjllLJ~JlJ~~ (Classic) hlJjllLJ~tJltl~~iltl~ Binh-Dinh ~ ~ltl~llJ~Hh~ ~ll 1643-204 3 JlJ~UlJjllLJ~llfl ~~ltllJ
~ln il1lJUUiim11l1lJ1nlJlil~UlJhlJ1mlj ~YI1lll1l1lJ1r1ii ~
UUiim Hi ltllJ tllJ lii~ LJ1nlhiiiH1jiJ1fJ~ YIllil1l1lJ1ltl ~ ti Donshy
Doung
thLflAlflu tJlJ tJ 111YIfJlliiltl~ fJ~ il1niill~~1lJ~m~ fJ ~ lliitJltl~ LJ ~~ YIlliilJ
~ tT1lJ 1aLJj~~YIil1YIfJ~~ LL~lIl1fJ 1Uj1Wmll 1lJ~YIIlllmjjlj~ 11 tJ111YIfJlliill11~ ltl1W1i1mti1lJ~i1t1lJ1lJtilJlJ1lJ (Yunnan) ltl1W1
i1nliiil11lJhi1IYI1 ~ LJ jdampill1l1~ilJ 1n blll ~llii~n~11l1fJl~fJ nUl1l1hlJ (Kublai Khan) 1lJ~YI1lll~1jljti 18 tJ111Y1fJii1liiltl~ ltl~ fJ~il1nblflllJti 1lJ~i1 ~ tT1lJ1tl~ LJ~LYIll~ ~jj 1blll ~LJ~LYIll1YIt
~UlJii1lJ1lJlJ1n
~~LL~Vll1li~lIll~~IYf 11-13 rULtJUtJWj~L~fl~i1fl~fllrul
~ml111~11amphJ~~tllt1UlURltJI111~l1WUilflVjl1li~lRUlehtJllUtJ1U
tJni1 ~fl~fllrul UlLlru1l ~ LtJU tJ~ ~L I1Al11 tJiJ II ~ uUil iJLijfl~hiqf1 lifl Ui1~tJ~~ ~I1fl~ llVl(~ (ll~H) ltl1iU 1ll1 ~lltJ~i1fl~R~tJ
1111 ~ l1ampi llii1iill1fiVlll LLri ~ll tJ ~111~ LIIUfl iI fl ~IlltJ IihtJ
1UVjl1 li~ 1Il1~IYf 13 ~ lt11~~~ljl1mLli~ tI ~11 iJiilU1II
tJni1~mUIIll~~ll1~ ii1 tltJ lLtJULiJfl~lhjhy 1lilJU li~~~ i1fl~
~lj 11tJ IIIn III flUtii iJ fl ~ tJ ~ ~L 11 ~1 11 tJhiu~l tJ ii ~ IIlflULIIU fl ii~ LiJ fl ~
Lt1tJ~LLRU Vlln~ll~mrUilflVjl1li~lRUlehtJ~II1tJ1U
1I1nVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 16-18 LiJ~~iJiilUll1tJni1~fl~nli1 IIldU flflm5tJ~LIIUfl nli1nlll~ Ull ~lll~ltilU i1flmli1LIIUflilfl~
tJ ~ ~L I1~1 I1tJ tll1Li1~~rU iI flT~ ~lRUl11UIIlLLll ~Vl I1li ~lRU liJ1 tJ ~IIltJlU
tll11I1tJltiilJ R~ IJR1Ufl ~ rlUtlU tllUi~ flqf ~ ll1~ LLll ~L i1~ ~
fl ~ LtJ U ~lIll ~~ IY Iii~r U1lilJU li ~~~ U~ ~~ll tJ ~ Ii ~ i1 lmmlrlU ~ LVl ~ 1 ~h1lilJ U li~ ~~ iJ fl~ tl Uti1 Ui LII huiJ ii~ 1 1I1nBULampi tJ 1ii~rU
1lilJU li~ ~~ iI fl~Ill tJ Ii ~ 11U fl ~ tlU n1 ~URIIl~flflnl11~Vjl1fitlqfqfl iI fl~ BU Lampi tJ lib tJ LL~Lj fl ~ IIIn tIUtilUi1l ~ ~l~tlUL tJUtJmL~U 11U1mUVjl1li
~1Il1~~IY~ 18 ru llliojU1lilJUli~~~~1111niulihtJ1l~LtJUR~n1~BU hiqf1U~ ~IIil~ tllUi~1~1 1ULflLil tJ flli1Lruil fL~~lliuml~LIIlqf ~ J ~~L~fl~i1U
LLi11U~1~1 iJfl~1I1tJ1l~~~lliUL tJUBR~~luR~tJ1mlrurU~~ fl~I11~mmllUfl iJLiJfl~Lt1tJ~URU LiJfl~~h~ LiJfl~Vl~LtJl LiJfl~IIlll~
Vl~~U1~ ~~U~tJ~~~lruVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 15
Amlt1hhtityIJfl~Itu iJlli~~flltJil Vltlillmllf 1781 rifl~~fllrul~mRliJlltJ
1818-1860 ojtllf~tJilfl~yjflJU~l~fhLll~~i1tfl~
iI fl Hjl iIlltJ 1U ~ ~tJ ~L1ll1 LiiitJltlU tlU ojtllf~ tJ
2
44
3
bull bull 4
Renuf1fJ n11)1ltJi1 J1~fIIfl1tJ PI R~ riUfttl1UltJ ninJ~fl~iiuLVI L11 L1lJ rilJ1t11 Ufl ~ J ~WJ1ngt1~~
1 Lffl1ULllft1 (Club-house) tItl~tUJ11JJiIJtUt1JJ1f111
2 171m nuuu14Oj1uIi1fu]MnWJ0iil ~1~ Hnu1-o11J1u1JrLgt1 ~iiU~L UL~~
Ufltl1Jt~1
3 ~uuthu1gt1~-iiU~LUL~~
4 5 ftCl1iJfltJniiJJlJf)~~U
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1J fI ~Ii flY lJj llJ rllbb II~ Ii fI IIlJ bll ~j 1 fJ ah ~ bil fI ~
btlfJ~jlmbltt ~Ujfl~ btlfJ ~1IIjj
1893 Wj~bjljllJ1Bu~ah~n1~~f1f1limbJlJUjfl~
IIltt1~1IIjj1JfI~lI1fJ
1910 n1~ll1JI1fJ~lJnun1~~f1f1ll~1 231 0 n1~~f1f1llmbamlfiW~jjl ill~1II11fJ
2 318 Wj~bjl111nitlJj1lJl11mJlJtJnbb~lJ ah~Ujfl~
IIltl1~ 1IIjjiilllJljl
2325 bjlWj~mjnl bJlJn~1Illl~lJjl1f1~fjnl
al1~n1~l1IlJlnitlJI1i ~
2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
(King Mongkut) b~lJliilbijlJWj~jl1falJ-WlJllllJ1Il nUlJIIllillJlllh~Ib~bl1~
2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
f1~111 (King Chulalongkorn) Ulf11jtJlijjlJ
1IdlJ1InbiillJl-WIilJlJl1b~b I1~1 11pound1
iialla3TtlfifllJl11tJ (Pre Thai Periods)
~GiI1mrtJm111Wi (Davaravari Art)
illtt IJ ~mr poundI 1111 jl1~al1~ ~lJ bvi f1~lalJ lVjl1llH1 fJ lJ 111 fJ 1lJ
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all U~~n~~~~ 1~1l1i1 bwQ ~ ~ ~~1~ ~ hu111qjll mHII~
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lu blul~1111~au~ml~ldiii ~jlt1~ bba~b~~~ wa~~~~d~nu bii~~illntJl~l1n~lum~u~~l~~la~ bbu u~til~~aU~l1al~ bbuului~~lntiil~mildl~~til~bbjjU~Ul1 nuamu~~m~~lu btlutJ~~ail~lumj~1~
lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
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~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
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3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
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lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
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~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
~ln~lmvlmj~L01l~W~tiil101U1 lUUl1n~l~nU 1tJJ1mtJ~~ 111tl
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I (8
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3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
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LU uil n~~u -0 L~1~ ~r~d~mo ~~il niiuuoilnlffiJuutJ ~o
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a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
LUlJdilJ fl1lJll1j~ltlh~~LUlJ lJjtJlJUUlJ ~mL~~libu a1~alU lJ jlJ
(Stucco)
LlU u ltlti 1 ~ila tI ~ tJ ltl ~f11l1L VIU ltl tJlJldiUllJ 11tl1lJltlm tJ ~u flj jlJ tJ ltl~ 1mfu di1U Ill mjllULltl1ltlmtJ~unj jlJ tJ ltl~L tJlJ jlJ1
ltll1~ LUlJtI jl~cent1 jjl~tltlj~ltl~il~ltiLtilJL~U1rlU ltlUti LLUU tIjl~il ~ltl1U~1lJ~~ltl~~1~lJVI151~ Yl~~lan ~ltllJl1lJltllJUltlfjfiUl~ltllJ tI alfJ Lla ~1lJ ltllJul~lJ 1nillJI11 I1j~tJltl~W j ~LiI~6LLa ~Wj ~t1jl~il
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ldiLLU UW j ~Vj I1fil tI ill n1VIlJlJ lltlil~W j ~Vj I1fil tI LUlJLLUU 11tJ 11U
tJ ltl~~lJ illJ LL~L jlltl1 lalJUItjllJldih LtJ l1dill11lJ tJlJ~la1i1 ~~ ltll1~ LlU U llnW j ~Vjl1 5ltlm~fl1l1LVIU ltl lI~lJ~fllJ lL~ flWj ~ltl~ ~ i~mldiLtlllJ lt~afllJWj~Vjl1fiil1ltllJl1lJ1tJI1UldiulLLUUWj ~Vjl1fi ltllJlJL~Uua~i~mL tlllJldi1Uit ~ldi1I1l111lJtJlJma1i11VI~LLriilaUlJ ltl1tJI1U Wj~WI15jtlit ~illtl UlJ1I1U~~ltlll~tlJtJlJ L~lJ1tldiUlI1lJ
-illnlflui~ 1lJwl1~il1ltllJ1Lta ~lI11lJjjt1~ii~1i1 tJfl~illtltJlJ i1n~ru~
2
3
1 L6ltl1JLL1JUllUU1la~eUpoundJitllitJjjimtuWLAMtHfl~n1
2 LtUDtl~rujUtlqlltJ1tlth)tJ~111 jj49J~D~~ )J11ln LLuueU11UIiItlnrnjYIHJl1P1lwUtl
urntiULf1nu L~~r~UU qll~
31uftj~ti ~ti~1~tiUUfl1 ~ ~tI~ftj~ ~uLn~Ull f ~L~ ~ ~1~nfl1~Luua~ ntiftr~1I1 ~
l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
iiia 11~tI f1~ lt11tII1tnlUhumhtlYlflI1JJlf1rilUnUilI1imiJJ1Yltl LLa ~ if~ fl~jj f1~ ~a f1I1JJ 11U~~Uiila 11 mtllll~Iiitl lii~liULilf1lilmi1
lliii1iiiauU1tII1tllIiiLLltlI1~fIf1 0 ~ ~ f11iJJ tUfllJJ i~o tI fI ~ yj 1 ~1Yl tl
llhnUiila11LtJUltlri 1~~ ~
Lfl~iNilU6iUun ~lI1~am~iila11~tIltl~1Yltl1mlru~uu i ljjfl lJJ ~ 11~ lJJ ltl ri 1 ~ ~ ~ 11 i Lll YlllU ~ M ltlLfl ~ ltl ~ iJU~U L~ 1 tI ltl ~ ltIiifllamLa lt11tII1tllU~Yl li~I1ii~~ 19-20 ~ ~LtJU~i~oflUiii
bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
110U~H tJU ~~h lll ltl1lHjj ~n yj 1~110U~~ Iiitl al1altl ~Jl111a
u ii111~OmL~o I Lfl11 ltl uliitl ~Lti tleiltlUliU1jhwlulUvHimi
~~ LUJilmjjltllltJ1U LL~flillt1Ulil~~
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ltI(llij~tlO~ ltlU1Ul1tlOiiJJtIltl~ltI~tlltl~litll~UUtlJJ 1jill1mL~~ LtJU~llj~ii ri ltlJJ LLIiUltlUi1iiia 11 ltI~ tlltltl litJ1UUlliiiu BYlll~ a ill 0 iill ~ ~jj i ltlU tlJJ m ~ illll01i I1mL~~ LtJUvlL~jf liU
ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
flU tU 1U~Ylti~I1iijf~ 21 ltltl tirll11iimialUWillU lmim~ lt1m UI1tl OiiJJ ltl til ~ LUJJJ~ U ii1111Ultlli 1ll1i ~ i ~L il iiili ~ i 11il~ii 11ilalYlilll~ lliiltlil~~UhlifL01tl11llJJI1 LVitl~U~ Y1il01mlruamU~Lll11 ltlltl~liUfth 11Lil ltl~Uh WUltlrl
~lUthUlYlal1alri (Ornamental works) tlfI~a~tlltlfltitJ1
liUjj ijru~hm~iiImJ~~ ~ ~ ~ ai1~ tUltlril~JJ 10JJ1rllliiLui ~1U til ~ lall ~lULLnn ~lULfl~ltl~O ell LLaLfl~ltl~Lfl11ltlU alllULfJ~ltl~ Lfl11ltlU~~li~1tltil1U11i~L Yl~iiU uaell~ ~jjal1altl61~111thlU
thLYl~BULiiitlliU h~lYlmtJU~ltlltlOU UUal1alri (Designs) ua
il (Colour) il~Iiiltl~(iltlilLtJUiilatl1Yltl
~1ULii~~1~J11JU~~U~~fi~1 iuLilu~ bullbullljl~1bullfu~bull bullbullh~~~U 1Lu~1ufeln~ul~bullbull~ilulm mII1t1lbullbullbull1~ 1J1JLtJ1~iumru~uunuulu1u~nutJTilu1numU~
h iiill1 fliill UUU flth~~j VP1ti~t1 tJ fl~ fltl tilllt1llL~lJ illmflJmil1fl~ I1ifllJlj~ldiu Bl1ii~ilillnLLu U~j~l1tijtltJfl~allll
il~Ul LLil allll a1tJl11l LLI1iLLUU ~alJ tJfl~eil1fl~ LLil a1 tJl11lt1ll1l1diij
~ ~ ~
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L~ jl ~lll t1j ~flijlJ111l1L~lJ LrifllJ il ~ 1II ifmjji l~ll~1t1t1ll
~j111 fjjtl allll flll fjllltJ l~~rualJU~m~lJj~m~LLil~~1il bull U ~ I
~ iii jn jjll tJru~ll tJl1l1LtJllijll iin ill~ tJfl~nll11 j~lJl ~jj~t1ll fltl tilllfiLtJllijll iin ill~ tJ fl~~~jflijlJ eillnll~~jmjlJ 1111 L~lJ dilllJ lillnmj iilH iin illllLllllUllullll i1ll (Engraving) 1l ~
LLUu~~~a~LtJlltJfl~~l~i1ltilJ ul1~a1tJl11l lll~l1fj~mjw~ 19bull I
I1ifllJ lfildiuri1ll~L tilllli1mjlllllL~ fl~ l~j1Jll (B uddhist Cosmoshy
logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
~jt1jl~iil~jltiUjru ij~Hl~~jll~jmflll tilll L1111 tJ fl~~flll dill~l1 ti~ mjjIt~ 20 Illnll~ ~jmjlJLlIihi1il~ Lti llllldiLii ll llj 11
~ II ifllL11 llH~ H illllH~ eiIIL11 Illii~ 1il ~ Lti ll IIall1l11i fllJ1 Ii ~iJ ~lJ Lti llll1ll~~ jVj 11 fj ~ 11 L1111 LLm ul1i ih~~ Hi flij~ j almi~~lllJij fl
fl~lil~ Iihlli1Lflm~ii ~lLiJlljflll~llJ l~ll~t1jl~illnmjUll~n Hiiny1 II Ljlj~ all iJ1ty 11111 nll~~jmjlJ ~l ~11~ LA mrlu fl~ii t1jnflU1l1~Ua~~lliL~llii~L~fl~til~nHiflVjl1titlj1ampit1ll lliiL~lJ t1llLrifl~fllltlillll Hifl~fllldillVjl1tiif~jj~ 21 nll~~mjlJ ~1~11~~~Ujjil~il~Pl~1lljH11~Vjl1tiif~jj~21 i1 nll
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Fle] wmfr 223
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almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
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chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
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m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
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5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
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bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
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1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
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blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
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7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
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1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
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mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
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Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
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(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
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a Mountain Stream)
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(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
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btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
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0
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~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
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(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
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111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
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~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
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gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
i11au1ilu1l1lJutl~milUtJ~ b~~liiu lIa~~1lll1~rltf1 Ulii~ ltIt
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Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
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~1U11j~mtl1njjtl311flUtJfl~fl~Iili1~jj~~12 UOl~ 13 fl1il
b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
Renaissance hi 111t11IiiElniIlOltJfl~iiju miJ~tlmjtltJfl~tUiJu hib~tltiuflth~il~~lij~lufl~Iili1mjw~7 1uu fli1 624 1Iiib1i~ ~Uiin0l1~i11u1tiuii~ 4 4 6 bb11~ lV11jl1~ tiu UUflOlfl~j1nli ~ bUUriljUOl ~b1jjlj1U1Ujfl~ojU
ITo NARA (710-785)
U1j1bUUbjj fl ~~U iin0l1~I11 ~i11U1 bbOl ~n1jbjj fl ~ tJ fl~tU iJu
111 fl~ 1ili1~j j~~ 8 bUU~tJau~ ~ 1Vlqj tJ fl~ i0l 11 ~bbOl ~i11U1 l1i~~b itmnUl1 Tempyo 1Ubjjfl~U1j1jjuuu flth~miJ~omjlJ ~~jmjtl bbOl ~11j ~mtl1mjtl~bfhbbfi~l~tJ fl~tUiJU lV11j~l1~ liiol1liiifllV11j Horyuji l1~luu fli1 589 ~n1yj1V11lbl1oVl101u
U fli1 650 bbOl~l1~tiu1V1ti1ufl~Iili1~jj~~8 tiubUU1V11j
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Kitao Shigemasa 1739-1820 AD
Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
Toshusai Sharaku -1825 AD
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Katsushika Hokusai 1760-1849 AD
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o11JIJilJ11qj u~llill~fi1J~LatilJ Ugtill~1 (Shrin) 1nIJ1utu rtl1Jfl~ rl ~i1~flU1~tl1n1UlnLLfl LLft~ 1~L~Iii~ilVlfifl ~fltl~fl~i LlJ LLfl ~~1 lil~ Lnmiddoti1~Qmtil-hWItutllln~nu1rf (T or Cubical throne)
3 4 ~o1t1un=~~~1bull-7~til-J1jjn=L~lLi1uonu~tiluufi1I1Jl~1
1
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U ~ ~~1 ~ 1lJ IJ ~ ~~~ 1 n ~ ~~-ijl11lt1nijlJ ~1 U ~ lu~f~llJldluri
1l1yj-ijl~rn~nu~~OlUlJYl111~iiOl~dl1tJrilJ 81 b~lJ 1l1yj)111oln
ijlJltll~illJ~ ~1tJ~ l~bbltl ~iibb UUI1lt11tJ tJOl~BlJb~tJUlJ l11111b~l~~h
11 ~il ~ tilJ1~tJ ~h~ BlJb~tJ ~~~ ~lJ~ 1lJOl ~jllJyj ti1
nlliillljmjiIl nlJii~~m~~tJOl~yj~jh~t1~blliiOlOl~llJb JlJ
tJOl~il~~lJllJ~~II11~yjYli~~1~~It~ 16 UltI~ 1 7 bb~~l11b1lJii~ rnltU~iIltIIJ ~tJ Ol~l tJn ltI 1~ (Mediaeval) bbltl ~lt1 nltu~~l~ UUU
IJ ~~b yj tU (Conventional) 11 iltJl1 i1 ~ri UnlJii ~~m ~~tJOl~ blJ lJl ltI
bbltl~b U~fl OlltI ~ 1lJii ~~ m~~ tl il ~~lJ tJ Ol~yj ~jhiir mju~b tilJb~tJ1rilJ
riu tJOl~1YtJ mh1ii Ol bJlJbbUullu~Ol illnIJ~~byjtUbbltl ~llbeJ1i1lt1IJ ~
u UU IJ~ ~byj tU~l~~bb IJltI ~ 1I1b iflriU nltU~iIltIIJ~tlil ~ ~lJ1~tJIi11IJ
nllttUl (Cambodia) ~lJ lin tJ Ol~u n IJ ~ ~1~~1~1~lJ nlti1111 tIlJ til ~1 m lu~
Ol liltJ Ol~llJ Ol lul btJ ~~OllJ ldltJ Ol~ IJ~ ~b Y~rilJj tllUltI ~111 illJ-1tIIi1
(Cochin-China) tlill~lJiiiiOltIlJtll~xiUlJ(Funan)
J1tlfleJIlLlJiIlj yjnllf1ll1jntii 9-14 (Pre-Khmer period) I I I
dl~U~YjYll~m~~1jIi 6 bJlJdllJlJl tll1BlJb~tJ ldl~l~~iilJJllJ
Ol~tlJIJ~~bY~~1~1 m~BlJb~tJ Inltl (Further India) IJ~~m~ri~jtll
bJlJ IJ ~ ~b m111ii~ii ~ l 11 BlJ b~tJ ldlbif1~ 1 IJ n 11 ~ Ol~UltI ~1I1B Y 6yj
lV1llJ ll~ ~~ tJOl~ BlJb~tJ uri tll1bii Ol~ ill mJ liltJ mlJYl~(lltl~tJ
m ~~ tJ Ol~lltJ riOllJb tJ~ ~ ~t1~b lliiOl eJ~~l~ b~lb 1lJldl11ii lt1n1jU~ tJ Ol~BlJ b~tJ l~tJ blyj 1 ~ ii Ol illn Y ~ ~ ~ IJlJ poundIn tJ Ol ~ IJ ~ 1~ 11 (Lingashy
prang) illnlJllultI~IIU1~1~1uti (Indian cell amp Chaitya-window)
~ 111 lJ ~ampilJ lmlJ 11111 anVlllUIIlJ~ ~ii1 ~ltI ~~ ~iru 11 ltlltJJlJlhUII tJ il~lll1~ ~111 IIlllJtJii lJ 11111ammhii~lJ 1lJ1ii1tJ 111lJ janjj tli~ l ~11l lt1 ~jj anru~~l11 lJ ~ampilJ InlJ tJ il~ tJlJ
il poundi 1~ 11Il~~ ~ ~vfl1n UUij lJ ~ dl1liiJmA11l1n ~11 ~m tlllJ1~
tllJ~ til ultI ~bb UII illl--h th~ tllJ~ tllllll~~ ~~ llnlJ tJ il~~11 ~11 U q OJ
1~ tJmiltJ uUUilpoundi1~ IIIn~~~llnlJ lllJtJII lJ ~ ~tJ il~ ~IIb~ ml11bil~ 111~ml~Vjlln~~1~ 12 ultI~ 13 lliibn~ll~IllJ~I1il~
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111lJ buIItJnu~11 tJil~illrul lijmbtJlJUUilb~IIb UIIbiln111
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il~ llrutlllilpoundi1~lJ 1nlJ1tJUIIbil~
btJlJjj ~mlltJ~lJ In1IImbfluJ1111tl1IImb~ l~lJ~n bjil~ IllnjjmtIltIlJ~mll~amplbtJlJii~lJ~ntll11IiiMultl~ 3 I~~
ffl llll1 (Religion)
tll1btJlJUUiiil~~ii1~ bbltl~~ ~itl btillbamplmtllltlU all5
lJI11tJl11m~Vjlln~1llllliJltJI1ii~iJltJl~I1lil~~ 2 iJltJ iillbUII
11 an bbli~111lJb ~illiIIm~l~ 11l n~~tJ11iilun lb~l~ilb UIIii1 ~ bbltl ~~~itliJ1~llJ lbn~ 11~il ljjflbiJIImd~5a~1 brimll~1l ll1 ~ ~ bba1 ~~ lJ tJ il ~ n ~~ il fI Il ~1Iiilu 111Utllbti IIbll1lJ
Iii~rIIb il~i111 tJ il ~ btJlJ ii ~ il 11llJ ~ampil111 lJ~ 1~ tJ il~ ~ 1llll1
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1 UUU~~-1~1lWU1l1fl-3Ll~11 CiI U~~-3L~ L~ln-3pJLlfln6U-3 l1~lIfl-31l1UUfn1leurolR~1 2 UU flLlllfl-3lfil rltIl l ijl~)j n1n~~ Lii ~ UUU LLUflUlIfl-3 L~)JtlLli~ lJll
3 pJ~~U (Gallery) i1H Youl UU -Corbelling )1i11m i1gti1IJ Ujl-3)j f1J1)J ntlN-11 riLntl-3Rl-3R1~ UJ IlLIntri1~1 n1f1-31VlujjllLl1~ntj1-3~1 mlLl
1uun11L~ Corbelling Vaults )jfl111~n7~li11~ i-3tiUlIfl-3Ll14t-1Jifl-3L-na-3fil1W
4 5 LLUULR1LVl~tI)JlIfI-3LlI)JI ufI-flJLlflLiiU1If1-3flJ~fl1U~1~n~LR1
Ltlll ~jj ii1U11 tJn ~ ~ fl ~ rlll ~ tf11J01n1~ n 011 ~ tl fl~ tJ ~L fI illfI tI
~~ Ii fl ltI i 1~ elULUU fl4 ltI~ ruJ1UlUll 1nll1 tIlliiYl 11111liL1IUii~ ii1U1 I
LL01fl1 ~ tlli~ ~ll tl fl~Ltlll ~ 1Urlflllilil ~ ~Ilfi 18 tJ~LfI illfI tIllii bull G bull
Lflm1tf lJo1 I1nI1Ufl1 U1Jm Ltlll ~n(lllLilflll o1~ tJ~L flillflm~ll
~ill IJ~~ ~U lliitl nnfl~YirlhllMll~ tf11101lt1~-l~ IULtlll~ (ifl~ti1t1 Ujfl~l101l~ I1nU~ ~ llll1tJt1~rlUllL tJlJ
)11
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1111~ lJU Ltl1f)L01 11 tJ ~ ~Il~lUill di~ il 111 ltllltIQ
rlll~ tl1jjU~~ llllLlUijUtln O1l~
1240-1432 LUUltlltllltltlfl~rl~Lij1BJml~lJUfi 1 jjLjjl~ Roluos LUULjj fl~ l101l~ ltIi1~i111~fiLlJ fl~rl ~1~ LL01Ujfl~lJ1nfl~ (Pra Ko Bakong)
1432-1443 LJUitlltllJtltlfl~rl~~ij1t11lt11~lJUfi 1 m~LJJ~ lllY11~n1~tlO1tJ~YI1U ltli1~Ulfl~rlUlllJ1Ln~ (Phnom
Bakheng)
1471-1484 ~UUitlltllltltlfl~rl~Li1titll~llJfi 4 ltli1~Ljjfl~ l101l~lmjiiflUjfl~1t~~tJ~fi Kha Ker
1487-1511 LUUltfltllJtJtlfl~rl~Lij1~1~tfUfI~1~llJ ltli1~LLjj
lJflUilJflfln (East Meban) IJtJ~jrl (Pre Rup)
L~01UUfl1t1~1t1 (Banteai Srei)
1511-1544 LJUitlltllltltlfl~W~Lij1titll~lJfi 5 ltli1~i111~ YlLUn1il (Phineakas)
1545-1593 LlUitlltllltI tl fl~W~ ~ij1lt1~rn~lJJfi 1 ~lJtlJ1 fltI ltli1~i111~i1LUh (Ta Keo) lminlJU~~llll
ilJ1h~ (Portal) 54middoth~tiUlihJLIIL~mi1LlJ1
2 ri1lflLiltJ~lIpound1~Lft1Litw
3 a1a1tJlIpoundILlI1-J1trQ~lJl1 uiJd1l1illn LLPi~~Cl1UfJnT1)11 llrr LLlJiriiil~li1-J-)
ftmulUn=1~ ~~tulhttJ
204
VilULLltl~LL~UflUil~lUiln (Baphuon and West
Mebon)
1656-1693 LtJUlfltll1poundJ tJfl~Vii~L~lltl~mil1U~ 2 ltlll~Ujjililbull LU~LuiLLltl LLltl~UUYI1poundJltl1IJLL i (Angkor Wat Beng
Mealea and Bantei Samre)
1720- UjjitiIJ~nhIJmilpoundJVilmmJ
1724-1761 LtJU lfltl11poundJ tJ fl~Vi i ~L~lll poundJlil1U ~ 7 ltlll~hl1i VjYItiA1ltlU1~U1poundJU (Bayon) lUU~mlllVl1iLri1 ltll1~lVl1iil1ViiIJLLltl~Vii~t1U (Taprohm amp Pra
Khan)
1823- 1Y1 poundJ poundJnnfl~I1Vi Lii11ni1ULtJIJiLtJUjj~LL in
amul1lpoundJnIJ ltlmUl1IpoundJniiIJ tJfl~LtJIJiiijjl1IJL tJUunLLIiU
LtJUfl4ltlirU lVl1itJfl~LtJIJiiiLfln1l1Viii~1ULLtJ ltlULLltl~~tJm~ LLlJi1
I dliflu LLU Umh~lJ111ntJfl~BUL~poundJ LL~ltlmtJUntJfl~L tJIJi~llifltlll~
~lUltlmUilpoundJniiIJ tJfl~l1IU t1UlJ1LtJULLU UtJfl~L tJIJi Vli~jj 1 tJfl~L tJIJi
LLltll1l~ 1l1LlUii~ BYIfiViltl tJfl~~U UiLltllriLVI~ poundJIJ ~ll)lltl-i ~jjl11LlL tJU
LLUUtJfl~LtJIJiLfl~ (Original) iifl~tJjj1t1 lt51UinjjtlJ~ LnU LltllLLUU
(Caryatids) tJfl~Vinn~mLltl~bl1U i11UUlil~tJU1jj (Balustrades
with nagas) ~tJU1~eltJltli~ltl1poundJ~1IJ ~tJU1jjilnLLi~VlU1~1 LLltl~ lltJ i~tJ fl~BUL~poundJ-i~L tJIJillifU1Lfl1IJ 11tiIiiIilLLtJltl ~L tJU tJi1~i1 ltll1~t1U il1IJ~IJlVl1i Lrlfl1l1fl~i1tJi~nflU tJ fl~ ltlmUIilpoundJniiIJjjjj11IJLtJUun
LLIiUUltl ~jjl1IJ bjlhlf1miifllil1 JULtJUnUell l~poundJ ~tJ fl~LtJIJi
llilpoundJ~11tJm11 Li1fJ11nlti111lifi1 LtJIJiltl11~lVl1itfU 2 LLUU
iifl ltl11~tJi1~i1 (Tower) LLUUVlii~ -i~I~jjIJtJVI~fll~jjIJtJ~l~ ~n LLU U Vlii~rUjj ltl1Uhi1l LLltl ~ltl1U tJ i ~n flU ii fl jj1ii1lVl1iJ~ fl ~ nltll~ ~flIJ i flU ~1 poundJtJ i 1~f( fl ~ il i~~IJ ii~ 1ii1lVl1 iLLltl ~tJ i1~ i1~lJii~~fl~ UU r ~ bull lIpoundJnViULuU IfUl lV11ifl~jjnltl1~Vii~LlJi (Mount Meru) flULuU
205
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111 jB~U lJjl~ii B~i11 HqjH~Brlj~lLlJjil ~tJm 111 tflll l11
HlJ ltJii~j ~U U ll B~~ni1lltl
m~ 11111 LL~ au 11~ tJ 111 ~ aln ltl LLoil hiii~ ~ riB al1 ~ llllL 111 B4ajru1ill ll B~ tf 11il dllBBniii111lJ a1tJ nlJUltl ~a~l ~hL~ tJ Llil
nUIIi1jlilLOltJ
ImHII~h ~tl hulqjlJEl~U fl-1Gl ii ~~l9iElllJil io f ~
1 i1ltlBlJjBU lJLIIBI1 1500 x 1300 LlJilj
2 ~1~tl11 (Causeway) iijl1Uulil~lJUli1 iI~ii~Iijj~B~ ilj~liil1111l~Lih (Entrance)
v t x 3 tflU (Terraces) ltl(lHltlunll 3 tfll tfllUjnlJLIIBI1 215 x
187 LlJilj iii111lJa~j1lJnll~~i11 6 5 LlJilj Lvimui~ltll11~I1AUtJ ~ ~ t l11t11 tfl11tflll1 2 il~a~n11tfllLLjn Ultl~tflll1 3 na~n11tflll1 2
i bull bull
tfl1111~ 3 ~IIUoiBlJjBUii1tJiH1ji1il (Galleries) iHlji1il~IIli 2
LLltl~tTII~ 3 iilJjl~iilJj~Uiljol11Btiilj~lJlJ (Comer towers) ilj~ ~
n ltl1~ f111 tTII ~ 3 iilJjl~ii B~iilJj ~(jl11L IuLBn (B1il lJj ~Uijjl11
LI11~lJH~~iil1ii~ii) ~ ~ bull v ~ 4 lHlji1 illlB~ tfl11 tfllUjn lJf11rlillHltlnllllilmLil~lJj~tJ~
d shytI11l~ 600 LlJilj ~~ 2 LlJilj LtJIILjB~jllJLntJjilLLOl~lJHlf11jil~
Ultl~ih~qji~ BiJtJlm~tJ1nUrlj ~iljollf (111jltJtU) Ln~tJjalll1j (Vishnu with the Churning of the Sea of Milk) f11rlilHoin~IIi LLail~hhlllii~IIjna1jjiiuiBilltJ1lJUoil (The day of Judgment)
tJ 11 100 LlJilj il ~L lll ~in ~Y11i11llJ ~ii i111lJ allBti1IIa1jjii ~111 ~in ~Y11i111lJ l11fhoi~ fiJ nlJ (lil lilni ~tf 1n1lJ ~11 jn
mrlilH~n~IIfln~111Hii~tI11lJj~lJlru 100 LlJilj uail~ii~ nljjU Y11iilna~i1jllJl11L~B~jllJL1itJjiilUltl~l11L~B~lJHlmjil~
LlJ~tJ ULlitJ Uf11rlilH~n~IIj~Hh~llB~ujlJlll11(jnullB~
lJWlilUltll tI fl~lJ~ ~lilb tJlJiilau ~lilnulii~lJlnn-h (Decoratives)
bLIiifjj tlililiiillllualil~ flfl n chfJI1 fllilll1LlIlJIlI1ll1LLa ~~11lJ LtJlJ
iillQ~fJ ~ tI fl~ tlllbtllJ i flth ~ bLIiIl~~
5 allilalfJ l111olnilmLIii~iilJjjfl~~11uflth~lJlnlJlfJ1ilJbtJlJ
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m~li
eJIlQ ~fJ ~atl1uijn ~blJ ~illillJ~ illiliilfliiim (Divikara)bull
1hohnmi31 1i~11imhlultl111 nlJUi~~lJlm~lJtlfl~
al1fJfifllJbtllJ ~ (Pre-Khmer) JlJUi~aU ~11lJ alJjl11leJl11lJiilau ~ btJlJmh~ll1tYl1al~ llJal1fJbtllJ~ (Khmer period) JlJiilaUlJbtllJ~ lliu i ~l eJ a ~ 1lJtI fl~ 1illJti~ iflJ~ alaii~ ua ~tT~~ ~mnltlnjjUI~Ylblljj
tI fl ~ Ui ~~lJ lmilJ1UilU1Hlli U i~~lJ lmilJ tlfl ~ btlmJlJ t)bb ~ ~ nll~~I1~lill1i~~UlJfln LLa~~11lJ~~n~Ualil~flfln ~i~~I1fi~U tI fl ~ btllJ i 1 jj ltlnl+UI~Ii~millii(lbm1ilJrllJ 1i ~a~Ii fllJ111LlIlJ ti~ m~lJcU~11lJ ~~ntl fl~tlllb tllJiflth~u lill~~
l1ol~llln~I1filllilli~jj~ 18 lUbLltIl iilau ~tlfl~btllJib~lJbafllJ IiifllJ lii1au ~ tI fl ~1111]1Iill1BI1il~ ltlbbriiilau ~tlfl ~b tllJ ~ ~i ~~I1ll ~u
tI fl~ btllJ ~flIiBI1fi~a~i~~ I1fi~U bbUu11tIlfl] Ji~ bblli~I1llllil1~il+ ~ 20 btJ lJ1ilJlu tlllLtllJiUUi fllllalJ1illfJ HlJ1J1lJ
lJl]iila iJ mirlfllJ11 LLa ~iilau~ui~fjntil ~mlltJ1t1fl~b tllJi
IllUIl lJU IllJlJiitT~~ ~ all]nlJ1Jjbb~1UilUI
1lllth (Champa) mifJ II ~ilJ tI fl~U ~~b I1l1(flJ U1 (eJlJUlJl1lfltyllJ1lJU llliilJ)
JlJjjlJ1btJlJWlJtJ llilllJll~ilJ tI fl~ ~lJHibth~ ~fl U~ i fl ~Ui ~bI11l(flJUl
Ji~ ulliri fllJ~ ~atil~ml tl bLa ~l1ol ~ ~ ~atillllilliijj~ 1 4 (~I1fillilliijj ~ 19) 1lJ~~1111~~I1filllill~ijj~ 7 i~ ~I1llll(ilii~~ 18 tlll
i1lJ lJ11lii1u flYIil~nl1 ~li1llJ lijjlJil1nfllJ~~fJ 1lJlllJfJ1Jj1WWln
il1lJiiii1lJ1ilYI1~YIH1jlJ1n illJm~ti~1lJ~YIlii1i11jjlj~ 15 ~ln iilJ lI1fJ Tonkinese llii~ ih fj ~fljltl ~ltl1W1~ tJ~ tJltl~~lnil1lJl1~HlJ ~
Uu bl~h1lJlJ 1~ln il1lJr1~ItJ1ampil LJ
~i ltl~ il1n~ln il1lJ1mtJ1l1riltlll11~iH1j ~~~lniilJllii~11l1fJ i H1j~afJH1 fJ lImiJ ~fJ mjlJ tJ ltl ~ il1lJ ~ ti~ iN ~ Hii ltl ltl tiillJ YInllJl ii ~ iiUltlfJ
V
1 H1jtJltl ~ il1lJlJlJlJ IInljw~1l1~ ltl fJ 1 ~ il1l1fJn U1H1j tJ ltl ~ tJ ~11
mi11iiiltliiYJj~~ulJ~nJ1i1Ii (Cubical Cell) ~~iiLJj~lil~ih 1 LJj~lil blll~ii~LJii1HltlnYlJ 3 lii1lJ Hltl~iniH1j~LJm1fJ~bH~fJlJ (Pyramishy
dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
~llLJ~tJltl~~im Mison ~~ll~ Don-Duong bl~~YIfjil~ljIj
~ 12 blll~ 15 ~UlJjllLJ~JlJ~~ (Classic) hlJjllLJ~tJltl~~iltl~ Binh-Dinh ~ ~ltl~llJ~Hh~ ~ll 1643-204 3 JlJ~UlJjllLJ~llfl ~~ltllJ
~ln il1lJUUiim11l1lJ1nlJlil~UlJhlJ1mlj ~YI1lll1l1lJ1r1ii ~
UUiim Hi ltllJ tllJ lii~ LJ1nlhiiiH1jiJ1fJ~ YIllil1l1lJ1ltl ~ ti Donshy
Doung
thLflAlflu tJlJ tJ 111YIfJlliiltl~ fJ~ il1niill~~1lJ~m~ fJ ~ lliitJltl~ LJ ~~ YIlliilJ
~ tT1lJ 1aLJj~~YIil1YIfJ~~ LL~lIl1fJ 1Uj1Wmll 1lJ~YIIlllmjjlj~ 11 tJ111YIfJlliill11~ ltl1W1i1mti1lJ~i1t1lJ1lJtilJlJ1lJ (Yunnan) ltl1W1
i1nliiil11lJhi1IYI1 ~ LJ jdampill1l1~ilJ 1n blll ~llii~n~11l1fJl~fJ nUl1l1hlJ (Kublai Khan) 1lJ~YI1lll~1jljti 18 tJ111Y1fJii1liiltl~ ltl~ fJ~il1nblflllJti 1lJ~i1 ~ tT1lJ1tl~ LJ~LYIll~ ~jj 1blll ~LJ~LYIll1YIt
~UlJii1lJ1lJlJ1n
~~LL~Vll1li~lIll~~IYf 11-13 rULtJUtJWj~L~fl~i1fl~fllrul
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tJni1 ~fl~fllrul UlLlru1l ~ LtJU tJ~ ~L I1Al11 tJiJ II ~ uUil iJLijfl~hiqf1 lifl Ui1~tJ~~ ~I1fl~ llVl(~ (ll~H) ltl1iU 1ll1 ~lltJ~i1fl~R~tJ
1111 ~ l1ampi llii1iill1fiVlll LLri ~ll tJ ~111~ LIIUfl iI fl ~IlltJ IihtJ
1UVjl1 li~ 1Il1~IYf 13 ~ lt11~~~ljl1mLli~ tI ~11 iJiilU1II
tJni1~mUIIll~~ll1~ ii1 tltJ lLtJULiJfl~lhjhy 1lilJU li~~~ i1fl~
~lj 11tJ IIIn III flUtii iJ fl ~ tJ ~ ~L 11 ~1 11 tJhiu~l tJ ii ~ IIlflULIIU fl ii~ LiJ fl ~
Lt1tJ~LLRU Vlln~ll~mrUilflVjl1li~lRUlehtJ~II1tJ1U
1I1nVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 16-18 LiJ~~iJiilUll1tJni1~fl~nli1 IIldU flflm5tJ~LIIUfl nli1nlll~ Ull ~lll~ltilU i1flmli1LIIUflilfl~
tJ ~ ~L I1~1 I1tJ tll1Li1~~rU iI flT~ ~lRUl11UIIlLLll ~Vl I1li ~lRU liJ1 tJ ~IIltJlU
tll11I1tJltiilJ R~ IJR1Ufl ~ rlUtlU tllUi~ flqf ~ ll1~ LLll ~L i1~ ~
fl ~ LtJ U ~lIll ~~ IY Iii~r U1lilJU li ~~~ U~ ~~ll tJ ~ Ii ~ i1 lmmlrlU ~ LVl ~ 1 ~h1lilJ U li~ ~~ iJ fl~ tl Uti1 Ui LII huiJ ii~ 1 1I1nBULampi tJ 1ii~rU
1lilJU li~ ~~ iI fl~Ill tJ Ii ~ 11U fl ~ tlU n1 ~URIIl~flflnl11~Vjl1fitlqfqfl iI fl~ BU Lampi tJ lib tJ LL~Lj fl ~ IIIn tIUtilUi1l ~ ~l~tlUL tJUtJmL~U 11U1mUVjl1li
~1Il1~~IY~ 18 ru llliojU1lilJUli~~~~1111niulihtJ1l~LtJUR~n1~BU hiqf1U~ ~IIil~ tllUi~1~1 1ULflLil tJ flli1Lruil fL~~lliuml~LIIlqf ~ J ~~L~fl~i1U
LLi11U~1~1 iJfl~1I1tJ1l~~~lliUL tJUBR~~luR~tJ1mlrurU~~ fl~I11~mmllUfl iJLiJfl~Lt1tJ~URU LiJfl~~h~ LiJfl~Vl~LtJl LiJfl~IIlll~
Vl~~U1~ ~~U~tJ~~~lruVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 15
Amlt1hhtityIJfl~Itu iJlli~~flltJil Vltlillmllf 1781 rifl~~fllrul~mRliJlltJ
1818-1860 ojtllf~tJilfl~yjflJU~l~fhLll~~i1tfl~
iI fl Hjl iIlltJ 1U ~ ~tJ ~L1ll1 LiiitJltlU tlU ojtllf~ tJ
2
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1 Lffl1ULllft1 (Club-house) tItl~tUJ11JJiIJtUt1JJ1f111
2 171m nuuu14Oj1uIi1fu]MnWJ0iil ~1~ Hnu1-o11J1u1JrLgt1 ~iiU~L UL~~
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3 ~uuthu1gt1~-iiU~LUL~~
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1J fI ~Ii flY lJj llJ rllbb II~ Ii fI IIlJ bll ~j 1 fJ ah ~ bil fI ~
btlfJ~jlmbltt ~Ujfl~ btlfJ ~1IIjj
1893 Wj~bjljllJ1Bu~ah~n1~~f1f1limbJlJUjfl~
IIltt1~1IIjj1JfI~lI1fJ
1910 n1~ll1JI1fJ~lJnun1~~f1f1ll~1 231 0 n1~~f1f1llmbamlfiW~jjl ill~1II11fJ
2 318 Wj~bjl111nitlJj1lJl11mJlJtJnbb~lJ ah~Ujfl~
IIltl1~ 1IIjjiilllJljl
2325 bjlWj~mjnl bJlJn~1Illl~lJjl1f1~fjnl
al1~n1~l1IlJlnitlJI1i ~
2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
(King Mongkut) b~lJliilbijlJWj~jl1falJ-WlJllllJ1Il nUlJIIllillJlllh~Ib~bl1~
2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
f1~111 (King Chulalongkorn) Ulf11jtJlijjlJ
1IdlJ1InbiillJl-WIilJlJl1b~b I1~1 11pound1
iialla3TtlfifllJl11tJ (Pre Thai Periods)
~GiI1mrtJm111Wi (Davaravari Art)
illtt IJ ~mr poundI 1111 jl1~al1~ ~lJ bvi f1~lalJ lVjl1llH1 fJ lJ 111 fJ 1lJ
il ~bbjnMtll1BWltt llnilltt IJ ~airfJ f1lJ jl1~ ~f1lJ liij~ l~llnilltt IJ ~airfJ
~ IJ 11 ~ 1J f1~ lilJb~tJ 1Ilmh~u b~lJ bbjn illttUlJairpoundI 1111 jl1~bii tJlJbbUU
nljall~Wj~Vjl1Ii~IJllnairtJ~IJ1I~f1~l~bbl1l~~ ~f11 lJliij~~f1tJi1
rnlfru~1Jf1~1IlJbf1~lJln~lJ ~1lJ IJj ~~lJ In jjlJ 1JfI~airtJI111jl1~ii UlalJllbJlJVib~lfJlJbJlJ~llJh~1I ~lJb~11vl bbltt ~lJiJlJ ~ ~bba1l~ 1I1b j 1 bjlJ1~1i~r nlfru~Vi b~jf1J f1~ biffI If l~b UlJ f1~ 1~ ~ ~ ~ illtt IJ ~ I111j11~ bUlJalJ n1 j ltl111]J 1J fI ~ n 1jIifI ~~ afltt Ii1 ~ n1ja l1 ~W j ~Vj 11 Ii
~IJI11~1l1il bIIilfl 1JfI~111pound1
middottiFmiddotmiddot
1 pji~1Uf1-1 (Side elevation) ~EI-11~1lLlIlJ t111-1fffl1lJtJtlll~fl~1 2 LLUUtJ1111111tl-1lUI LLflll-1 ~uil~inMtU~ LfIlML1hultJlriunuu 71-31fII e-1 LtIll LLlfi
11tJmiddot~titJY1ft1 i (A)lnll1mi1U1U~nL1li~1IJtJr~l1ril ~OUti ~rUi1u L~ ftfl~~~1~tiOM~ Li1UztJL~1J 3 4 i~J~huUflt1-1I1lJlltl-4)~1IIlJl (3) lInLLliHIiltJItlllfl1t1ti1UUwmuJu ijpj)
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LliiOfltlUWJ1ln-J1
fitftl1mJllmirTII (Srivijaya Art) bri m~ l1j1l1ii~WJ 1lJ lJ WU fi elUIn lt1pound 111 tJ ltl~ tlj W1lJ InljlJ
f11~1l1~ bHih tJ ltl~1mlflu tlj W1lJ InljlJ tJ ltl~ tl 1 r1~ ~l 11111h iii01 tltJ ltl~ tl l~~ljhu h~ 1I1bn 11Iil 01 tluUUbil~~ bbflU ~u (StyIe
of Chiengsen) amill1l~nljlJm~1l1~bHUmJltl~1f1~lih~U1jj ltlUrlU lWiual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruiiI01 tlJ ltl~i101 tlJ I~~ojiT~ b~ltl~Bf1GVi 01 Jltl~iiI01tltllallmlojiT~d ltlllbuultll(if 2 mlbt~ ~ltl mlbt~ HO ~ r ~ Iiii 01 tl iilojiT~1Wijj Bf1G Vi 01 Ol tilUiii01 tl all~ a1Jl1~ (if~ IiU Ii ~lj I ~1 Uiii01 tl m~1l1~ bHU I Wi tJ1l1 ~ H lt1~ bri ltlVi jbij1jllJ III bbm lj iilU1ltlnilj ltl~1l1~ l(ifI1lO1 ltll1lbbH01lJlJ 01lfJ
~ftl1ffillJlf)JJ (Khmer Art)
bri rnriu iii01 tl tJltl~ btJlJjliu 1f1~ lii~u bltl1UUUltltil~f11~iilU amill1l~nljlJbb01 01I1I01l~l1InU~~lJl1 llH01l~ ltltil~ bb~l~lii~ Ubltll ~lU tlj W1lJlnljlJ tljlJma-jl~~tl b~ljVi (Statuary) b01 ~
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itftl1ifmllffU llft~ftl1rI1m1fimi1a
ami GI OnUI amill1l~nljlJtJltl~1f1~1ujlru~ill1l iitT~ bHii ltlltl~l I1bluM ltlVijblM ~ ~ual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruv1biilbtf)Ol~ iiI01tl BUb~~ Vi ~1 bb01 ~~l T~ 1uallm il~~bbauliu 11 ll jj~~ riltla-jl~ 1Ujlru~ill1lbHiiltlltl~Ul~ u~iluiltl~llJWlU jObUUtl1 H1n ljOlj l11l~Ubjjltl~b il~~ bbau1UOlti 1~ l~~ ~~ rfi~l h~ 1I1bjl1iiHlt1n
4
1 tlJ~ltVitif1~ ti~lU~1~1 jji~1~1~L~~Ufl1 2 LiititlJ~ ltVilUUflUfl1nlJ1f1 i ~1U~O U~ untilJ~o~i~ fl1 ~ffiili ~ o1i~1 i1lt~aTlItliLDt1~fl~tl1 (A) LLuuio1i~fiI1tl1ijtJtlJlLULLpj~tur1UffiUYH ~~ 111 3 WlfI- 4
~lU~l~U~~l~~la~~au~~~~~~~ual~~l~Ul~
all U~~n~~~~ 1~1l1i1 bwQ ~ ~ ~~1~ ~ hu111qjll mHII~
~~~W~jjl al~bb~Il~~5Wa~au~~u~~~d~ ~au~~~~bll~~hXiU
lu blul~1111~au~ml~ldiii ~jlt1~ bba~b~~~ wa~~~~d~nu bii~~illntJl~l1n~lum~u~~l~~la~ bbu u~til~~aU~l1al~ bbuului~~lntiil~mildl~~til~bbjjU~Ul1 nuamu~~m~~lu btlutJ~~ail~lumj~1~
lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
l~Wu5nubbuuW~~Yj~fi~u~~~all~iju~~ ~~ll~~d~m~mu~du r~ii~a~15bWtl~ W~~bil~~fi~uth~na~ lldl~u~~~m~nUl1~~ 111qj W~~Yj~fi~Ubb uuiillW~~bfl~~lalb t1u~u~~nUdl1~ bba ~tll~ l~ 111llIH~~ a~illnW~~~~ a~bbfi ~ldW~~l~ ~ W~ ~Yj~fi~ua 1~~~~
~~~all~bb ~nad~~l~bba~ill~~ li1~ln
illn~~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 18-20 W~~Yj~fi~Um~1l1i1 bl11l ~1~u~~5Wa illn~au~al~tf~ 1il~iI~b lul~illnn1~r~ii~bull a~15~lU dl~u~~~flb~n W~~bil~~llbuadi~ll bba~tll~l~llll11
~~~a~~l~~W~~uln illnm~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 20 ~au~ n1~ail~W~~~fi~um~1l1ml1i1~rb~~bll~~a~
itIJ lhQrJ fJ~
1uall~1U~1(IJ ~~fJ~b t1ubll~~l1ii~ ~~~ ~1(IJ1~mml~ld~ 1il~lu~au~~~~~i~btlu~all~~~~ml~ld~ lui1~~l1~~~~Yj~fi ~m~~1Yti 16 l11~~U~~d~~1Yti 17 j1all~~~~~b~~1~~~5Wa b~~~ lI~~0~ln~~~iH~~~ulln1Y(IJ~btJ~~ bW~l~b11~11nU lI~~0~lm~~tJ~~ml~ld~bba~~~~b~~~l1u llildl~l~WU5nU~til~
~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
1 pJruautJa1J~1JLu~0N7~~IJ~t11 2 pJruautJa1J~1JLU~n~lt1oJ1JLn~1J f U~~tx1JiNIt~1UIllfl~1W~1n UUU~U~O~1 L~~tOttJfl~1~il~m~nULU~~1J1~tli ~jjL~1~e~mJO~1~1 yi11~tft nill~lt1M1tl~nln ~~ poundj ~1 fttl ~1tltJ~(1t1 n~ 1 Peripteral temple
3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
lmH1~hLLUUmh~~ln ~~rUi~ij~ ~tl~111L~tl1111~B~ ~igthnJ~ ~01B~LL UUi11mi111nUB~~1tlnU JULUUn1~tl1nfiJ ~mh11~i1 LUULLUU tJB~ li1~ tlBmUU~~LLtii1 L~B~LtfUiir~Ln~~uLLrimrtl 111Ll1 m111~ B~nmr tl LtfUt~mnUnUO1n6i tf 1~riB~tiUtlB~ij 1ntlI~ VlLil~1~mQW1~lu~6itJ~tJB~~nltln6i
lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
~ln~lmvlmj~L01l~W~tiil101U1 lUUl1n~l~nU 1tJJ1mtJ~~ 111tl
-rt11tJ~~riB01-j1~m~il~01U1tJB~1 ~tl LtfU 1U01ri 1yen11~ JUijtJU1~ nil~1yenlqj ~~JUi~ O1-j1~yenIltl ~111lii1tlllu Btl1~lyen11~ tJ B~t tJ~ ~ 1li1~ Q~Ju i~ 1tJ1arLUU111~~O11l~ lutuum~ 111Ln~LL UUBtl1~01miJ~tl m ~~ 1mHlu ti B~~ 1J1ntJ~ ~LW ru tJ 111~tl-j ULB1LLUUO1miJ~tl m~~ tJB~ttJ~~~11ti~1tl LL~1liin6i1mUUhULLl1n~1~iJ1111~LL~ufi J ~L UU111 ~ ~01-j1~lUL UUtJmL~U (Constructive)
ltlU~1 mniJl1tlm ~~ tJ B~1~tllu~ ~tl ~t~~liiUrULuutJ~ ~1J1~ LBm~jiJ (Monochrome) ~B~ltriB1liiul~1iW6itJB~iu i~mntl LuUWIl~~jiJ (Polychrome) LL6i~U~~1N6ihn1~LL01I1~BBn~~LL UU
I (8
4
1 ~ntJnu~fl~1Y1UeurmfLli[Juflfl~UfllfitJ1IJltnlrl jj l1JJi~1J1~t lPl11~ li]U
iln~~u ~~U~OlJi~~11Ibullbull~OU~Lii~~mi1~~n1IJ(A) 2 1UftJJU fiflJJ1 Li1lt~fu iiYlfin~ lIfl~iil i1lllflJU11~ fifilmJ ft11J~u t~JjiimiN LUU1~ ~jj Lt1a~U~ riu~utJLuuoiu1 Oth1L n~un~1 mUlaquo1nLL~ (B)
3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
- - ~ -~ shy4 fl 01i1 fit n11JlllJilJlulJIU ~n~IY1ffi~~n1UY1NIQlIIl~l1l1l1 ~ ClJtUJUIJllt)-3 11JJ
LU uil n~~u -0 L~1~ ~r~d~mo ~~il niiuuoilnlffiJuutJ ~o
mh~ tJltl~iiltl tI~mh~ L~lJ~ lumJUltlfjfitJ11lJVfnfii1Wljjlt~ 21
Lrimdi1u fInBWltl tJ ltl~ iilJtJlJ Ljldiltl~Ylilljrulii~ iJelL iI iIl~ h ltllmj~mllj~ltll1~di1ubJ riltl111Lii~jjmj~mL~~ltl1~ltllU Lla~ jj n 1j1tillVIal ulI Q~tJlJ tIlJ tll~~ri ltlltll1~di1Ul~tlfil~tlij~L~m rllJ fllJn iI ~jj LlUU mj 1~ ila tI ~lI ilU lI~ rllJ di~ iI ~L1llJldiillmllJ
a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
LUlJdilJ fl1lJll1j~ltlh~~LUlJ lJjtJlJUUlJ ~mL~~libu a1~alU lJ jlJ
(Stucco)
LlU u ltlti 1 ~ila tI ~ tJ ltl ~f11l1L VIU ltl tJlJldiUllJ 11tl1lJltlm tJ ~u flj jlJ tJ ltl~ 1mfu di1U Ill mjllULltl1ltlmtJ~unj jlJ tJ ltl~L tJlJ jlJ1
ltll1~ LUlJtI jl~cent1 jjl~tltlj~ltl~il~ltiLtilJL~U1rlU ltlUti LLUU tIjl~il ~ltl1U~1lJ~~ltl~~1~lJVI151~ Yl~~lan ~ltllJl1lJltllJUltlfjfiUl~ltllJ tI alfJ Lla ~1lJ ltllJul~lJ 1nillJI11 I1j~tJltl~W j ~LiI~6LLa ~Wj ~t1jl~il
ltl~tI ~a~tlJ n1 lL~lJ it ~nl1 I1tJ1~lI11lJL UlJtJnLl~lJ tJ fl~Ll UUL~lJ 1tI lIiGi IIInjj II ~j ~ rllJ iJ1lJ rlU ~ 1lJltlmtJ~u fljjlJ ~ 1lJ
tIj ~~lJlnljlJtJ ltl~1 tJI1U1~jjll11lJalJ~lJfirlu tJltl~L tJlJj di~ ldimh1
Lli111 W j ~W I1fijtlm~fl1l1 LVIi) ltlJ ltl~ 1I1utJlJ jjll11lJ alJ~lJfi1lJ LLUU ltlti1 ~ rlU tJ ltl ~ ltlirUijtl~~ LL~l lJltllJU1tJ I1U tIj ~~lJl nl1I1U
- tIl - 1 1 ltlj 1 ~ LlU UW j ~Vj 11 5l tJlJlJ 1 ~1lJ lI 1 1lJlnLa ltllJ ltl lJ W j ~Vj 11 fi
il1ltllJ1 Lla ~lI11lJllImLti~L iffltll~mh~LlI1i1l~ Ljl11 ltl1 iI tl~ tllJldiLLUlJltllJh lIlJ1I1U1mlrultllJultJI1utJlJ
ldiLLU UW j ~Vj I1fil tI ill n1VIlJlJ lltlil~W j ~Vj I1fil tI LUlJLLUU 11tJ 11U
tJ ltl~~lJ illJ LL~L jlltl1 lalJUItjllJldih LtJ l1dill11lJ tJlJ~la1i1 ~~ ltll1~ LlU U llnW j ~Vjl1 5ltlm~fl1l1LVIU ltl lI~lJ~fllJ lL~ flWj ~ltl~ ~ i~mldiLtlllJ lt~afllJWj~Vjl1fiil1ltllJl1lJ1tJI1UldiulLLUUWj ~Vjl1fi ltllJlJL~Uua~i~mL tlllJldi1Uit ~ldi1I1l111lJtJlJma1i11VI~LLriilaUlJ ltl1tJI1U Wj~WI15jtlit ~illtl UlJ1I1U~~ltlll~tlJtJlJ L~lJ1tldiUlI1lJ
-illnlflui~ 1lJwl1~il1ltllJ1Lta ~lI11lJjjt1~ii~1i1 tJfl~illtltJlJ i1n~ru~
2
3
1 L6ltl1JLL1JUllUU1la~eUpoundJitllitJjjimtuWLAMtHfl~n1
2 LtUDtl~rujUtlqlltJ1tlth)tJ~111 jj49J~D~~ )J11ln LLuueU11UIiItlnrnjYIHJl1P1lwUtl
urntiULf1nu L~~r~UU qll~
31uftj~ti ~ti~1~tiUUfl1 ~ ~tI~ftj~ ~uLn~Ull f ~L~ ~ ~1~nfl1~Luua~ ntiftr~1I1 ~
l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
iiia 11~tI f1~ lt11tII1tnlUhumhtlYlflI1JJlf1rilUnUilI1imiJJ1Yltl LLa ~ if~ fl~jj f1~ ~a f1I1JJ 11U~~Uiila 11 mtllll~Iiitl lii~liULilf1lilmi1
lliii1iiiauU1tII1tllIiiLLltlI1~fIf1 0 ~ ~ f11iJJ tUfllJJ i~o tI fI ~ yj 1 ~1Yl tl
llhnUiila11LtJUltlri 1~~ ~
Lfl~iNilU6iUun ~lI1~am~iila11~tIltl~1Yltl1mlru~uu i ljjfl lJJ ~ 11~ lJJ ltl ri 1 ~ ~ ~ 11 i Lll YlllU ~ M ltlLfl ~ ltl ~ iJU~U L~ 1 tI ltl ~ ltIiifllamLa lt11tII1tllU~Yl li~I1ii~~ 19-20 ~ ~LtJU~i~oflUiii
bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
110U~H tJU ~~h lll ltl1lHjj ~n yj 1~110U~~ Iiitl al1altl ~Jl111a
u ii111~OmL~o I Lfl11 ltl uliitl ~Lti tleiltlUliU1jhwlulUvHimi
~~ LUJilmjjltllltJ1U LL~flillt1Ulil~~
itilumJmJfJl5fJ1 (Wf1 1890-2310)
ltI(llij~tlO~ ltlU1Ul1tlOiiJJtIltl~ltI~tlltl~litll~UUtlJJ 1jill1mL~~ LtJU~llj~ii ri ltlJJ LLIiUltlUi1iiia 11 ltI~ tlltltl litJ1UUlliiiu BYlll~ a ill 0 iill ~ ~jj i ltlU tlJJ m ~ illll01i I1mL~~ LtJUvlL~jf liU
ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
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~lUthUlYlal1alri (Ornamental works) tlfI~a~tlltlfltitJ1
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
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jl1f1~jijilJ (Chin) 221-207
almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
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3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
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a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
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chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
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5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
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ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
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ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
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lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
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1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
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ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
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ltIiltlJiJ~~~)j1iimnuuUULiiiJ~llnl~-ju fJl1fi~fl llnVlltllU
m~~1UrlU l~uihlt1lt1iltll)jiiultllt1~n (Throne) iJ~tl1~UUi1iJj~81~ (Dome) LL~ni1l~1t1llf1lt1iltlJiJ~fJUL~UUfl~lt1~n1~ ~LUU~ULL uu
ltIiltl~lmY~f~iJ~j1uUjiJ~th~~~(Rangoon) ~iJ tfn~lf1iJ~ (Shweshy
Dagon) ltIh~luVjl1Ii~~1jjjf~ 23 ~~riiJltIh~m~Vjl1Ii~1lt1U1~iJ~ l~u jiJ UltIil t1~Ii~ ldultI~~ ll1L~uii~ fl1j L~mJ J iJ~ lt1mil~u fIjj~ ~~)j1 ~~J1~lrultl~u~m~dhultlmil~ufljj~
111UVllt1~Vjl1fi~Lil1jjjf~ 20 ~ ~)j1L~~ltiliiriiJltIhml1U
fJlLLltl Vtu 11j1tilliiiLiJ~l~riiJll1LnLiluUU~fltl1VI)j tu rULUU ~~ Iijj~ Lil1Uritlj~L l1~~~)j1 1l1U LLltl LJ~j LtiUL~tJ1rlUn1jriiJltloj1~
~1UbJ1U t1jLl1~1mJ ~ ~)j1QU ~ Lilnulii~ ltI1l1il~u fIjj~ ~1U fl1Li1fl1U
il1V1lt1n ltl ~-jntJLill1 iJ ~ LtiUL~tJ1tiU
ltIiltl (Tzedi Zedi)
lVl1j (Temple)
Ill (Kyaung = Monastery)
1ultl1i (Thein = Ordination Hall)
I lllUnG11l1fljUI LLlJi1t1j ampi~lf1jj~ tf 11~ ~)j1l1~li1
fl1~ illVllt1nijlldbu Lill~ LLlii~ lUt1j ~ampi~ 1f1jj~ ltlU1myu~ iJn1j
ltI oj l~~ j ~~ l11ij tI ~j~ l11i j tI~~ltI ~II1~u UUiJ th~ lln~ j ~~ l1 fiq q bull ~t1 ltIiiUlt1~ ultl ltl1iUtl1ltlJ iJ~ fJUL~U uUU~j ~Vj l1fi~ tI I iJ~~ )j1~
lt
1 LL1J1J~Itlt1JtlW MnmnflQtl11 LIIiii-Zedi tTWji)Jlilinln1JIfl~iilLitJ (Indian proshy
ype)
2 ~It1J1L11nfl~ (Shwedagon) ~Lilfl~th~~~ (Rangoon) j~LtIlLL1J1J~1mur~ iiLLtJi
o11JIJilJ11qj u~llill~fi1J~LatilJ Ugtill~1 (Shrin) 1nIJ1utu rtl1Jfl~ rl ~i1~flU1~tl1n1UlnLLfl LLft~ 1~L~Iii~ilVlfifl ~fltl~fl~i LlJ LLfl ~~1 lil~ Lnmiddoti1~Qmtil-hWItutllln~nu1rf (T or Cubical throne)
3 4 ~o1t1un=~~~1bull-7~til-J1jjn=L~lLi1uonu~tiluufi1I1Jl~1
1
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~1riutJlJfln1ffU-ilLlIIft~Lfml
iijnrilJ~1~uli11 IJllJbJlJ tJ Ol~il~tilJ 1lJltJIIlt1~ hjiil1UlilY11~ iIltI IJ ~~ lmXn UltI ~eJ1ilb IJjtJ UblitJUldlriuyj ~ ~yjYli~IJltJOltJ litJl ~OllJ IJ lt11 tJ tJ Ol~1YtJ (IIlt1~ ojtIltJ tJOl~yj~~bijlm~1n~)
U ~ ~~1 ~ 1lJ IJ ~ ~~~ 1 n ~ ~~-ijl11lt1nijlJ ~1 U ~ lu~f~llJldluri
1l1yj-ijl~rn~nu~~OlUlJYl111~iiOl~dl1tJrilJ 81 b~lJ 1l1yj)111oln
ijlJltll~illJ~ ~1tJ~ l~bbltl ~iibb UUI1lt11tJ tJOl~BlJb~tJUlJ l11111b~l~~h
11 ~il ~ tilJ1~tJ ~h~ BlJb~tJ ~~~ ~lJ~ 1lJOl ~jllJyj ti1
nlliillljmjiIl nlJii~~m~~tJOl~yj~jh~t1~blliiOlOl~llJb JlJ
tJOl~il~~lJllJ~~II11~yjYli~~1~~It~ 16 UltI~ 1 7 bb~~l11b1lJii~ rnltU~iIltIIJ ~tJ Ol~l tJn ltI 1~ (Mediaeval) bbltl ~lt1 nltu~~l~ UUU
IJ ~~b yj tU (Conventional) 11 iltJl1 i1 ~ri UnlJii ~~m ~~tJOl~ blJ lJl ltI
bbltl~b U~fl OlltI ~ 1lJii ~~ m~~ tl il ~~lJ tJ Ol~yj ~jhiir mju~b tilJb~tJ1rilJ
riu tJOl~1YtJ mh1ii Ol bJlJbbUullu~Ol illnIJ~~byjtUbbltl ~llbeJ1i1lt1IJ ~
u UU IJ~ ~byj tU~l~~bb IJltI ~ 1I1b iflriU nltU~iIltIIJ~tlil ~ ~lJ1~tJIi11IJ
nllttUl (Cambodia) ~lJ lin tJ Ol~u n IJ ~ ~1~~1~1~lJ nlti1111 tIlJ til ~1 m lu~
Ol liltJ Ol~llJ Ol lul btJ ~~OllJ ldltJ Ol~ IJ~ ~b Y~rilJj tllUltI ~111 illJ-1tIIi1
(Cochin-China) tlill~lJiiiiOltIlJtll~xiUlJ(Funan)
J1tlfleJIlLlJiIlj yjnllf1ll1jntii 9-14 (Pre-Khmer period) I I I
dl~U~YjYll~m~~1jIi 6 bJlJdllJlJl tll1BlJb~tJ ldl~l~~iilJJllJ
Ol~tlJIJ~~bY~~1~1 m~BlJb~tJ Inltl (Further India) IJ~~m~ri~jtll
bJlJ IJ ~ ~b m111ii~ii ~ l 11 BlJ b~tJ ldlbif1~ 1 IJ n 11 ~ Ol~UltI ~1I1B Y 6yj
lV1llJ ll~ ~~ tJOl~ BlJb~tJ uri tll1bii Ol~ ill mJ liltJ mlJYl~(lltl~tJ
m ~~ tJ Ol~lltJ riOllJb tJ~ ~ ~t1~b lliiOl eJ~~l~ b~lb 1lJldl11ii lt1n1jU~ tJ Ol~BlJ b~tJ l~tJ blyj 1 ~ ii Ol illn Y ~ ~ ~ IJlJ poundIn tJ Ol ~ IJ ~ 1~ 11 (Lingashy
prang) illnlJllultI~IIU1~1~1uti (Indian cell amp Chaitya-window)
~ 111 lJ ~ampilJ lmlJ 11111 anVlllUIIlJ~ ~ii1 ~ltI ~~ ~iru 11 ltlltJJlJlhUII tJ il~lll1~ ~111 IIlllJtJii lJ 11111ammhii~lJ 1lJ1ii1tJ 111lJ janjj tli~ l ~11l lt1 ~jj anru~~l11 lJ ~ampilJ InlJ tJ il~ tJlJ
il poundi 1~ 11Il~~ ~ ~vfl1n UUij lJ ~ dl1liiJmA11l1n ~11 ~m tlllJ1~
tllJ~ til ultI ~bb UII illl--h th~ tllJ~ tllllll~~ ~~ llnlJ tJ il~~11 ~11 U q OJ
1~ tJmiltJ uUUilpoundi1~ IIIn~~~llnlJ lllJtJII lJ ~ ~tJ il~ ~IIb~ ml11bil~ 111~ml~Vjlln~~1~ 12 ultI~ 13 lliibn~ll~IllJ~I1il~
~1nvhIIultl~~1mllllltl~ (Chenla) ~mjm~1l1ml1ijiltJil~tllJ~tll ~illJl111Vjlln~m~ 14 tIII 2 tilampiiJtIiilJtlllbtllbUIIiillb~tJ1 tllllii~rll lJ ~lampi~lll~i tJ il~tllJXi til ii~b~lJIiill~111 I1lJ11ii~n
111lJ buIItJnu~11 tJil~illrul lijmbtJlJUUilb~IIb UIIbiln111
U~lilltJnlJ tJil~tllampil Ulru~~I1lt11tJ mll-jl~lllll ll~~111 ~~1t11~ UillJ111tJ bbltl~1~tJb~1~iiilil11rll lll1~1ii1tJm11~t) mh~lJ InlJ1tJ bUIIb11~ 11unlJ ~1ampiAlll~iltllnhlltlllt1IIilm~ mru1lijni tJ il~ btJlJ b~illJ 1mlJ ltI~rllbUIIb~ l~mlll1~ ~~ ~ ~b iJII
il~ llrutlllilpoundi1~lJ 1nlJ1tJUIIbil~
btJlJjj ~mlltJ~lJ In1IImbfluJ1111tl1IImb~ l~lJ~n bjil~ IllnjjmtIltIlJ~mll~amplbtJlJii~lJ~ntll11IiiMultl~ 3 I~~
ffl llll1 (Religion)
tll1btJlJUUiiil~~ii1~ bbltl~~ ~itl btillbamplmtllltlU all5
lJI11tJl11m~Vjlln~1llllliJltJI1ii~iJltJl~I1lil~~ 2 iJltJ iillbUII
11 an bbli~111lJb ~illiIIm~l~ 11l n~~tJ11iilun lb~l~ilb UIIii1 ~ bbltl ~~~itliJ1~llJ lbn~ 11~il ljjflbiJIImd~5a~1 brimll~1l ll1 ~ ~ bba1 ~~ lJ tJ il ~ n ~~ il fI Il ~1Iiilu 111Utllbti IIbll1lJ
Iii~rIIb il~i111 tJ il ~ btJlJ ii ~ il 11llJ ~ampil111 lJ~ 1~ tJ il~ ~ 1llll1
~1~111ii
eil111ilnl~miliH (Political Power)
1 UUU~~-1~1lWU1l1fl-3Ll~11 CiI U~~-3L~ L~ln-3pJLlfln6U-3 l1~lIfl-31l1UUfn1leurolR~1 2 UU flLlllfl-3lfil rltIl l ijl~)j n1n~~ Lii ~ UUU LLUflUlIfl-3 L~)JtlLli~ lJll
3 pJ~~U (Gallery) i1H Youl UU -Corbelling )1i11m i1gti1IJ Ujl-3)j f1J1)J ntlN-11 riLntl-3Rl-3R1~ UJ IlLIntri1~1 n1f1-31VlujjllLl1~ntj1-3~1 mlLl
1uun11L~ Corbelling Vaults )jfl111~n7~li11~ i-3tiUlIfl-3Ll14t-1Jifl-3L-na-3fil1W
4 5 LLUULR1LVl~tI)JlIfI-3LlI)JI ufI-flJLlflLiiU1If1-3flJ~fl1U~1~n~LR1
Ltlll ~jj ii1U11 tJn ~ ~ fl ~ rlll ~ tf11J01n1~ n 011 ~ tl fl~ tJ ~L fI illfI tI
~~ Ii fl ltI i 1~ elULUU fl4 ltI~ ruJ1UlUll 1nll1 tIlliiYl 11111liL1IUii~ ii1U1 I
LL01fl1 ~ tlli~ ~ll tl fl~Ltlll ~ 1Urlflllilil ~ ~Ilfi 18 tJ~LfI illfI tIllii bull G bull
Lflm1tf lJo1 I1nI1Ufl1 U1Jm Ltlll ~n(lllLilflll o1~ tJ~L flillflm~ll
~ill IJ~~ ~U lliitl nnfl~YirlhllMll~ tf11101lt1~-l~ IULtlll~ (ifl~ti1t1 Ujfl~l101l~ I1nU~ ~ llll1tJt1~rlUllL tJlJ
)11
rlil134 5middot1393 LUUltlltllltltll~rl~Lij1tim~llUfi 2 1l1t1l1ol~mlii jlJ n1~tJ01itJlti fltl1liLUUBltIltI~ il1nrlln tf 11fi~lJ tlU~tlll~ i~L~Ufl1~il1ntll1ll1~rlll~tf1 1(iltli1~
1111~ lJU Ltl1f)L01 11 tJ ~ ~Il~lUill di~ il 111 ltllltIQ
rlll~ tl1jjU~~ llllLlUijUtln O1l~
1240-1432 LUUltlltllltltlfl~rl~Lij1BJml~lJUfi 1 jjLjjl~ Roluos LUULjj fl~ l101l~ ltIi1~i111~fiLlJ fl~rl ~1~ LL01Ujfl~lJ1nfl~ (Pra Ko Bakong)
1432-1443 LJUitlltllJtltlfl~rl~~ij1t11lt11~lJUfi 1 m~LJJ~ lllY11~n1~tlO1tJ~YI1U ltli1~Ulfl~rlUlllJ1Ln~ (Phnom
Bakheng)
1471-1484 ~UUitlltllltltlfl~rl~Li1titll~llJfi 4 ltli1~Ljjfl~ l101l~lmjiiflUjfl~1t~~tJ~fi Kha Ker
1487-1511 LUUltfltllJtJtlfl~rl~Lij1~1~tfUfI~1~llJ ltli1~LLjj
lJflUilJflfln (East Meban) IJtJ~jrl (Pre Rup)
L~01UUfl1t1~1t1 (Banteai Srei)
1511-1544 LJUitlltllltltlfl~W~Lij1titll~lJfi 5 ltli1~i111~ YlLUn1il (Phineakas)
1545-1593 LlUitlltllltI tl fl~W~ ~ij1lt1~rn~lJJfi 1 ~lJtlJ1 fltI ltli1~i111~i1LUh (Ta Keo) lminlJU~~llll
ilJ1h~ (Portal) 54middoth~tiUlihJLIIL~mi1LlJ1
2 ri1lflLiltJ~lIpound1~Lft1Litw
3 a1a1tJlIpoundILlI1-J1trQ~lJl1 uiJd1l1illn LLPi~~Cl1UfJnT1)11 llrr LLlJiriiil~li1-J-)
ftmulUn=1~ ~~tulhttJ
204
VilULLltl~LL~UflUil~lUiln (Baphuon and West
Mebon)
1656-1693 LtJUlfltll1poundJ tJfl~Vii~L~lltl~mil1U~ 2 ltlll~Ujjililbull LU~LuiLLltl LLltl~UUYI1poundJltl1IJLL i (Angkor Wat Beng
Mealea and Bantei Samre)
1720- UjjitiIJ~nhIJmilpoundJVilmmJ
1724-1761 LtJU lfltl11poundJ tJ fl~Vi i ~L~lll poundJlil1U ~ 7 ltlll~hl1i VjYItiA1ltlU1~U1poundJU (Bayon) lUU~mlllVl1iLri1 ltll1~lVl1iil1ViiIJLLltl~Vii~t1U (Taprohm amp Pra
Khan)
1823- 1Y1 poundJ poundJnnfl~I1Vi Lii11ni1ULtJIJiLtJUjj~LL in
amul1lpoundJnIJ ltlmUl1IpoundJniiIJ tJfl~LtJIJiiijjl1IJL tJUunLLIiU
LtJUfl4ltlirU lVl1itJfl~LtJIJiiiLfln1l1Viii~1ULLtJ ltlULLltl~~tJm~ LLlJi1
I dliflu LLU Umh~lJ111ntJfl~BUL~poundJ LL~ltlmtJUntJfl~L tJIJi~llifltlll~
~lUltlmUilpoundJniiIJ tJfl~l1IU t1UlJ1LtJULLU UtJfl~L tJIJi Vli~jj 1 tJfl~L tJIJi
LLltll1l~ 1l1LlUii~ BYIfiViltl tJfl~~U UiLltllriLVI~ poundJIJ ~ll)lltl-i ~jjl11LlL tJU
LLUUtJfl~LtJIJiLfl~ (Original) iifl~tJjj1t1 lt51UinjjtlJ~ LnU LltllLLUU
(Caryatids) tJfl~Vinn~mLltl~bl1U i11UUlil~tJU1jj (Balustrades
with nagas) ~tJU1~eltJltli~ltl1poundJ~1IJ ~tJU1jjilnLLi~VlU1~1 LLltl~ lltJ i~tJ fl~BUL~poundJ-i~L tJIJillifU1Lfl1IJ 11tiIiiIilLLtJltl ~L tJU tJi1~i1 ltll1~t1U il1IJ~IJlVl1i Lrlfl1l1fl~i1tJi~nflU tJ fl~ ltlmUIilpoundJniiIJjjjj11IJLtJUun
LLIiUUltl ~jjl1IJ bjlhlf1miifllil1 JULtJUnUell l~poundJ ~tJ fl~LtJIJi
llilpoundJ~11tJm11 Li1fJ11nlti111lifi1 LtJIJiltl11~lVl1itfU 2 LLUU
iifl ltl11~tJi1~i1 (Tower) LLUUVlii~ -i~I~jjIJtJVI~fll~jjIJtJ~l~ ~n LLU U Vlii~rUjj ltl1Uhi1l LLltl ~ltl1U tJ i ~n flU ii fl jj1ii1lVl1iJ~ fl ~ nltll~ ~flIJ i flU ~1 poundJtJ i 1~f( fl ~ il i~~IJ ii~ 1ii1lVl1 iLLltl ~tJ i1~ i1~lJii~~fl~ UU r ~ bull lIpoundJnViULuU IfUl lV11ifl~jjnltl1~Vii~LlJi (Mount Meru) flULuU
205
~Ih~I1u llB~LHhLI1rltJill~~HltlltJ UlJOlll riLH~mJil~aHlntJii~ YiA~~ri hlllJltmiiL~nl HlJltJii~il1~ill1111a1jjii
111 jB~U lJjl~ii B~i11 HqjH~Brlj~lLlJjil ~tJm 111 tflll l11
HlJ ltJii~j ~U U ll B~~ni1lltl
m~ 11111 LL~ au 11~ tJ 111 ~ aln ltl LLoil hiii~ ~ riB al1 ~ llllL 111 B4ajru1ill ll B~ tf 11il dllBBniii111lJ a1tJ nlJUltl ~a~l ~hL~ tJ Llil
nUIIi1jlilLOltJ
ImHII~h ~tl hulqjlJEl~U fl-1Gl ii ~~l9iElllJil io f ~
1 i1ltlBlJjBU lJLIIBI1 1500 x 1300 LlJilj
2 ~1~tl11 (Causeway) iijl1Uulil~lJUli1 iI~ii~Iijj~B~ ilj~liil1111l~Lih (Entrance)
v t x 3 tflU (Terraces) ltl(lHltlunll 3 tfll tfllUjnlJLIIBI1 215 x
187 LlJilj iii111lJa~j1lJnll~~i11 6 5 LlJilj Lvimui~ltll11~I1AUtJ ~ ~ t l11t11 tfl11tflll1 2 il~a~n11tfllLLjn Ultl~tflll1 3 na~n11tflll1 2
i bull bull
tfl1111~ 3 ~IIUoiBlJjBUii1tJiH1ji1il (Galleries) iHlji1il~IIli 2
LLltl~tTII~ 3 iilJjl~iilJj~Uiljol11Btiilj~lJlJ (Comer towers) ilj~ ~
n ltl1~ f111 tTII ~ 3 iilJjl~ii B~iilJj ~(jl11L IuLBn (B1il lJj ~Uijjl11
LI11~lJH~~iil1ii~ii) ~ ~ bull v ~ 4 lHlji1 illlB~ tfl11 tfllUjn lJf11rlillHltlnllllilmLil~lJj~tJ~
d shytI11l~ 600 LlJilj ~~ 2 LlJilj LtJIILjB~jllJLntJjilLLOl~lJHlf11jil~
Ultl~ih~qji~ BiJtJlm~tJ1nUrlj ~iljollf (111jltJtU) Ln~tJjalll1j (Vishnu with the Churning of the Sea of Milk) f11rlilHoin~IIi LLail~hhlllii~IIjna1jjiiuiBilltJ1lJUoil (The day of Judgment)
tJ 11 100 LlJilj il ~L lll ~in ~Y11i11llJ ~ii i111lJ allBti1IIa1jjii ~111 ~in ~Y11i111lJ l11fhoi~ fiJ nlJ (lil lilni ~tf 1n1lJ ~11 jn
mrlilH~n~IIfln~111Hii~tI11lJj~lJlru 100 LlJilj uail~ii~ nljjU Y11iilna~i1jllJl11L~B~jllJL1itJjiilUltl~l11L~B~lJHlmjil~
LlJ~tJ ULlitJ Uf11rlilH~n~IIj~Hh~llB~ujlJlll11(jnullB~
lJWlilUltll tI fl~lJ~ ~lilb tJlJiilau ~lilnulii~lJlnn-h (Decoratives)
bLIiifjj tlililiiillllualil~ flfl n chfJI1 fllilll1LlIlJIlI1ll1LLa ~~11lJ LtJlJ
iillQ~fJ ~ tI fl~ tlllbtllJ i flth ~ bLIiIl~~
5 allilalfJ l111olnilmLIii~iilJjjfl~~11uflth~lJlnlJlfJ1ilJbtJlJ
~L ii1hl1bvi fl~11lJ~ ~l1lJ lfJ 1ilfJLl1lJ 1 ~alJ bvi fl Il ~lilnLLIii~lilatl1 UlilfJm~lJ11111~ ~ ~fl ol~ n1~ il1tiLvi flll ~u ~~mlilu~~tTlJrllJ rlU lil
m~li
eJIlQ ~fJ ~atl1uijn ~blJ ~illillJ~ illiliilfliiim (Divikara)bull
1hohnmi31 1i~11imhlultl111 nlJUi~~lJlm~lJtlfl~
al1fJfifllJbtllJ ~ (Pre-Khmer) JlJUi~aU ~11lJ alJjl11leJl11lJiilau ~ btJlJmh~ll1tYl1al~ llJal1fJbtllJ~ (Khmer period) JlJiilaUlJbtllJ~ lliu i ~l eJ a ~ 1lJtI fl~ 1illJti~ iflJ~ alaii~ ua ~tT~~ ~mnltlnjjUI~Ylblljj
tI fl ~ Ui ~~lJ lmilJ1UilU1Hlli U i~~lJ lmilJ tlfl ~ btlmJlJ t)bb ~ ~ nll~~I1~lill1i~~UlJfln LLa~~11lJ~~n~Ualil~flfln ~i~~I1fi~U tI fl ~ btllJ i 1 jj ltlnl+UI~Ii~millii(lbm1ilJrllJ 1i ~a~Ii fllJ111LlIlJ ti~ m~lJcU~11lJ ~~ntl fl~tlllb tllJiflth~u lill~~
l1ol~llln~I1filllilli~jj~ 18 lUbLltIl iilau ~tlfl~btllJib~lJbafllJ IiifllJ lii1au ~ tI fl ~1111]1Iill1BI1il~ ltlbbriiilau ~tlfl ~b tllJ ~ ~i ~~I1ll ~u
tI fl~ btllJ ~flIiBI1fi~a~i~~ I1fi~U bbUu11tIlfl] Ji~ bblli~I1llllil1~il+ ~ 20 btJ lJ1ilJlu tlllLtllJiUUi fllllalJ1illfJ HlJ1J1lJ
lJl]iila iJ mirlfllJ11 LLa ~iilau~ui~fjntil ~mlltJ1t1fl~b tllJi
IllUIl lJU IllJlJiitT~~ ~ all]nlJ1Jjbb~1UilUI
1lllth (Champa) mifJ II ~ilJ tI fl~U ~~b I1l1(flJ U1 (eJlJUlJl1lfltyllJ1lJU llliilJ)
JlJjjlJ1btJlJWlJtJ llilllJll~ilJ tI fl~ ~lJHibth~ ~fl U~ i fl ~Ui ~bI11l(flJUl
Ji~ ulliri fllJ~ ~atil~ml tl bLa ~l1ol ~ ~ ~atillllilliijj~ 1 4 (~I1fillilliijj ~ 19) 1lJ~~1111~~I1filllill~ijj~ 7 i~ ~I1llll(ilii~~ 18 tlll
i1lJ lJ11lii1u flYIil~nl1 ~li1llJ lijjlJil1nfllJ~~fJ 1lJlllJfJ1Jj1WWln
il1lJiiii1lJ1ilYI1~YIH1jlJ1n illJm~ti~1lJ~YIlii1i11jjlj~ 15 ~ln iilJ lI1fJ Tonkinese llii~ ih fj ~fljltl ~ltl1W1~ tJ~ tJltl~~lnil1lJl1~HlJ ~
Uu bl~h1lJlJ 1~ln il1lJr1~ItJ1ampil LJ
~i ltl~ il1n~ln il1lJ1mtJ1l1riltlll11~iH1j ~~~lniilJllii~11l1fJ i H1j~afJH1 fJ lImiJ ~fJ mjlJ tJ ltl ~ il1lJ ~ ti~ iN ~ Hii ltl ltl tiillJ YInllJl ii ~ iiUltlfJ
V
1 H1jtJltl ~ il1lJlJlJlJ IInljw~1l1~ ltl fJ 1 ~ il1l1fJn U1H1j tJ ltl ~ tJ ~11
mi11iiiltliiYJj~~ulJ~nJ1i1Ii (Cubical Cell) ~~iiLJj~lil~ih 1 LJj~lil blll~ii~LJii1HltlnYlJ 3 lii1lJ Hltl~iniH1j~LJm1fJ~bH~fJlJ (Pyramishy
dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
~llLJ~tJltl~~im Mison ~~ll~ Don-Duong bl~~YIfjil~ljIj
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all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
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~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
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3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
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lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
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I (8
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3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
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a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
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(Stucco)
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2
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bull bullbull
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
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logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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~ltf~fllla~njjoGl~fJ)U flallll~G1fl11l (HC)
~ltf~~b1lfJ~ (Shang) ltJ~1u~~fJ~n1l1t1~lllru 1523-1027
~ltfJ~~iJ (Chou Western amp Eastern) 1027-771
alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
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jl1f1~jijilJ (Chin) 221-207
almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
tJil~ lIIlJbUlJhAqjlJ1IJ1ii1U jlWn1ltl lt111fiiill iJI1illlltl~~ 1VIqjil~~ri 1WllJ fj j jlJ IJltl ~~ltl1lnl jlJ tJil ~ If111ilJ biiil ~ illn If111ilJ1~ ~ lIIti~L~il~
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3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
i1 l ltlliln 101 UlJili1hi bri lUribl1ll OJtl n uti lampiffllt11911 tI OJ~ ~f1t11i1
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Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
lh ~tl1if~UrhtfUti1itJltlU lh~tl1if~U1 iii fl tJ ~ ~au n1 ~itn a~ il ~ l~ fl~ ti fltJil~ ~ ~tilaltJ~~lilnl11~jatJ ~tJfl~tllUihU 1my tittJl1ll11tJ~U
a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
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1573-1603 AD fUitJ Tuyutomi
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1603-1868 AD ~1lf1Jfif Tokugawa
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jjljtJ~UililnIJl 4 IiilU itlUUUtJil~l111jiiiillli1~inzi~all~LUUtfU1
l1illlotUnU tiU1tlJU iii j~llIJ tJ il~ uGi l ~tfUil011) tI L~ n 1 tI j~~~1U il~ UUIIi1~~l$tlmlmll~tIIJ (ujl11lil) 1~ila1)tIII~iltljl~~il~UU t1il1il (Finial)
~ ~ ~tI ~
I11Jlil~ Pagan Prome Tagaung Pegu 1Jltl~ Thaton IJ bull nUtI
ifllU ilUlUIJ InIJ 1pound111ULUUWU1 1UlltllamU~LlilLLri~IiIJU ill1il iJ1ll il~l Uj~IIi1~Vjl1lifllilljW~ 6-11 u~hU1IIqjJUllii
all~ tiU1Uj ~IIi1~vtl1tl~IiI1jjli 1 5 -18 elULUUj~t1 ~Llll tJil~
1 2 UUU~ft~~~~1l1fi~~O~ 16~LiNlA1Nftrn~ K~1of=U Radiating
h rULtlUifin1ri~ft1~~n1U~1n~U~~
3 n1nuoil1uLtlUY~kt1I~llhut~m11
4 uniWin~1111i1I1NLjju~nu1An~thLtlu]nuUu urn~u(Wl~ 4 (1U il ~~~~~uliiomA1 tlui)lloftdlu]nuoiuuuN ~U~~ti1U1l1fiiUUUU ft1i1~ nnliudh bullbull~ n~ilftu~~ bullbullIonLIJtfttuLil~ 5 rioUftti~~~~iu~ nuoio~ nbullbull ~il~H1iuou
~ltltl~Ju~~JiJ~~~lh n1jrimfi1~JiJ~~ ~)j1U 1~)1i1~hu1my~lti~iJfJI Viu
1tiUl~LViii iJUrlULLi1ii t1j~ 1ruUmini1 ~1lVl1j~nui1~ ~1U ltl1~ltl1 U
luiJu (Stucco) VIliJampiuLfnlVl (Terra cotta) Li1~iJ~LmliJ1JampiuL~n Qu~1tirlUfuu
ltIiltlJiJ~~~)j1iimnuuUULiiiJ~llnl~-ju fJl1fi~fl llnVlltllU
m~~1UrlU l~uihlt1lt1iltll)jiiultllt1~n (Throne) iJ~tl1~UUi1iJj~81~ (Dome) LL~ni1l~1t1llf1lt1iltlJiJ~fJUL~UUfl~lt1~n1~ ~LUU~ULL uu
ltIiltl~lmY~f~iJ~j1uUjiJ~th~~~(Rangoon) ~iJ tfn~lf1iJ~ (Shweshy
Dagon) ltIh~luVjl1Ii~~1jjjf~ 23 ~~riiJltIh~m~Vjl1Ii~1lt1U1~iJ~ l~u jiJ UltIil t1~Ii~ ldultI~~ ll1L~uii~ fl1j L~mJ J iJ~ lt1mil~u fIjj~ ~~)j1 ~~J1~lrultl~u~m~dhultlmil~ufljj~
111UVllt1~Vjl1fi~Lil1jjjf~ 20 ~ ~)j1L~~ltiliiriiJltIhml1U
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~1UbJ1U t1jLl1~1mJ ~ ~)j1QU ~ Lilnulii~ ltI1l1il~u fIjj~ ~1U fl1Li1fl1U
il1V1lt1n ltl ~-jntJLill1 iJ ~ LtiUL~tJ1tiU
ltIiltl (Tzedi Zedi)
lVl1j (Temple)
Ill (Kyaung = Monastery)
1ultl1i (Thein = Ordination Hall)
I lllUnG11l1fljUI LLlJi1t1j ampi~lf1jj~ tf 11~ ~)j1l1~li1
fl1~ illVllt1nijlldbu Lill~ LLlii~ lUt1j ~ampi~ 1f1jj~ ltlU1myu~ iJn1j
ltI oj l~~ j ~~ l11ij tI ~j~ l11i j tI~~ltI ~II1~u UUiJ th~ lln~ j ~~ l1 fiq q bull ~t1 ltIiiUlt1~ ultl ltl1iUtl1ltlJ iJ~ fJUL~U uUU~j ~Vj l1fi~ tI I iJ~~ )j1~
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1 LL1J1J~Itlt1JtlW MnmnflQtl11 LIIiii-Zedi tTWji)Jlilinln1JIfl~iilLitJ (Indian proshy
ype)
2 ~It1J1L11nfl~ (Shwedagon) ~Lilfl~th~~~ (Rangoon) j~LtIlLL1J1J~1mur~ iiLLtJi
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3 4 ~o1t1un=~~~1bull-7~til-J1jjn=L~lLi1uonu~tiluufi1I1Jl~1
1
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iijnrilJ~1~uli11 IJllJbJlJ tJ Ol~il~tilJ 1lJltJIIlt1~ hjiil1UlilY11~ iIltI IJ ~~ lmXn UltI ~eJ1ilb IJjtJ UblitJUldlriuyj ~ ~yjYli~IJltJOltJ litJl ~OllJ IJ lt11 tJ tJ Ol~1YtJ (IIlt1~ ojtIltJ tJOl~yj~~bijlm~1n~)
U ~ ~~1 ~ 1lJ IJ ~ ~~~ 1 n ~ ~~-ijl11lt1nijlJ ~1 U ~ lu~f~llJldluri
1l1yj-ijl~rn~nu~~OlUlJYl111~iiOl~dl1tJrilJ 81 b~lJ 1l1yj)111oln
ijlJltll~illJ~ ~1tJ~ l~bbltl ~iibb UUI1lt11tJ tJOl~BlJb~tJUlJ l11111b~l~~h
11 ~il ~ tilJ1~tJ ~h~ BlJb~tJ ~~~ ~lJ~ 1lJOl ~jllJyj ti1
nlliillljmjiIl nlJii~~m~~tJOl~yj~jh~t1~blliiOlOl~llJb JlJ
tJOl~il~~lJllJ~~II11~yjYli~~1~~It~ 16 UltI~ 1 7 bb~~l11b1lJii~ rnltU~iIltIIJ ~tJ Ol~l tJn ltI 1~ (Mediaeval) bbltl ~lt1 nltu~~l~ UUU
IJ ~~b yj tU (Conventional) 11 iltJl1 i1 ~ri UnlJii ~~m ~~tJOl~ blJ lJl ltI
bbltl~b U~fl OlltI ~ 1lJii ~~ m~~ tl il ~~lJ tJ Ol~yj ~jhiir mju~b tilJb~tJ1rilJ
riu tJOl~1YtJ mh1ii Ol bJlJbbUullu~Ol illnIJ~~byjtUbbltl ~llbeJ1i1lt1IJ ~
u UU IJ~ ~byj tU~l~~bb IJltI ~ 1I1b iflriU nltU~iIltIIJ~tlil ~ ~lJ1~tJIi11IJ
nllttUl (Cambodia) ~lJ lin tJ Ol~u n IJ ~ ~1~~1~1~lJ nlti1111 tIlJ til ~1 m lu~
Ol liltJ Ol~llJ Ol lul btJ ~~OllJ ldltJ Ol~ IJ~ ~b Y~rilJj tllUltI ~111 illJ-1tIIi1
(Cochin-China) tlill~lJiiiiOltIlJtll~xiUlJ(Funan)
J1tlfleJIlLlJiIlj yjnllf1ll1jntii 9-14 (Pre-Khmer period) I I I
dl~U~YjYll~m~~1jIi 6 bJlJdllJlJl tll1BlJb~tJ ldl~l~~iilJJllJ
Ol~tlJIJ~~bY~~1~1 m~BlJb~tJ Inltl (Further India) IJ~~m~ri~jtll
bJlJ IJ ~ ~b m111ii~ii ~ l 11 BlJ b~tJ ldlbif1~ 1 IJ n 11 ~ Ol~UltI ~1I1B Y 6yj
lV1llJ ll~ ~~ tJOl~ BlJb~tJ uri tll1bii Ol~ ill mJ liltJ mlJYl~(lltl~tJ
m ~~ tJ Ol~lltJ riOllJb tJ~ ~ ~t1~b lliiOl eJ~~l~ b~lb 1lJldl11ii lt1n1jU~ tJ Ol~BlJ b~tJ l~tJ blyj 1 ~ ii Ol illn Y ~ ~ ~ IJlJ poundIn tJ Ol ~ IJ ~ 1~ 11 (Lingashy
prang) illnlJllultI~IIU1~1~1uti (Indian cell amp Chaitya-window)
~ 111 lJ ~ampilJ lmlJ 11111 anVlllUIIlJ~ ~ii1 ~ltI ~~ ~iru 11 ltlltJJlJlhUII tJ il~lll1~ ~111 IIlllJtJii lJ 11111ammhii~lJ 1lJ1ii1tJ 111lJ janjj tli~ l ~11l lt1 ~jj anru~~l11 lJ ~ampilJ InlJ tJ il~ tJlJ
il poundi 1~ 11Il~~ ~ ~vfl1n UUij lJ ~ dl1liiJmA11l1n ~11 ~m tlllJ1~
tllJ~ til ultI ~bb UII illl--h th~ tllJ~ tllllll~~ ~~ llnlJ tJ il~~11 ~11 U q OJ
1~ tJmiltJ uUUilpoundi1~ IIIn~~~llnlJ lllJtJII lJ ~ ~tJ il~ ~IIb~ ml11bil~ 111~ml~Vjlln~~1~ 12 ultI~ 13 lliibn~ll~IllJ~I1il~
~1nvhIIultl~~1mllllltl~ (Chenla) ~mjm~1l1ml1ijiltJil~tllJ~tll ~illJl111Vjlln~m~ 14 tIII 2 tilampiiJtIiilJtlllbtllbUIIiillb~tJ1 tllllii~rll lJ ~lampi~lll~i tJ il~tllJXi til ii~b~lJIiill~111 I1lJ11ii~n
111lJ buIItJnu~11 tJil~illrul lijmbtJlJUUilb~IIb UIIbiln111
U~lilltJnlJ tJil~tllampil Ulru~~I1lt11tJ mll-jl~lllll ll~~111 ~~1t11~ UillJ111tJ bbltl~1~tJb~1~iiilil11rll lll1~1ii1tJm11~t) mh~lJ InlJ1tJ bUIIb11~ 11unlJ ~1ampiAlll~iltllnhlltlllt1IIilm~ mru1lijni tJ il~ btJlJ b~illJ 1mlJ ltI~rllbUIIb~ l~mlll1~ ~~ ~ ~b iJII
il~ llrutlllilpoundi1~lJ 1nlJ1tJUIIbil~
btJlJjj ~mlltJ~lJ In1IImbfluJ1111tl1IImb~ l~lJ~n bjil~ IllnjjmtIltIlJ~mll~amplbtJlJii~lJ~ntll11IiiMultl~ 3 I~~
ffl llll1 (Religion)
tll1btJlJUUiiil~~ii1~ bbltl~~ ~itl btillbamplmtllltlU all5
lJI11tJl11m~Vjlln~1llllliJltJI1ii~iJltJl~I1lil~~ 2 iJltJ iillbUII
11 an bbli~111lJb ~illiIIm~l~ 11l n~~tJ11iilun lb~l~ilb UIIii1 ~ bbltl ~~~itliJ1~llJ lbn~ 11~il ljjflbiJIImd~5a~1 brimll~1l ll1 ~ ~ bba1 ~~ lJ tJ il ~ n ~~ il fI Il ~1Iiilu 111Utllbti IIbll1lJ
Iii~rIIb il~i111 tJ il ~ btJlJ ii ~ il 11llJ ~ampil111 lJ~ 1~ tJ il~ ~ 1llll1
~1~111ii
eil111ilnl~miliH (Political Power)
1 UUU~~-1~1lWU1l1fl-3Ll~11 CiI U~~-3L~ L~ln-3pJLlfln6U-3 l1~lIfl-31l1UUfn1leurolR~1 2 UU flLlllfl-3lfil rltIl l ijl~)j n1n~~ Lii ~ UUU LLUflUlIfl-3 L~)JtlLli~ lJll
3 pJ~~U (Gallery) i1H Youl UU -Corbelling )1i11m i1gti1IJ Ujl-3)j f1J1)J ntlN-11 riLntl-3Rl-3R1~ UJ IlLIntri1~1 n1f1-31VlujjllLl1~ntj1-3~1 mlLl
1uun11L~ Corbelling Vaults )jfl111~n7~li11~ i-3tiUlIfl-3Ll14t-1Jifl-3L-na-3fil1W
4 5 LLUULR1LVl~tI)JlIfI-3LlI)JI ufI-flJLlflLiiU1If1-3flJ~fl1U~1~n~LR1
Ltlll ~jj ii1U11 tJn ~ ~ fl ~ rlll ~ tf11J01n1~ n 011 ~ tl fl~ tJ ~L fI illfI tI
~~ Ii fl ltI i 1~ elULUU fl4 ltI~ ruJ1UlUll 1nll1 tIlliiYl 11111liL1IUii~ ii1U1 I
LL01fl1 ~ tlli~ ~ll tl fl~Ltlll ~ 1Urlflllilil ~ ~Ilfi 18 tJ~LfI illfI tIllii bull G bull
Lflm1tf lJo1 I1nI1Ufl1 U1Jm Ltlll ~n(lllLilflll o1~ tJ~L flillflm~ll
~ill IJ~~ ~U lliitl nnfl~YirlhllMll~ tf11101lt1~-l~ IULtlll~ (ifl~ti1t1 Ujfl~l101l~ I1nU~ ~ llll1tJt1~rlUllL tJlJ
)11
rlil134 5middot1393 LUUltlltllltltll~rl~Lij1tim~llUfi 2 1l1t1l1ol~mlii jlJ n1~tJ01itJlti fltl1liLUUBltIltI~ il1nrlln tf 11fi~lJ tlU~tlll~ i~L~Ufl1~il1ntll1ll1~rlll~tf1 1(iltli1~
1111~ lJU Ltl1f)L01 11 tJ ~ ~Il~lUill di~ il 111 ltllltIQ
rlll~ tl1jjU~~ llllLlUijUtln O1l~
1240-1432 LUUltlltllltltlfl~rl~Lij1BJml~lJUfi 1 jjLjjl~ Roluos LUULjj fl~ l101l~ ltIi1~i111~fiLlJ fl~rl ~1~ LL01Ujfl~lJ1nfl~ (Pra Ko Bakong)
1432-1443 LJUitlltllJtltlfl~rl~~ij1t11lt11~lJUfi 1 m~LJJ~ lllY11~n1~tlO1tJ~YI1U ltli1~Ulfl~rlUlllJ1Ln~ (Phnom
Bakheng)
1471-1484 ~UUitlltllltltlfl~rl~Li1titll~llJfi 4 ltli1~Ljjfl~ l101l~lmjiiflUjfl~1t~~tJ~fi Kha Ker
1487-1511 LUUltfltllJtJtlfl~rl~Lij1~1~tfUfI~1~llJ ltli1~LLjj
lJflUilJflfln (East Meban) IJtJ~jrl (Pre Rup)
L~01UUfl1t1~1t1 (Banteai Srei)
1511-1544 LJUitlltllltltlfl~W~Lij1titll~lJfi 5 ltli1~i111~ YlLUn1il (Phineakas)
1545-1593 LlUitlltllltI tl fl~W~ ~ij1lt1~rn~lJJfi 1 ~lJtlJ1 fltI ltli1~i111~i1LUh (Ta Keo) lminlJU~~llll
ilJ1h~ (Portal) 54middoth~tiUlihJLIIL~mi1LlJ1
2 ri1lflLiltJ~lIpound1~Lft1Litw
3 a1a1tJlIpoundILlI1-J1trQ~lJl1 uiJd1l1illn LLPi~~Cl1UfJnT1)11 llrr LLlJiriiil~li1-J-)
ftmulUn=1~ ~~tulhttJ
204
VilULLltl~LL~UflUil~lUiln (Baphuon and West
Mebon)
1656-1693 LtJUlfltll1poundJ tJfl~Vii~L~lltl~mil1U~ 2 ltlll~Ujjililbull LU~LuiLLltl LLltl~UUYI1poundJltl1IJLL i (Angkor Wat Beng
Mealea and Bantei Samre)
1720- UjjitiIJ~nhIJmilpoundJVilmmJ
1724-1761 LtJU lfltl11poundJ tJ fl~Vi i ~L~lll poundJlil1U ~ 7 ltlll~hl1i VjYItiA1ltlU1~U1poundJU (Bayon) lUU~mlllVl1iLri1 ltll1~lVl1iil1ViiIJLLltl~Vii~t1U (Taprohm amp Pra
Khan)
1823- 1Y1 poundJ poundJnnfl~I1Vi Lii11ni1ULtJIJiLtJUjj~LL in
amul1lpoundJnIJ ltlmUl1IpoundJniiIJ tJfl~LtJIJiiijjl1IJL tJUunLLIiU
LtJUfl4ltlirU lVl1itJfl~LtJIJiiiLfln1l1Viii~1ULLtJ ltlULLltl~~tJm~ LLlJi1
I dliflu LLU Umh~lJ111ntJfl~BUL~poundJ LL~ltlmtJUntJfl~L tJIJi~llifltlll~
~lUltlmUilpoundJniiIJ tJfl~l1IU t1UlJ1LtJULLU UtJfl~L tJIJi Vli~jj 1 tJfl~L tJIJi
LLltll1l~ 1l1LlUii~ BYIfiViltl tJfl~~U UiLltllriLVI~ poundJIJ ~ll)lltl-i ~jjl11LlL tJU
LLUUtJfl~LtJIJiLfl~ (Original) iifl~tJjj1t1 lt51UinjjtlJ~ LnU LltllLLUU
(Caryatids) tJfl~Vinn~mLltl~bl1U i11UUlil~tJU1jj (Balustrades
with nagas) ~tJU1~eltJltli~ltl1poundJ~1IJ ~tJU1jjilnLLi~VlU1~1 LLltl~ lltJ i~tJ fl~BUL~poundJ-i~L tJIJillifU1Lfl1IJ 11tiIiiIilLLtJltl ~L tJU tJi1~i1 ltll1~t1U il1IJ~IJlVl1i Lrlfl1l1fl~i1tJi~nflU tJ fl~ ltlmUIilpoundJniiIJjjjj11IJLtJUun
LLIiUUltl ~jjl1IJ bjlhlf1miifllil1 JULtJUnUell l~poundJ ~tJ fl~LtJIJi
llilpoundJ~11tJm11 Li1fJ11nlti111lifi1 LtJIJiltl11~lVl1itfU 2 LLUU
iifl ltl11~tJi1~i1 (Tower) LLUUVlii~ -i~I~jjIJtJVI~fll~jjIJtJ~l~ ~n LLU U Vlii~rUjj ltl1Uhi1l LLltl ~ltl1U tJ i ~n flU ii fl jj1ii1lVl1iJ~ fl ~ nltll~ ~flIJ i flU ~1 poundJtJ i 1~f( fl ~ il i~~IJ ii~ 1ii1lVl1 iLLltl ~tJ i1~ i1~lJii~~fl~ UU r ~ bull lIpoundJnViULuU IfUl lV11ifl~jjnltl1~Vii~LlJi (Mount Meru) flULuU
205
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111 jB~U lJjl~ii B~i11 HqjH~Brlj~lLlJjil ~tJm 111 tflll l11
HlJ ltJii~j ~U U ll B~~ni1lltl
m~ 11111 LL~ au 11~ tJ 111 ~ aln ltl LLoil hiii~ ~ riB al1 ~ llllL 111 B4ajru1ill ll B~ tf 11il dllBBniii111lJ a1tJ nlJUltl ~a~l ~hL~ tJ Llil
nUIIi1jlilLOltJ
ImHII~h ~tl hulqjlJEl~U fl-1Gl ii ~~l9iElllJil io f ~
1 i1ltlBlJjBU lJLIIBI1 1500 x 1300 LlJilj
2 ~1~tl11 (Causeway) iijl1Uulil~lJUli1 iI~ii~Iijj~B~ ilj~liil1111l~Lih (Entrance)
v t x 3 tflU (Terraces) ltl(lHltlunll 3 tfll tfllUjnlJLIIBI1 215 x
187 LlJilj iii111lJa~j1lJnll~~i11 6 5 LlJilj Lvimui~ltll11~I1AUtJ ~ ~ t l11t11 tfl11tflll1 2 il~a~n11tfllLLjn Ultl~tflll1 3 na~n11tflll1 2
i bull bull
tfl1111~ 3 ~IIUoiBlJjBUii1tJiH1ji1il (Galleries) iHlji1il~IIli 2
LLltl~tTII~ 3 iilJjl~iilJj~Uiljol11Btiilj~lJlJ (Comer towers) ilj~ ~
n ltl1~ f111 tTII ~ 3 iilJjl~ii B~iilJj ~(jl11L IuLBn (B1il lJj ~Uijjl11
LI11~lJH~~iil1ii~ii) ~ ~ bull v ~ 4 lHlji1 illlB~ tfl11 tfllUjn lJf11rlillHltlnllllilmLil~lJj~tJ~
d shytI11l~ 600 LlJilj ~~ 2 LlJilj LtJIILjB~jllJLntJjilLLOl~lJHlf11jil~
Ultl~ih~qji~ BiJtJlm~tJ1nUrlj ~iljollf (111jltJtU) Ln~tJjalll1j (Vishnu with the Churning of the Sea of Milk) f11rlilHoin~IIi LLail~hhlllii~IIjna1jjiiuiBilltJ1lJUoil (The day of Judgment)
tJ 11 100 LlJilj il ~L lll ~in ~Y11i11llJ ~ii i111lJ allBti1IIa1jjii ~111 ~in ~Y11i111lJ l11fhoi~ fiJ nlJ (lil lilni ~tf 1n1lJ ~11 jn
mrlilH~n~IIfln~111Hii~tI11lJj~lJlru 100 LlJilj uail~ii~ nljjU Y11iilna~i1jllJl11L~B~jllJL1itJjiilUltl~l11L~B~lJHlmjil~
LlJ~tJ ULlitJ Uf11rlilH~n~IIj~Hh~llB~ujlJlll11(jnullB~
lJWlilUltll tI fl~lJ~ ~lilb tJlJiilau ~lilnulii~lJlnn-h (Decoratives)
bLIiifjj tlililiiillllualil~ flfl n chfJI1 fllilll1LlIlJIlI1ll1LLa ~~11lJ LtJlJ
iillQ~fJ ~ tI fl~ tlllbtllJ i flth ~ bLIiIl~~
5 allilalfJ l111olnilmLIii~iilJjjfl~~11uflth~lJlnlJlfJ1ilJbtJlJ
~L ii1hl1bvi fl~11lJ~ ~l1lJ lfJ 1ilfJLl1lJ 1 ~alJ bvi fl Il ~lilnLLIii~lilatl1 UlilfJm~lJ11111~ ~ ~fl ol~ n1~ il1tiLvi flll ~u ~~mlilu~~tTlJrllJ rlU lil
m~li
eJIlQ ~fJ ~atl1uijn ~blJ ~illillJ~ illiliilfliiim (Divikara)bull
1hohnmi31 1i~11imhlultl111 nlJUi~~lJlm~lJtlfl~
al1fJfifllJbtllJ ~ (Pre-Khmer) JlJUi~aU ~11lJ alJjl11leJl11lJiilau ~ btJlJmh~ll1tYl1al~ llJal1fJbtllJ~ (Khmer period) JlJiilaUlJbtllJ~ lliu i ~l eJ a ~ 1lJtI fl~ 1illJti~ iflJ~ alaii~ ua ~tT~~ ~mnltlnjjUI~Ylblljj
tI fl ~ Ui ~~lJ lmilJ1UilU1Hlli U i~~lJ lmilJ tlfl ~ btlmJlJ t)bb ~ ~ nll~~I1~lill1i~~UlJfln LLa~~11lJ~~n~Ualil~flfln ~i~~I1fi~U tI fl ~ btllJ i 1 jj ltlnl+UI~Ii~millii(lbm1ilJrllJ 1i ~a~Ii fllJ111LlIlJ ti~ m~lJcU~11lJ ~~ntl fl~tlllb tllJiflth~u lill~~
l1ol~llln~I1filllilli~jj~ 18 lUbLltIl iilau ~tlfl~btllJib~lJbafllJ IiifllJ lii1au ~ tI fl ~1111]1Iill1BI1il~ ltlbbriiilau ~tlfl ~b tllJ ~ ~i ~~I1ll ~u
tI fl~ btllJ ~flIiBI1fi~a~i~~ I1fi~U bbUu11tIlfl] Ji~ bblli~I1llllil1~il+ ~ 20 btJ lJ1ilJlu tlllLtllJiUUi fllllalJ1illfJ HlJ1J1lJ
lJl]iila iJ mirlfllJ11 LLa ~iilau~ui~fjntil ~mlltJ1t1fl~b tllJi
IllUIl lJU IllJlJiitT~~ ~ all]nlJ1Jjbb~1UilUI
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2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
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all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
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bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
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~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
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3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
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lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
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liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
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I (8
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3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
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a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
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(Stucco)
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bull bullbull
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
110U~H tJU ~~h lll ltl1lHjj ~n yj 1~110U~~ Iiitl al1altl ~Jl111a
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India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
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almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
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Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
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a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
t tTl~ l~tJ ~ ~t M~Ur lill~ tIUtlll~UlhJ~tJitJUililU il~ ttUU fl~tlU l al1tiillaflUtJfl~tJ~iltta~tl1alilflfltJlilafllil~l
tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
t1l 1I ua~liULi1ill LL~fIl15ViaLmhiillii(lmjflll llillljauU~U il~JUbull Lfl~jatJ ~tJ fl~~U 5~ Inlilruanru~tJfl~lilU1i1liiLnflu 4000 tJ
tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
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tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
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iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
IUUlll~liIm Mitsunaga 1ij1il~mbVmlli~RlliiilIil1~~ltr1 12 IUU
tI~lJlill~li~IitJUll1~r1IltJn Makimono ii ~il~1iI1l1~ l~~~m~il
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1U ~tJ ii ~ij ~ ~tJ ~11alBUlUi iiatl~liillUU 1tllilllJ uUUtJil~ ltflltJ Fujiwara (~ltlh1Jn)
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(Massive brackets) ~ltiUtJltJRl BUiiUiJeJnlJlilln~~~Iil~li
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tI~ ~ilJ lmr1~~ 1V1qj Bn~Hii~ii il Jokei ~iiilHlt1n lUBUtJnlJ ~1tJ1iiliH Sho Kannon lU Kuramadera r1 Kyoto nU1ijIil~m~lJ ~ ~ ~Vj YIlJl UlilllJ uu UU~ ~I~ iUUil~l UIYI11i11U1~fll~l~ 1 ii ~ ojU
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nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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(1290-1330 AD)
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1 J ~~l~ (j](j]~~(j]l~fllflU (Kilns) tJll ru IJJfl~ Seto
ilJJflilull (Modern Time) bull 1334-1573 AD11l1Jj1rf1J1f Ashikaga
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fl11lJ iii IiIb till ihfl ~ btJll a~ fl IiIfl61fl~ tiU l (j]lJ fl ~ tJ fl~W 1nIl13j1j
(Samurai) 1i ~b Ullfl-lljtfllUnfljfl~ fll ~ ~ 1IInll i 1iIjnj jlJ LlU U flti 1~ il U ~fl ti 1~ bbtfill ~ IiIllJ
lij jlJ fl~ l~b tl1UfIll ilbbU U flti 1 ~ il U ~liIllJ Uj ~b W ru bbl ~bb U U
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Densu 1 352-1431 AD) ii ~b tifllJ111W1Ulll~fl~ampilil~fltillii~ 50
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(1483 AD) LUlJII (I ~m~L ~ tJlJ1l1Wjj i111lJ oj en I111lJni 1
Shubun li1lJ~iiL~ tJlJ ~tlol~~ ~1lf lJfl~ilmm If lJI1ltlltJlhlJ Sesshu
(1420-1506 AD) LUlJII(I~m~L~tJlJ1l1WlflJUl1~jj ~mi1tJ~ III _ l 0
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4 uniWin~1111i1I1NLjju~nu1An~thLtlu]nuUu urn~u(Wl~ 4 (1U il ~~~~~uliiomA1 tlui)lloftdlu]nuoiuuuN ~U~~ti1U1l1fiiUUUU ft1i1~ nnliudh bullbull~ n~ilftu~~ bullbullIonLIJtfttuLil~ 5 rioUftti~~~~iu~ nuoio~ nbullbull ~il~H1iuou
~ltltl~Ju~~JiJ~~~lh n1jrimfi1~JiJ~~ ~)j1U 1~)1i1~hu1my~lti~iJfJI Viu
1tiUl~LViii iJUrlULLi1ii t1j~ 1ruUmini1 ~1lVl1j~nui1~ ~1U ltl1~ltl1 U
luiJu (Stucco) VIliJampiuLfnlVl (Terra cotta) Li1~iJ~LmliJ1JampiuL~n Qu~1tirlUfuu
ltIiltlJiJ~~~)j1iimnuuUULiiiJ~llnl~-ju fJl1fi~fl llnVlltllU
m~~1UrlU l~uihlt1lt1iltll)jiiultllt1~n (Throne) iJ~tl1~UUi1iJj~81~ (Dome) LL~ni1l~1t1llf1lt1iltlJiJ~fJUL~UUfl~lt1~n1~ ~LUU~ULL uu
ltIiltl~lmY~f~iJ~j1uUjiJ~th~~~(Rangoon) ~iJ tfn~lf1iJ~ (Shweshy
Dagon) ltIh~luVjl1Ii~~1jjjf~ 23 ~~riiJltIh~m~Vjl1Ii~1lt1U1~iJ~ l~u jiJ UltIil t1~Ii~ ldultI~~ ll1L~uii~ fl1j L~mJ J iJ~ lt1mil~u fIjj~ ~~)j1 ~~J1~lrultl~u~m~dhultlmil~ufljj~
111UVllt1~Vjl1fi~Lil1jjjf~ 20 ~ ~)j1L~~ltiliiriiJltIhml1U
fJlLLltl Vtu 11j1tilliiiLiJ~l~riiJll1LnLiluUU~fltl1VI)j tu rULUU ~~ Iijj~ Lil1Uritlj~L l1~~~)j1 1l1U LLltl LJ~j LtiUL~tJ1rlUn1jriiJltloj1~
~1UbJ1U t1jLl1~1mJ ~ ~)j1QU ~ Lilnulii~ ltI1l1il~u fIjj~ ~1U fl1Li1fl1U
il1V1lt1n ltl ~-jntJLill1 iJ ~ LtiUL~tJ1tiU
ltIiltl (Tzedi Zedi)
lVl1j (Temple)
Ill (Kyaung = Monastery)
1ultl1i (Thein = Ordination Hall)
I lllUnG11l1fljUI LLlJi1t1j ampi~lf1jj~ tf 11~ ~)j1l1~li1
fl1~ illVllt1nijlldbu Lill~ LLlii~ lUt1j ~ampi~ 1f1jj~ ltlU1myu~ iJn1j
ltI oj l~~ j ~~ l11ij tI ~j~ l11i j tI~~ltI ~II1~u UUiJ th~ lln~ j ~~ l1 fiq q bull ~t1 ltIiiUlt1~ ultl ltl1iUtl1ltlJ iJ~ fJUL~U uUU~j ~Vj l1fi~ tI I iJ~~ )j1~
lt
1 LL1J1J~Itlt1JtlW MnmnflQtl11 LIIiii-Zedi tTWji)Jlilinln1JIfl~iilLitJ (Indian proshy
ype)
2 ~It1J1L11nfl~ (Shwedagon) ~Lilfl~th~~~ (Rangoon) j~LtIlLL1J1J~1mur~ iiLLtJi
o11JIJilJ11qj u~llill~fi1J~LatilJ Ugtill~1 (Shrin) 1nIJ1utu rtl1Jfl~ rl ~i1~flU1~tl1n1UlnLLfl LLft~ 1~L~Iii~ilVlfifl ~fltl~fl~i LlJ LLfl ~~1 lil~ Lnmiddoti1~Qmtil-hWItutllln~nu1rf (T or Cubical throne)
3 4 ~o1t1un=~~~1bull-7~til-J1jjn=L~lLi1uonu~tiluufi1I1Jl~1
1
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~1riutJlJfln1ffU-ilLlIIft~Lfml
iijnrilJ~1~uli11 IJllJbJlJ tJ Ol~il~tilJ 1lJltJIIlt1~ hjiil1UlilY11~ iIltI IJ ~~ lmXn UltI ~eJ1ilb IJjtJ UblitJUldlriuyj ~ ~yjYli~IJltJOltJ litJl ~OllJ IJ lt11 tJ tJ Ol~1YtJ (IIlt1~ ojtIltJ tJOl~yj~~bijlm~1n~)
U ~ ~~1 ~ 1lJ IJ ~ ~~~ 1 n ~ ~~-ijl11lt1nijlJ ~1 U ~ lu~f~llJldluri
1l1yj-ijl~rn~nu~~OlUlJYl111~iiOl~dl1tJrilJ 81 b~lJ 1l1yj)111oln
ijlJltll~illJ~ ~1tJ~ l~bbltl ~iibb UUI1lt11tJ tJOl~BlJb~tJUlJ l11111b~l~~h
11 ~il ~ tilJ1~tJ ~h~ BlJb~tJ ~~~ ~lJ~ 1lJOl ~jllJyj ti1
nlliillljmjiIl nlJii~~m~~tJOl~yj~jh~t1~blliiOlOl~llJb JlJ
tJOl~il~~lJllJ~~II11~yjYli~~1~~It~ 16 UltI~ 1 7 bb~~l11b1lJii~ rnltU~iIltIIJ ~tJ Ol~l tJn ltI 1~ (Mediaeval) bbltl ~lt1 nltu~~l~ UUU
IJ ~~b yj tU (Conventional) 11 iltJl1 i1 ~ri UnlJii ~~m ~~tJOl~ blJ lJl ltI
bbltl~b U~fl OlltI ~ 1lJii ~~ m~~ tl il ~~lJ tJ Ol~yj ~jhiir mju~b tilJb~tJ1rilJ
riu tJOl~1YtJ mh1ii Ol bJlJbbUullu~Ol illnIJ~~byjtUbbltl ~llbeJ1i1lt1IJ ~
u UU IJ~ ~byj tU~l~~bb IJltI ~ 1I1b iflriU nltU~iIltIIJ~tlil ~ ~lJ1~tJIi11IJ
nllttUl (Cambodia) ~lJ lin tJ Ol~u n IJ ~ ~1~~1~1~lJ nlti1111 tIlJ til ~1 m lu~
Ol liltJ Ol~llJ Ol lul btJ ~~OllJ ldltJ Ol~ IJ~ ~b Y~rilJj tllUltI ~111 illJ-1tIIi1
(Cochin-China) tlill~lJiiiiOltIlJtll~xiUlJ(Funan)
J1tlfleJIlLlJiIlj yjnllf1ll1jntii 9-14 (Pre-Khmer period) I I I
dl~U~YjYll~m~~1jIi 6 bJlJdllJlJl tll1BlJb~tJ ldl~l~~iilJJllJ
Ol~tlJIJ~~bY~~1~1 m~BlJb~tJ Inltl (Further India) IJ~~m~ri~jtll
bJlJ IJ ~ ~b m111ii~ii ~ l 11 BlJ b~tJ ldlbif1~ 1 IJ n 11 ~ Ol~UltI ~1I1B Y 6yj
lV1llJ ll~ ~~ tJOl~ BlJb~tJ uri tll1bii Ol~ ill mJ liltJ mlJYl~(lltl~tJ
m ~~ tJ Ol~lltJ riOllJb tJ~ ~ ~t1~b lliiOl eJ~~l~ b~lb 1lJldl11ii lt1n1jU~ tJ Ol~BlJ b~tJ l~tJ blyj 1 ~ ii Ol illn Y ~ ~ ~ IJlJ poundIn tJ Ol ~ IJ ~ 1~ 11 (Lingashy
prang) illnlJllultI~IIU1~1~1uti (Indian cell amp Chaitya-window)
~ 111 lJ ~ampilJ lmlJ 11111 anVlllUIIlJ~ ~ii1 ~ltI ~~ ~iru 11 ltlltJJlJlhUII tJ il~lll1~ ~111 IIlllJtJii lJ 11111ammhii~lJ 1lJ1ii1tJ 111lJ janjj tli~ l ~11l lt1 ~jj anru~~l11 lJ ~ampilJ InlJ tJ il~ tJlJ
il poundi 1~ 11Il~~ ~ ~vfl1n UUij lJ ~ dl1liiJmA11l1n ~11 ~m tlllJ1~
tllJ~ til ultI ~bb UII illl--h th~ tllJ~ tllllll~~ ~~ llnlJ tJ il~~11 ~11 U q OJ
1~ tJmiltJ uUUilpoundi1~ IIIn~~~llnlJ lllJtJII lJ ~ ~tJ il~ ~IIb~ ml11bil~ 111~ml~Vjlln~~1~ 12 ultI~ 13 lliibn~ll~IllJ~I1il~
~1nvhIIultl~~1mllllltl~ (Chenla) ~mjm~1l1ml1ijiltJil~tllJ~tll ~illJl111Vjlln~m~ 14 tIII 2 tilampiiJtIiilJtlllbtllbUIIiillb~tJ1 tllllii~rll lJ ~lampi~lll~i tJ il~tllJXi til ii~b~lJIiill~111 I1lJ11ii~n
111lJ buIItJnu~11 tJil~illrul lijmbtJlJUUilb~IIb UIIbiln111
U~lilltJnlJ tJil~tllampil Ulru~~I1lt11tJ mll-jl~lllll ll~~111 ~~1t11~ UillJ111tJ bbltl~1~tJb~1~iiilil11rll lll1~1ii1tJm11~t) mh~lJ InlJ1tJ bUIIb11~ 11unlJ ~1ampiAlll~iltllnhlltlllt1IIilm~ mru1lijni tJ il~ btJlJ b~illJ 1mlJ ltI~rllbUIIb~ l~mlll1~ ~~ ~ ~b iJII
il~ llrutlllilpoundi1~lJ 1nlJ1tJUIIbil~
btJlJjj ~mlltJ~lJ In1IImbfluJ1111tl1IImb~ l~lJ~n bjil~ IllnjjmtIltIlJ~mll~amplbtJlJii~lJ~ntll11IiiMultl~ 3 I~~
ffl llll1 (Religion)
tll1btJlJUUiiil~~ii1~ bbltl~~ ~itl btillbamplmtllltlU all5
lJI11tJl11m~Vjlln~1llllliJltJI1ii~iJltJl~I1lil~~ 2 iJltJ iillbUII
11 an bbli~111lJb ~illiIIm~l~ 11l n~~tJ11iilun lb~l~ilb UIIii1 ~ bbltl ~~~itliJ1~llJ lbn~ 11~il ljjflbiJIImd~5a~1 brimll~1l ll1 ~ ~ bba1 ~~ lJ tJ il ~ n ~~ il fI Il ~1Iiilu 111Utllbti IIbll1lJ
Iii~rIIb il~i111 tJ il ~ btJlJ ii ~ il 11llJ ~ampil111 lJ~ 1~ tJ il~ ~ 1llll1
~1~111ii
eil111ilnl~miliH (Political Power)
1 UUU~~-1~1lWU1l1fl-3Ll~11 CiI U~~-3L~ L~ln-3pJLlfln6U-3 l1~lIfl-31l1UUfn1leurolR~1 2 UU flLlllfl-3lfil rltIl l ijl~)j n1n~~ Lii ~ UUU LLUflUlIfl-3 L~)JtlLli~ lJll
3 pJ~~U (Gallery) i1H Youl UU -Corbelling )1i11m i1gti1IJ Ujl-3)j f1J1)J ntlN-11 riLntl-3Rl-3R1~ UJ IlLIntri1~1 n1f1-31VlujjllLl1~ntj1-3~1 mlLl
1uun11L~ Corbelling Vaults )jfl111~n7~li11~ i-3tiUlIfl-3Ll14t-1Jifl-3L-na-3fil1W
4 5 LLUULR1LVl~tI)JlIfI-3LlI)JI ufI-flJLlflLiiU1If1-3flJ~fl1U~1~n~LR1
Ltlll ~jj ii1U11 tJn ~ ~ fl ~ rlll ~ tf11J01n1~ n 011 ~ tl fl~ tJ ~L fI illfI tI
~~ Ii fl ltI i 1~ elULUU fl4 ltI~ ruJ1UlUll 1nll1 tIlliiYl 11111liL1IUii~ ii1U1 I
LL01fl1 ~ tlli~ ~ll tl fl~Ltlll ~ 1Urlflllilil ~ ~Ilfi 18 tJ~LfI illfI tIllii bull G bull
Lflm1tf lJo1 I1nI1Ufl1 U1Jm Ltlll ~n(lllLilflll o1~ tJ~L flillflm~ll
~ill IJ~~ ~U lliitl nnfl~YirlhllMll~ tf11101lt1~-l~ IULtlll~ (ifl~ti1t1 Ujfl~l101l~ I1nU~ ~ llll1tJt1~rlUllL tJlJ
)11
rlil134 5middot1393 LUUltlltllltltll~rl~Lij1tim~llUfi 2 1l1t1l1ol~mlii jlJ n1~tJ01itJlti fltl1liLUUBltIltI~ il1nrlln tf 11fi~lJ tlU~tlll~ i~L~Ufl1~il1ntll1ll1~rlll~tf1 1(iltli1~
1111~ lJU Ltl1f)L01 11 tJ ~ ~Il~lUill di~ il 111 ltllltIQ
rlll~ tl1jjU~~ llllLlUijUtln O1l~
1240-1432 LUUltlltllltltlfl~rl~Lij1BJml~lJUfi 1 jjLjjl~ Roluos LUULjj fl~ l101l~ ltIi1~i111~fiLlJ fl~rl ~1~ LL01Ujfl~lJ1nfl~ (Pra Ko Bakong)
1432-1443 LJUitlltllJtltlfl~rl~~ij1t11lt11~lJUfi 1 m~LJJ~ lllY11~n1~tlO1tJ~YI1U ltli1~Ulfl~rlUlllJ1Ln~ (Phnom
Bakheng)
1471-1484 ~UUitlltllltltlfl~rl~Li1titll~llJfi 4 ltli1~Ljjfl~ l101l~lmjiiflUjfl~1t~~tJ~fi Kha Ker
1487-1511 LUUltfltllJtJtlfl~rl~Lij1~1~tfUfI~1~llJ ltli1~LLjj
lJflUilJflfln (East Meban) IJtJ~jrl (Pre Rup)
L~01UUfl1t1~1t1 (Banteai Srei)
1511-1544 LJUitlltllltltlfl~W~Lij1titll~lJfi 5 ltli1~i111~ YlLUn1il (Phineakas)
1545-1593 LlUitlltllltI tl fl~W~ ~ij1lt1~rn~lJJfi 1 ~lJtlJ1 fltI ltli1~i111~i1LUh (Ta Keo) lminlJU~~llll
ilJ1h~ (Portal) 54middoth~tiUlihJLIIL~mi1LlJ1
2 ri1lflLiltJ~lIpound1~Lft1Litw
3 a1a1tJlIpoundILlI1-J1trQ~lJl1 uiJd1l1illn LLPi~~Cl1UfJnT1)11 llrr LLlJiriiil~li1-J-)
ftmulUn=1~ ~~tulhttJ
204
VilULLltl~LL~UflUil~lUiln (Baphuon and West
Mebon)
1656-1693 LtJUlfltll1poundJ tJfl~Vii~L~lltl~mil1U~ 2 ltlll~Ujjililbull LU~LuiLLltl LLltl~UUYI1poundJltl1IJLL i (Angkor Wat Beng
Mealea and Bantei Samre)
1720- UjjitiIJ~nhIJmilpoundJVilmmJ
1724-1761 LtJU lfltl11poundJ tJ fl~Vi i ~L~lll poundJlil1U ~ 7 ltlll~hl1i VjYItiA1ltlU1~U1poundJU (Bayon) lUU~mlllVl1iLri1 ltll1~lVl1iil1ViiIJLLltl~Vii~t1U (Taprohm amp Pra
Khan)
1823- 1Y1 poundJ poundJnnfl~I1Vi Lii11ni1ULtJIJiLtJUjj~LL in
amul1lpoundJnIJ ltlmUl1IpoundJniiIJ tJfl~LtJIJiiijjl1IJL tJUunLLIiU
LtJUfl4ltlirU lVl1itJfl~LtJIJiiiLfln1l1Viii~1ULLtJ ltlULLltl~~tJm~ LLlJi1
I dliflu LLU Umh~lJ111ntJfl~BUL~poundJ LL~ltlmtJUntJfl~L tJIJi~llifltlll~
~lUltlmUilpoundJniiIJ tJfl~l1IU t1UlJ1LtJULLU UtJfl~L tJIJi Vli~jj 1 tJfl~L tJIJi
LLltll1l~ 1l1LlUii~ BYIfiViltl tJfl~~U UiLltllriLVI~ poundJIJ ~ll)lltl-i ~jjl11LlL tJU
LLUUtJfl~LtJIJiLfl~ (Original) iifl~tJjj1t1 lt51UinjjtlJ~ LnU LltllLLUU
(Caryatids) tJfl~Vinn~mLltl~bl1U i11UUlil~tJU1jj (Balustrades
with nagas) ~tJU1~eltJltli~ltl1poundJ~1IJ ~tJU1jjilnLLi~VlU1~1 LLltl~ lltJ i~tJ fl~BUL~poundJ-i~L tJIJillifU1Lfl1IJ 11tiIiiIilLLtJltl ~L tJU tJi1~i1 ltll1~t1U il1IJ~IJlVl1i Lrlfl1l1fl~i1tJi~nflU tJ fl~ ltlmUIilpoundJniiIJjjjj11IJLtJUun
LLIiUUltl ~jjl1IJ bjlhlf1miifllil1 JULtJUnUell l~poundJ ~tJ fl~LtJIJi
llilpoundJ~11tJm11 Li1fJ11nlti111lifi1 LtJIJiltl11~lVl1itfU 2 LLUU
iifl ltl11~tJi1~i1 (Tower) LLUUVlii~ -i~I~jjIJtJVI~fll~jjIJtJ~l~ ~n LLU U Vlii~rUjj ltl1Uhi1l LLltl ~ltl1U tJ i ~n flU ii fl jj1ii1lVl1iJ~ fl ~ nltll~ ~flIJ i flU ~1 poundJtJ i 1~f( fl ~ il i~~IJ ii~ 1ii1lVl1 iLLltl ~tJ i1~ i1~lJii~~fl~ UU r ~ bull lIpoundJnViULuU IfUl lV11ifl~jjnltl1~Vii~LlJi (Mount Meru) flULuU
205
~Ih~I1u llB~LHhLI1rltJill~~HltlltJ UlJOlll riLH~mJil~aHlntJii~ YiA~~ri hlllJltmiiL~nl HlJltJii~il1~ill1111a1jjii
111 jB~U lJjl~ii B~i11 HqjH~Brlj~lLlJjil ~tJm 111 tflll l11
HlJ ltJii~j ~U U ll B~~ni1lltl
m~ 11111 LL~ au 11~ tJ 111 ~ aln ltl LLoil hiii~ ~ riB al1 ~ llllL 111 B4ajru1ill ll B~ tf 11il dllBBniii111lJ a1tJ nlJUltl ~a~l ~hL~ tJ Llil
nUIIi1jlilLOltJ
ImHII~h ~tl hulqjlJEl~U fl-1Gl ii ~~l9iElllJil io f ~
1 i1ltlBlJjBU lJLIIBI1 1500 x 1300 LlJilj
2 ~1~tl11 (Causeway) iijl1Uulil~lJUli1 iI~ii~Iijj~B~ ilj~liil1111l~Lih (Entrance)
v t x 3 tflU (Terraces) ltl(lHltlunll 3 tfll tfllUjnlJLIIBI1 215 x
187 LlJilj iii111lJa~j1lJnll~~i11 6 5 LlJilj Lvimui~ltll11~I1AUtJ ~ ~ t l11t11 tfl11tflll1 2 il~a~n11tfllLLjn Ultl~tflll1 3 na~n11tflll1 2
i bull bull
tfl1111~ 3 ~IIUoiBlJjBUii1tJiH1ji1il (Galleries) iHlji1il~IIli 2
LLltl~tTII~ 3 iilJjl~iilJj~Uiljol11Btiilj~lJlJ (Comer towers) ilj~ ~
n ltl1~ f111 tTII ~ 3 iilJjl~ii B~iilJj ~(jl11L IuLBn (B1il lJj ~Uijjl11
LI11~lJH~~iil1ii~ii) ~ ~ bull v ~ 4 lHlji1 illlB~ tfl11 tfllUjn lJf11rlillHltlnllllilmLil~lJj~tJ~
d shytI11l~ 600 LlJilj ~~ 2 LlJilj LtJIILjB~jllJLntJjilLLOl~lJHlf11jil~
Ultl~ih~qji~ BiJtJlm~tJ1nUrlj ~iljollf (111jltJtU) Ln~tJjalll1j (Vishnu with the Churning of the Sea of Milk) f11rlilHoin~IIi LLail~hhlllii~IIjna1jjiiuiBilltJ1lJUoil (The day of Judgment)
tJ 11 100 LlJilj il ~L lll ~in ~Y11i11llJ ~ii i111lJ allBti1IIa1jjii ~111 ~in ~Y11i111lJ l11fhoi~ fiJ nlJ (lil lilni ~tf 1n1lJ ~11 jn
mrlilH~n~IIfln~111Hii~tI11lJj~lJlru 100 LlJilj uail~ii~ nljjU Y11iilna~i1jllJl11L~B~jllJL1itJjiilUltl~l11L~B~lJHlmjil~
LlJ~tJ ULlitJ Uf11rlilH~n~IIj~Hh~llB~ujlJlll11(jnullB~
lJWlilUltll tI fl~lJ~ ~lilb tJlJiilau ~lilnulii~lJlnn-h (Decoratives)
bLIiifjj tlililiiillllualil~ flfl n chfJI1 fllilll1LlIlJIlI1ll1LLa ~~11lJ LtJlJ
iillQ~fJ ~ tI fl~ tlllbtllJ i flth ~ bLIiIl~~
5 allilalfJ l111olnilmLIii~iilJjjfl~~11uflth~lJlnlJlfJ1ilJbtJlJ
~L ii1hl1bvi fl~11lJ~ ~l1lJ lfJ 1ilfJLl1lJ 1 ~alJ bvi fl Il ~lilnLLIii~lilatl1 UlilfJm~lJ11111~ ~ ~fl ol~ n1~ il1tiLvi flll ~u ~~mlilu~~tTlJrllJ rlU lil
m~li
eJIlQ ~fJ ~atl1uijn ~blJ ~illillJ~ illiliilfliiim (Divikara)bull
1hohnmi31 1i~11imhlultl111 nlJUi~~lJlm~lJtlfl~
al1fJfifllJbtllJ ~ (Pre-Khmer) JlJUi~aU ~11lJ alJjl11leJl11lJiilau ~ btJlJmh~ll1tYl1al~ llJal1fJbtllJ~ (Khmer period) JlJiilaUlJbtllJ~ lliu i ~l eJ a ~ 1lJtI fl~ 1illJti~ iflJ~ alaii~ ua ~tT~~ ~mnltlnjjUI~Ylblljj
tI fl ~ Ui ~~lJ lmilJ1UilU1Hlli U i~~lJ lmilJ tlfl ~ btlmJlJ t)bb ~ ~ nll~~I1~lill1i~~UlJfln LLa~~11lJ~~n~Ualil~flfln ~i~~I1fi~U tI fl ~ btllJ i 1 jj ltlnl+UI~Ii~millii(lbm1ilJrllJ 1i ~a~Ii fllJ111LlIlJ ti~ m~lJcU~11lJ ~~ntl fl~tlllb tllJiflth~u lill~~
l1ol~llln~I1filllilli~jj~ 18 lUbLltIl iilau ~tlfl~btllJib~lJbafllJ IiifllJ lii1au ~ tI fl ~1111]1Iill1BI1il~ ltlbbriiilau ~tlfl ~b tllJ ~ ~i ~~I1ll ~u
tI fl~ btllJ ~flIiBI1fi~a~i~~ I1fi~U bbUu11tIlfl] Ji~ bblli~I1llllil1~il+ ~ 20 btJ lJ1ilJlu tlllLtllJiUUi fllllalJ1illfJ HlJ1J1lJ
lJl]iila iJ mirlfllJ11 LLa ~iilau~ui~fjntil ~mlltJ1t1fl~b tllJi
IllUIl lJU IllJlJiitT~~ ~ all]nlJ1Jjbb~1UilUI
1lllth (Champa) mifJ II ~ilJ tI fl~U ~~b I1l1(flJ U1 (eJlJUlJl1lfltyllJ1lJU llliilJ)
JlJjjlJ1btJlJWlJtJ llilllJll~ilJ tI fl~ ~lJHibth~ ~fl U~ i fl ~Ui ~bI11l(flJUl
Ji~ ulliri fllJ~ ~atil~ml tl bLa ~l1ol ~ ~ ~atillllilliijj~ 1 4 (~I1fillilliijj ~ 19) 1lJ~~1111~~I1filllill~ijj~ 7 i~ ~I1llll(ilii~~ 18 tlll
i1lJ lJ11lii1u flYIil~nl1 ~li1llJ lijjlJil1nfllJ~~fJ 1lJlllJfJ1Jj1WWln
il1lJiiii1lJ1ilYI1~YIH1jlJ1n illJm~ti~1lJ~YIlii1i11jjlj~ 15 ~ln iilJ lI1fJ Tonkinese llii~ ih fj ~fljltl ~ltl1W1~ tJ~ tJltl~~lnil1lJl1~HlJ ~
Uu bl~h1lJlJ 1~ln il1lJr1~ItJ1ampil LJ
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dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
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2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
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all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
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bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
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~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
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3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
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lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
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liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
~ln~lmvlmj~L01l~W~tiil101U1 lUUl1n~l~nU 1tJJ1mtJ~~ 111tl
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I (8
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3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
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a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
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(Stucco)
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bull bullbull
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
110U~H tJU ~~h lll ltl1lHjj ~n yj 1~110U~~ Iiitl al1altl ~Jl111a
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logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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~ltf~fllla~njjoGl~fJ)U flallll~G1fl11l (HC)
~ltf~~b1lfJ~ (Shang) ltJ~1u~~fJ~n1l1t1~lllru 1523-1027
~ltfJ~~iJ (Chou Western amp Eastern) 1027-771
alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
alYfJtJltJ~m~ifna~fl~llJ (Periods of the Warring States) 481-221
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almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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bnl9lillnlJ01~1[J1 il1n-~tlm~ni ~u OJn eJIIll ultlh tlOJ~ eJlVi[J
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tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
i1 l ltlliln 101 UlJili1hi bri lUribl1ll OJtl n uti lampiffllt11911 tI OJ~ ~f1t11i1
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Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
lh ~tl1if~UrhtfUti1itJltlU lh~tl1if~U1 iii fl tJ ~ ~au n1 ~itn a~ il ~ l~ fl~ ti fltJil~ ~ ~tilaltJ~~lilnl11~jatJ ~tJfl~tllUihU 1my tittJl1ll11tJ~U
a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
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5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
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bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
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b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
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bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
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ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
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lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
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iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
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tI~lJlill~li~IitJUll1~r1IltJn Makimono ii ~il~1iI1l1~ l~~~m~il
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(Massive brackets) ~ltiUtJltJRl BUiiUiJeJnlJlilln~~~Iil~li
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nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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ilJJflilull (Modern Time) bull 1334-1573 AD11l1Jj1rf1J1f Ashikaga
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Densu 1 352-1431 AD) ii ~b tifllJ111W1Ulll~fl~ampilil~fltillii~ 50
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(1483 AD) LUlJII (I ~m~L ~ tJlJ1l1Wjj i111lJ oj en I111lJni 1
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(1420-1506 AD) LUlJII(I~m~L~tJlJ1l1WlflJUl1~jj ~mi1tJ~ III _ l 0
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1573-1603 AD fUitJ Tuyutomi
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Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
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I lllUnG11l1fljUI LLlJi1t1j ampi~lf1jj~ tf 11~ ~)j1l1~li1
fl1~ illVllt1nijlldbu Lill~ LLlii~ lUt1j ~ampi~ 1f1jj~ ltlU1myu~ iJn1j
ltI oj l~~ j ~~ l11ij tI ~j~ l11i j tI~~ltI ~II1~u UUiJ th~ lln~ j ~~ l1 fiq q bull ~t1 ltIiiUlt1~ ultl ltl1iUtl1ltlJ iJ~ fJUL~U uUU~j ~Vj l1fi~ tI I iJ~~ )j1~
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1 LL1J1J~Itlt1JtlW MnmnflQtl11 LIIiii-Zedi tTWji)Jlilinln1JIfl~iilLitJ (Indian proshy
ype)
2 ~It1J1L11nfl~ (Shwedagon) ~Lilfl~th~~~ (Rangoon) j~LtIlLL1J1J~1mur~ iiLLtJi
o11JIJilJ11qj u~llill~fi1J~LatilJ Ugtill~1 (Shrin) 1nIJ1utu rtl1Jfl~ rl ~i1~flU1~tl1n1UlnLLfl LLft~ 1~L~Iii~ilVlfifl ~fltl~fl~i LlJ LLfl ~~1 lil~ Lnmiddoti1~Qmtil-hWItutllln~nu1rf (T or Cubical throne)
3 4 ~o1t1un=~~~1bull-7~til-J1jjn=L~lLi1uonu~tiluufi1I1Jl~1
1
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U ~ ~~1 ~ 1lJ IJ ~ ~~~ 1 n ~ ~~-ijl11lt1nijlJ ~1 U ~ lu~f~llJldluri
1l1yj-ijl~rn~nu~~OlUlJYl111~iiOl~dl1tJrilJ 81 b~lJ 1l1yj)111oln
ijlJltll~illJ~ ~1tJ~ l~bbltl ~iibb UUI1lt11tJ tJOl~BlJb~tJUlJ l11111b~l~~h
11 ~il ~ tilJ1~tJ ~h~ BlJb~tJ ~~~ ~lJ~ 1lJOl ~jllJyj ti1
nlliillljmjiIl nlJii~~m~~tJOl~yj~jh~t1~blliiOlOl~llJb JlJ
tJOl~il~~lJllJ~~II11~yjYli~~1~~It~ 16 UltI~ 1 7 bb~~l11b1lJii~ rnltU~iIltIIJ ~tJ Ol~l tJn ltI 1~ (Mediaeval) bbltl ~lt1 nltu~~l~ UUU
IJ ~~b yj tU (Conventional) 11 iltJl1 i1 ~ri UnlJii ~~m ~~tJOl~ blJ lJl ltI
bbltl~b U~fl OlltI ~ 1lJii ~~ m~~ tl il ~~lJ tJ Ol~yj ~jhiir mju~b tilJb~tJ1rilJ
riu tJOl~1YtJ mh1ii Ol bJlJbbUullu~Ol illnIJ~~byjtUbbltl ~llbeJ1i1lt1IJ ~
u UU IJ~ ~byj tU~l~~bb IJltI ~ 1I1b iflriU nltU~iIltIIJ~tlil ~ ~lJ1~tJIi11IJ
nllttUl (Cambodia) ~lJ lin tJ Ol~u n IJ ~ ~1~~1~1~lJ nlti1111 tIlJ til ~1 m lu~
Ol liltJ Ol~llJ Ol lul btJ ~~OllJ ldltJ Ol~ IJ~ ~b Y~rilJj tllUltI ~111 illJ-1tIIi1
(Cochin-China) tlill~lJiiiiOltIlJtll~xiUlJ(Funan)
J1tlfleJIlLlJiIlj yjnllf1ll1jntii 9-14 (Pre-Khmer period) I I I
dl~U~YjYll~m~~1jIi 6 bJlJdllJlJl tll1BlJb~tJ ldl~l~~iilJJllJ
Ol~tlJIJ~~bY~~1~1 m~BlJb~tJ Inltl (Further India) IJ~~m~ri~jtll
bJlJ IJ ~ ~b m111ii~ii ~ l 11 BlJ b~tJ ldlbif1~ 1 IJ n 11 ~ Ol~UltI ~1I1B Y 6yj
lV1llJ ll~ ~~ tJOl~ BlJb~tJ uri tll1bii Ol~ ill mJ liltJ mlJYl~(lltl~tJ
m ~~ tJ Ol~lltJ riOllJb tJ~ ~ ~t1~b lliiOl eJ~~l~ b~lb 1lJldl11ii lt1n1jU~ tJ Ol~BlJ b~tJ l~tJ blyj 1 ~ ii Ol illn Y ~ ~ ~ IJlJ poundIn tJ Ol ~ IJ ~ 1~ 11 (Lingashy
prang) illnlJllultI~IIU1~1~1uti (Indian cell amp Chaitya-window)
~ 111 lJ ~ampilJ lmlJ 11111 anVlllUIIlJ~ ~ii1 ~ltI ~~ ~iru 11 ltlltJJlJlhUII tJ il~lll1~ ~111 IIlllJtJii lJ 11111ammhii~lJ 1lJ1ii1tJ 111lJ janjj tli~ l ~11l lt1 ~jj anru~~l11 lJ ~ampilJ InlJ tJ il~ tJlJ
il poundi 1~ 11Il~~ ~ ~vfl1n UUij lJ ~ dl1liiJmA11l1n ~11 ~m tlllJ1~
tllJ~ til ultI ~bb UII illl--h th~ tllJ~ tllllll~~ ~~ llnlJ tJ il~~11 ~11 U q OJ
1~ tJmiltJ uUUilpoundi1~ IIIn~~~llnlJ lllJtJII lJ ~ ~tJ il~ ~IIb~ ml11bil~ 111~ml~Vjlln~~1~ 12 ultI~ 13 lliibn~ll~IllJ~I1il~
~1nvhIIultl~~1mllllltl~ (Chenla) ~mjm~1l1ml1ijiltJil~tllJ~tll ~illJl111Vjlln~m~ 14 tIII 2 tilampiiJtIiilJtlllbtllbUIIiillb~tJ1 tllllii~rll lJ ~lampi~lll~i tJ il~tllJXi til ii~b~lJIiill~111 I1lJ11ii~n
111lJ buIItJnu~11 tJil~illrul lijmbtJlJUUilb~IIb UIIbiln111
U~lilltJnlJ tJil~tllampil Ulru~~I1lt11tJ mll-jl~lllll ll~~111 ~~1t11~ UillJ111tJ bbltl~1~tJb~1~iiilil11rll lll1~1ii1tJm11~t) mh~lJ InlJ1tJ bUIIb11~ 11unlJ ~1ampiAlll~iltllnhlltlllt1IIilm~ mru1lijni tJ il~ btJlJ b~illJ 1mlJ ltI~rllbUIIb~ l~mlll1~ ~~ ~ ~b iJII
il~ llrutlllilpoundi1~lJ 1nlJ1tJUIIbil~
btJlJjj ~mlltJ~lJ In1IImbfluJ1111tl1IImb~ l~lJ~n bjil~ IllnjjmtIltIlJ~mll~amplbtJlJii~lJ~ntll11IiiMultl~ 3 I~~
ffl llll1 (Religion)
tll1btJlJUUiiil~~ii1~ bbltl~~ ~itl btillbamplmtllltlU all5
lJI11tJl11m~Vjlln~1llllliJltJI1ii~iJltJl~I1lil~~ 2 iJltJ iillbUII
11 an bbli~111lJb ~illiIIm~l~ 11l n~~tJ11iilun lb~l~ilb UIIii1 ~ bbltl ~~~itliJ1~llJ lbn~ 11~il ljjflbiJIImd~5a~1 brimll~1l ll1 ~ ~ bba1 ~~ lJ tJ il ~ n ~~ il fI Il ~1Iiilu 111Utllbti IIbll1lJ
Iii~rIIb il~i111 tJ il ~ btJlJ ii ~ il 11llJ ~ampil111 lJ~ 1~ tJ il~ ~ 1llll1
~1~111ii
eil111ilnl~miliH (Political Power)
1 UUU~~-1~1lWU1l1fl-3Ll~11 CiI U~~-3L~ L~ln-3pJLlfln6U-3 l1~lIfl-31l1UUfn1leurolR~1 2 UU flLlllfl-3lfil rltIl l ijl~)j n1n~~ Lii ~ UUU LLUflUlIfl-3 L~)JtlLli~ lJll
3 pJ~~U (Gallery) i1H Youl UU -Corbelling )1i11m i1gti1IJ Ujl-3)j f1J1)J ntlN-11 riLntl-3Rl-3R1~ UJ IlLIntri1~1 n1f1-31VlujjllLl1~ntj1-3~1 mlLl
1uun11L~ Corbelling Vaults )jfl111~n7~li11~ i-3tiUlIfl-3Ll14t-1Jifl-3L-na-3fil1W
4 5 LLUULR1LVl~tI)JlIfI-3LlI)JI ufI-flJLlflLiiU1If1-3flJ~fl1U~1~n~LR1
Ltlll ~jj ii1U11 tJn ~ ~ fl ~ rlll ~ tf11J01n1~ n 011 ~ tl fl~ tJ ~L fI illfI tI
~~ Ii fl ltI i 1~ elULUU fl4 ltI~ ruJ1UlUll 1nll1 tIlliiYl 11111liL1IUii~ ii1U1 I
LL01fl1 ~ tlli~ ~ll tl fl~Ltlll ~ 1Urlflllilil ~ ~Ilfi 18 tJ~LfI illfI tIllii bull G bull
Lflm1tf lJo1 I1nI1Ufl1 U1Jm Ltlll ~n(lllLilflll o1~ tJ~L flillflm~ll
~ill IJ~~ ~U lliitl nnfl~YirlhllMll~ tf11101lt1~-l~ IULtlll~ (ifl~ti1t1 Ujfl~l101l~ I1nU~ ~ llll1tJt1~rlUllL tJlJ
)11
rlil134 5middot1393 LUUltlltllltltll~rl~Lij1tim~llUfi 2 1l1t1l1ol~mlii jlJ n1~tJ01itJlti fltl1liLUUBltIltI~ il1nrlln tf 11fi~lJ tlU~tlll~ i~L~Ufl1~il1ntll1ll1~rlll~tf1 1(iltli1~
1111~ lJU Ltl1f)L01 11 tJ ~ ~Il~lUill di~ il 111 ltllltIQ
rlll~ tl1jjU~~ llllLlUijUtln O1l~
1240-1432 LUUltlltllltltlfl~rl~Lij1BJml~lJUfi 1 jjLjjl~ Roluos LUULjj fl~ l101l~ ltIi1~i111~fiLlJ fl~rl ~1~ LL01Ujfl~lJ1nfl~ (Pra Ko Bakong)
1432-1443 LJUitlltllJtltlfl~rl~~ij1t11lt11~lJUfi 1 m~LJJ~ lllY11~n1~tlO1tJ~YI1U ltli1~Ulfl~rlUlllJ1Ln~ (Phnom
Bakheng)
1471-1484 ~UUitlltllltltlfl~rl~Li1titll~llJfi 4 ltli1~Ljjfl~ l101l~lmjiiflUjfl~1t~~tJ~fi Kha Ker
1487-1511 LUUltfltllJtJtlfl~rl~Lij1~1~tfUfI~1~llJ ltli1~LLjj
lJflUilJflfln (East Meban) IJtJ~jrl (Pre Rup)
L~01UUfl1t1~1t1 (Banteai Srei)
1511-1544 LJUitlltllltltlfl~W~Lij1titll~lJfi 5 ltli1~i111~ YlLUn1il (Phineakas)
1545-1593 LlUitlltllltI tl fl~W~ ~ij1lt1~rn~lJJfi 1 ~lJtlJ1 fltI ltli1~i111~i1LUh (Ta Keo) lminlJU~~llll
ilJ1h~ (Portal) 54middoth~tiUlihJLIIL~mi1LlJ1
2 ri1lflLiltJ~lIpound1~Lft1Litw
3 a1a1tJlIpoundILlI1-J1trQ~lJl1 uiJd1l1illn LLPi~~Cl1UfJnT1)11 llrr LLlJiriiil~li1-J-)
ftmulUn=1~ ~~tulhttJ
204
VilULLltl~LL~UflUil~lUiln (Baphuon and West
Mebon)
1656-1693 LtJUlfltll1poundJ tJfl~Vii~L~lltl~mil1U~ 2 ltlll~Ujjililbull LU~LuiLLltl LLltl~UUYI1poundJltl1IJLL i (Angkor Wat Beng
Mealea and Bantei Samre)
1720- UjjitiIJ~nhIJmilpoundJVilmmJ
1724-1761 LtJU lfltl11poundJ tJ fl~Vi i ~L~lll poundJlil1U ~ 7 ltlll~hl1i VjYItiA1ltlU1~U1poundJU (Bayon) lUU~mlllVl1iLri1 ltll1~lVl1iil1ViiIJLLltl~Vii~t1U (Taprohm amp Pra
Khan)
1823- 1Y1 poundJ poundJnnfl~I1Vi Lii11ni1ULtJIJiLtJUjj~LL in
amul1lpoundJnIJ ltlmUl1IpoundJniiIJ tJfl~LtJIJiiijjl1IJL tJUunLLIiU
LtJUfl4ltlirU lVl1itJfl~LtJIJiiiLfln1l1Viii~1ULLtJ ltlULLltl~~tJm~ LLlJi1
I dliflu LLU Umh~lJ111ntJfl~BUL~poundJ LL~ltlmtJUntJfl~L tJIJi~llifltlll~
~lUltlmUilpoundJniiIJ tJfl~l1IU t1UlJ1LtJULLU UtJfl~L tJIJi Vli~jj 1 tJfl~L tJIJi
LLltll1l~ 1l1LlUii~ BYIfiViltl tJfl~~U UiLltllriLVI~ poundJIJ ~ll)lltl-i ~jjl11LlL tJU
LLUUtJfl~LtJIJiLfl~ (Original) iifl~tJjj1t1 lt51UinjjtlJ~ LnU LltllLLUU
(Caryatids) tJfl~Vinn~mLltl~bl1U i11UUlil~tJU1jj (Balustrades
with nagas) ~tJU1~eltJltli~ltl1poundJ~1IJ ~tJU1jjilnLLi~VlU1~1 LLltl~ lltJ i~tJ fl~BUL~poundJ-i~L tJIJillifU1Lfl1IJ 11tiIiiIilLLtJltl ~L tJU tJi1~i1 ltll1~t1U il1IJ~IJlVl1i Lrlfl1l1fl~i1tJi~nflU tJ fl~ ltlmUIilpoundJniiIJjjjj11IJLtJUun
LLIiUUltl ~jjl1IJ bjlhlf1miifllil1 JULtJUnUell l~poundJ ~tJ fl~LtJIJi
llilpoundJ~11tJm11 Li1fJ11nlti111lifi1 LtJIJiltl11~lVl1itfU 2 LLUU
iifl ltl11~tJi1~i1 (Tower) LLUUVlii~ -i~I~jjIJtJVI~fll~jjIJtJ~l~ ~n LLU U Vlii~rUjj ltl1Uhi1l LLltl ~ltl1U tJ i ~n flU ii fl jj1ii1lVl1iJ~ fl ~ nltll~ ~flIJ i flU ~1 poundJtJ i 1~f( fl ~ il i~~IJ ii~ 1ii1lVl1 iLLltl ~tJ i1~ i1~lJii~~fl~ UU r ~ bull lIpoundJnViULuU IfUl lV11ifl~jjnltl1~Vii~LlJi (Mount Meru) flULuU
205
~Ih~I1u llB~LHhLI1rltJill~~HltlltJ UlJOlll riLH~mJil~aHlntJii~ YiA~~ri hlllJltmiiL~nl HlJltJii~il1~ill1111a1jjii
111 jB~U lJjl~ii B~i11 HqjH~Brlj~lLlJjil ~tJm 111 tflll l11
HlJ ltJii~j ~U U ll B~~ni1lltl
m~ 11111 LL~ au 11~ tJ 111 ~ aln ltl LLoil hiii~ ~ riB al1 ~ llllL 111 B4ajru1ill ll B~ tf 11il dllBBniii111lJ a1tJ nlJUltl ~a~l ~hL~ tJ Llil
nUIIi1jlilLOltJ
ImHII~h ~tl hulqjlJEl~U fl-1Gl ii ~~l9iElllJil io f ~
1 i1ltlBlJjBU lJLIIBI1 1500 x 1300 LlJilj
2 ~1~tl11 (Causeway) iijl1Uulil~lJUli1 iI~ii~Iijj~B~ ilj~liil1111l~Lih (Entrance)
v t x 3 tflU (Terraces) ltl(lHltlunll 3 tfll tfllUjnlJLIIBI1 215 x
187 LlJilj iii111lJa~j1lJnll~~i11 6 5 LlJilj Lvimui~ltll11~I1AUtJ ~ ~ t l11t11 tfl11tflll1 2 il~a~n11tfllLLjn Ultl~tflll1 3 na~n11tflll1 2
i bull bull
tfl1111~ 3 ~IIUoiBlJjBUii1tJiH1ji1il (Galleries) iHlji1il~IIli 2
LLltl~tTII~ 3 iilJjl~iilJj~Uiljol11Btiilj~lJlJ (Comer towers) ilj~ ~
n ltl1~ f111 tTII ~ 3 iilJjl~ii B~iilJj ~(jl11L IuLBn (B1il lJj ~Uijjl11
LI11~lJH~~iil1ii~ii) ~ ~ bull v ~ 4 lHlji1 illlB~ tfl11 tfllUjn lJf11rlillHltlnllllilmLil~lJj~tJ~
d shytI11l~ 600 LlJilj ~~ 2 LlJilj LtJIILjB~jllJLntJjilLLOl~lJHlf11jil~
Ultl~ih~qji~ BiJtJlm~tJ1nUrlj ~iljollf (111jltJtU) Ln~tJjalll1j (Vishnu with the Churning of the Sea of Milk) f11rlilHoin~IIi LLail~hhlllii~IIjna1jjiiuiBilltJ1lJUoil (The day of Judgment)
tJ 11 100 LlJilj il ~L lll ~in ~Y11i11llJ ~ii i111lJ allBti1IIa1jjii ~111 ~in ~Y11i111lJ l11fhoi~ fiJ nlJ (lil lilni ~tf 1n1lJ ~11 jn
mrlilH~n~IIfln~111Hii~tI11lJj~lJlru 100 LlJilj uail~ii~ nljjU Y11iilna~i1jllJl11L~B~jllJL1itJjiilUltl~l11L~B~lJHlmjil~
LlJ~tJ ULlitJ Uf11rlilH~n~IIj~Hh~llB~ujlJlll11(jnullB~
lJWlilUltll tI fl~lJ~ ~lilb tJlJiilau ~lilnulii~lJlnn-h (Decoratives)
bLIiifjj tlililiiillllualil~ flfl n chfJI1 fllilll1LlIlJIlI1ll1LLa ~~11lJ LtJlJ
iillQ~fJ ~ tI fl~ tlllbtllJ i flth ~ bLIiIl~~
5 allilalfJ l111olnilmLIii~iilJjjfl~~11uflth~lJlnlJlfJ1ilJbtJlJ
~L ii1hl1bvi fl~11lJ~ ~l1lJ lfJ 1ilfJLl1lJ 1 ~alJ bvi fl Il ~lilnLLIii~lilatl1 UlilfJm~lJ11111~ ~ ~fl ol~ n1~ il1tiLvi flll ~u ~~mlilu~~tTlJrllJ rlU lil
m~li
eJIlQ ~fJ ~atl1uijn ~blJ ~illillJ~ illiliilfliiim (Divikara)bull
1hohnmi31 1i~11imhlultl111 nlJUi~~lJlm~lJtlfl~
al1fJfifllJbtllJ ~ (Pre-Khmer) JlJUi~aU ~11lJ alJjl11leJl11lJiilau ~ btJlJmh~ll1tYl1al~ llJal1fJbtllJ~ (Khmer period) JlJiilaUlJbtllJ~ lliu i ~l eJ a ~ 1lJtI fl~ 1illJti~ iflJ~ alaii~ ua ~tT~~ ~mnltlnjjUI~Ylblljj
tI fl ~ Ui ~~lJ lmilJ1UilU1Hlli U i~~lJ lmilJ tlfl ~ btlmJlJ t)bb ~ ~ nll~~I1~lill1i~~UlJfln LLa~~11lJ~~n~Ualil~flfln ~i~~I1fi~U tI fl ~ btllJ i 1 jj ltlnl+UI~Ii~millii(lbm1ilJrllJ 1i ~a~Ii fllJ111LlIlJ ti~ m~lJcU~11lJ ~~ntl fl~tlllb tllJiflth~u lill~~
l1ol~llln~I1filllilli~jj~ 18 lUbLltIl iilau ~tlfl~btllJib~lJbafllJ IiifllJ lii1au ~ tI fl ~1111]1Iill1BI1il~ ltlbbriiilau ~tlfl ~b tllJ ~ ~i ~~I1ll ~u
tI fl~ btllJ ~flIiBI1fi~a~i~~ I1fi~U bbUu11tIlfl] Ji~ bblli~I1llllil1~il+ ~ 20 btJ lJ1ilJlu tlllLtllJiUUi fllllalJ1illfJ HlJ1J1lJ
lJl]iila iJ mirlfllJ11 LLa ~iilau~ui~fjntil ~mlltJ1t1fl~b tllJi
IllUIl lJU IllJlJiitT~~ ~ all]nlJ1Jjbb~1UilUI
1lllth (Champa) mifJ II ~ilJ tI fl~U ~~b I1l1(flJ U1 (eJlJUlJl1lfltyllJ1lJU llliilJ)
JlJjjlJ1btJlJWlJtJ llilllJll~ilJ tI fl~ ~lJHibth~ ~fl U~ i fl ~Ui ~bI11l(flJUl
Ji~ ulliri fllJ~ ~atil~ml tl bLa ~l1ol ~ ~ ~atillllilliijj~ 1 4 (~I1fillilliijj ~ 19) 1lJ~~1111~~I1filllill~ijj~ 7 i~ ~I1llll(ilii~~ 18 tlll
i1lJ lJ11lii1u flYIil~nl1 ~li1llJ lijjlJil1nfllJ~~fJ 1lJlllJfJ1Jj1WWln
il1lJiiii1lJ1ilYI1~YIH1jlJ1n illJm~ti~1lJ~YIlii1i11jjlj~ 15 ~ln iilJ lI1fJ Tonkinese llii~ ih fj ~fljltl ~ltl1W1~ tJ~ tJltl~~lnil1lJl1~HlJ ~
Uu bl~h1lJlJ 1~ln il1lJr1~ItJ1ampil LJ
~i ltl~ il1n~ln il1lJ1mtJ1l1riltlll11~iH1j ~~~lniilJllii~11l1fJ i H1j~afJH1 fJ lImiJ ~fJ mjlJ tJ ltl ~ il1lJ ~ ti~ iN ~ Hii ltl ltl tiillJ YInllJl ii ~ iiUltlfJ
V
1 H1jtJltl ~ il1lJlJlJlJ IInljw~1l1~ ltl fJ 1 ~ il1l1fJn U1H1j tJ ltl ~ tJ ~11
mi11iiiltliiYJj~~ulJ~nJ1i1Ii (Cubical Cell) ~~iiLJj~lil~ih 1 LJj~lil blll~ii~LJii1HltlnYlJ 3 lii1lJ Hltl~iniH1j~LJm1fJ~bH~fJlJ (Pyramishy
dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
~llLJ~tJltl~~im Mison ~~ll~ Don-Duong bl~~YIfjil~ljIj
~ 12 blll~ 15 ~UlJjllLJ~JlJ~~ (Classic) hlJjllLJ~tJltl~~iltl~ Binh-Dinh ~ ~ltl~llJ~Hh~ ~ll 1643-204 3 JlJ~UlJjllLJ~llfl ~~ltllJ
~ln il1lJUUiim11l1lJ1nlJlil~UlJhlJ1mlj ~YI1lll1l1lJ1r1ii ~
UUiim Hi ltllJ tllJ lii~ LJ1nlhiiiH1jiJ1fJ~ YIllil1l1lJ1ltl ~ ti Donshy
Doung
thLflAlflu tJlJ tJ 111YIfJlliiltl~ fJ~ il1niill~~1lJ~m~ fJ ~ lliitJltl~ LJ ~~ YIlliilJ
~ tT1lJ 1aLJj~~YIil1YIfJ~~ LL~lIl1fJ 1Uj1Wmll 1lJ~YIIlllmjjlj~ 11 tJ111YIfJlliill11~ ltl1W1i1mti1lJ~i1t1lJ1lJtilJlJ1lJ (Yunnan) ltl1W1
i1nliiil11lJhi1IYI1 ~ LJ jdampill1l1~ilJ 1n blll ~llii~n~11l1fJl~fJ nUl1l1hlJ (Kublai Khan) 1lJ~YI1lll~1jljti 18 tJ111Y1fJii1liiltl~ ltl~ fJ~il1nblflllJti 1lJ~i1 ~ tT1lJ1tl~ LJ~LYIll~ ~jj 1blll ~LJ~LYIll1YIt
~UlJii1lJ1lJlJ1n
~~LL~Vll1li~lIll~~IYf 11-13 rULtJUtJWj~L~fl~i1fl~fllrul
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tJni1 ~fl~fllrul UlLlru1l ~ LtJU tJ~ ~L I1Al11 tJiJ II ~ uUil iJLijfl~hiqf1 lifl Ui1~tJ~~ ~I1fl~ llVl(~ (ll~H) ltl1iU 1ll1 ~lltJ~i1fl~R~tJ
1111 ~ l1ampi llii1iill1fiVlll LLri ~ll tJ ~111~ LIIUfl iI fl ~IlltJ IihtJ
1UVjl1 li~ 1Il1~IYf 13 ~ lt11~~~ljl1mLli~ tI ~11 iJiilU1II
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~lj 11tJ IIIn III flUtii iJ fl ~ tJ ~ ~L 11 ~1 11 tJhiu~l tJ ii ~ IIlflULIIU fl ii~ LiJ fl ~
Lt1tJ~LLRU Vlln~ll~mrUilflVjl1li~lRUlehtJ~II1tJ1U
1I1nVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 16-18 LiJ~~iJiilUll1tJni1~fl~nli1 IIldU flflm5tJ~LIIUfl nli1nlll~ Ull ~lll~ltilU i1flmli1LIIUflilfl~
tJ ~ ~L I1~1 I1tJ tll1Li1~~rU iI flT~ ~lRUl11UIIlLLll ~Vl I1li ~lRU liJ1 tJ ~IIltJlU
tll11I1tJltiilJ R~ IJR1Ufl ~ rlUtlU tllUi~ flqf ~ ll1~ LLll ~L i1~ ~
fl ~ LtJ U ~lIll ~~ IY Iii~r U1lilJU li ~~~ U~ ~~ll tJ ~ Ii ~ i1 lmmlrlU ~ LVl ~ 1 ~h1lilJ U li~ ~~ iJ fl~ tl Uti1 Ui LII huiJ ii~ 1 1I1nBULampi tJ 1ii~rU
1lilJU li~ ~~ iI fl~Ill tJ Ii ~ 11U fl ~ tlU n1 ~URIIl~flflnl11~Vjl1fitlqfqfl iI fl~ BU Lampi tJ lib tJ LL~Lj fl ~ IIIn tIUtilUi1l ~ ~l~tlUL tJUtJmL~U 11U1mUVjl1li
~1Il1~~IY~ 18 ru llliojU1lilJUli~~~~1111niulihtJ1l~LtJUR~n1~BU hiqf1U~ ~IIil~ tllUi~1~1 1ULflLil tJ flli1Lruil fL~~lliuml~LIIlqf ~ J ~~L~fl~i1U
LLi11U~1~1 iJfl~1I1tJ1l~~~lliUL tJUBR~~luR~tJ1mlrurU~~ fl~I11~mmllUfl iJLiJfl~Lt1tJ~URU LiJfl~~h~ LiJfl~Vl~LtJl LiJfl~IIlll~
Vl~~U1~ ~~U~tJ~~~lruVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 15
Amlt1hhtityIJfl~Itu iJlli~~flltJil Vltlillmllf 1781 rifl~~fllrul~mRliJlltJ
1818-1860 ojtllf~tJilfl~yjflJU~l~fhLll~~i1tfl~
iI fl Hjl iIlltJ 1U ~ ~tJ ~L1ll1 LiiitJltlU tlU ojtllf~ tJ
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1 Lffl1ULllft1 (Club-house) tItl~tUJ11JJiIJtUt1JJ1f111
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1893 Wj~bjljllJ1Bu~ah~n1~~f1f1limbJlJUjfl~
IIltt1~1IIjj1JfI~lI1fJ
1910 n1~ll1JI1fJ~lJnun1~~f1f1ll~1 231 0 n1~~f1f1llmbamlfiW~jjl ill~1II11fJ
2 318 Wj~bjl111nitlJj1lJl11mJlJtJnbb~lJ ah~Ujfl~
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2325 bjlWj~mjnl bJlJn~1Illl~lJjl1f1~fjnl
al1~n1~l1IlJlnitlJI1i ~
2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
(King Mongkut) b~lJliilbijlJWj~jl1falJ-WlJllllJ1Il nUlJIIllillJlllh~Ib~bl1~
2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
f1~111 (King Chulalongkorn) Ulf11jtJlijjlJ
1IdlJ1InbiillJl-WIilJlJl1b~b I1~1 11pound1
iialla3TtlfifllJl11tJ (Pre Thai Periods)
~GiI1mrtJm111Wi (Davaravari Art)
illtt IJ ~mr poundI 1111 jl1~al1~ ~lJ bvi f1~lalJ lVjl1llH1 fJ lJ 111 fJ 1lJ
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1 pji~1Uf1-1 (Side elevation) ~EI-11~1lLlIlJ t111-1fffl1lJtJtlll~fl~1 2 LLUUtJ1111111tl-1lUI LLflll-1 ~uil~inMtU~ LfIlML1hultJlriunuu 71-31fII e-1 LtIll LLlfi
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LliiOfltlUWJ1ln-J1
fitftl1mJllmirTII (Srivijaya Art) bri m~ l1j1l1ii~WJ 1lJ lJ WU fi elUIn lt1pound 111 tJ ltl~ tlj W1lJ InljlJ
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of Chiengsen) amill1l~nljlJm~1l1~bHUmJltl~1f1~lih~U1jj ltlUrlU lWiual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruiiI01 tlJ ltl~i101 tlJ I~~ojiT~ b~ltl~Bf1GVi 01 Jltl~iiI01tltllallmlojiT~d ltlllbuultll(if 2 mlbt~ ~ltl mlbt~ HO ~ r ~ Iiii 01 tl iilojiT~1Wijj Bf1G Vi 01 Ol tilUiii01 tl all~ a1Jl1~ (if~ IiU Ii ~lj I ~1 Uiii01 tl m~1l1~ bHU I Wi tJ1l1 ~ H lt1~ bri ltlVi jbij1jllJ III bbm lj iilU1ltlnilj ltl~1l1~ l(ifI1lO1 ltll1lbbH01lJlJ 01lfJ
~ftl1ffillJlf)JJ (Khmer Art)
bri rnriu iii01 tl tJltl~ btJlJjliu 1f1~ lii~u bltl1UUUltltil~f11~iilU amill1l~nljlJbb01 01I1I01l~l1InU~~lJl1 llH01l~ ltltil~ bb~l~lii~ Ubltll ~lU tlj W1lJlnljlJ tljlJma-jl~~tl b~ljVi (Statuary) b01 ~
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itftl1ifmllffU llft~ftl1rI1m1fimi1a
ami GI OnUI amill1l~nljlJtJltl~1f1~1ujlru~ill1l iitT~ bHii ltlltl~l I1bluM ltlVijblM ~ ~ual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruv1biilbtf)Ol~ iiI01tl BUb~~ Vi ~1 bb01 ~~l T~ 1uallm il~~bbauliu 11 ll jj~~ riltla-jl~ 1Ujlru~ill1lbHiiltlltl~Ul~ u~iluiltl~llJWlU jObUUtl1 H1n ljOlj l11l~Ubjjltl~b il~~ bbau1UOlti 1~ l~~ ~~ rfi~l h~ 1I1bjl1iiHlt1n
4
1 tlJ~ltVitif1~ ti~lU~1~1 jji~1~1~L~~Ufl1 2 LiititlJ~ ltVilUUflUfl1nlJ1f1 i ~1U~O U~ untilJ~o~i~ fl1 ~ffiili ~ o1i~1 i1lt~aTlItliLDt1~fl~tl1 (A) LLuuio1i~fiI1tl1ijtJtlJlLULLpj~tur1UffiUYH ~~ 111 3 WlfI- 4
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all U~~n~~~~ 1~1l1i1 bwQ ~ ~ ~~1~ ~ hu111qjll mHII~
~~~W~jjl al~bb~Il~~5Wa~au~~u~~~d~ ~au~~~~bll~~hXiU
lu blul~1111~au~ml~ldiii ~jlt1~ bba~b~~~ wa~~~~d~nu bii~~illntJl~l1n~lum~u~~l~~la~ bbu u~til~~aU~l1al~ bbuului~~lntiil~mildl~~til~bbjjU~Ul1 nuamu~~m~~lu btlutJ~~ail~lumj~1~
lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
l~Wu5nubbuuW~~Yj~fi~u~~~all~iju~~ ~~ll~~d~m~mu~du r~ii~a~15bWtl~ W~~bil~~fi~uth~na~ lldl~u~~~m~nUl1~~ 111qj W~~Yj~fi~Ubb uuiillW~~bfl~~lalb t1u~u~~nUdl1~ bba ~tll~ l~ 111llIH~~ a~illnW~~~~ a~bbfi ~ldW~~l~ ~ W~ ~Yj~fi~ua 1~~~~
~~~all~bb ~nad~~l~bba~ill~~ li1~ln
illn~~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 18-20 W~~Yj~fi~Um~1l1i1 bl11l ~1~u~~5Wa illn~au~al~tf~ 1il~iI~b lul~illnn1~r~ii~bull a~15~lU dl~u~~~flb~n W~~bil~~llbuadi~ll bba~tll~l~llll11
~~~a~~l~~W~~uln illnm~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 20 ~au~ n1~ail~W~~~fi~um~1l1ml1i1~rb~~bll~~a~
itIJ lhQrJ fJ~
1uall~1U~1(IJ ~~fJ~b t1ubll~~l1ii~ ~~~ ~1(IJ1~mml~ld~ 1il~lu~au~~~~~i~btlu~all~~~~ml~ld~ lui1~~l1~~~~Yj~fi ~m~~1Yti 16 l11~~U~~d~~1Yti 17 j1all~~~~~b~~1~~~5Wa b~~~ lI~~0~ln~~~iH~~~ulln1Y(IJ~btJ~~ bW~l~b11~11nU lI~~0~lm~~tJ~~ml~ld~bba~~~~b~~~l1u llildl~l~WU5nU~til~
~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
1 pJruautJa1J~1JLu~0N7~~IJ~t11 2 pJruautJa1J~1JLU~n~lt1oJ1JLn~1J f U~~tx1JiNIt~1UIllfl~1W~1n UUU~U~O~1 L~~tOttJfl~1~il~m~nULU~~1J1~tli ~jjL~1~e~mJO~1~1 yi11~tft nill~lt1M1tl~nln ~~ poundj ~1 fttl ~1tltJ~(1t1 n~ 1 Peripteral temple
3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
lmH1~hLLUUmh~~ln ~~rUi~ij~ ~tl~111L~tl1111~B~ ~igthnJ~ ~01B~LL UUi11mi111nUB~~1tlnU JULUUn1~tl1nfiJ ~mh11~i1 LUULLUU tJB~ li1~ tlBmUU~~LLtii1 L~B~LtfUiir~Ln~~uLLrimrtl 111Ll1 m111~ B~nmr tl LtfUt~mnUnUO1n6i tf 1~riB~tiUtlB~ij 1ntlI~ VlLil~1~mQW1~lu~6itJ~tJB~~nltln6i
lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
~ln~lmvlmj~L01l~W~tiil101U1 lUUl1n~l~nU 1tJJ1mtJ~~ 111tl
-rt11tJ~~riB01-j1~m~il~01U1tJB~1 ~tl LtfU 1U01ri 1yen11~ JUijtJU1~ nil~1yenlqj ~~JUi~ O1-j1~yenIltl ~111lii1tlllu Btl1~lyen11~ tJ B~t tJ~ ~ 1li1~ Q~Ju i~ 1tJ1arLUU111~~O11l~ lutuum~ 111Ln~LL UUBtl1~01miJ~tl m ~~ 1mHlu ti B~~ 1J1ntJ~ ~LW ru tJ 111~tl-j ULB1LLUUO1miJ~tl m~~ tJB~ttJ~~~11ti~1tl LL~1liin6i1mUUhULLl1n~1~iJ1111~LL~ufi J ~L UU111 ~ ~01-j1~lUL UUtJmL~U (Constructive)
ltlU~1 mniJl1tlm ~~ tJ B~1~tllu~ ~tl ~t~~liiUrULuutJ~ ~1J1~ LBm~jiJ (Monochrome) ~B~ltriB1liiul~1iW6itJB~iu i~mntl LuUWIl~~jiJ (Polychrome) LL6i~U~~1N6ihn1~LL01I1~BBn~~LL UU
I (8
4
1 ~ntJnu~fl~1Y1UeurmfLli[Juflfl~UfllfitJ1IJltnlrl jj l1JJi~1J1~t lPl11~ li]U
iln~~u ~~U~OlJi~~11Ibullbull~OU~Lii~~mi1~~n1IJ(A) 2 1UftJJU fiflJJ1 Li1lt~fu iiYlfin~ lIfl~iil i1lllflJU11~ fifilmJ ft11J~u t~JjiimiN LUU1~ ~jj Lt1a~U~ riu~utJLuuoiu1 Oth1L n~un~1 mUlaquo1nLL~ (B)
3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
- - ~ -~ shy4 fl 01i1 fit n11JlllJilJlulJIU ~n~IY1ffi~~n1UY1NIQlIIl~l1l1l1 ~ ClJtUJUIJllt)-3 11JJ
LU uil n~~u -0 L~1~ ~r~d~mo ~~il niiuuoilnlffiJuutJ ~o
mh~ tJltl~iiltl tI~mh~ L~lJ~ lumJUltlfjfitJ11lJVfnfii1Wljjlt~ 21
Lrimdi1u fInBWltl tJ ltl~ iilJtJlJ Ljldiltl~Ylilljrulii~ iJelL iI iIl~ h ltllmj~mllj~ltll1~di1ubJ riltl111Lii~jjmj~mL~~ltl1~ltllU Lla~ jj n 1j1tillVIal ulI Q~tJlJ tIlJ tll~~ri ltlltll1~di1Ul~tlfil~tlij~L~m rllJ fllJn iI ~jj LlUU mj 1~ ila tI ~lI ilU lI~ rllJ di~ iI ~L1llJldiillmllJ
a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
LUlJdilJ fl1lJll1j~ltlh~~LUlJ lJjtJlJUUlJ ~mL~~libu a1~alU lJ jlJ
(Stucco)
LlU u ltlti 1 ~ila tI ~ tJ ltl ~f11l1L VIU ltl tJlJldiUllJ 11tl1lJltlm tJ ~u flj jlJ tJ ltl~ 1mfu di1U Ill mjllULltl1ltlmtJ~unj jlJ tJ ltl~L tJlJ jlJ1
ltll1~ LUlJtI jl~cent1 jjl~tltlj~ltl~il~ltiLtilJL~U1rlU ltlUti LLUU tIjl~il ~ltl1U~1lJ~~ltl~~1~lJVI151~ Yl~~lan ~ltllJl1lJltllJUltlfjfiUl~ltllJ tI alfJ Lla ~1lJ ltllJul~lJ 1nillJI11 I1j~tJltl~W j ~LiI~6LLa ~Wj ~t1jl~il
ltl~tI ~a~tlJ n1 lL~lJ it ~nl1 I1tJ1~lI11lJL UlJtJnLl~lJ tJ fl~Ll UUL~lJ 1tI lIiGi IIInjj II ~j ~ rllJ iJ1lJ rlU ~ 1lJltlmtJ~u fljjlJ ~ 1lJ
tIj ~~lJlnljlJtJ ltl~1 tJI1U1~jjll11lJalJ~lJfirlu tJltl~L tJlJj di~ ldimh1
Lli111 W j ~W I1fijtlm~fl1l1 LVIi) ltlJ ltl~ 1I1utJlJ jjll11lJ alJ~lJfi1lJ LLUU ltlti1 ~ rlU tJ ltl ~ ltlirUijtl~~ LL~l lJltllJU1tJ I1U tIj ~~lJl nl1I1U
- tIl - 1 1 ltlj 1 ~ LlU UW j ~Vj 11 5l tJlJlJ 1 ~1lJ lI 1 1lJlnLa ltllJ ltl lJ W j ~Vj 11 fi
il1ltllJ1 Lla ~lI11lJllImLti~L iffltll~mh~LlI1i1l~ Ljl11 ltl1 iI tl~ tllJldiLLUlJltllJh lIlJ1I1U1mlrultllJultJI1utJlJ
ldiLLU UW j ~Vj I1fil tI ill n1VIlJlJ lltlil~W j ~Vj I1fil tI LUlJLLUU 11tJ 11U
tJ ltl~~lJ illJ LL~L jlltl1 lalJUItjllJldih LtJ l1dill11lJ tJlJ~la1i1 ~~ ltll1~ LlU U llnW j ~Vjl1 5ltlm~fl1l1LVIU ltl lI~lJ~fllJ lL~ flWj ~ltl~ ~ i~mldiLtlllJ lt~afllJWj~Vjl1fiil1ltllJl1lJ1tJI1UldiulLLUUWj ~Vjl1fi ltllJlJL~Uua~i~mL tlllJldi1Uit ~ldi1I1l111lJtJlJma1i11VI~LLriilaUlJ ltl1tJI1U Wj~WI15jtlit ~illtl UlJ1I1U~~ltlll~tlJtJlJ L~lJ1tldiUlI1lJ
-illnlflui~ 1lJwl1~il1ltllJ1Lta ~lI11lJjjt1~ii~1i1 tJfl~illtltJlJ i1n~ru~
2
3
1 L6ltl1JLL1JUllUU1la~eUpoundJitllitJjjimtuWLAMtHfl~n1
2 LtUDtl~rujUtlqlltJ1tlth)tJ~111 jj49J~D~~ )J11ln LLuueU11UIiItlnrnjYIHJl1P1lwUtl
urntiULf1nu L~~r~UU qll~
31uftj~ti ~ti~1~tiUUfl1 ~ ~tI~ftj~ ~uLn~Ull f ~L~ ~ ~1~nfl1~Luua~ ntiftr~1I1 ~
l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
iiia 11~tI f1~ lt11tII1tnlUhumhtlYlflI1JJlf1rilUnUilI1imiJJ1Yltl LLa ~ if~ fl~jj f1~ ~a f1I1JJ 11U~~Uiila 11 mtllll~Iiitl lii~liULilf1lilmi1
lliii1iiiauU1tII1tllIiiLLltlI1~fIf1 0 ~ ~ f11iJJ tUfllJJ i~o tI fI ~ yj 1 ~1Yl tl
llhnUiila11LtJUltlri 1~~ ~
Lfl~iNilU6iUun ~lI1~am~iila11~tIltl~1Yltl1mlru~uu i ljjfl lJJ ~ 11~ lJJ ltl ri 1 ~ ~ ~ 11 i Lll YlllU ~ M ltlLfl ~ ltl ~ iJU~U L~ 1 tI ltl ~ ltIiifllamLa lt11tII1tllU~Yl li~I1ii~~ 19-20 ~ ~LtJU~i~oflUiii
bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
110U~H tJU ~~h lll ltl1lHjj ~n yj 1~110U~~ Iiitl al1altl ~Jl111a
u ii111~OmL~o I Lfl11 ltl uliitl ~Lti tleiltlUliU1jhwlulUvHimi
~~ LUJilmjjltllltJ1U LL~flillt1Ulil~~
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nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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~ltf~fllla~njjoGl~fJ)U flallll~G1fl11l (HC)
~ltf~~b1lfJ~ (Shang) ltJ~1u~~fJ~n1l1t1~lllru 1523-1027
~ltfJ~~iJ (Chou Western amp Eastern) 1027-771
alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
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jl1f1~jijilJ (Chin) 221-207
almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
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3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
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a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
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nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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(1483 AD) LUlJII (I ~m~L ~ tJlJ1l1Wjj i111lJ oj en I111lJni 1
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1573-1603 AD fUitJ Tuyutomi
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1603-1868 AD ~1lf1Jfif Tokugawa
jj Edo LUlJLilfl~I1~1~ (U~lUlJjfl Tokyo l11li) tI~~LI11l
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Lusuki Harunobu lh~1~~~lu~~wh~ 1725-1770 AD
Kitao Shigemasa 1739-1820 AD
Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
Toshusai Sharaku -1825 AD
Kitagawa Utamaro 1753-1805 AD
Katsushika Hokusai 1760-1849 AD
Hiroshige 1797-1858 AD
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ijlJltll~illJ~ ~1tJ~ l~bbltl ~iibb UUI1lt11tJ tJOl~BlJb~tJUlJ l11111b~l~~h
11 ~il ~ tilJ1~tJ ~h~ BlJb~tJ ~~~ ~lJ~ 1lJOl ~jllJyj ti1
nlliillljmjiIl nlJii~~m~~tJOl~yj~jh~t1~blliiOlOl~llJb JlJ
tJOl~il~~lJllJ~~II11~yjYli~~1~~It~ 16 UltI~ 1 7 bb~~l11b1lJii~ rnltU~iIltIIJ ~tJ Ol~l tJn ltI 1~ (Mediaeval) bbltl ~lt1 nltu~~l~ UUU
IJ ~~b yj tU (Conventional) 11 iltJl1 i1 ~ri UnlJii ~~m ~~tJOl~ blJ lJl ltI
bbltl~b U~fl OlltI ~ 1lJii ~~ m~~ tl il ~~lJ tJ Ol~yj ~jhiir mju~b tilJb~tJ1rilJ
riu tJOl~1YtJ mh1ii Ol bJlJbbUullu~Ol illnIJ~~byjtUbbltl ~llbeJ1i1lt1IJ ~
u UU IJ~ ~byj tU~l~~bb IJltI ~ 1I1b iflriU nltU~iIltIIJ~tlil ~ ~lJ1~tJIi11IJ
nllttUl (Cambodia) ~lJ lin tJ Ol~u n IJ ~ ~1~~1~1~lJ nlti1111 tIlJ til ~1 m lu~
Ol liltJ Ol~llJ Ol lul btJ ~~OllJ ldltJ Ol~ IJ~ ~b Y~rilJj tllUltI ~111 illJ-1tIIi1
(Cochin-China) tlill~lJiiiiOltIlJtll~xiUlJ(Funan)
J1tlfleJIlLlJiIlj yjnllf1ll1jntii 9-14 (Pre-Khmer period) I I I
dl~U~YjYll~m~~1jIi 6 bJlJdllJlJl tll1BlJb~tJ ldl~l~~iilJJllJ
Ol~tlJIJ~~bY~~1~1 m~BlJb~tJ Inltl (Further India) IJ~~m~ri~jtll
bJlJ IJ ~ ~b m111ii~ii ~ l 11 BlJ b~tJ ldlbif1~ 1 IJ n 11 ~ Ol~UltI ~1I1B Y 6yj
lV1llJ ll~ ~~ tJOl~ BlJb~tJ uri tll1bii Ol~ ill mJ liltJ mlJYl~(lltl~tJ
m ~~ tJ Ol~lltJ riOllJb tJ~ ~ ~t1~b lliiOl eJ~~l~ b~lb 1lJldl11ii lt1n1jU~ tJ Ol~BlJ b~tJ l~tJ blyj 1 ~ ii Ol illn Y ~ ~ ~ IJlJ poundIn tJ Ol ~ IJ ~ 1~ 11 (Lingashy
prang) illnlJllultI~IIU1~1~1uti (Indian cell amp Chaitya-window)
~ 111 lJ ~ampilJ lmlJ 11111 anVlllUIIlJ~ ~ii1 ~ltI ~~ ~iru 11 ltlltJJlJlhUII tJ il~lll1~ ~111 IIlllJtJii lJ 11111ammhii~lJ 1lJ1ii1tJ 111lJ janjj tli~ l ~11l lt1 ~jj anru~~l11 lJ ~ampilJ InlJ tJ il~ tJlJ
il poundi 1~ 11Il~~ ~ ~vfl1n UUij lJ ~ dl1liiJmA11l1n ~11 ~m tlllJ1~
tllJ~ til ultI ~bb UII illl--h th~ tllJ~ tllllll~~ ~~ llnlJ tJ il~~11 ~11 U q OJ
1~ tJmiltJ uUUilpoundi1~ IIIn~~~llnlJ lllJtJII lJ ~ ~tJ il~ ~IIb~ ml11bil~ 111~ml~Vjlln~~1~ 12 ultI~ 13 lliibn~ll~IllJ~I1il~
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111lJ buIItJnu~11 tJil~illrul lijmbtJlJUUilb~IIb UIIbiln111
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il~ llrutlllilpoundi1~lJ 1nlJ1tJUIIbil~
btJlJjj ~mlltJ~lJ In1IImbfluJ1111tl1IImb~ l~lJ~n bjil~ IllnjjmtIltIlJ~mll~amplbtJlJii~lJ~ntll11IiiMultl~ 3 I~~
ffl llll1 (Religion)
tll1btJlJUUiiil~~ii1~ bbltl~~ ~itl btillbamplmtllltlU all5
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11 an bbli~111lJb ~illiIIm~l~ 11l n~~tJ11iilun lb~l~ilb UIIii1 ~ bbltl ~~~itliJ1~llJ lbn~ 11~il ljjflbiJIImd~5a~1 brimll~1l ll1 ~ ~ bba1 ~~ lJ tJ il ~ n ~~ il fI Il ~1Iiilu 111Utllbti IIbll1lJ
Iii~rIIb il~i111 tJ il ~ btJlJ ii ~ il 11llJ ~ampil111 lJ~ 1~ tJ il~ ~ 1llll1
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1 UUU~~-1~1lWU1l1fl-3Ll~11 CiI U~~-3L~ L~ln-3pJLlfln6U-3 l1~lIfl-31l1UUfn1leurolR~1 2 UU flLlllfl-3lfil rltIl l ijl~)j n1n~~ Lii ~ UUU LLUflUlIfl-3 L~)JtlLli~ lJll
3 pJ~~U (Gallery) i1H Youl UU -Corbelling )1i11m i1gti1IJ Ujl-3)j f1J1)J ntlN-11 riLntl-3Rl-3R1~ UJ IlLIntri1~1 n1f1-31VlujjllLl1~ntj1-3~1 mlLl
1uun11L~ Corbelling Vaults )jfl111~n7~li11~ i-3tiUlIfl-3Ll14t-1Jifl-3L-na-3fil1W
4 5 LLUULR1LVl~tI)JlIfI-3LlI)JI ufI-flJLlflLiiU1If1-3flJ~fl1U~1~n~LR1
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LL01fl1 ~ tlli~ ~ll tl fl~Ltlll ~ 1Urlflllilil ~ ~Ilfi 18 tJ~LfI illfI tIllii bull G bull
Lflm1tf lJo1 I1nI1Ufl1 U1Jm Ltlll ~n(lllLilflll o1~ tJ~L flillflm~ll
~ill IJ~~ ~U lliitl nnfl~YirlhllMll~ tf11101lt1~-l~ IULtlll~ (ifl~ti1t1 Ujfl~l101l~ I1nU~ ~ llll1tJt1~rlUllL tJlJ
)11
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1111~ lJU Ltl1f)L01 11 tJ ~ ~Il~lUill di~ il 111 ltllltIQ
rlll~ tl1jjU~~ llllLlUijUtln O1l~
1240-1432 LUUltlltllltltlfl~rl~Lij1BJml~lJUfi 1 jjLjjl~ Roluos LUULjj fl~ l101l~ ltIi1~i111~fiLlJ fl~rl ~1~ LL01Ujfl~lJ1nfl~ (Pra Ko Bakong)
1432-1443 LJUitlltllJtltlfl~rl~~ij1t11lt11~lJUfi 1 m~LJJ~ lllY11~n1~tlO1tJ~YI1U ltli1~Ulfl~rlUlllJ1Ln~ (Phnom
Bakheng)
1471-1484 ~UUitlltllltltlfl~rl~Li1titll~llJfi 4 ltli1~Ljjfl~ l101l~lmjiiflUjfl~1t~~tJ~fi Kha Ker
1487-1511 LUUltfltllJtJtlfl~rl~Lij1~1~tfUfI~1~llJ ltli1~LLjj
lJflUilJflfln (East Meban) IJtJ~jrl (Pre Rup)
L~01UUfl1t1~1t1 (Banteai Srei)
1511-1544 LJUitlltllltltlfl~W~Lij1titll~lJfi 5 ltli1~i111~ YlLUn1il (Phineakas)
1545-1593 LlUitlltllltI tl fl~W~ ~ij1lt1~rn~lJJfi 1 ~lJtlJ1 fltI ltli1~i111~i1LUh (Ta Keo) lminlJU~~llll
ilJ1h~ (Portal) 54middoth~tiUlihJLIIL~mi1LlJ1
2 ri1lflLiltJ~lIpound1~Lft1Litw
3 a1a1tJlIpoundILlI1-J1trQ~lJl1 uiJd1l1illn LLPi~~Cl1UfJnT1)11 llrr LLlJiriiil~li1-J-)
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204
VilULLltl~LL~UflUil~lUiln (Baphuon and West
Mebon)
1656-1693 LtJUlfltll1poundJ tJfl~Vii~L~lltl~mil1U~ 2 ltlll~Ujjililbull LU~LuiLLltl LLltl~UUYI1poundJltl1IJLL i (Angkor Wat Beng
Mealea and Bantei Samre)
1720- UjjitiIJ~nhIJmilpoundJVilmmJ
1724-1761 LtJU lfltl11poundJ tJ fl~Vi i ~L~lll poundJlil1U ~ 7 ltlll~hl1i VjYItiA1ltlU1~U1poundJU (Bayon) lUU~mlllVl1iLri1 ltll1~lVl1iil1ViiIJLLltl~Vii~t1U (Taprohm amp Pra
Khan)
1823- 1Y1 poundJ poundJnnfl~I1Vi Lii11ni1ULtJIJiLtJUjj~LL in
amul1lpoundJnIJ ltlmUl1IpoundJniiIJ tJfl~LtJIJiiijjl1IJL tJUunLLIiU
LtJUfl4ltlirU lVl1itJfl~LtJIJiiiLfln1l1Viii~1ULLtJ ltlULLltl~~tJm~ LLlJi1
I dliflu LLU Umh~lJ111ntJfl~BUL~poundJ LL~ltlmtJUntJfl~L tJIJi~llifltlll~
~lUltlmUilpoundJniiIJ tJfl~l1IU t1UlJ1LtJULLU UtJfl~L tJIJi Vli~jj 1 tJfl~L tJIJi
LLltll1l~ 1l1LlUii~ BYIfiViltl tJfl~~U UiLltllriLVI~ poundJIJ ~ll)lltl-i ~jjl11LlL tJU
LLUUtJfl~LtJIJiLfl~ (Original) iifl~tJjj1t1 lt51UinjjtlJ~ LnU LltllLLUU
(Caryatids) tJfl~Vinn~mLltl~bl1U i11UUlil~tJU1jj (Balustrades
with nagas) ~tJU1~eltJltli~ltl1poundJ~1IJ ~tJU1jjilnLLi~VlU1~1 LLltl~ lltJ i~tJ fl~BUL~poundJ-i~L tJIJillifU1Lfl1IJ 11tiIiiIilLLtJltl ~L tJU tJi1~i1 ltll1~t1U il1IJ~IJlVl1i Lrlfl1l1fl~i1tJi~nflU tJ fl~ ltlmUIilpoundJniiIJjjjj11IJLtJUun
LLIiUUltl ~jjl1IJ bjlhlf1miifllil1 JULtJUnUell l~poundJ ~tJ fl~LtJIJi
llilpoundJ~11tJm11 Li1fJ11nlti111lifi1 LtJIJiltl11~lVl1itfU 2 LLUU
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205
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111 jB~U lJjl~ii B~i11 HqjH~Brlj~lLlJjil ~tJm 111 tflll l11
HlJ ltJii~j ~U U ll B~~ni1lltl
m~ 11111 LL~ au 11~ tJ 111 ~ aln ltl LLoil hiii~ ~ riB al1 ~ llllL 111 B4ajru1ill ll B~ tf 11il dllBBniii111lJ a1tJ nlJUltl ~a~l ~hL~ tJ Llil
nUIIi1jlilLOltJ
ImHII~h ~tl hulqjlJEl~U fl-1Gl ii ~~l9iElllJil io f ~
1 i1ltlBlJjBU lJLIIBI1 1500 x 1300 LlJilj
2 ~1~tl11 (Causeway) iijl1Uulil~lJUli1 iI~ii~Iijj~B~ ilj~liil1111l~Lih (Entrance)
v t x 3 tflU (Terraces) ltl(lHltlunll 3 tfll tfllUjnlJLIIBI1 215 x
187 LlJilj iii111lJa~j1lJnll~~i11 6 5 LlJilj Lvimui~ltll11~I1AUtJ ~ ~ t l11t11 tfl11tflll1 2 il~a~n11tfllLLjn Ultl~tflll1 3 na~n11tflll1 2
i bull bull
tfl1111~ 3 ~IIUoiBlJjBUii1tJiH1ji1il (Galleries) iHlji1il~IIli 2
LLltl~tTII~ 3 iilJjl~iilJj~Uiljol11Btiilj~lJlJ (Comer towers) ilj~ ~
n ltl1~ f111 tTII ~ 3 iilJjl~ii B~iilJj ~(jl11L IuLBn (B1il lJj ~Uijjl11
LI11~lJH~~iil1ii~ii) ~ ~ bull v ~ 4 lHlji1 illlB~ tfl11 tfllUjn lJf11rlillHltlnllllilmLil~lJj~tJ~
d shytI11l~ 600 LlJilj ~~ 2 LlJilj LtJIILjB~jllJLntJjilLLOl~lJHlf11jil~
Ultl~ih~qji~ BiJtJlm~tJ1nUrlj ~iljollf (111jltJtU) Ln~tJjalll1j (Vishnu with the Churning of the Sea of Milk) f11rlilHoin~IIi LLail~hhlllii~IIjna1jjiiuiBilltJ1lJUoil (The day of Judgment)
tJ 11 100 LlJilj il ~L lll ~in ~Y11i11llJ ~ii i111lJ allBti1IIa1jjii ~111 ~in ~Y11i111lJ l11fhoi~ fiJ nlJ (lil lilni ~tf 1n1lJ ~11 jn
mrlilH~n~IIfln~111Hii~tI11lJj~lJlru 100 LlJilj uail~ii~ nljjU Y11iilna~i1jllJl11L~B~jllJL1itJjiilUltl~l11L~B~lJHlmjil~
LlJ~tJ ULlitJ Uf11rlilH~n~IIj~Hh~llB~ujlJlll11(jnullB~
lJWlilUltll tI fl~lJ~ ~lilb tJlJiilau ~lilnulii~lJlnn-h (Decoratives)
bLIiifjj tlililiiillllualil~ flfl n chfJI1 fllilll1LlIlJIlI1ll1LLa ~~11lJ LtJlJ
iillQ~fJ ~ tI fl~ tlllbtllJ i flth ~ bLIiIl~~
5 allilalfJ l111olnilmLIii~iilJjjfl~~11uflth~lJlnlJlfJ1ilJbtJlJ
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m~li
eJIlQ ~fJ ~atl1uijn ~blJ ~illillJ~ illiliilfliiim (Divikara)bull
1hohnmi31 1i~11imhlultl111 nlJUi~~lJlm~lJtlfl~
al1fJfifllJbtllJ ~ (Pre-Khmer) JlJUi~aU ~11lJ alJjl11leJl11lJiilau ~ btJlJmh~ll1tYl1al~ llJal1fJbtllJ~ (Khmer period) JlJiilaUlJbtllJ~ lliu i ~l eJ a ~ 1lJtI fl~ 1illJti~ iflJ~ alaii~ ua ~tT~~ ~mnltlnjjUI~Ylblljj
tI fl ~ Ui ~~lJ lmilJ1UilU1Hlli U i~~lJ lmilJ tlfl ~ btlmJlJ t)bb ~ ~ nll~~I1~lill1i~~UlJfln LLa~~11lJ~~n~Ualil~flfln ~i~~I1fi~U tI fl ~ btllJ i 1 jj ltlnl+UI~Ii~millii(lbm1ilJrllJ 1i ~a~Ii fllJ111LlIlJ ti~ m~lJcU~11lJ ~~ntl fl~tlllb tllJiflth~u lill~~
l1ol~llln~I1filllilli~jj~ 18 lUbLltIl iilau ~tlfl~btllJib~lJbafllJ IiifllJ lii1au ~ tI fl ~1111]1Iill1BI1il~ ltlbbriiilau ~tlfl ~b tllJ ~ ~i ~~I1ll ~u
tI fl~ btllJ ~flIiBI1fi~a~i~~ I1fi~U bbUu11tIlfl] Ji~ bblli~I1llllil1~il+ ~ 20 btJ lJ1ilJlu tlllLtllJiUUi fllllalJ1illfJ HlJ1J1lJ
lJl]iila iJ mirlfllJ11 LLa ~iilau~ui~fjntil ~mlltJ1t1fl~b tllJi
IllUIl lJU IllJlJiitT~~ ~ all]nlJ1Jjbb~1UilUI
1lllth (Champa) mifJ II ~ilJ tI fl~U ~~b I1l1(flJ U1 (eJlJUlJl1lfltyllJ1lJU llliilJ)
JlJjjlJ1btJlJWlJtJ llilllJll~ilJ tI fl~ ~lJHibth~ ~fl U~ i fl ~Ui ~bI11l(flJUl
Ji~ ulliri fllJ~ ~atil~ml tl bLa ~l1ol ~ ~ ~atillllilliijj~ 1 4 (~I1fillilliijj ~ 19) 1lJ~~1111~~I1filllill~ijj~ 7 i~ ~I1llll(ilii~~ 18 tlll
i1lJ lJ11lii1u flYIil~nl1 ~li1llJ lijjlJil1nfllJ~~fJ 1lJlllJfJ1Jj1WWln
il1lJiiii1lJ1ilYI1~YIH1jlJ1n illJm~ti~1lJ~YIlii1i11jjlj~ 15 ~ln iilJ lI1fJ Tonkinese llii~ ih fj ~fljltl ~ltl1W1~ tJ~ tJltl~~lnil1lJl1~HlJ ~
Uu bl~h1lJlJ 1~ln il1lJr1~ItJ1ampil LJ
~i ltl~ il1n~ln il1lJ1mtJ1l1riltlll11~iH1j ~~~lniilJllii~11l1fJ i H1j~afJH1 fJ lImiJ ~fJ mjlJ tJ ltl ~ il1lJ ~ ti~ iN ~ Hii ltl ltl tiillJ YInllJl ii ~ iiUltlfJ
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1 H1jtJltl ~ il1lJlJlJlJ IInljw~1l1~ ltl fJ 1 ~ il1l1fJn U1H1j tJ ltl ~ tJ ~11
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dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
~llLJ~tJltl~~im Mison ~~ll~ Don-Duong bl~~YIfjil~ljIj
~ 12 blll~ 15 ~UlJjllLJ~JlJ~~ (Classic) hlJjllLJ~tJltl~~iltl~ Binh-Dinh ~ ~ltl~llJ~Hh~ ~ll 1643-204 3 JlJ~UlJjllLJ~llfl ~~ltllJ
~ln il1lJUUiim11l1lJ1nlJlil~UlJhlJ1mlj ~YI1lll1l1lJ1r1ii ~
UUiim Hi ltllJ tllJ lii~ LJ1nlhiiiH1jiJ1fJ~ YIllil1l1lJ1ltl ~ ti Donshy
Doung
thLflAlflu tJlJ tJ 111YIfJlliiltl~ fJ~ il1niill~~1lJ~m~ fJ ~ lliitJltl~ LJ ~~ YIlliilJ
~ tT1lJ 1aLJj~~YIil1YIfJ~~ LL~lIl1fJ 1Uj1Wmll 1lJ~YIIlllmjjlj~ 11 tJ111YIfJlliill11~ ltl1W1i1mti1lJ~i1t1lJ1lJtilJlJ1lJ (Yunnan) ltl1W1
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tJni1 ~fl~fllrul UlLlru1l ~ LtJU tJ~ ~L I1Al11 tJiJ II ~ uUil iJLijfl~hiqf1 lifl Ui1~tJ~~ ~I1fl~ llVl(~ (ll~H) ltl1iU 1ll1 ~lltJ~i1fl~R~tJ
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1UVjl1 li~ 1Il1~IYf 13 ~ lt11~~~ljl1mLli~ tI ~11 iJiilU1II
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~lj 11tJ IIIn III flUtii iJ fl ~ tJ ~ ~L 11 ~1 11 tJhiu~l tJ ii ~ IIlflULIIU fl ii~ LiJ fl ~
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1I1nVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 16-18 LiJ~~iJiilUll1tJni1~fl~nli1 IIldU flflm5tJ~LIIUfl nli1nlll~ Ull ~lll~ltilU i1flmli1LIIUflilfl~
tJ ~ ~L I1~1 I1tJ tll1Li1~~rU iI flT~ ~lRUl11UIIlLLll ~Vl I1li ~lRU liJ1 tJ ~IIltJlU
tll11I1tJltiilJ R~ IJR1Ufl ~ rlUtlU tllUi~ flqf ~ ll1~ LLll ~L i1~ ~
fl ~ LtJ U ~lIll ~~ IY Iii~r U1lilJU li ~~~ U~ ~~ll tJ ~ Ii ~ i1 lmmlrlU ~ LVl ~ 1 ~h1lilJ U li~ ~~ iJ fl~ tl Uti1 Ui LII huiJ ii~ 1 1I1nBULampi tJ 1ii~rU
1lilJU li~ ~~ iI fl~Ill tJ Ii ~ 11U fl ~ tlU n1 ~URIIl~flflnl11~Vjl1fitlqfqfl iI fl~ BU Lampi tJ lib tJ LL~Lj fl ~ IIIn tIUtilUi1l ~ ~l~tlUL tJUtJmL~U 11U1mUVjl1li
~1Il1~~IY~ 18 ru llliojU1lilJUli~~~~1111niulihtJ1l~LtJUR~n1~BU hiqf1U~ ~IIil~ tllUi~1~1 1ULflLil tJ flli1Lruil fL~~lliuml~LIIlqf ~ J ~~L~fl~i1U
LLi11U~1~1 iJfl~1I1tJ1l~~~lliUL tJUBR~~luR~tJ1mlrurU~~ fl~I11~mmllUfl iJLiJfl~Lt1tJ~URU LiJfl~~h~ LiJfl~Vl~LtJl LiJfl~IIlll~
Vl~~U1~ ~~U~tJ~~~lruVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 15
Amlt1hhtityIJfl~Itu iJlli~~flltJil Vltlillmllf 1781 rifl~~fllrul~mRliJlltJ
1818-1860 ojtllf~tJilfl~yjflJU~l~fhLll~~i1tfl~
iI fl Hjl iIlltJ 1U ~ ~tJ ~L1ll1 LiiitJltlU tlU ojtllf~ tJ
2
44
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1 Lffl1ULllft1 (Club-house) tItl~tUJ11JJiIJtUt1JJ1f111
2 171m nuuu14Oj1uIi1fu]MnWJ0iil ~1~ Hnu1-o11J1u1JrLgt1 ~iiU~L UL~~
Ufltl1Jt~1
3 ~uuthu1gt1~-iiU~LUL~~
4 5 ftCl1iJfltJniiJJlJf)~~U
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1J fI ~Ii flY lJj llJ rllbb II~ Ii fI IIlJ bll ~j 1 fJ ah ~ bil fI ~
btlfJ~jlmbltt ~Ujfl~ btlfJ ~1IIjj
1893 Wj~bjljllJ1Bu~ah~n1~~f1f1limbJlJUjfl~
IIltt1~1IIjj1JfI~lI1fJ
1910 n1~ll1JI1fJ~lJnun1~~f1f1ll~1 231 0 n1~~f1f1llmbamlfiW~jjl ill~1II11fJ
2 318 Wj~bjl111nitlJj1lJl11mJlJtJnbb~lJ ah~Ujfl~
IIltl1~ 1IIjjiilllJljl
2325 bjlWj~mjnl bJlJn~1Illl~lJjl1f1~fjnl
al1~n1~l1IlJlnitlJI1i ~
2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
(King Mongkut) b~lJliilbijlJWj~jl1falJ-WlJllllJ1Il nUlJIIllillJlllh~Ib~bl1~
2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
f1~111 (King Chulalongkorn) Ulf11jtJlijjlJ
1IdlJ1InbiillJl-WIilJlJl1b~b I1~1 11pound1
iialla3TtlfifllJl11tJ (Pre Thai Periods)
~GiI1mrtJm111Wi (Davaravari Art)
illtt IJ ~mr poundI 1111 jl1~al1~ ~lJ bvi f1~lalJ lVjl1llH1 fJ lJ 111 fJ 1lJ
il ~bbjnMtll1BWltt llnilltt IJ ~airfJ f1lJ jl1~ ~f1lJ liij~ l~llnilltt IJ ~airfJ
~ IJ 11 ~ 1J f1~ lilJb~tJ 1Ilmh~u b~lJ bbjn illttUlJairpoundI 1111 jl1~bii tJlJbbUU
nljall~Wj~Vjl1Ii~IJllnairtJ~IJ1I~f1~l~bbl1l~~ ~f11 lJliij~~f1tJi1
rnlfru~1Jf1~1IlJbf1~lJln~lJ ~1lJ IJj ~~lJ In jjlJ 1JfI~airtJI111jl1~ii UlalJllbJlJVib~lfJlJbJlJ~llJh~1I ~lJb~11vl bbltt ~lJiJlJ ~ ~bba1l~ 1I1b j 1 bjlJ1~1i~r nlfru~Vi b~jf1J f1~ biffI If l~b UlJ f1~ 1~ ~ ~ ~ illtt IJ ~ I111j11~ bUlJalJ n1 j ltl111]J 1J fI ~ n 1jIifI ~~ afltt Ii1 ~ n1ja l1 ~W j ~Vj 11 Ii
~IJI11~1l1il bIIilfl 1JfI~111pound1
middottiFmiddotmiddot
1 pji~1Uf1-1 (Side elevation) ~EI-11~1lLlIlJ t111-1fffl1lJtJtlll~fl~1 2 LLUUtJ1111111tl-1lUI LLflll-1 ~uil~inMtU~ LfIlML1hultJlriunuu 71-31fII e-1 LtIll LLlfi
11tJmiddot~titJY1ft1 i (A)lnll1mi1U1U~nL1li~1IJtJr~l1ril ~OUti ~rUi1u L~ ftfl~~~1~tiOM~ Li1UztJL~1J 3 4 i~J~huUflt1-1I1lJlltl-4)~1IIlJl (3) lInLLliHIiltJItlllfl1t1ti1UUwmuJu ijpj)
U1flflIMl1tJmj1UUluiL11hW~h~tluU7l1tHtlmrU~IiIiiLLU1Jfll ft1Ull11nLlIlJ
LliiOfltlUWJ1ln-J1
fitftl1mJllmirTII (Srivijaya Art) bri m~ l1j1l1ii~WJ 1lJ lJ WU fi elUIn lt1pound 111 tJ ltl~ tlj W1lJ InljlJ
f11~1l1~ bHih tJ ltl~1mlflu tlj W1lJ InljlJ tJ ltl~ tl 1 r1~ ~l 11111h iii01 tltJ ltl~ tl l~~ljhu h~ 1I1bn 11Iil 01 tluUUbil~~ bbflU ~u (StyIe
of Chiengsen) amill1l~nljlJm~1l1~bHUmJltl~1f1~lih~U1jj ltlUrlU lWiual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruiiI01 tlJ ltl~i101 tlJ I~~ojiT~ b~ltl~Bf1GVi 01 Jltl~iiI01tltllallmlojiT~d ltlllbuultll(if 2 mlbt~ ~ltl mlbt~ HO ~ r ~ Iiii 01 tl iilojiT~1Wijj Bf1G Vi 01 Ol tilUiii01 tl all~ a1Jl1~ (if~ IiU Ii ~lj I ~1 Uiii01 tl m~1l1~ bHU I Wi tJ1l1 ~ H lt1~ bri ltlVi jbij1jllJ III bbm lj iilU1ltlnilj ltl~1l1~ l(ifI1lO1 ltll1lbbH01lJlJ 01lfJ
~ftl1ffillJlf)JJ (Khmer Art)
bri rnriu iii01 tl tJltl~ btJlJjliu 1f1~ lii~u bltl1UUUltltil~f11~iilU amill1l~nljlJbb01 01I1I01l~l1InU~~lJl1 llH01l~ ltltil~ bb~l~lii~ Ubltll ~lU tlj W1lJlnljlJ tljlJma-jl~~tl b~ljVi (Statuary) b01 ~
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iimh~11I Hlnlmhl11(lnMltl btJult1nbtruJltl~mjiJuyjel~ ~~ briltliJuult1Ii~thl tlHltimu~101H dbuU~Hh~qJ~h l11bllll1lmj bbal1l~ltlltlnm~ll1lllltJltl~tlll f1~lii
itftl1ifmllffU llft~ftl1rI1m1fimi1a
ami GI OnUI amill1l~nljlJtJltl~1f1~1ujlru~ill1l iitT~ bHii ltlltl~l I1bluM ltlVijblM ~ ~ual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruv1biilbtf)Ol~ iiI01tl BUb~~ Vi ~1 bb01 ~~l T~ 1uallm il~~bbauliu 11 ll jj~~ riltla-jl~ 1Ujlru~ill1lbHiiltlltl~Ul~ u~iluiltl~llJWlU jObUUtl1 H1n ljOlj l11l~Ubjjltl~b il~~ bbau1UOlti 1~ l~~ ~~ rfi~l h~ 1I1bjl1iiHlt1n
4
1 tlJ~ltVitif1~ ti~lU~1~1 jji~1~1~L~~Ufl1 2 LiititlJ~ ltVilUUflUfl1nlJ1f1 i ~1U~O U~ untilJ~o~i~ fl1 ~ffiili ~ o1i~1 i1lt~aTlItliLDt1~fl~tl1 (A) LLuuio1i~fiI1tl1ijtJtlJlLULLpj~tur1UffiUYH ~~ 111 3 WlfI- 4
~lU~l~U~~l~~la~~au~~~~~~~ual~~l~Ul~
all U~~n~~~~ 1~1l1i1 bwQ ~ ~ ~~1~ ~ hu111qjll mHII~
~~~W~jjl al~bb~Il~~5Wa~au~~u~~~d~ ~au~~~~bll~~hXiU
lu blul~1111~au~ml~ldiii ~jlt1~ bba~b~~~ wa~~~~d~nu bii~~illntJl~l1n~lum~u~~l~~la~ bbu u~til~~aU~l1al~ bbuului~~lntiil~mildl~~til~bbjjU~Ul1 nuamu~~m~~lu btlutJ~~ail~lumj~1~
lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
l~Wu5nubbuuW~~Yj~fi~u~~~all~iju~~ ~~ll~~d~m~mu~du r~ii~a~15bWtl~ W~~bil~~fi~uth~na~ lldl~u~~~m~nUl1~~ 111qj W~~Yj~fi~Ubb uuiillW~~bfl~~lalb t1u~u~~nUdl1~ bba ~tll~ l~ 111llIH~~ a~illnW~~~~ a~bbfi ~ldW~~l~ ~ W~ ~Yj~fi~ua 1~~~~
~~~all~bb ~nad~~l~bba~ill~~ li1~ln
illn~~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 18-20 W~~Yj~fi~Um~1l1i1 bl11l ~1~u~~5Wa illn~au~al~tf~ 1il~iI~b lul~illnn1~r~ii~bull a~15~lU dl~u~~~flb~n W~~bil~~llbuadi~ll bba~tll~l~llll11
~~~a~~l~~W~~uln illnm~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 20 ~au~ n1~ail~W~~~fi~um~1l1ml1i1~rb~~bll~~a~
itIJ lhQrJ fJ~
1uall~1U~1(IJ ~~fJ~b t1ubll~~l1ii~ ~~~ ~1(IJ1~mml~ld~ 1il~lu~au~~~~~i~btlu~all~~~~ml~ld~ lui1~~l1~~~~Yj~fi ~m~~1Yti 16 l11~~U~~d~~1Yti 17 j1all~~~~~b~~1~~~5Wa b~~~ lI~~0~ln~~~iH~~~ulln1Y(IJ~btJ~~ bW~l~b11~11nU lI~~0~lm~~tJ~~ml~ld~bba~~~~b~~~l1u llildl~l~WU5nU~til~
~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
1 pJruautJa1J~1JLu~0N7~~IJ~t11 2 pJruautJa1J~1JLU~n~lt1oJ1JLn~1J f U~~tx1JiNIt~1UIllfl~1W~1n UUU~U~O~1 L~~tOttJfl~1~il~m~nULU~~1J1~tli ~jjL~1~e~mJO~1~1 yi11~tft nill~lt1M1tl~nln ~~ poundj ~1 fttl ~1tltJ~(1t1 n~ 1 Peripteral temple
3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
lmH1~hLLUUmh~~ln ~~rUi~ij~ ~tl~111L~tl1111~B~ ~igthnJ~ ~01B~LL UUi11mi111nUB~~1tlnU JULUUn1~tl1nfiJ ~mh11~i1 LUULLUU tJB~ li1~ tlBmUU~~LLtii1 L~B~LtfUiir~Ln~~uLLrimrtl 111Ll1 m111~ B~nmr tl LtfUt~mnUnUO1n6i tf 1~riB~tiUtlB~ij 1ntlI~ VlLil~1~mQW1~lu~6itJ~tJB~~nltln6i
lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
~ln~lmvlmj~L01l~W~tiil101U1 lUUl1n~l~nU 1tJJ1mtJ~~ 111tl
-rt11tJ~~riB01-j1~m~il~01U1tJB~1 ~tl LtfU 1U01ri 1yen11~ JUijtJU1~ nil~1yenlqj ~~JUi~ O1-j1~yenIltl ~111lii1tlllu Btl1~lyen11~ tJ B~t tJ~ ~ 1li1~ Q~Ju i~ 1tJ1arLUU111~~O11l~ lutuum~ 111Ln~LL UUBtl1~01miJ~tl m ~~ 1mHlu ti B~~ 1J1ntJ~ ~LW ru tJ 111~tl-j ULB1LLUUO1miJ~tl m~~ tJB~ttJ~~~11ti~1tl LL~1liin6i1mUUhULLl1n~1~iJ1111~LL~ufi J ~L UU111 ~ ~01-j1~lUL UUtJmL~U (Constructive)
ltlU~1 mniJl1tlm ~~ tJ B~1~tllu~ ~tl ~t~~liiUrULuutJ~ ~1J1~ LBm~jiJ (Monochrome) ~B~ltriB1liiul~1iW6itJB~iu i~mntl LuUWIl~~jiJ (Polychrome) LL6i~U~~1N6ihn1~LL01I1~BBn~~LL UU
I (8
4
1 ~ntJnu~fl~1Y1UeurmfLli[Juflfl~UfllfitJ1IJltnlrl jj l1JJi~1J1~t lPl11~ li]U
iln~~u ~~U~OlJi~~11Ibullbull~OU~Lii~~mi1~~n1IJ(A) 2 1UftJJU fiflJJ1 Li1lt~fu iiYlfin~ lIfl~iil i1lllflJU11~ fifilmJ ft11J~u t~JjiimiN LUU1~ ~jj Lt1a~U~ riu~utJLuuoiu1 Oth1L n~un~1 mUlaquo1nLL~ (B)
3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
- - ~ -~ shy4 fl 01i1 fit n11JlllJilJlulJIU ~n~IY1ffi~~n1UY1NIQlIIl~l1l1l1 ~ ClJtUJUIJllt)-3 11JJ
LU uil n~~u -0 L~1~ ~r~d~mo ~~il niiuuoilnlffiJuutJ ~o
mh~ tJltl~iiltl tI~mh~ L~lJ~ lumJUltlfjfitJ11lJVfnfii1Wljjlt~ 21
Lrimdi1u fInBWltl tJ ltl~ iilJtJlJ Ljldiltl~Ylilljrulii~ iJelL iI iIl~ h ltllmj~mllj~ltll1~di1ubJ riltl111Lii~jjmj~mL~~ltl1~ltllU Lla~ jj n 1j1tillVIal ulI Q~tJlJ tIlJ tll~~ri ltlltll1~di1Ul~tlfil~tlij~L~m rllJ fllJn iI ~jj LlUU mj 1~ ila tI ~lI ilU lI~ rllJ di~ iI ~L1llJldiillmllJ
a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
LUlJdilJ fl1lJll1j~ltlh~~LUlJ lJjtJlJUUlJ ~mL~~libu a1~alU lJ jlJ
(Stucco)
LlU u ltlti 1 ~ila tI ~ tJ ltl ~f11l1L VIU ltl tJlJldiUllJ 11tl1lJltlm tJ ~u flj jlJ tJ ltl~ 1mfu di1U Ill mjllULltl1ltlmtJ~unj jlJ tJ ltl~L tJlJ jlJ1
ltll1~ LUlJtI jl~cent1 jjl~tltlj~ltl~il~ltiLtilJL~U1rlU ltlUti LLUU tIjl~il ~ltl1U~1lJ~~ltl~~1~lJVI151~ Yl~~lan ~ltllJl1lJltllJUltlfjfiUl~ltllJ tI alfJ Lla ~1lJ ltllJul~lJ 1nillJI11 I1j~tJltl~W j ~LiI~6LLa ~Wj ~t1jl~il
ltl~tI ~a~tlJ n1 lL~lJ it ~nl1 I1tJ1~lI11lJL UlJtJnLl~lJ tJ fl~Ll UUL~lJ 1tI lIiGi IIInjj II ~j ~ rllJ iJ1lJ rlU ~ 1lJltlmtJ~u fljjlJ ~ 1lJ
tIj ~~lJlnljlJtJ ltl~1 tJI1U1~jjll11lJalJ~lJfirlu tJltl~L tJlJj di~ ldimh1
Lli111 W j ~W I1fijtlm~fl1l1 LVIi) ltlJ ltl~ 1I1utJlJ jjll11lJ alJ~lJfi1lJ LLUU ltlti1 ~ rlU tJ ltl ~ ltlirUijtl~~ LL~l lJltllJU1tJ I1U tIj ~~lJl nl1I1U
- tIl - 1 1 ltlj 1 ~ LlU UW j ~Vj 11 5l tJlJlJ 1 ~1lJ lI 1 1lJlnLa ltllJ ltl lJ W j ~Vj 11 fi
il1ltllJ1 Lla ~lI11lJllImLti~L iffltll~mh~LlI1i1l~ Ljl11 ltl1 iI tl~ tllJldiLLUlJltllJh lIlJ1I1U1mlrultllJultJI1utJlJ
ldiLLU UW j ~Vj I1fil tI ill n1VIlJlJ lltlil~W j ~Vj I1fil tI LUlJLLUU 11tJ 11U
tJ ltl~~lJ illJ LL~L jlltl1 lalJUItjllJldih LtJ l1dill11lJ tJlJ~la1i1 ~~ ltll1~ LlU U llnW j ~Vjl1 5ltlm~fl1l1LVIU ltl lI~lJ~fllJ lL~ flWj ~ltl~ ~ i~mldiLtlllJ lt~afllJWj~Vjl1fiil1ltllJl1lJ1tJI1UldiulLLUUWj ~Vjl1fi ltllJlJL~Uua~i~mL tlllJldi1Uit ~ldi1I1l111lJtJlJma1i11VI~LLriilaUlJ ltl1tJI1U Wj~WI15jtlit ~illtl UlJ1I1U~~ltlll~tlJtJlJ L~lJ1tldiUlI1lJ
-illnlflui~ 1lJwl1~il1ltllJ1Lta ~lI11lJjjt1~ii~1i1 tJfl~illtltJlJ i1n~ru~
2
3
1 L6ltl1JLL1JUllUU1la~eUpoundJitllitJjjimtuWLAMtHfl~n1
2 LtUDtl~rujUtlqlltJ1tlth)tJ~111 jj49J~D~~ )J11ln LLuueU11UIiItlnrnjYIHJl1P1lwUtl
urntiULf1nu L~~r~UU qll~
31uftj~ti ~ti~1~tiUUfl1 ~ ~tI~ftj~ ~uLn~Ull f ~L~ ~ ~1~nfl1~Luua~ ntiftr~1I1 ~
l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
iiia 11~tI f1~ lt11tII1tnlUhumhtlYlflI1JJlf1rilUnUilI1imiJJ1Yltl LLa ~ if~ fl~jj f1~ ~a f1I1JJ 11U~~Uiila 11 mtllll~Iiitl lii~liULilf1lilmi1
lliii1iiiauU1tII1tllIiiLLltlI1~fIf1 0 ~ ~ f11iJJ tUfllJJ i~o tI fI ~ yj 1 ~1Yl tl
llhnUiila11LtJUltlri 1~~ ~
Lfl~iNilU6iUun ~lI1~am~iila11~tIltl~1Yltl1mlru~uu i ljjfl lJJ ~ 11~ lJJ ltl ri 1 ~ ~ ~ 11 i Lll YlllU ~ M ltlLfl ~ ltl ~ iJU~U L~ 1 tI ltl ~ ltIiifllamLa lt11tII1tllU~Yl li~I1ii~~ 19-20 ~ ~LtJU~i~oflUiii
bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
110U~H tJU ~~h lll ltl1lHjj ~n yj 1~110U~~ Iiitl al1altl ~Jl111a
u ii111~OmL~o I Lfl11 ltl uliitl ~Lti tleiltlUliU1jhwlulUvHimi
~~ LUJilmjjltllltJ1U LL~flillt1Ulil~~
itilumJmJfJl5fJ1 (Wf1 1890-2310)
ltI(llij~tlO~ ltlU1Ul1tlOiiJJtIltl~ltI~tlltl~litll~UUtlJJ 1jill1mL~~ LtJU~llj~ii ri ltlJJ LLIiUltlUi1iiia 11 ltI~ tlltltl litJ1UUlliiiu BYlll~ a ill 0 iill ~ ~jj i ltlU tlJJ m ~ illll01i I1mL~~ LtJUvlL~jf liU
ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
flU tU 1U~Ylti~I1iijf~ 21 ltltl tirll11iimialUWillU lmim~ lt1m UI1tl OiiJJ ltl til ~ LUJJJ~ U ii1111Ultlli 1ll1i ~ i ~L il iiili ~ i 11il~ii 11ilalYlilll~ lliiltlil~~UhlifL01tl11llJJI1 LVitl~U~ Y1il01mlruamU~Lll11 ltlltl~liUfth 11Lil ltl~Uh WUltlrl
~lUthUlYlal1alri (Ornamental works) tlfI~a~tlltlfltitJ1
liUjj ijru~hm~iiImJ~~ ~ ~ ~ ai1~ tUltlril~JJ 10JJ1rllliiLui ~1U til ~ lall ~lULLnn ~lULfl~ltl~O ell LLaLfl~ltl~Lfl11ltlU alllULfJ~ltl~ Lfl11ltlU~~li~1tltil1U11i~L Yl~iiU uaell~ ~jjal1altl61~111thlU
thLYl~BULiiitlliU h~lYlmtJU~ltlltlOU UUal1alri (Designs) ua
il (Colour) il~Iiiltl~(iltlilLtJUiilatl1Yltl
~1ULii~~1~J11JU~~U~~fi~1 iuLilu~ bullbullljl~1bullfu~bull bullbullh~~~U 1Lu~1ufeln~ul~bullbull~ilulm mII1t1lbullbullbull1~ 1J1JLtJ1~iumru~uunuulu1u~nutJTilu1numU~
h iiill1 fliill UUU flth~~j VP1ti~t1 tJ fl~ fltl tilllt1llL~lJ illmflJmil1fl~ I1ifllJlj~ldiu Bl1ii~ilillnLLu U~j~l1tijtltJfl~allll
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~ ~ ~
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
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almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
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tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
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bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
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m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
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huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
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bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
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ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
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lllii~Gitl1 uii
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lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
i11au1ilu1l1lJutl~milUtJ~ b~~liiu lIa~~1lll1~rltf1 Ulii~ ltIt
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Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
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(1483 AD) LUlJII (I ~m~L ~ tJlJ1l1Wjj i111lJ oj en I111lJni 1
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1573-1603 AD fUitJ Tuyutomi
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jj Edo LUlJLilfl~I1~1~ (U~lUlJjfl Tokyo l11li) tI~~LI11l
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fl Olti1~VI0l1tlflmnliltilliinUl1il1 rlll j ~VIh~~liIjn jil1l11l1lJ1nlJ1tl tJ u~ ililtlii tJ umh1ii~ LVl tl ~
ilu~llJli1l1iiu Tannyu (1602-1674 AD) LlJlI~tillil11lJ L~tl1tf1llJmh~~~ Ltitlllfl1WaLum~iluOlW~j~il Ogata Korin
(1655-1716 AD) li1l1~iibjtllu~rlUflOllli1 thnllilOlllLlJlI a1l11i1l111i1tlthr111llJllJ1n1 tJ u~ilOl ll illJtl1m1n1lJ 1LtJlI ~~ UlI1iI10l h 1l1iliilliiA1iI1jj~ti 18 llilnOliJ1tl Realistic LLOl Idealistic
Lnliltlll flOl Realistic II Maraama Okyo (1733-1795 AD)
LlJlI~riilJi~ a1l1 Ganku Koma LlJlI~riuJi~ Kishi School illv v
thnllLlJlILLUUliInu~~lljnuudi1tllllalill Jatuku Ito (1716shy800 AD) LlJlI1(ililjmlljIJlt1 Decorative Painting ~~~lV1qj~u il1n Korin
-31llWJlW (Xylography)
~ll1mWWlJYl (lil) LtJlIilOllla1l1ju~ (Minor art) ~~1di mthrllllJ1u~il~lm1n1 L1l1LL~hililiiA1iI1jWti 18 Lli1ill ti~ 1l1il0l ll llj Lfl VIiiliiiunljtln fi il~11L lJlI~ 1l1 tiUillil~ uun~ ~ il11lJiamjlI~~1VIqjtJ il~ilOlll ~iJlI U~tflltfll~ lliUtllJrlll LWj1 ~1iI11~1l1ilOlll tiLtJlIL~u~LMtl1tiu~1iI1i1L li1illtitlmi u~till Hishishy
kawa Moronobu (1638-1714 AD) LtJlI~riuJi~~1l1fl1WWlJYl illJtl1VIlitJu~~lll
hjll tfll tf1illi1ldimjl ii~ tTlI ~ 1lInllUillil~mJntJ u~ilOl ll ll j IJl VI iiLti lI tf 11~ iJ lI LOl rJ nll~ 1iI jnjjlJ LLOl~ 1l1fl lWWlJ Yl IJu~
255
~~1~~n~~~U~1~~~a~A~1~~~~ 19 ~~~~~~1a~A~1~~~~ 20
Ii~hHu~I151lltlil1nnU1l11lVllJvltJ~~qij~til~~fh~lJ1n
lnI2l~fj~t11I11YlWll-W2l ~uiJIiiiiiliifH~~~1~fill- Torii Kiyonobu rhn~~~1~~~wh~ 1664-1729 AD
Okumura Masanobu 1685-1764 AD
Lusuki Harunobu lh~1~~~lu~~wh~ 1725-1770 AD
Kitao Shigemasa 1739-1820 AD
Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
Toshusai Sharaku -1825 AD
Kitagawa Utamaro 1753-1805 AD
Katsushika Hokusai 1760-1849 AD
Hiroshige 1797-1858 AD
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3 pJ~~U (Gallery) i1H Youl UU -Corbelling )1i11m i1gti1IJ Ujl-3)j f1J1)J ntlN-11 riLntl-3Rl-3R1~ UJ IlLIntri1~1 n1f1-31VlujjllLl1~ntj1-3~1 mlLl
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4 5 LLUULR1LVl~tI)JlIfI-3LlI)JI ufI-flJLlflLiiU1If1-3flJ~fl1U~1~n~LR1
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Lflm1tf lJo1 I1nI1Ufl1 U1Jm Ltlll ~n(lllLilflll o1~ tJ~L flillflm~ll
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rlll~ tl1jjU~~ llllLlUijUtln O1l~
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1432-1443 LJUitlltllJtltlfl~rl~~ij1t11lt11~lJUfi 1 m~LJJ~ lllY11~n1~tlO1tJ~YI1U ltli1~Ulfl~rlUlllJ1Ln~ (Phnom
Bakheng)
1471-1484 ~UUitlltllltltlfl~rl~Li1titll~llJfi 4 ltli1~Ljjfl~ l101l~lmjiiflUjfl~1t~~tJ~fi Kha Ker
1487-1511 LUUltfltllJtJtlfl~rl~Lij1~1~tfUfI~1~llJ ltli1~LLjj
lJflUilJflfln (East Meban) IJtJ~jrl (Pre Rup)
L~01UUfl1t1~1t1 (Banteai Srei)
1511-1544 LJUitlltllltltlfl~W~Lij1titll~lJfi 5 ltli1~i111~ YlLUn1il (Phineakas)
1545-1593 LlUitlltllltI tl fl~W~ ~ij1lt1~rn~lJJfi 1 ~lJtlJ1 fltI ltli1~i111~i1LUh (Ta Keo) lminlJU~~llll
ilJ1h~ (Portal) 54middoth~tiUlihJLIIL~mi1LlJ1
2 ri1lflLiltJ~lIpound1~Lft1Litw
3 a1a1tJlIpoundILlI1-J1trQ~lJl1 uiJd1l1illn LLPi~~Cl1UfJnT1)11 llrr LLlJiriiil~li1-J-)
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Mebon)
1656-1693 LtJUlfltll1poundJ tJfl~Vii~L~lltl~mil1U~ 2 ltlll~Ujjililbull LU~LuiLLltl LLltl~UUYI1poundJltl1IJLL i (Angkor Wat Beng
Mealea and Bantei Samre)
1720- UjjitiIJ~nhIJmilpoundJVilmmJ
1724-1761 LtJU lfltl11poundJ tJ fl~Vi i ~L~lll poundJlil1U ~ 7 ltlll~hl1i VjYItiA1ltlU1~U1poundJU (Bayon) lUU~mlllVl1iLri1 ltll1~lVl1iil1ViiIJLLltl~Vii~t1U (Taprohm amp Pra
Khan)
1823- 1Y1 poundJ poundJnnfl~I1Vi Lii11ni1ULtJIJiLtJUjj~LL in
amul1lpoundJnIJ ltlmUl1IpoundJniiIJ tJfl~LtJIJiiijjl1IJL tJUunLLIiU
LtJUfl4ltlirU lVl1itJfl~LtJIJiiiLfln1l1Viii~1ULLtJ ltlULLltl~~tJm~ LLlJi1
I dliflu LLU Umh~lJ111ntJfl~BUL~poundJ LL~ltlmtJUntJfl~L tJIJi~llifltlll~
~lUltlmUilpoundJniiIJ tJfl~l1IU t1UlJ1LtJULLU UtJfl~L tJIJi Vli~jj 1 tJfl~L tJIJi
LLltll1l~ 1l1LlUii~ BYIfiViltl tJfl~~U UiLltllriLVI~ poundJIJ ~ll)lltl-i ~jjl11LlL tJU
LLUUtJfl~LtJIJiLfl~ (Original) iifl~tJjj1t1 lt51UinjjtlJ~ LnU LltllLLUU
(Caryatids) tJfl~Vinn~mLltl~bl1U i11UUlil~tJU1jj (Balustrades
with nagas) ~tJU1~eltJltli~ltl1poundJ~1IJ ~tJU1jjilnLLi~VlU1~1 LLltl~ lltJ i~tJ fl~BUL~poundJ-i~L tJIJillifU1Lfl1IJ 11tiIiiIilLLtJltl ~L tJU tJi1~i1 ltll1~t1U il1IJ~IJlVl1i Lrlfl1l1fl~i1tJi~nflU tJ fl~ ltlmUIilpoundJniiIJjjjj11IJLtJUun
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llilpoundJ~11tJm11 Li1fJ11nlti111lifi1 LtJIJiltl11~lVl1itfU 2 LLUU
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205
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1 i1ltlBlJjBU lJLIIBI1 1500 x 1300 LlJilj
2 ~1~tl11 (Causeway) iijl1Uulil~lJUli1 iI~ii~Iijj~B~ ilj~liil1111l~Lih (Entrance)
v t x 3 tflU (Terraces) ltl(lHltlunll 3 tfll tfllUjnlJLIIBI1 215 x
187 LlJilj iii111lJa~j1lJnll~~i11 6 5 LlJilj Lvimui~ltll11~I1AUtJ ~ ~ t l11t11 tfl11tflll1 2 il~a~n11tfllLLjn Ultl~tflll1 3 na~n11tflll1 2
i bull bull
tfl1111~ 3 ~IIUoiBlJjBUii1tJiH1ji1il (Galleries) iHlji1il~IIli 2
LLltl~tTII~ 3 iilJjl~iilJj~Uiljol11Btiilj~lJlJ (Comer towers) ilj~ ~
n ltl1~ f111 tTII ~ 3 iilJjl~ii B~iilJj ~(jl11L IuLBn (B1il lJj ~Uijjl11
LI11~lJH~~iil1ii~ii) ~ ~ bull v ~ 4 lHlji1 illlB~ tfl11 tfllUjn lJf11rlillHltlnllllilmLil~lJj~tJ~
d shytI11l~ 600 LlJilj ~~ 2 LlJilj LtJIILjB~jllJLntJjilLLOl~lJHlf11jil~
Ultl~ih~qji~ BiJtJlm~tJ1nUrlj ~iljollf (111jltJtU) Ln~tJjalll1j (Vishnu with the Churning of the Sea of Milk) f11rlilHoin~IIi LLail~hhlllii~IIjna1jjiiuiBilltJ1lJUoil (The day of Judgment)
tJ 11 100 LlJilj il ~L lll ~in ~Y11i11llJ ~ii i111lJ allBti1IIa1jjii ~111 ~in ~Y11i111lJ l11fhoi~ fiJ nlJ (lil lilni ~tf 1n1lJ ~11 jn
mrlilH~n~IIfln~111Hii~tI11lJj~lJlru 100 LlJilj uail~ii~ nljjU Y11iilna~i1jllJl11L~B~jllJL1itJjiilUltl~l11L~B~lJHlmjil~
LlJ~tJ ULlitJ Uf11rlilH~n~IIj~Hh~llB~ujlJlll11(jnullB~
lJWlilUltll tI fl~lJ~ ~lilb tJlJiilau ~lilnulii~lJlnn-h (Decoratives)
bLIiifjj tlililiiillllualil~ flfl n chfJI1 fllilll1LlIlJIlI1ll1LLa ~~11lJ LtJlJ
iillQ~fJ ~ tI fl~ tlllbtllJ i flth ~ bLIiIl~~
5 allilalfJ l111olnilmLIii~iilJjjfl~~11uflth~lJlnlJlfJ1ilJbtJlJ
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m~li
eJIlQ ~fJ ~atl1uijn ~blJ ~illillJ~ illiliilfliiim (Divikara)bull
1hohnmi31 1i~11imhlultl111 nlJUi~~lJlm~lJtlfl~
al1fJfifllJbtllJ ~ (Pre-Khmer) JlJUi~aU ~11lJ alJjl11leJl11lJiilau ~ btJlJmh~ll1tYl1al~ llJal1fJbtllJ~ (Khmer period) JlJiilaUlJbtllJ~ lliu i ~l eJ a ~ 1lJtI fl~ 1illJti~ iflJ~ alaii~ ua ~tT~~ ~mnltlnjjUI~Ylblljj
tI fl ~ Ui ~~lJ lmilJ1UilU1Hlli U i~~lJ lmilJ tlfl ~ btlmJlJ t)bb ~ ~ nll~~I1~lill1i~~UlJfln LLa~~11lJ~~n~Ualil~flfln ~i~~I1fi~U tI fl ~ btllJ i 1 jj ltlnl+UI~Ii~millii(lbm1ilJrllJ 1i ~a~Ii fllJ111LlIlJ ti~ m~lJcU~11lJ ~~ntl fl~tlllb tllJiflth~u lill~~
l1ol~llln~I1filllilli~jj~ 18 lUbLltIl iilau ~tlfl~btllJib~lJbafllJ IiifllJ lii1au ~ tI fl ~1111]1Iill1BI1il~ ltlbbriiilau ~tlfl ~b tllJ ~ ~i ~~I1ll ~u
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lJl]iila iJ mirlfllJ11 LLa ~iilau~ui~fjntil ~mlltJ1t1fl~b tllJi
IllUIl lJU IllJlJiitT~~ ~ all]nlJ1Jjbb~1UilUI
1lllth (Champa) mifJ II ~ilJ tI fl~U ~~b I1l1(flJ U1 (eJlJUlJl1lfltyllJ1lJU llliilJ)
JlJjjlJ1btJlJWlJtJ llilllJll~ilJ tI fl~ ~lJHibth~ ~fl U~ i fl ~Ui ~bI11l(flJUl
Ji~ ulliri fllJ~ ~atil~ml tl bLa ~l1ol ~ ~ ~atillllilliijj~ 1 4 (~I1fillilliijj ~ 19) 1lJ~~1111~~I1filllill~ijj~ 7 i~ ~I1llll(ilii~~ 18 tlll
i1lJ lJ11lii1u flYIil~nl1 ~li1llJ lijjlJil1nfllJ~~fJ 1lJlllJfJ1Jj1WWln
il1lJiiii1lJ1ilYI1~YIH1jlJ1n illJm~ti~1lJ~YIlii1i11jjlj~ 15 ~ln iilJ lI1fJ Tonkinese llii~ ih fj ~fljltl ~ltl1W1~ tJ~ tJltl~~lnil1lJl1~HlJ ~
Uu bl~h1lJlJ 1~ln il1lJr1~ItJ1ampil LJ
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1 H1jtJltl ~ il1lJlJlJlJ IInljw~1l1~ ltl fJ 1 ~ il1l1fJn U1H1j tJ ltl ~ tJ ~11
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dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
~llLJ~tJltl~~im Mison ~~ll~ Don-Duong bl~~YIfjil~ljIj
~ 12 blll~ 15 ~UlJjllLJ~JlJ~~ (Classic) hlJjllLJ~tJltl~~iltl~ Binh-Dinh ~ ~ltl~llJ~Hh~ ~ll 1643-204 3 JlJ~UlJjllLJ~llfl ~~ltllJ
~ln il1lJUUiim11l1lJ1nlJlil~UlJhlJ1mlj ~YI1lll1l1lJ1r1ii ~
UUiim Hi ltllJ tllJ lii~ LJ1nlhiiiH1jiJ1fJ~ YIllil1l1lJ1ltl ~ ti Donshy
Doung
thLflAlflu tJlJ tJ 111YIfJlliiltl~ fJ~ il1niill~~1lJ~m~ fJ ~ lliitJltl~ LJ ~~ YIlliilJ
~ tT1lJ 1aLJj~~YIil1YIfJ~~ LL~lIl1fJ 1Uj1Wmll 1lJ~YIIlllmjjlj~ 11 tJ111YIfJlliill11~ ltl1W1i1mti1lJ~i1t1lJ1lJtilJlJ1lJ (Yunnan) ltl1W1
i1nliiil11lJhi1IYI1 ~ LJ jdampill1l1~ilJ 1n blll ~llii~n~11l1fJl~fJ nUl1l1hlJ (Kublai Khan) 1lJ~YI1lll~1jljti 18 tJ111Y1fJii1liiltl~ ltl~ fJ~il1nblflllJti 1lJ~i1 ~ tT1lJ1tl~ LJ~LYIll~ ~jj 1blll ~LJ~LYIll1YIt
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tJni1 ~fl~fllrul UlLlru1l ~ LtJU tJ~ ~L I1Al11 tJiJ II ~ uUil iJLijfl~hiqf1 lifl Ui1~tJ~~ ~I1fl~ llVl(~ (ll~H) ltl1iU 1ll1 ~lltJ~i1fl~R~tJ
1111 ~ l1ampi llii1iill1fiVlll LLri ~ll tJ ~111~ LIIUfl iI fl ~IlltJ IihtJ
1UVjl1 li~ 1Il1~IYf 13 ~ lt11~~~ljl1mLli~ tI ~11 iJiilU1II
tJni1~mUIIll~~ll1~ ii1 tltJ lLtJULiJfl~lhjhy 1lilJU li~~~ i1fl~
~lj 11tJ IIIn III flUtii iJ fl ~ tJ ~ ~L 11 ~1 11 tJhiu~l tJ ii ~ IIlflULIIU fl ii~ LiJ fl ~
Lt1tJ~LLRU Vlln~ll~mrUilflVjl1li~lRUlehtJ~II1tJ1U
1I1nVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 16-18 LiJ~~iJiilUll1tJni1~fl~nli1 IIldU flflm5tJ~LIIUfl nli1nlll~ Ull ~lll~ltilU i1flmli1LIIUflilfl~
tJ ~ ~L I1~1 I1tJ tll1Li1~~rU iI flT~ ~lRUl11UIIlLLll ~Vl I1li ~lRU liJ1 tJ ~IIltJlU
tll11I1tJltiilJ R~ IJR1Ufl ~ rlUtlU tllUi~ flqf ~ ll1~ LLll ~L i1~ ~
fl ~ LtJ U ~lIll ~~ IY Iii~r U1lilJU li ~~~ U~ ~~ll tJ ~ Ii ~ i1 lmmlrlU ~ LVl ~ 1 ~h1lilJ U li~ ~~ iJ fl~ tl Uti1 Ui LII huiJ ii~ 1 1I1nBULampi tJ 1ii~rU
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~1Il1~~IY~ 18 ru llliojU1lilJUli~~~~1111niulihtJ1l~LtJUR~n1~BU hiqf1U~ ~IIil~ tllUi~1~1 1ULflLil tJ flli1Lruil fL~~lliuml~LIIlqf ~ J ~~L~fl~i1U
LLi11U~1~1 iJfl~1I1tJ1l~~~lliUL tJUBR~~luR~tJ1mlrurU~~ fl~I11~mmllUfl iJLiJfl~Lt1tJ~URU LiJfl~~h~ LiJfl~Vl~LtJl LiJfl~IIlll~
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Amlt1hhtityIJfl~Itu iJlli~~flltJil Vltlillmllf 1781 rifl~~fllrul~mRliJlltJ
1818-1860 ojtllf~tJilfl~yjflJU~l~fhLll~~i1tfl~
iI fl Hjl iIlltJ 1U ~ ~tJ ~L1ll1 LiiitJltlU tlU ojtllf~ tJ
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2 171m nuuu14Oj1uIi1fu]MnWJ0iil ~1~ Hnu1-o11J1u1JrLgt1 ~iiU~L UL~~
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btlfJ~jlmbltt ~Ujfl~ btlfJ ~1IIjj
1893 Wj~bjljllJ1Bu~ah~n1~~f1f1limbJlJUjfl~
IIltt1~1IIjj1JfI~lI1fJ
1910 n1~ll1JI1fJ~lJnun1~~f1f1ll~1 231 0 n1~~f1f1llmbamlfiW~jjl ill~1II11fJ
2 318 Wj~bjl111nitlJj1lJl11mJlJtJnbb~lJ ah~Ujfl~
IIltl1~ 1IIjjiilllJljl
2325 bjlWj~mjnl bJlJn~1Illl~lJjl1f1~fjnl
al1~n1~l1IlJlnitlJI1i ~
2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
(King Mongkut) b~lJliilbijlJWj~jl1falJ-WlJllllJ1Il nUlJIIllillJlllh~Ib~bl1~
2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
f1~111 (King Chulalongkorn) Ulf11jtJlijjlJ
1IdlJ1InbiillJl-WIilJlJl1b~b I1~1 11pound1
iialla3TtlfifllJl11tJ (Pre Thai Periods)
~GiI1mrtJm111Wi (Davaravari Art)
illtt IJ ~mr poundI 1111 jl1~al1~ ~lJ bvi f1~lalJ lVjl1llH1 fJ lJ 111 fJ 1lJ
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f11~1l1~ bHih tJ ltl~1mlflu tlj W1lJ InljlJ tJ ltl~ tl 1 r1~ ~l 11111h iii01 tltJ ltl~ tl l~~ljhu h~ 1I1bn 11Iil 01 tluUUbil~~ bbflU ~u (StyIe
of Chiengsen) amill1l~nljlJm~1l1~bHUmJltl~1f1~lih~U1jj ltlUrlU lWiual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruiiI01 tlJ ltl~i101 tlJ I~~ojiT~ b~ltl~Bf1GVi 01 Jltl~iiI01tltllallmlojiT~d ltlllbuultll(if 2 mlbt~ ~ltl mlbt~ HO ~ r ~ Iiii 01 tl iilojiT~1Wijj Bf1G Vi 01 Ol tilUiii01 tl all~ a1Jl1~ (if~ IiU Ii ~lj I ~1 Uiii01 tl m~1l1~ bHU I Wi tJ1l1 ~ H lt1~ bri ltlVi jbij1jllJ III bbm lj iilU1ltlnilj ltl~1l1~ l(ifI1lO1 ltll1lbbH01lJlJ 01lfJ
~ftl1ffillJlf)JJ (Khmer Art)
bri rnriu iii01 tl tJltl~ btJlJjliu 1f1~ lii~u bltl1UUUltltil~f11~iilU amill1l~nljlJbb01 01I1I01l~l1InU~~lJl1 llH01l~ ltltil~ bb~l~lii~ Ubltll ~lU tlj W1lJlnljlJ tljlJma-jl~~tl b~ljVi (Statuary) b01 ~
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Vi jVjf1Ii~ tl tJltl~ all~mljl~ ~ojiT ~ bb01b f)lJj 1111~lJ In a-jl~bUuvlbiilbt buu~ tl iilHlt1niu humVjf1Ii~tl tJltl~ 1f1~ a-jl~
iimh~11I Hlnlmhl11(lnMltl btJult1nbtruJltl~mjiJuyjel~ ~~ briltliJuult1Ii~thl tlHltimu~101H dbuU~Hh~qJ~h l11bllll1lmj bbal1l~ltlltlnm~ll1lllltJltl~tlll f1~lii
itftl1ifmllffU llft~ftl1rI1m1fimi1a
ami GI OnUI amill1l~nljlJtJltl~1f1~1ujlru~ill1l iitT~ bHii ltlltl~l I1bluM ltlVijblM ~ ~ual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruv1biilbtf)Ol~ iiI01tl BUb~~ Vi ~1 bb01 ~~l T~ 1uallm il~~bbauliu 11 ll jj~~ riltla-jl~ 1Ujlru~ill1lbHiiltlltl~Ul~ u~iluiltl~llJWlU jObUUtl1 H1n ljOlj l11l~Ubjjltl~b il~~ bbau1UOlti 1~ l~~ ~~ rfi~l h~ 1I1bjl1iiHlt1n
4
1 tlJ~ltVitif1~ ti~lU~1~1 jji~1~1~L~~Ufl1 2 LiititlJ~ ltVilUUflUfl1nlJ1f1 i ~1U~O U~ untilJ~o~i~ fl1 ~ffiili ~ o1i~1 i1lt~aTlItliLDt1~fl~tl1 (A) LLuuio1i~fiI1tl1ijtJtlJlLULLpj~tur1UffiUYH ~~ 111 3 WlfI- 4
~lU~l~U~~l~~la~~au~~~~~~~ual~~l~Ul~
all U~~n~~~~ 1~1l1i1 bwQ ~ ~ ~~1~ ~ hu111qjll mHII~
~~~W~jjl al~bb~Il~~5Wa~au~~u~~~d~ ~au~~~~bll~~hXiU
lu blul~1111~au~ml~ldiii ~jlt1~ bba~b~~~ wa~~~~d~nu bii~~illntJl~l1n~lum~u~~l~~la~ bbu u~til~~aU~l1al~ bbuului~~lntiil~mildl~~til~bbjjU~Ul1 nuamu~~m~~lu btlutJ~~ail~lumj~1~
lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
l~Wu5nubbuuW~~Yj~fi~u~~~all~iju~~ ~~ll~~d~m~mu~du r~ii~a~15bWtl~ W~~bil~~fi~uth~na~ lldl~u~~~m~nUl1~~ 111qj W~~Yj~fi~Ubb uuiillW~~bfl~~lalb t1u~u~~nUdl1~ bba ~tll~ l~ 111llIH~~ a~illnW~~~~ a~bbfi ~ldW~~l~ ~ W~ ~Yj~fi~ua 1~~~~
~~~all~bb ~nad~~l~bba~ill~~ li1~ln
illn~~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 18-20 W~~Yj~fi~Um~1l1i1 bl11l ~1~u~~5Wa illn~au~al~tf~ 1il~iI~b lul~illnn1~r~ii~bull a~15~lU dl~u~~~flb~n W~~bil~~llbuadi~ll bba~tll~l~llll11
~~~a~~l~~W~~uln illnm~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 20 ~au~ n1~ail~W~~~fi~um~1l1ml1i1~rb~~bll~~a~
itIJ lhQrJ fJ~
1uall~1U~1(IJ ~~fJ~b t1ubll~~l1ii~ ~~~ ~1(IJ1~mml~ld~ 1il~lu~au~~~~~i~btlu~all~~~~ml~ld~ lui1~~l1~~~~Yj~fi ~m~~1Yti 16 l11~~U~~d~~1Yti 17 j1all~~~~~b~~1~~~5Wa b~~~ lI~~0~ln~~~iH~~~ulln1Y(IJ~btJ~~ bW~l~b11~11nU lI~~0~lm~~tJ~~ml~ld~bba~~~~b~~~l1u llildl~l~WU5nU~til~
~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
1 pJruautJa1J~1JLu~0N7~~IJ~t11 2 pJruautJa1J~1JLU~n~lt1oJ1JLn~1J f U~~tx1JiNIt~1UIllfl~1W~1n UUU~U~O~1 L~~tOttJfl~1~il~m~nULU~~1J1~tli ~jjL~1~e~mJO~1~1 yi11~tft nill~lt1M1tl~nln ~~ poundj ~1 fttl ~1tltJ~(1t1 n~ 1 Peripteral temple
3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
lmH1~hLLUUmh~~ln ~~rUi~ij~ ~tl~111L~tl1111~B~ ~igthnJ~ ~01B~LL UUi11mi111nUB~~1tlnU JULUUn1~tl1nfiJ ~mh11~i1 LUULLUU tJB~ li1~ tlBmUU~~LLtii1 L~B~LtfUiir~Ln~~uLLrimrtl 111Ll1 m111~ B~nmr tl LtfUt~mnUnUO1n6i tf 1~riB~tiUtlB~ij 1ntlI~ VlLil~1~mQW1~lu~6itJ~tJB~~nltln6i
lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
~ln~lmvlmj~L01l~W~tiil101U1 lUUl1n~l~nU 1tJJ1mtJ~~ 111tl
-rt11tJ~~riB01-j1~m~il~01U1tJB~1 ~tl LtfU 1U01ri 1yen11~ JUijtJU1~ nil~1yenlqj ~~JUi~ O1-j1~yenIltl ~111lii1tlllu Btl1~lyen11~ tJ B~t tJ~ ~ 1li1~ Q~Ju i~ 1tJ1arLUU111~~O11l~ lutuum~ 111Ln~LL UUBtl1~01miJ~tl m ~~ 1mHlu ti B~~ 1J1ntJ~ ~LW ru tJ 111~tl-j ULB1LLUUO1miJ~tl m~~ tJB~ttJ~~~11ti~1tl LL~1liin6i1mUUhULLl1n~1~iJ1111~LL~ufi J ~L UU111 ~ ~01-j1~lUL UUtJmL~U (Constructive)
ltlU~1 mniJl1tlm ~~ tJ B~1~tllu~ ~tl ~t~~liiUrULuutJ~ ~1J1~ LBm~jiJ (Monochrome) ~B~ltriB1liiul~1iW6itJB~iu i~mntl LuUWIl~~jiJ (Polychrome) LL6i~U~~1N6ihn1~LL01I1~BBn~~LL UU
I (8
4
1 ~ntJnu~fl~1Y1UeurmfLli[Juflfl~UfllfitJ1IJltnlrl jj l1JJi~1J1~t lPl11~ li]U
iln~~u ~~U~OlJi~~11Ibullbull~OU~Lii~~mi1~~n1IJ(A) 2 1UftJJU fiflJJ1 Li1lt~fu iiYlfin~ lIfl~iil i1lllflJU11~ fifilmJ ft11J~u t~JjiimiN LUU1~ ~jj Lt1a~U~ riu~utJLuuoiu1 Oth1L n~un~1 mUlaquo1nLL~ (B)
3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
- - ~ -~ shy4 fl 01i1 fit n11JlllJilJlulJIU ~n~IY1ffi~~n1UY1NIQlIIl~l1l1l1 ~ ClJtUJUIJllt)-3 11JJ
LU uil n~~u -0 L~1~ ~r~d~mo ~~il niiuuoilnlffiJuutJ ~o
mh~ tJltl~iiltl tI~mh~ L~lJ~ lumJUltlfjfitJ11lJVfnfii1Wljjlt~ 21
Lrimdi1u fInBWltl tJ ltl~ iilJtJlJ Ljldiltl~Ylilljrulii~ iJelL iI iIl~ h ltllmj~mllj~ltll1~di1ubJ riltl111Lii~jjmj~mL~~ltl1~ltllU Lla~ jj n 1j1tillVIal ulI Q~tJlJ tIlJ tll~~ri ltlltll1~di1Ul~tlfil~tlij~L~m rllJ fllJn iI ~jj LlUU mj 1~ ila tI ~lI ilU lI~ rllJ di~ iI ~L1llJldiillmllJ
a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
LUlJdilJ fl1lJll1j~ltlh~~LUlJ lJjtJlJUUlJ ~mL~~libu a1~alU lJ jlJ
(Stucco)
LlU u ltlti 1 ~ila tI ~ tJ ltl ~f11l1L VIU ltl tJlJldiUllJ 11tl1lJltlm tJ ~u flj jlJ tJ ltl~ 1mfu di1U Ill mjllULltl1ltlmtJ~unj jlJ tJ ltl~L tJlJ jlJ1
ltll1~ LUlJtI jl~cent1 jjl~tltlj~ltl~il~ltiLtilJL~U1rlU ltlUti LLUU tIjl~il ~ltl1U~1lJ~~ltl~~1~lJVI151~ Yl~~lan ~ltllJl1lJltllJUltlfjfiUl~ltllJ tI alfJ Lla ~1lJ ltllJul~lJ 1nillJI11 I1j~tJltl~W j ~LiI~6LLa ~Wj ~t1jl~il
ltl~tI ~a~tlJ n1 lL~lJ it ~nl1 I1tJ1~lI11lJL UlJtJnLl~lJ tJ fl~Ll UUL~lJ 1tI lIiGi IIInjj II ~j ~ rllJ iJ1lJ rlU ~ 1lJltlmtJ~u fljjlJ ~ 1lJ
tIj ~~lJlnljlJtJ ltl~1 tJI1U1~jjll11lJalJ~lJfirlu tJltl~L tJlJj di~ ldimh1
Lli111 W j ~W I1fijtlm~fl1l1 LVIi) ltlJ ltl~ 1I1utJlJ jjll11lJ alJ~lJfi1lJ LLUU ltlti1 ~ rlU tJ ltl ~ ltlirUijtl~~ LL~l lJltllJU1tJ I1U tIj ~~lJl nl1I1U
- tIl - 1 1 ltlj 1 ~ LlU UW j ~Vj 11 5l tJlJlJ 1 ~1lJ lI 1 1lJlnLa ltllJ ltl lJ W j ~Vj 11 fi
il1ltllJ1 Lla ~lI11lJllImLti~L iffltll~mh~LlI1i1l~ Ljl11 ltl1 iI tl~ tllJldiLLUlJltllJh lIlJ1I1U1mlrultllJultJI1utJlJ
ldiLLU UW j ~Vj I1fil tI ill n1VIlJlJ lltlil~W j ~Vj I1fil tI LUlJLLUU 11tJ 11U
tJ ltl~~lJ illJ LL~L jlltl1 lalJUItjllJldih LtJ l1dill11lJ tJlJ~la1i1 ~~ ltll1~ LlU U llnW j ~Vjl1 5ltlm~fl1l1LVIU ltl lI~lJ~fllJ lL~ flWj ~ltl~ ~ i~mldiLtlllJ lt~afllJWj~Vjl1fiil1ltllJl1lJ1tJI1UldiulLLUUWj ~Vjl1fi ltllJlJL~Uua~i~mL tlllJldi1Uit ~ldi1I1l111lJtJlJma1i11VI~LLriilaUlJ ltl1tJI1U Wj~WI15jtlit ~illtl UlJ1I1U~~ltlll~tlJtJlJ L~lJ1tldiUlI1lJ
-illnlflui~ 1lJwl1~il1ltllJ1Lta ~lI11lJjjt1~ii~1i1 tJfl~illtltJlJ i1n~ru~
2
3
1 L6ltl1JLL1JUllUU1la~eUpoundJitllitJjjimtuWLAMtHfl~n1
2 LtUDtl~rujUtlqlltJ1tlth)tJ~111 jj49J~D~~ )J11ln LLuueU11UIiItlnrnjYIHJl1P1lwUtl
urntiULf1nu L~~r~UU qll~
31uftj~ti ~ti~1~tiUUfl1 ~ ~tI~ftj~ ~uLn~Ull f ~L~ ~ ~1~nfl1~Luua~ ntiftr~1I1 ~
l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
iiia 11~tI f1~ lt11tII1tnlUhumhtlYlflI1JJlf1rilUnUilI1imiJJ1Yltl LLa ~ if~ fl~jj f1~ ~a f1I1JJ 11U~~Uiila 11 mtllll~Iiitl lii~liULilf1lilmi1
lliii1iiiauU1tII1tllIiiLLltlI1~fIf1 0 ~ ~ f11iJJ tUfllJJ i~o tI fI ~ yj 1 ~1Yl tl
llhnUiila11LtJUltlri 1~~ ~
Lfl~iNilU6iUun ~lI1~am~iila11~tIltl~1Yltl1mlru~uu i ljjfl lJJ ~ 11~ lJJ ltl ri 1 ~ ~ ~ 11 i Lll YlllU ~ M ltlLfl ~ ltl ~ iJU~U L~ 1 tI ltl ~ ltIiifllamLa lt11tII1tllU~Yl li~I1ii~~ 19-20 ~ ~LtJU~i~oflUiii
bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
110U~H tJU ~~h lll ltl1lHjj ~n yj 1~110U~~ Iiitl al1altl ~Jl111a
u ii111~OmL~o I Lfl11 ltl uliitl ~Lti tleiltlUliU1jhwlulUvHimi
~~ LUJilmjjltllltJ1U LL~flillt1Ulil~~
itilumJmJfJl5fJ1 (Wf1 1890-2310)
ltI(llij~tlO~ ltlU1Ul1tlOiiJJtIltl~ltI~tlltl~litll~UUtlJJ 1jill1mL~~ LtJU~llj~ii ri ltlJJ LLIiUltlUi1iiia 11 ltI~ tlltltl litJ1UUlliiiu BYlll~ a ill 0 iill ~ ~jj i ltlU tlJJ m ~ illll01i I1mL~~ LtJUvlL~jf liU
ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
flU tU 1U~Ylti~I1iijf~ 21 ltltl tirll11iimialUWillU lmim~ lt1m UI1tl OiiJJ ltl til ~ LUJJJ~ U ii1111Ultlli 1ll1i ~ i ~L il iiili ~ i 11il~ii 11ilalYlilll~ lliiltlil~~UhlifL01tl11llJJI1 LVitl~U~ Y1il01mlruamU~Lll11 ltlltl~liUfth 11Lil ltl~Uh WUltlrl
~lUthUlYlal1alri (Ornamental works) tlfI~a~tlltlfltitJ1
liUjj ijru~hm~iiImJ~~ ~ ~ ~ ai1~ tUltlril~JJ 10JJ1rllliiLui ~1U til ~ lall ~lULLnn ~lULfl~ltl~O ell LLaLfl~ltl~Lfl11ltlU alllULfJ~ltl~ Lfl11ltlU~~li~1tltil1U11i~L Yl~iiU uaell~ ~jjal1altl61~111thlU
thLYl~BULiiitlliU h~lYlmtJU~ltlltlOU UUal1alri (Designs) ua
il (Colour) il~Iiiltl~(iltlilLtJUiilatl1Yltl
~1ULii~~1~J11JU~~U~~fi~1 iuLilu~ bullbullljl~1bullfu~bull bullbullh~~~U 1Lu~1ufeln~ul~bullbull~ilulm mII1t1lbullbullbull1~ 1J1JLtJ1~iumru~uunuulu1u~nutJTilu1numU~
h iiill1 fliill UUU flth~~j VP1ti~t1 tJ fl~ fltl tilllt1llL~lJ illmflJmil1fl~ I1ifllJlj~ldiu Bl1ii~ilillnLLu U~j~l1tijtltJfl~allll
il~Ul LLil allll a1tJl11l LLI1iLLUU ~alJ tJfl~eil1fl~ LLil a1 tJl11lt1ll1l1diij
~ ~ ~
~ru~lm~jiltl a~ L~jljiltl 2 alllliiLL~nl1il~rllllJlnilllllfllil jlJLihmidillrlllldi lll~l1tiifmjw~ 2 3 ldiijmjal~~j~l1ti j 11 rlll1H~t1II ~ n uUU lId ~ ij iinru~ alJ j lI-il~ jil 11 a1tJl11lrlU il~ 4l ull11il ~n11UUuri flll LLl1ifil~ijljruiilm~jil11 lJlmJn
L~ jl ~lll t1j ~flijlJ111l1L~lJ LrifllJ il ~ 1II ifmjji l~ll~1t1t1ll
~j111 fjjtl allll flll fjllltJ l~~rualJU~m~lJj~m~LLil~~1il bull U ~ I
~ iii jn jjll tJru~ll tJl1l1LtJllijll iin ill~ tJfl~nll11 j~lJl ~jj~t1ll fltl tilllfiLtJllijll iin ill~ tJ fl~~~jflijlJ eillnll~~jmjlJ 1111 L~lJ dilllJ lillnmj iilH iin illllLllllUllullll i1ll (Engraving) 1l ~
LLUu~~~a~LtJlltJfl~~l~i1ltilJ ul1~a1tJl11l lll~l1fj~mjw~ 19bull I
I1ifllJ lfildiuri1ll~L tilllli1mjlllllL~ fl~ l~j1Jll (B uddhist Cosmoshy
logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
~jt1jl~iil~jltiUjru ij~Hl~~jll~jmflll tilll L1111 tJ fl~~flll dill~l1 ti~ mjjIt~ 20 Illnll~ ~jmjlJLlIihi1il~ Lti llllldiLii ll llj 11
~ II ifllL11 llH~ H illllH~ eiIIL11 Illii~ 1il ~ Lti ll IIall1l11i fllJ1 Ii ~iJ ~lJ Lti llll1ll~~ jVj 11 fj ~ 11 L1111 LLm ul1i ih~~ Hi flij~ j almi~~lllJij fl
fl~lil~ Iihlli1Lflm~ii ~lLiJlljflll~llJ l~ll~t1jl~illnmjUll~n Hiiny1 II Ljlj~ all iJ1ty 11111 nll~~jmjlJ ~l ~11~ LA mrlu fl~ii t1jnflU1l1~Ua~~lliL~llii~L~fl~til~nHiflVjl1titlj1ampit1ll lliiL~lJ t1llLrifl~fllltlillll Hifl~fllldillVjl1tiif~jj~ 21 nll~~mjlJ ~1~11~~~Ujjil~il~Pl~1lljH11~Vjl1tiif~jj~21 i1 nll
~~jmjlJ~l~Vjl11tiajjii ~~111~~jll~ji1lfltjtilll eillL1111 tJ fl~
Fle] wmfr 223
~~UU~lu~n5~~~~~~ 20 ~~~~~u~u~n5~~~~~~ 22 ~U l~ llllu1~fi ~ ftllJ UAJnIii1~rlU ~ti 1~lJ 1n1U ijruii1m~i~ U~ll~ ~Ll uu mh~ mhii~nu1ijlll~m~lJltiuul~ui~tJU~~lUflU~til~h~Gi
lrlm~ IIulUU lViu u nu1ijlil~m~lJirlu nu1ij~~m~lJ II ~~n1~l n~i Illlul~il nu1ij~~n~~lJII~~~U5Ulnlft~~n1~tiHlii~uifl~ei~u
huII~~n~~tn~i Ju lli1utl~uAolnml~II~~fl1~~unihtribull aunl~f1un~~~~flUflflnlJl
nu1ij~~m~lJlnulmlrunttuuu~nlii1~rlUfl~ 2 ttUU iiifl uuu~ii ~t ti fJU~U iJil fl yj1~ tYUi~~llJ U~~t~ru tiluuAn~ru ~Yi1m~ u~~tft~fl~uIii~n1UIIfl~~n l11U~~f1flU l~uri ~Utm~lUl~vhtt~~
r Qgt d III
~~~lJ~ln~~~u f1llJ~~nlJIIfl~1l1~IIUflJnu~IiI~lUt~UflU
U~~rulileiflU~lUU~ ~iJil flnu lUtuluul~rlunuiijlil~m~lJ IIU11i1 dIn (Miniatures) uuu~ 2 Ju u~IiI~l11d~ufi~fl1~ftU~l~qjttiuu ~ufl ti1~ ~ ~ ~ ~U ~1~llnnlJmrui yj 1~ tti UUu~ 1iI~f1llJ i~n fl flnlJ1 liiUflllJ l~~ llflUilillli1ihl m~a~mlilllfl~i~tJU1mlruJu lilt) tt~ ~tMlJ1u~u m~lJruifUflUtUuVlt~ltlIi1U tO~l~IIfl~f1U 1nulmlru
Vlilm~lJlii1~1 illli1u~~hlU IIUdUUl1 ih11 tt~~n1~~tiflU
1l1ii1~1 flUtuuill~IIfl~ tlulIllnuJu u~lnJfl~lunu1ijlil~m~lJ uUm~~1iI1lJ5~~lJ tllamp1i~~~u ~ ~mll11f1llJUUlill~ httrim~ ~il ~nu fl~~ u~ ~n~u 1ij1ll~m~lJ 1J1r~ ~~u l~lJllii
~iJthff3rfrrIi1U Inituni ~tl1illilunnJ ujflm~~flu5ulfi~uriflllJVlul~t~U~lU
luuA n1~5utll1~luuuft~~~~IIfl~1rlU luluu ~~ 2325 1~n
m~ ~i 1~n1~ ln~~~ ~lJ 111Ufl ~ ~Ut UU ~1 tl51il flU ~u nlJ ~U111~ lliiilm~~il~1111~Ufltil~lJlnlJ1U tt~~tuum~ttliufluil i~tJu llnflfj5Ul1liilJlthnu1un1~tn~i ~U ituu~~ hilqj~rhl11t~1 ttilh lliii li~U ~11 fl~~~U1IilUlnllun1IilflU~uJuil1nltru~t11il flU
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
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jl1f1~jijilJ (Chin) 221-207
almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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illlt1njJow~L tilJbampitJ1rllJ
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
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Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
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3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
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a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
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IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
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1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
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1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
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ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
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lllii~Gitl1 uii
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lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
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1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
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ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
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238
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i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
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mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
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Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
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a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
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btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
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0
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~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
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(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
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1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
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111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
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ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
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fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
i11au1ilu1l1lJutl~milUtJ~ b~~liiu lIa~~1lll1~rltf1 Ulii~ ltIt
ilm1tfll1~ tJ fl~ qj iJu~~~ ~u tu1u ltf aartJ tJ fl~~ lI1~1 iji1 Sui~o (593-628) W~~U1~ Suiko ~fluii1u1Jl11~m~bjjfl~111bbrib-i1tf1tJ
Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
b~ 1fl1Jmhdflti1~n11~ lliii1 qjiJlI~afltJl1l1~ulIdi-lalJ~ ultl ~ili1llli~~~ tJfl~ ~lI~11 lIt)naartJ u11iri11lii1111I1tf1dqjiJlI~l1lb 1l1
- 0 Jn1 ~blI ~~I1l ltl u ~tJfl~I1llltJlI~ 1U1~
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~ fl tJ fl ~ il0lUUnOl th~ 11 j~mtl1mjtl bbOl ~l~tI bUIl1 ~nOl th~ ~ ~
~ ~ j n j jtl jj tl1ntl1 tIil 11hi fl 1il ll1t11 n oi 1111uli il1amphi~ VIti ~
1u~~jnjjtltiul0llh~ Tosa bbOl~ Kano jjfl1t1hiiqj~l~ lmnu~vHi1~l~tI bUIl1 ~tJ fl ~ ~ 111~~ jmjtl tJ fl ~ tU iJu iii fln1 jbii tI 11
1l11l flu1ijj biUbbOl~ltiUOl~bBtI ~itIWU5nu nu11j~mtl1mjtltJ1t1
Vfnlii11U1~1t1 bbUU11 j~b IltU tJ fl~tUiJU Ii ~jjfl1t1 tlntl ~ ~tiu fl~l11 j~Vll1~fl~Iili1~jj~~ 7-8 bb~11 j~mtl1mtJ1tUiJujjfl1t1 1t11 jl1Un1 jbb~~flflnli ~fl1t1Fln fltj 1~il~~~1t1lijjtltJ 1m jj
~1U11j~mtl1njjtl311flUtJfl~fl~Iili1~jj~~12 UOl~ 13 fl1il
b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
Renaissance hi 111t11IiiElniIlOltJfl~iiju miJ~tlmjtltJfl~tUiJu hib~tltiuflth~il~~lij~lufl~Iili1mjw~7 1uu fli1 624 1Iiib1i~ ~Uiin0l1~i11u1tiuii~ 4 4 6 bb11~ lV11jl1~ tiu UUflOlfl~j1nli ~ bUUriljUOl ~b1jjlj1U1Ujfl~ojU
ITo NARA (710-785)
U1j1bUUbjj fl ~~U iin0l1~I11 ~i11U1 bbOl ~n1jbjj fl ~ tJ fl~tU iJu
111 fl~ 1ili1~j j~~ 8 bUU~tJau~ ~ 1Vlqj tJ fl~ i0l 11 ~bbOl ~i11U1 l1i~~b itmnUl1 Tempyo 1Ubjjfl~U1j1jjuuu flth~miJ~omjlJ ~~jmjtl bbOl ~11j ~mtl1mjtl~bfhbbfi~l~tJ fl~tUiJU lV11j~l1~ liiol1liiifllV11j Horyuji l1~luu fli1 589 ~n1yj1V11lbl1oVl101u
U fli1 650 bbOl~l1~tiu1V1ti1ufl~Iili1~jj~~8 tiubUU1V11j
l1lbfhuri~l~ 1ulOln 1Uj~tI ~b~tlbbjn ilOluuiijutlTyhnu1utUiJu
bb~Il1O1u1ti thilOlUUtUiJu ~rhnu tJ fl~ ~Ubfl~ 311 fl~1i ii~jj fl1tJ bri1uriUOl ~ 0ntl~l ~tlUVlii~ iii fl 311Il j ~IJJ ~1~j ii (Mai treya)
tJ fl~IltI Suiko Ii ~1Iiiojufl1t1UU~10l1ilil1nu uUIlj~IJJ~l~jiitJltl~ bn1V1~ nU11j~mtl1mjtltJltl~11j~mtl1m Kuratsukuri elu~~lV1qj iii flllj~Vjl1li311h~~elu~~ntl 11j~m~pu ltl~1 U1V11j Horyuji
jj311Iljdllii~1 2 tJ1~ Ilj~Vjl1li311 Yakushi (~in~1flUVln1j)
~fl~l~~u~11~~nvr (Peonies) ~flun (CanaJy) 16lviljj~~ Hokosai flUUqiljU
tJnv1V fi n1OilU~U ~ nttnltiui1ufl1ril1lI IIrUftiluqjlju i1U~U1 1lt~01~ luuuu
ii~lj~t1Vi~~lVi5a~leJ~ 2 ih~ ihlJlnliil~t1m~lJtilL~YftJeJ~ifltl 11 ~1 till1i~lihtl
tll1qjiJlifmiddoth~nlIJ~~~lJlm~lJliiltlYIeJ~hl~ VII 11 In
Lm~m~~l
~11i ~~m ~ lJ tJ eJ~if1 tl 11 ~1 ~ 1~ tilIJif~~ 1ilLlll fi~ BYI5Vi ~ iil~ 11 ~tJ eJ ~ BlL~ U ii ~ tll11Il11 ~h 1liilj iil~ UI BlL~U ~1 ~i111liilJ1
rh~l111qjiJI al1~l1i~~m~lJ~l1 Ltil ~t1tJeJ~ Sri Devi (Kichijoten)
l11111~ y akushiji Uli~ll~ll11LlJl1JUUtJeJ~qjiJll~mLI1 l111~ Kondo Toshodaiji iill~lfhlJllJuuifmU~Um~lJ
ellifltl ~llJ tJ eJ ~qj ijl~ La tl ILLUUifm U~ Um ~lJ tJ eJ~ il ifltl ~1 til ~ ~ Tang
ifliu JOGAN (794-890)
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Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
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Ultl~ih~qji~ BiJtJlm~tJ1nUrlj ~iljollf (111jltJtU) Ln~tJjalll1j (Vishnu with the Churning of the Sea of Milk) f11rlilHoin~IIi LLail~hhlllii~IIjna1jjiiuiBilltJ1lJUoil (The day of Judgment)
tJ 11 100 LlJilj il ~L lll ~in ~Y11i11llJ ~ii i111lJ allBti1IIa1jjii ~111 ~in ~Y11i111lJ l11fhoi~ fiJ nlJ (lil lilni ~tf 1n1lJ ~11 jn
mrlilH~n~IIfln~111Hii~tI11lJj~lJlru 100 LlJilj uail~ii~ nljjU Y11iilna~i1jllJl11L~B~jllJL1itJjiilUltl~l11L~B~lJHlmjil~
LlJ~tJ ULlitJ Uf11rlilH~n~IIj~Hh~llB~ujlJlll11(jnullB~
lJWlilUltll tI fl~lJ~ ~lilb tJlJiilau ~lilnulii~lJlnn-h (Decoratives)
bLIiifjj tlililiiillllualil~ flfl n chfJI1 fllilll1LlIlJIlI1ll1LLa ~~11lJ LtJlJ
iillQ~fJ ~ tI fl~ tlllbtllJ i flth ~ bLIiIl~~
5 allilalfJ l111olnilmLIii~iilJjjfl~~11uflth~lJlnlJlfJ1ilJbtJlJ
~L ii1hl1bvi fl~11lJ~ ~l1lJ lfJ 1ilfJLl1lJ 1 ~alJ bvi fl Il ~lilnLLIii~lilatl1 UlilfJm~lJ11111~ ~ ~fl ol~ n1~ il1tiLvi flll ~u ~~mlilu~~tTlJrllJ rlU lil
m~li
eJIlQ ~fJ ~atl1uijn ~blJ ~illillJ~ illiliilfliiim (Divikara)bull
1hohnmi31 1i~11imhlultl111 nlJUi~~lJlm~lJtlfl~
al1fJfifllJbtllJ ~ (Pre-Khmer) JlJUi~aU ~11lJ alJjl11leJl11lJiilau ~ btJlJmh~ll1tYl1al~ llJal1fJbtllJ~ (Khmer period) JlJiilaUlJbtllJ~ lliu i ~l eJ a ~ 1lJtI fl~ 1illJti~ iflJ~ alaii~ ua ~tT~~ ~mnltlnjjUI~Ylblljj
tI fl ~ Ui ~~lJ lmilJ1UilU1Hlli U i~~lJ lmilJ tlfl ~ btlmJlJ t)bb ~ ~ nll~~I1~lill1i~~UlJfln LLa~~11lJ~~n~Ualil~flfln ~i~~I1fi~U tI fl ~ btllJ i 1 jj ltlnl+UI~Ii~millii(lbm1ilJrllJ 1i ~a~Ii fllJ111LlIlJ ti~ m~lJcU~11lJ ~~ntl fl~tlllb tllJiflth~u lill~~
l1ol~llln~I1filllilli~jj~ 18 lUbLltIl iilau ~tlfl~btllJib~lJbafllJ IiifllJ lii1au ~ tI fl ~1111]1Iill1BI1il~ ltlbbriiilau ~tlfl ~b tllJ ~ ~i ~~I1ll ~u
tI fl~ btllJ ~flIiBI1fi~a~i~~ I1fi~U bbUu11tIlfl] Ji~ bblli~I1llllil1~il+ ~ 20 btJ lJ1ilJlu tlllLtllJiUUi fllllalJ1illfJ HlJ1J1lJ
lJl]iila iJ mirlfllJ11 LLa ~iilau~ui~fjntil ~mlltJ1t1fl~b tllJi
IllUIl lJU IllJlJiitT~~ ~ all]nlJ1Jjbb~1UilUI
1lllth (Champa) mifJ II ~ilJ tI fl~U ~~b I1l1(flJ U1 (eJlJUlJl1lfltyllJ1lJU llliilJ)
JlJjjlJ1btJlJWlJtJ llilllJll~ilJ tI fl~ ~lJHibth~ ~fl U~ i fl ~Ui ~bI11l(flJUl
Ji~ ulliri fllJ~ ~atil~ml tl bLa ~l1ol ~ ~ ~atillllilliijj~ 1 4 (~I1fillilliijj ~ 19) 1lJ~~1111~~I1filllill~ijj~ 7 i~ ~I1llll(ilii~~ 18 tlll
i1lJ lJ11lii1u flYIil~nl1 ~li1llJ lijjlJil1nfllJ~~fJ 1lJlllJfJ1Jj1WWln
il1lJiiii1lJ1ilYI1~YIH1jlJ1n illJm~ti~1lJ~YIlii1i11jjlj~ 15 ~ln iilJ lI1fJ Tonkinese llii~ ih fj ~fljltl ~ltl1W1~ tJ~ tJltl~~lnil1lJl1~HlJ ~
Uu bl~h1lJlJ 1~ln il1lJr1~ItJ1ampil LJ
~i ltl~ il1n~ln il1lJ1mtJ1l1riltlll11~iH1j ~~~lniilJllii~11l1fJ i H1j~afJH1 fJ lImiJ ~fJ mjlJ tJ ltl ~ il1lJ ~ ti~ iN ~ Hii ltl ltl tiillJ YInllJl ii ~ iiUltlfJ
V
1 H1jtJltl ~ il1lJlJlJlJ IInljw~1l1~ ltl fJ 1 ~ il1l1fJn U1H1j tJ ltl ~ tJ ~11
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dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
~llLJ~tJltl~~im Mison ~~ll~ Don-Duong bl~~YIfjil~ljIj
~ 12 blll~ 15 ~UlJjllLJ~JlJ~~ (Classic) hlJjllLJ~tJltl~~iltl~ Binh-Dinh ~ ~ltl~llJ~Hh~ ~ll 1643-204 3 JlJ~UlJjllLJ~llfl ~~ltllJ
~ln il1lJUUiim11l1lJ1nlJlil~UlJhlJ1mlj ~YI1lll1l1lJ1r1ii ~
UUiim Hi ltllJ tllJ lii~ LJ1nlhiiiH1jiJ1fJ~ YIllil1l1lJ1ltl ~ ti Donshy
Doung
thLflAlflu tJlJ tJ 111YIfJlliiltl~ fJ~ il1niill~~1lJ~m~ fJ ~ lliitJltl~ LJ ~~ YIlliilJ
~ tT1lJ 1aLJj~~YIil1YIfJ~~ LL~lIl1fJ 1Uj1Wmll 1lJ~YIIlllmjjlj~ 11 tJ111YIfJlliill11~ ltl1W1i1mti1lJ~i1t1lJ1lJtilJlJ1lJ (Yunnan) ltl1W1
i1nliiil11lJhi1IYI1 ~ LJ jdampill1l1~ilJ 1n blll ~llii~n~11l1fJl~fJ nUl1l1hlJ (Kublai Khan) 1lJ~YI1lll~1jljti 18 tJ111Y1fJii1liiltl~ ltl~ fJ~il1nblflllJti 1lJ~i1 ~ tT1lJ1tl~ LJ~LYIll~ ~jj 1blll ~LJ~LYIll1YIt
~UlJii1lJ1lJlJ1n
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tJni1 ~fl~fllrul UlLlru1l ~ LtJU tJ~ ~L I1Al11 tJiJ II ~ uUil iJLijfl~hiqf1 lifl Ui1~tJ~~ ~I1fl~ llVl(~ (ll~H) ltl1iU 1ll1 ~lltJ~i1fl~R~tJ
1111 ~ l1ampi llii1iill1fiVlll LLri ~ll tJ ~111~ LIIUfl iI fl ~IlltJ IihtJ
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~lj 11tJ IIIn III flUtii iJ fl ~ tJ ~ ~L 11 ~1 11 tJhiu~l tJ ii ~ IIlflULIIU fl ii~ LiJ fl ~
Lt1tJ~LLRU Vlln~ll~mrUilflVjl1li~lRUlehtJ~II1tJ1U
1I1nVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 16-18 LiJ~~iJiilUll1tJni1~fl~nli1 IIldU flflm5tJ~LIIUfl nli1nlll~ Ull ~lll~ltilU i1flmli1LIIUflilfl~
tJ ~ ~L I1~1 I1tJ tll1Li1~~rU iI flT~ ~lRUl11UIIlLLll ~Vl I1li ~lRU liJ1 tJ ~IIltJlU
tll11I1tJltiilJ R~ IJR1Ufl ~ rlUtlU tllUi~ flqf ~ ll1~ LLll ~L i1~ ~
fl ~ LtJ U ~lIll ~~ IY Iii~r U1lilJU li ~~~ U~ ~~ll tJ ~ Ii ~ i1 lmmlrlU ~ LVl ~ 1 ~h1lilJ U li~ ~~ iJ fl~ tl Uti1 Ui LII huiJ ii~ 1 1I1nBULampi tJ 1ii~rU
1lilJU li~ ~~ iI fl~Ill tJ Ii ~ 11U fl ~ tlU n1 ~URIIl~flflnl11~Vjl1fitlqfqfl iI fl~ BU Lampi tJ lib tJ LL~Lj fl ~ IIIn tIUtilUi1l ~ ~l~tlUL tJUtJmL~U 11U1mUVjl1li
~1Il1~~IY~ 18 ru llliojU1lilJUli~~~~1111niulihtJ1l~LtJUR~n1~BU hiqf1U~ ~IIil~ tllUi~1~1 1ULflLil tJ flli1Lruil fL~~lliuml~LIIlqf ~ J ~~L~fl~i1U
LLi11U~1~1 iJfl~1I1tJ1l~~~lliUL tJUBR~~luR~tJ1mlrurU~~ fl~I11~mmllUfl iJLiJfl~Lt1tJ~URU LiJfl~~h~ LiJfl~Vl~LtJl LiJfl~IIlll~
Vl~~U1~ ~~U~tJ~~~lruVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 15
Amlt1hhtityIJfl~Itu iJlli~~flltJil Vltlillmllf 1781 rifl~~fllrul~mRliJlltJ
1818-1860 ojtllf~tJilfl~yjflJU~l~fhLll~~i1tfl~
iI fl Hjl iIlltJ 1U ~ ~tJ ~L1ll1 LiiitJltlU tlU ojtllf~ tJ
2
44
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1 Lffl1ULllft1 (Club-house) tItl~tUJ11JJiIJtUt1JJ1f111
2 171m nuuu14Oj1uIi1fu]MnWJ0iil ~1~ Hnu1-o11J1u1JrLgt1 ~iiU~L UL~~
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3 ~uuthu1gt1~-iiU~LUL~~
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1J fI ~Ii flY lJj llJ rllbb II~ Ii fI IIlJ bll ~j 1 fJ ah ~ bil fI ~
btlfJ~jlmbltt ~Ujfl~ btlfJ ~1IIjj
1893 Wj~bjljllJ1Bu~ah~n1~~f1f1limbJlJUjfl~
IIltt1~1IIjj1JfI~lI1fJ
1910 n1~ll1JI1fJ~lJnun1~~f1f1ll~1 231 0 n1~~f1f1llmbamlfiW~jjl ill~1II11fJ
2 318 Wj~bjl111nitlJj1lJl11mJlJtJnbb~lJ ah~Ujfl~
IIltl1~ 1IIjjiilllJljl
2325 bjlWj~mjnl bJlJn~1Illl~lJjl1f1~fjnl
al1~n1~l1IlJlnitlJI1i ~
2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
(King Mongkut) b~lJliilbijlJWj~jl1falJ-WlJllllJ1Il nUlJIIllillJlllh~Ib~bl1~
2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
f1~111 (King Chulalongkorn) Ulf11jtJlijjlJ
1IdlJ1InbiillJl-WIilJlJl1b~b I1~1 11pound1
iialla3TtlfifllJl11tJ (Pre Thai Periods)
~GiI1mrtJm111Wi (Davaravari Art)
illtt IJ ~mr poundI 1111 jl1~al1~ ~lJ bvi f1~lalJ lVjl1llH1 fJ lJ 111 fJ 1lJ
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rnlfru~1Jf1~1IlJbf1~lJln~lJ ~1lJ IJj ~~lJ In jjlJ 1JfI~airtJI111jl1~ii UlalJllbJlJVib~lfJlJbJlJ~llJh~1I ~lJb~11vl bbltt ~lJiJlJ ~ ~bba1l~ 1I1b j 1 bjlJ1~1i~r nlfru~Vi b~jf1J f1~ biffI If l~b UlJ f1~ 1~ ~ ~ ~ illtt IJ ~ I111j11~ bUlJalJ n1 j ltl111]J 1J fI ~ n 1jIifI ~~ afltt Ii1 ~ n1ja l1 ~W j ~Vj 11 Ii
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middottiFmiddotmiddot
1 pji~1Uf1-1 (Side elevation) ~EI-11~1lLlIlJ t111-1fffl1lJtJtlll~fl~1 2 LLUUtJ1111111tl-1lUI LLflll-1 ~uil~inMtU~ LfIlML1hultJlriunuu 71-31fII e-1 LtIll LLlfi
11tJmiddot~titJY1ft1 i (A)lnll1mi1U1U~nL1li~1IJtJr~l1ril ~OUti ~rUi1u L~ ftfl~~~1~tiOM~ Li1UztJL~1J 3 4 i~J~huUflt1-1I1lJlltl-4)~1IIlJl (3) lInLLliHIiltJItlllfl1t1ti1UUwmuJu ijpj)
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LliiOfltlUWJ1ln-J1
fitftl1mJllmirTII (Srivijaya Art) bri m~ l1j1l1ii~WJ 1lJ lJ WU fi elUIn lt1pound 111 tJ ltl~ tlj W1lJ InljlJ
f11~1l1~ bHih tJ ltl~1mlflu tlj W1lJ InljlJ tJ ltl~ tl 1 r1~ ~l 11111h iii01 tltJ ltl~ tl l~~ljhu h~ 1I1bn 11Iil 01 tluUUbil~~ bbflU ~u (StyIe
of Chiengsen) amill1l~nljlJm~1l1~bHUmJltl~1f1~lih~U1jj ltlUrlU lWiual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruiiI01 tlJ ltl~i101 tlJ I~~ojiT~ b~ltl~Bf1GVi 01 Jltl~iiI01tltllallmlojiT~d ltlllbuultll(if 2 mlbt~ ~ltl mlbt~ HO ~ r ~ Iiii 01 tl iilojiT~1Wijj Bf1G Vi 01 Ol tilUiii01 tl all~ a1Jl1~ (if~ IiU Ii ~lj I ~1 Uiii01 tl m~1l1~ bHU I Wi tJ1l1 ~ H lt1~ bri ltlVi jbij1jllJ III bbm lj iilU1ltlnilj ltl~1l1~ l(ifI1lO1 ltll1lbbH01lJlJ 01lfJ
~ftl1ffillJlf)JJ (Khmer Art)
bri rnriu iii01 tl tJltl~ btJlJjliu 1f1~ lii~u bltl1UUUltltil~f11~iilU amill1l~nljlJbb01 01I1I01l~l1InU~~lJl1 llH01l~ ltltil~ bb~l~lii~ Ubltll ~lU tlj W1lJlnljlJ tljlJma-jl~~tl b~ljVi (Statuary) b01 ~
itft 11IrllI
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iimh~11I Hlnlmhl11(lnMltl btJult1nbtruJltl~mjiJuyjel~ ~~ briltliJuult1Ii~thl tlHltimu~101H dbuU~Hh~qJ~h l11bllll1lmj bbal1l~ltlltlnm~ll1lllltJltl~tlll f1~lii
itftl1ifmllffU llft~ftl1rI1m1fimi1a
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4
1 tlJ~ltVitif1~ ti~lU~1~1 jji~1~1~L~~Ufl1 2 LiititlJ~ ltVilUUflUfl1nlJ1f1 i ~1U~O U~ untilJ~o~i~ fl1 ~ffiili ~ o1i~1 i1lt~aTlItliLDt1~fl~tl1 (A) LLuuio1i~fiI1tl1ijtJtlJlLULLpj~tur1UffiUYH ~~ 111 3 WlfI- 4
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all U~~n~~~~ 1~1l1i1 bwQ ~ ~ ~~1~ ~ hu111qjll mHII~
~~~W~jjl al~bb~Il~~5Wa~au~~u~~~d~ ~au~~~~bll~~hXiU
lu blul~1111~au~ml~ldiii ~jlt1~ bba~b~~~ wa~~~~d~nu bii~~illntJl~l1n~lum~u~~l~~la~ bbu u~til~~aU~l1al~ bbuului~~lntiil~mildl~~til~bbjjU~Ul1 nuamu~~m~~lu btlutJ~~ail~lumj~1~
lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
l~Wu5nubbuuW~~Yj~fi~u~~~all~iju~~ ~~ll~~d~m~mu~du r~ii~a~15bWtl~ W~~bil~~fi~uth~na~ lldl~u~~~m~nUl1~~ 111qj W~~Yj~fi~Ubb uuiillW~~bfl~~lalb t1u~u~~nUdl1~ bba ~tll~ l~ 111llIH~~ a~illnW~~~~ a~bbfi ~ldW~~l~ ~ W~ ~Yj~fi~ua 1~~~~
~~~all~bb ~nad~~l~bba~ill~~ li1~ln
illn~~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 18-20 W~~Yj~fi~Um~1l1i1 bl11l ~1~u~~5Wa illn~au~al~tf~ 1il~iI~b lul~illnn1~r~ii~bull a~15~lU dl~u~~~flb~n W~~bil~~llbuadi~ll bba~tll~l~llll11
~~~a~~l~~W~~uln illnm~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 20 ~au~ n1~ail~W~~~fi~um~1l1ml1i1~rb~~bll~~a~
itIJ lhQrJ fJ~
1uall~1U~1(IJ ~~fJ~b t1ubll~~l1ii~ ~~~ ~1(IJ1~mml~ld~ 1il~lu~au~~~~~i~btlu~all~~~~ml~ld~ lui1~~l1~~~~Yj~fi ~m~~1Yti 16 l11~~U~~d~~1Yti 17 j1all~~~~~b~~1~~~5Wa b~~~ lI~~0~ln~~~iH~~~ulln1Y(IJ~btJ~~ bW~l~b11~11nU lI~~0~lm~~tJ~~ml~ld~bba~~~~b~~~l1u llildl~l~WU5nU~til~
~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
1 pJruautJa1J~1JLu~0N7~~IJ~t11 2 pJruautJa1J~1JLU~n~lt1oJ1JLn~1J f U~~tx1JiNIt~1UIllfl~1W~1n UUU~U~O~1 L~~tOttJfl~1~il~m~nULU~~1J1~tli ~jjL~1~e~mJO~1~1 yi11~tft nill~lt1M1tl~nln ~~ poundj ~1 fttl ~1tltJ~(1t1 n~ 1 Peripteral temple
3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
lmH1~hLLUUmh~~ln ~~rUi~ij~ ~tl~111L~tl1111~B~ ~igthnJ~ ~01B~LL UUi11mi111nUB~~1tlnU JULUUn1~tl1nfiJ ~mh11~i1 LUULLUU tJB~ li1~ tlBmUU~~LLtii1 L~B~LtfUiir~Ln~~uLLrimrtl 111Ll1 m111~ B~nmr tl LtfUt~mnUnUO1n6i tf 1~riB~tiUtlB~ij 1ntlI~ VlLil~1~mQW1~lu~6itJ~tJB~~nltln6i
lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
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almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
i~iUJ tI OJ ~ tI tltll ~ ua ~byItll[J ttlltI~ eJtlb~lJ 1tI ffi fJlll1li lJ OJ poundh~~ ~ ~1~ltI~lUl9lfJnlJl~ltI~~~~tl1191fJu~n~tlOJ~i1llJ~l9It1OJ~
tltlttl~~ ua~tlOJ~i~i1lJlh~1 ntl
ntl~l9InilJb tltle-lal9le-laeJIIbn 19Ii11n~19I1i1 bbli~nj htltl ~shy
ampilJlnilJJtl~OJ~b tltl~b t111i1il bOJn1l1VieJtltl~ltl1tlnalJn~II eJtl
bnl9lillnlJ01~1[J1 il1n-~tlm~ni ~u OJn eJIIll ultlh tlOJ~ eJlVi[J
illHltln ~tll1Jtl btltl ~1tl illHltln a lm~tllJ lnnil iI ~b tltlntl illHltln
tI ~ampilJ lmlJ ~m Hij1~~ hieJ1i1btIi [J Ubfi[J untltl ~ampilJ InlJ
tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
11~~ tIII OJn tI OJ~ ni ~m~ltill 19I ~111 hl1lU1tl~1tlVl5ni lJ eJtlbtltltlOJ~ltI~l~~IIb~OJ 200 tJriOJIIi1lltllilm01 ltJbl1OJ~I1~Jtl 111
ltill1~ UtI ~b VitUbbli~ UiVi Uilt lJli1tl thuiIiI UII1 1tl ~Hil~[Ji1 qq ~
i~b1JOJ~tlOJ~ltllJmY~u01~ltllJfJIiOJ~ blfiu~blIIl~ilu~llni~m~ II ~tII1~b Hll OJtlnUltlmHU~tlOJ~ni ~m~1 UilWfl~ b~ m tl1J[J Ubfi[J U
~ tim ~ tI OJ~m ~~ 1~ bmil1nU~ Itl ~l9Ini lJ ttl ~p tI OJ~ltllJmi~ bba ~ IiOJ~ blfibtll1i11~il tI~bVitUJtllluI1U111OJpoundil~1mil101~bbrii101tl~ tlOJ~illbtitlh ~ltli101tlnilJtlfl~tI~LflmOJ~ (Minor Art) tlOJ~itl
U l e-I01 ~~19I1tlm bbltll9l~ flflnii ~flllJiitnOJpoundil~lJl1ffil ii nll
illa OJ~u01o1flmil[JtlbbUUntli101tlttl~~JII Ultll9l~1libltlti~i1llJ i)[J lJ tllJ tl OJ UOJ poundi 1~ ~ ~~ll fl ~ urintl~II bbUUeJtlm [JnlJ btltlbbli bbYi
tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
i1 l ltlliln 101 UlJili1hi bri lUribl1ll OJtl n uti lampiffllt11911 tI OJ~ ~f1t11i1
bb01 tI OJ~ blJ1lt11tI bl9lbll [J r11911lJ tI b11 ffiltl fill e-I 011tl I11~~lMnl ltlnltwJi~ bampilJ tI OJ ~ 19Itll1l~ iltlti ~ UiI iIUII
Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
lh ~tl1if~UrhtfUti1itJltlU lh~tl1if~U1 iii fl tJ ~ ~au n1 ~itn a~ il ~ l~ fl~ ti fltJil~ ~ ~tilaltJ~~lilnl11~jatJ ~tJfl~tllUihU 1my tittJl1ll11tJ~U
a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
t tTl~ l~tJ ~ ~t M~Ur lill~ tIUtlll~UlhJ~tJitJUililU il~ ttUU fl~tlU l al1tiillaflUtJfl~tJ~iltta~tl1alilflfltJlilafllil~l
tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
t1l 1I ua~liULi1ill LL~fIl15ViaLmhiillii(lmjflll llillljauU~U il~JUbull Lfl~jatJ ~tJ fl~~U 5~ Inlilruanru~tJfl~lilU1i1liiLnflu 4000 tJ
tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
tJfl~tllllil~lUflflmUU~ 2 ~fl~illntJ~~Ll1AliULi1ill lil~~tlU ii l~tlU tllllil~lUliln~ ~iJlI~ tJ 1I 111fllrulLtJlilLLa~iT~
~UilUInaUlU tllliUlnUlULnliltJ fl~lilU ua ~tJ ~ ~nflU Ii~~nil L~ lJ1
tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
IUUlll~liIm Mitsunaga 1ij1il~mbVmlli~RlliiilIil1~~ltr1 12 IUU
tI~lJlill~li~IitJUll1~r1IltJn Makimono ii ~il~1iI1l1~ l~~~m~il
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1U ~tJ ii ~ij ~ ~tJ ~11alBUlUi iiatl~liillUU 1tllilllJ uUUtJil~ ltflltJ Fujiwara (~ltlh1Jn)
ara KAMAKURA (1185-1333)
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(Massive brackets) ~ltiUtJltJRl BUiiUiJeJnlJlilln~~~Iil~li
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llllrulU~~frU~IiI~llJ~~1Jn Fujiwara Takanobu (1140shy1204 AD) IUU1ijIil~mll1~IHjjilU~~~lmyr11iIr11itJUll1~ bHjjilUtJil~ Minamoto no Yoritomo
nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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3 4 ~o1t1un=~~~1bull-7~til-J1jjn=L~lLi1uonu~tiluufi1I1Jl~1
1
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U ~ ~~1 ~ 1lJ IJ ~ ~~~ 1 n ~ ~~-ijl11lt1nijlJ ~1 U ~ lu~f~llJldluri
1l1yj-ijl~rn~nu~~OlUlJYl111~iiOl~dl1tJrilJ 81 b~lJ 1l1yj)111oln
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11 ~il ~ tilJ1~tJ ~h~ BlJb~tJ ~~~ ~lJ~ 1lJOl ~jllJyj ti1
nlliillljmjiIl nlJii~~m~~tJOl~yj~jh~t1~blliiOlOl~llJb JlJ
tJOl~il~~lJllJ~~II11~yjYli~~1~~It~ 16 UltI~ 1 7 bb~~l11b1lJii~ rnltU~iIltIIJ ~tJ Ol~l tJn ltI 1~ (Mediaeval) bbltl ~lt1 nltu~~l~ UUU
IJ ~~b yj tU (Conventional) 11 iltJl1 i1 ~ri UnlJii ~~m ~~tJOl~ blJ lJl ltI
bbltl~b U~fl OlltI ~ 1lJii ~~ m~~ tl il ~~lJ tJ Ol~yj ~jhiir mju~b tilJb~tJ1rilJ
riu tJOl~1YtJ mh1ii Ol bJlJbbUullu~Ol illnIJ~~byjtUbbltl ~llbeJ1i1lt1IJ ~
u UU IJ~ ~byj tU~l~~bb IJltI ~ 1I1b iflriU nltU~iIltIIJ~tlil ~ ~lJ1~tJIi11IJ
nllttUl (Cambodia) ~lJ lin tJ Ol~u n IJ ~ ~1~~1~1~lJ nlti1111 tIlJ til ~1 m lu~
Ol liltJ Ol~llJ Ol lul btJ ~~OllJ ldltJ Ol~ IJ~ ~b Y~rilJj tllUltI ~111 illJ-1tIIi1
(Cochin-China) tlill~lJiiiiOltIlJtll~xiUlJ(Funan)
J1tlfleJIlLlJiIlj yjnllf1ll1jntii 9-14 (Pre-Khmer period) I I I
dl~U~YjYll~m~~1jIi 6 bJlJdllJlJl tll1BlJb~tJ ldl~l~~iilJJllJ
Ol~tlJIJ~~bY~~1~1 m~BlJb~tJ Inltl (Further India) IJ~~m~ri~jtll
bJlJ IJ ~ ~b m111ii~ii ~ l 11 BlJ b~tJ ldlbif1~ 1 IJ n 11 ~ Ol~UltI ~1I1B Y 6yj
lV1llJ ll~ ~~ tJOl~ BlJb~tJ uri tll1bii Ol~ ill mJ liltJ mlJYl~(lltl~tJ
m ~~ tJ Ol~lltJ riOllJb tJ~ ~ ~t1~b lliiOl eJ~~l~ b~lb 1lJldl11ii lt1n1jU~ tJ Ol~BlJ b~tJ l~tJ blyj 1 ~ ii Ol illn Y ~ ~ ~ IJlJ poundIn tJ Ol ~ IJ ~ 1~ 11 (Lingashy
prang) illnlJllultI~IIU1~1~1uti (Indian cell amp Chaitya-window)
~ 111 lJ ~ampilJ lmlJ 11111 anVlllUIIlJ~ ~ii1 ~ltI ~~ ~iru 11 ltlltJJlJlhUII tJ il~lll1~ ~111 IIlllJtJii lJ 11111ammhii~lJ 1lJ1ii1tJ 111lJ janjj tli~ l ~11l lt1 ~jj anru~~l11 lJ ~ampilJ InlJ tJ il~ tJlJ
il poundi 1~ 11Il~~ ~ ~vfl1n UUij lJ ~ dl1liiJmA11l1n ~11 ~m tlllJ1~
tllJ~ til ultI ~bb UII illl--h th~ tllJ~ tllllll~~ ~~ llnlJ tJ il~~11 ~11 U q OJ
1~ tJmiltJ uUUilpoundi1~ IIIn~~~llnlJ lllJtJII lJ ~ ~tJ il~ ~IIb~ ml11bil~ 111~ml~Vjlln~~1~ 12 ultI~ 13 lliibn~ll~IllJ~I1il~
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111lJ buIItJnu~11 tJil~illrul lijmbtJlJUUilb~IIb UIIbiln111
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il~ llrutlllilpoundi1~lJ 1nlJ1tJUIIbil~
btJlJjj ~mlltJ~lJ In1IImbfluJ1111tl1IImb~ l~lJ~n bjil~ IllnjjmtIltIlJ~mll~amplbtJlJii~lJ~ntll11IiiMultl~ 3 I~~
ffl llll1 (Religion)
tll1btJlJUUiiil~~ii1~ bbltl~~ ~itl btillbamplmtllltlU all5
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11 an bbli~111lJb ~illiIIm~l~ 11l n~~tJ11iilun lb~l~ilb UIIii1 ~ bbltl ~~~itliJ1~llJ lbn~ 11~il ljjflbiJIImd~5a~1 brimll~1l ll1 ~ ~ bba1 ~~ lJ tJ il ~ n ~~ il fI Il ~1Iiilu 111Utllbti IIbll1lJ
Iii~rIIb il~i111 tJ il ~ btJlJ ii ~ il 11llJ ~ampil111 lJ~ 1~ tJ il~ ~ 1llll1
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3 pJ~~U (Gallery) i1H Youl UU -Corbelling )1i11m i1gti1IJ Ujl-3)j f1J1)J ntlN-11 riLntl-3Rl-3R1~ UJ IlLIntri1~1 n1f1-31VlujjllLl1~ntj1-3~1 mlLl
1uun11L~ Corbelling Vaults )jfl111~n7~li11~ i-3tiUlIfl-3Ll14t-1Jifl-3L-na-3fil1W
4 5 LLUULR1LVl~tI)JlIfI-3LlI)JI ufI-flJLlflLiiU1If1-3flJ~fl1U~1~n~LR1
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Lflm1tf lJo1 I1nI1Ufl1 U1Jm Ltlll ~n(lllLilflll o1~ tJ~L flillflm~ll
~ill IJ~~ ~U lliitl nnfl~YirlhllMll~ tf11101lt1~-l~ IULtlll~ (ifl~ti1t1 Ujfl~l101l~ I1nU~ ~ llll1tJt1~rlUllL tJlJ
)11
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1111~ lJU Ltl1f)L01 11 tJ ~ ~Il~lUill di~ il 111 ltllltIQ
rlll~ tl1jjU~~ llllLlUijUtln O1l~
1240-1432 LUUltlltllltltlfl~rl~Lij1BJml~lJUfi 1 jjLjjl~ Roluos LUULjj fl~ l101l~ ltIi1~i111~fiLlJ fl~rl ~1~ LL01Ujfl~lJ1nfl~ (Pra Ko Bakong)
1432-1443 LJUitlltllJtltlfl~rl~~ij1t11lt11~lJUfi 1 m~LJJ~ lllY11~n1~tlO1tJ~YI1U ltli1~Ulfl~rlUlllJ1Ln~ (Phnom
Bakheng)
1471-1484 ~UUitlltllltltlfl~rl~Li1titll~llJfi 4 ltli1~Ljjfl~ l101l~lmjiiflUjfl~1t~~tJ~fi Kha Ker
1487-1511 LUUltfltllJtJtlfl~rl~Lij1~1~tfUfI~1~llJ ltli1~LLjj
lJflUilJflfln (East Meban) IJtJ~jrl (Pre Rup)
L~01UUfl1t1~1t1 (Banteai Srei)
1511-1544 LJUitlltllltltlfl~W~Lij1titll~lJfi 5 ltli1~i111~ YlLUn1il (Phineakas)
1545-1593 LlUitlltllltI tl fl~W~ ~ij1lt1~rn~lJJfi 1 ~lJtlJ1 fltI ltli1~i111~i1LUh (Ta Keo) lminlJU~~llll
ilJ1h~ (Portal) 54middoth~tiUlihJLIIL~mi1LlJ1
2 ri1lflLiltJ~lIpound1~Lft1Litw
3 a1a1tJlIpoundILlI1-J1trQ~lJl1 uiJd1l1illn LLPi~~Cl1UfJnT1)11 llrr LLlJiriiil~li1-J-)
ftmulUn=1~ ~~tulhttJ
204
VilULLltl~LL~UflUil~lUiln (Baphuon and West
Mebon)
1656-1693 LtJUlfltll1poundJ tJfl~Vii~L~lltl~mil1U~ 2 ltlll~Ujjililbull LU~LuiLLltl LLltl~UUYI1poundJltl1IJLL i (Angkor Wat Beng
Mealea and Bantei Samre)
1720- UjjitiIJ~nhIJmilpoundJVilmmJ
1724-1761 LtJU lfltl11poundJ tJ fl~Vi i ~L~lll poundJlil1U ~ 7 ltlll~hl1i VjYItiA1ltlU1~U1poundJU (Bayon) lUU~mlllVl1iLri1 ltll1~lVl1iil1ViiIJLLltl~Vii~t1U (Taprohm amp Pra
Khan)
1823- 1Y1 poundJ poundJnnfl~I1Vi Lii11ni1ULtJIJiLtJUjj~LL in
amul1lpoundJnIJ ltlmUl1IpoundJniiIJ tJfl~LtJIJiiijjl1IJL tJUunLLIiU
LtJUfl4ltlirU lVl1itJfl~LtJIJiiiLfln1l1Viii~1ULLtJ ltlULLltl~~tJm~ LLlJi1
I dliflu LLU Umh~lJ111ntJfl~BUL~poundJ LL~ltlmtJUntJfl~L tJIJi~llifltlll~
~lUltlmUilpoundJniiIJ tJfl~l1IU t1UlJ1LtJULLU UtJfl~L tJIJi Vli~jj 1 tJfl~L tJIJi
LLltll1l~ 1l1LlUii~ BYIfiViltl tJfl~~U UiLltllriLVI~ poundJIJ ~ll)lltl-i ~jjl11LlL tJU
LLUUtJfl~LtJIJiLfl~ (Original) iifl~tJjj1t1 lt51UinjjtlJ~ LnU LltllLLUU
(Caryatids) tJfl~Vinn~mLltl~bl1U i11UUlil~tJU1jj (Balustrades
with nagas) ~tJU1~eltJltli~ltl1poundJ~1IJ ~tJU1jjilnLLi~VlU1~1 LLltl~ lltJ i~tJ fl~BUL~poundJ-i~L tJIJillifU1Lfl1IJ 11tiIiiIilLLtJltl ~L tJU tJi1~i1 ltll1~t1U il1IJ~IJlVl1i Lrlfl1l1fl~i1tJi~nflU tJ fl~ ltlmUIilpoundJniiIJjjjj11IJLtJUun
LLIiUUltl ~jjl1IJ bjlhlf1miifllil1 JULtJUnUell l~poundJ ~tJ fl~LtJIJi
llilpoundJ~11tJm11 Li1fJ11nlti111lifi1 LtJIJiltl11~lVl1itfU 2 LLUU
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205
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111 jB~U lJjl~ii B~i11 HqjH~Brlj~lLlJjil ~tJm 111 tflll l11
HlJ ltJii~j ~U U ll B~~ni1lltl
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nUIIi1jlilLOltJ
ImHII~h ~tl hulqjlJEl~U fl-1Gl ii ~~l9iElllJil io f ~
1 i1ltlBlJjBU lJLIIBI1 1500 x 1300 LlJilj
2 ~1~tl11 (Causeway) iijl1Uulil~lJUli1 iI~ii~Iijj~B~ ilj~liil1111l~Lih (Entrance)
v t x 3 tflU (Terraces) ltl(lHltlunll 3 tfll tfllUjnlJLIIBI1 215 x
187 LlJilj iii111lJa~j1lJnll~~i11 6 5 LlJilj Lvimui~ltll11~I1AUtJ ~ ~ t l11t11 tfl11tflll1 2 il~a~n11tfllLLjn Ultl~tflll1 3 na~n11tflll1 2
i bull bull
tfl1111~ 3 ~IIUoiBlJjBUii1tJiH1ji1il (Galleries) iHlji1il~IIli 2
LLltl~tTII~ 3 iilJjl~iilJj~Uiljol11Btiilj~lJlJ (Comer towers) ilj~ ~
n ltl1~ f111 tTII ~ 3 iilJjl~ii B~iilJj ~(jl11L IuLBn (B1il lJj ~Uijjl11
LI11~lJH~~iil1ii~ii) ~ ~ bull v ~ 4 lHlji1 illlB~ tfl11 tfllUjn lJf11rlillHltlnllllilmLil~lJj~tJ~
d shytI11l~ 600 LlJilj ~~ 2 LlJilj LtJIILjB~jllJLntJjilLLOl~lJHlf11jil~
Ultl~ih~qji~ BiJtJlm~tJ1nUrlj ~iljollf (111jltJtU) Ln~tJjalll1j (Vishnu with the Churning of the Sea of Milk) f11rlilHoin~IIi LLail~hhlllii~IIjna1jjiiuiBilltJ1lJUoil (The day of Judgment)
tJ 11 100 LlJilj il ~L lll ~in ~Y11i11llJ ~ii i111lJ allBti1IIa1jjii ~111 ~in ~Y11i111lJ l11fhoi~ fiJ nlJ (lil lilni ~tf 1n1lJ ~11 jn
mrlilH~n~IIfln~111Hii~tI11lJj~lJlru 100 LlJilj uail~ii~ nljjU Y11iilna~i1jllJl11L~B~jllJL1itJjiilUltl~l11L~B~lJHlmjil~
LlJ~tJ ULlitJ Uf11rlilH~n~IIj~Hh~llB~ujlJlll11(jnullB~
lJWlilUltll tI fl~lJ~ ~lilb tJlJiilau ~lilnulii~lJlnn-h (Decoratives)
bLIiifjj tlililiiillllualil~ flfl n chfJI1 fllilll1LlIlJIlI1ll1LLa ~~11lJ LtJlJ
iillQ~fJ ~ tI fl~ tlllbtllJ i flth ~ bLIiIl~~
5 allilalfJ l111olnilmLIii~iilJjjfl~~11uflth~lJlnlJlfJ1ilJbtJlJ
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m~li
eJIlQ ~fJ ~atl1uijn ~blJ ~illillJ~ illiliilfliiim (Divikara)bull
1hohnmi31 1i~11imhlultl111 nlJUi~~lJlm~lJtlfl~
al1fJfifllJbtllJ ~ (Pre-Khmer) JlJUi~aU ~11lJ alJjl11leJl11lJiilau ~ btJlJmh~ll1tYl1al~ llJal1fJbtllJ~ (Khmer period) JlJiilaUlJbtllJ~ lliu i ~l eJ a ~ 1lJtI fl~ 1illJti~ iflJ~ alaii~ ua ~tT~~ ~mnltlnjjUI~Ylblljj
tI fl ~ Ui ~~lJ lmilJ1UilU1Hlli U i~~lJ lmilJ tlfl ~ btlmJlJ t)bb ~ ~ nll~~I1~lill1i~~UlJfln LLa~~11lJ~~n~Ualil~flfln ~i~~I1fi~U tI fl ~ btllJ i 1 jj ltlnl+UI~Ii~millii(lbm1ilJrllJ 1i ~a~Ii fllJ111LlIlJ ti~ m~lJcU~11lJ ~~ntl fl~tlllb tllJiflth~u lill~~
l1ol~llln~I1filllilli~jj~ 18 lUbLltIl iilau ~tlfl~btllJib~lJbafllJ IiifllJ lii1au ~ tI fl ~1111]1Iill1BI1il~ ltlbbriiilau ~tlfl ~b tllJ ~ ~i ~~I1ll ~u
tI fl~ btllJ ~flIiBI1fi~a~i~~ I1fi~U bbUu11tIlfl] Ji~ bblli~I1llllil1~il+ ~ 20 btJ lJ1ilJlu tlllLtllJiUUi fllllalJ1illfJ HlJ1J1lJ
lJl]iila iJ mirlfllJ11 LLa ~iilau~ui~fjntil ~mlltJ1t1fl~b tllJi
IllUIl lJU IllJlJiitT~~ ~ all]nlJ1Jjbb~1UilUI
1lllth (Champa) mifJ II ~ilJ tI fl~U ~~b I1l1(flJ U1 (eJlJUlJl1lfltyllJ1lJU llliilJ)
JlJjjlJ1btJlJWlJtJ llilllJll~ilJ tI fl~ ~lJHibth~ ~fl U~ i fl ~Ui ~bI11l(flJUl
Ji~ ulliri fllJ~ ~atil~ml tl bLa ~l1ol ~ ~ ~atillllilliijj~ 1 4 (~I1fillilliijj ~ 19) 1lJ~~1111~~I1filllill~ijj~ 7 i~ ~I1llll(ilii~~ 18 tlll
i1lJ lJ11lii1u flYIil~nl1 ~li1llJ lijjlJil1nfllJ~~fJ 1lJlllJfJ1Jj1WWln
il1lJiiii1lJ1ilYI1~YIH1jlJ1n illJm~ti~1lJ~YIlii1i11jjlj~ 15 ~ln iilJ lI1fJ Tonkinese llii~ ih fj ~fljltl ~ltl1W1~ tJ~ tJltl~~lnil1lJl1~HlJ ~
Uu bl~h1lJlJ 1~ln il1lJr1~ItJ1ampil LJ
~i ltl~ il1n~ln il1lJ1mtJ1l1riltlll11~iH1j ~~~lniilJllii~11l1fJ i H1j~afJH1 fJ lImiJ ~fJ mjlJ tJ ltl ~ il1lJ ~ ti~ iN ~ Hii ltl ltl tiillJ YInllJl ii ~ iiUltlfJ
V
1 H1jtJltl ~ il1lJlJlJlJ IInljw~1l1~ ltl fJ 1 ~ il1l1fJn U1H1j tJ ltl ~ tJ ~11
mi11iiiltliiYJj~~ulJ~nJ1i1Ii (Cubical Cell) ~~iiLJj~lil~ih 1 LJj~lil blll~ii~LJii1HltlnYlJ 3 lii1lJ Hltl~iniH1j~LJm1fJ~bH~fJlJ (Pyramishy
dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
~llLJ~tJltl~~im Mison ~~ll~ Don-Duong bl~~YIfjil~ljIj
~ 12 blll~ 15 ~UlJjllLJ~JlJ~~ (Classic) hlJjllLJ~tJltl~~iltl~ Binh-Dinh ~ ~ltl~llJ~Hh~ ~ll 1643-204 3 JlJ~UlJjllLJ~llfl ~~ltllJ
~ln il1lJUUiim11l1lJ1nlJlil~UlJhlJ1mlj ~YI1lll1l1lJ1r1ii ~
UUiim Hi ltllJ tllJ lii~ LJ1nlhiiiH1jiJ1fJ~ YIllil1l1lJ1ltl ~ ti Donshy
Doung
thLflAlflu tJlJ tJ 111YIfJlliiltl~ fJ~ il1niill~~1lJ~m~ fJ ~ lliitJltl~ LJ ~~ YIlliilJ
~ tT1lJ 1aLJj~~YIil1YIfJ~~ LL~lIl1fJ 1Uj1Wmll 1lJ~YIIlllmjjlj~ 11 tJ111YIfJlliill11~ ltl1W1i1mti1lJ~i1t1lJ1lJtilJlJ1lJ (Yunnan) ltl1W1
i1nliiil11lJhi1IYI1 ~ LJ jdampill1l1~ilJ 1n blll ~llii~n~11l1fJl~fJ nUl1l1hlJ (Kublai Khan) 1lJ~YI1lll~1jljti 18 tJ111Y1fJii1liiltl~ ltl~ fJ~il1nblflllJti 1lJ~i1 ~ tT1lJ1tl~ LJ~LYIll~ ~jj 1blll ~LJ~LYIll1YIt
~UlJii1lJ1lJlJ1n
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tJni1 ~fl~fllrul UlLlru1l ~ LtJU tJ~ ~L I1Al11 tJiJ II ~ uUil iJLijfl~hiqf1 lifl Ui1~tJ~~ ~I1fl~ llVl(~ (ll~H) ltl1iU 1ll1 ~lltJ~i1fl~R~tJ
1111 ~ l1ampi llii1iill1fiVlll LLri ~ll tJ ~111~ LIIUfl iI fl ~IlltJ IihtJ
1UVjl1 li~ 1Il1~IYf 13 ~ lt11~~~ljl1mLli~ tI ~11 iJiilU1II
tJni1~mUIIll~~ll1~ ii1 tltJ lLtJULiJfl~lhjhy 1lilJU li~~~ i1fl~
~lj 11tJ IIIn III flUtii iJ fl ~ tJ ~ ~L 11 ~1 11 tJhiu~l tJ ii ~ IIlflULIIU fl ii~ LiJ fl ~
Lt1tJ~LLRU Vlln~ll~mrUilflVjl1li~lRUlehtJ~II1tJ1U
1I1nVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 16-18 LiJ~~iJiilUll1tJni1~fl~nli1 IIldU flflm5tJ~LIIUfl nli1nlll~ Ull ~lll~ltilU i1flmli1LIIUflilfl~
tJ ~ ~L I1~1 I1tJ tll1Li1~~rU iI flT~ ~lRUl11UIIlLLll ~Vl I1li ~lRU liJ1 tJ ~IIltJlU
tll11I1tJltiilJ R~ IJR1Ufl ~ rlUtlU tllUi~ flqf ~ ll1~ LLll ~L i1~ ~
fl ~ LtJ U ~lIll ~~ IY Iii~r U1lilJU li ~~~ U~ ~~ll tJ ~ Ii ~ i1 lmmlrlU ~ LVl ~ 1 ~h1lilJ U li~ ~~ iJ fl~ tl Uti1 Ui LII huiJ ii~ 1 1I1nBULampi tJ 1ii~rU
1lilJU li~ ~~ iI fl~Ill tJ Ii ~ 11U fl ~ tlU n1 ~URIIl~flflnl11~Vjl1fitlqfqfl iI fl~ BU Lampi tJ lib tJ LL~Lj fl ~ IIIn tIUtilUi1l ~ ~l~tlUL tJUtJmL~U 11U1mUVjl1li
~1Il1~~IY~ 18 ru llliojU1lilJUli~~~~1111niulihtJ1l~LtJUR~n1~BU hiqf1U~ ~IIil~ tllUi~1~1 1ULflLil tJ flli1Lruil fL~~lliuml~LIIlqf ~ J ~~L~fl~i1U
LLi11U~1~1 iJfl~1I1tJ1l~~~lliUL tJUBR~~luR~tJ1mlrurU~~ fl~I11~mmllUfl iJLiJfl~Lt1tJ~URU LiJfl~~h~ LiJfl~Vl~LtJl LiJfl~IIlll~
Vl~~U1~ ~~U~tJ~~~lruVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 15
Amlt1hhtityIJfl~Itu iJlli~~flltJil Vltlillmllf 1781 rifl~~fllrul~mRliJlltJ
1818-1860 ojtllf~tJilfl~yjflJU~l~fhLll~~i1tfl~
iI fl Hjl iIlltJ 1U ~ ~tJ ~L1ll1 LiiitJltlU tlU ojtllf~ tJ
2
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1 Lffl1ULllft1 (Club-house) tItl~tUJ11JJiIJtUt1JJ1f111
2 171m nuuu14Oj1uIi1fu]MnWJ0iil ~1~ Hnu1-o11J1u1JrLgt1 ~iiU~L UL~~
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3 ~uuthu1gt1~-iiU~LUL~~
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1J fI ~Ii flY lJj llJ rllbb II~ Ii fI IIlJ bll ~j 1 fJ ah ~ bil fI ~
btlfJ~jlmbltt ~Ujfl~ btlfJ ~1IIjj
1893 Wj~bjljllJ1Bu~ah~n1~~f1f1limbJlJUjfl~
IIltt1~1IIjj1JfI~lI1fJ
1910 n1~ll1JI1fJ~lJnun1~~f1f1ll~1 231 0 n1~~f1f1llmbamlfiW~jjl ill~1II11fJ
2 318 Wj~bjl111nitlJj1lJl11mJlJtJnbb~lJ ah~Ujfl~
IIltl1~ 1IIjjiilllJljl
2325 bjlWj~mjnl bJlJn~1Illl~lJjl1f1~fjnl
al1~n1~l1IlJlnitlJI1i ~
2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
(King Mongkut) b~lJliilbijlJWj~jl1falJ-WlJllllJ1Il nUlJIIllillJlllh~Ib~bl1~
2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
f1~111 (King Chulalongkorn) Ulf11jtJlijjlJ
1IdlJ1InbiillJl-WIilJlJl1b~b I1~1 11pound1
iialla3TtlfifllJl11tJ (Pre Thai Periods)
~GiI1mrtJm111Wi (Davaravari Art)
illtt IJ ~mr poundI 1111 jl1~al1~ ~lJ bvi f1~lalJ lVjl1llH1 fJ lJ 111 fJ 1lJ
il ~bbjnMtll1BWltt llnilltt IJ ~airfJ f1lJ jl1~ ~f1lJ liij~ l~llnilltt IJ ~airfJ
~ IJ 11 ~ 1J f1~ lilJb~tJ 1Ilmh~u b~lJ bbjn illttUlJairpoundI 1111 jl1~bii tJlJbbUU
nljall~Wj~Vjl1Ii~IJllnairtJ~IJ1I~f1~l~bbl1l~~ ~f11 lJliij~~f1tJi1
rnlfru~1Jf1~1IlJbf1~lJln~lJ ~1lJ IJj ~~lJ In jjlJ 1JfI~airtJI111jl1~ii UlalJllbJlJVib~lfJlJbJlJ~llJh~1I ~lJb~11vl bbltt ~lJiJlJ ~ ~bba1l~ 1I1b j 1 bjlJ1~1i~r nlfru~Vi b~jf1J f1~ biffI If l~b UlJ f1~ 1~ ~ ~ ~ illtt IJ ~ I111j11~ bUlJalJ n1 j ltl111]J 1J fI ~ n 1jIifI ~~ afltt Ii1 ~ n1ja l1 ~W j ~Vj 11 Ii
~IJI11~1l1il bIIilfl 1JfI~111pound1
middottiFmiddotmiddot
1 pji~1Uf1-1 (Side elevation) ~EI-11~1lLlIlJ t111-1fffl1lJtJtlll~fl~1 2 LLUUtJ1111111tl-1lUI LLflll-1 ~uil~inMtU~ LfIlML1hultJlriunuu 71-31fII e-1 LtIll LLlfi
11tJmiddot~titJY1ft1 i (A)lnll1mi1U1U~nL1li~1IJtJr~l1ril ~OUti ~rUi1u L~ ftfl~~~1~tiOM~ Li1UztJL~1J 3 4 i~J~huUflt1-1I1lJlltl-4)~1IIlJl (3) lInLLliHIiltJItlllfl1t1ti1UUwmuJu ijpj)
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LliiOfltlUWJ1ln-J1
fitftl1mJllmirTII (Srivijaya Art) bri m~ l1j1l1ii~WJ 1lJ lJ WU fi elUIn lt1pound 111 tJ ltl~ tlj W1lJ InljlJ
f11~1l1~ bHih tJ ltl~1mlflu tlj W1lJ InljlJ tJ ltl~ tl 1 r1~ ~l 11111h iii01 tltJ ltl~ tl l~~ljhu h~ 1I1bn 11Iil 01 tluUUbil~~ bbflU ~u (StyIe
of Chiengsen) amill1l~nljlJm~1l1~bHUmJltl~1f1~lih~U1jj ltlUrlU lWiual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruiiI01 tlJ ltl~i101 tlJ I~~ojiT~ b~ltl~Bf1GVi 01 Jltl~iiI01tltllallmlojiT~d ltlllbuultll(if 2 mlbt~ ~ltl mlbt~ HO ~ r ~ Iiii 01 tl iilojiT~1Wijj Bf1G Vi 01 Ol tilUiii01 tl all~ a1Jl1~ (if~ IiU Ii ~lj I ~1 Uiii01 tl m~1l1~ bHU I Wi tJ1l1 ~ H lt1~ bri ltlVi jbij1jllJ III bbm lj iilU1ltlnilj ltl~1l1~ l(ifI1lO1 ltll1lbbH01lJlJ 01lfJ
~ftl1ffillJlf)JJ (Khmer Art)
bri rnriu iii01 tl tJltl~ btJlJjliu 1f1~ lii~u bltl1UUUltltil~f11~iilU amill1l~nljlJbb01 01I1I01l~l1InU~~lJl1 llH01l~ ltltil~ bb~l~lii~ Ubltll ~lU tlj W1lJlnljlJ tljlJma-jl~~tl b~ljVi (Statuary) b01 ~
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itftl1ifmllffU llft~ftl1rI1m1fimi1a
ami GI OnUI amill1l~nljlJtJltl~1f1~1ujlru~ill1l iitT~ bHii ltlltl~l I1bluM ltlVijblM ~ ~ual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruv1biilbtf)Ol~ iiI01tl BUb~~ Vi ~1 bb01 ~~l T~ 1uallm il~~bbauliu 11 ll jj~~ riltla-jl~ 1Ujlru~ill1lbHiiltlltl~Ul~ u~iluiltl~llJWlU jObUUtl1 H1n ljOlj l11l~Ubjjltl~b il~~ bbau1UOlti 1~ l~~ ~~ rfi~l h~ 1I1bjl1iiHlt1n
4
1 tlJ~ltVitif1~ ti~lU~1~1 jji~1~1~L~~Ufl1 2 LiititlJ~ ltVilUUflUfl1nlJ1f1 i ~1U~O U~ untilJ~o~i~ fl1 ~ffiili ~ o1i~1 i1lt~aTlItliLDt1~fl~tl1 (A) LLuuio1i~fiI1tl1ijtJtlJlLULLpj~tur1UffiUYH ~~ 111 3 WlfI- 4
~lU~l~U~~l~~la~~au~~~~~~~ual~~l~Ul~
all U~~n~~~~ 1~1l1i1 bwQ ~ ~ ~~1~ ~ hu111qjll mHII~
~~~W~jjl al~bb~Il~~5Wa~au~~u~~~d~ ~au~~~~bll~~hXiU
lu blul~1111~au~ml~ldiii ~jlt1~ bba~b~~~ wa~~~~d~nu bii~~illntJl~l1n~lum~u~~l~~la~ bbu u~til~~aU~l1al~ bbuului~~lntiil~mildl~~til~bbjjU~Ul1 nuamu~~m~~lu btlutJ~~ail~lumj~1~
lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
l~Wu5nubbuuW~~Yj~fi~u~~~all~iju~~ ~~ll~~d~m~mu~du r~ii~a~15bWtl~ W~~bil~~fi~uth~na~ lldl~u~~~m~nUl1~~ 111qj W~~Yj~fi~Ubb uuiillW~~bfl~~lalb t1u~u~~nUdl1~ bba ~tll~ l~ 111llIH~~ a~illnW~~~~ a~bbfi ~ldW~~l~ ~ W~ ~Yj~fi~ua 1~~~~
~~~all~bb ~nad~~l~bba~ill~~ li1~ln
illn~~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 18-20 W~~Yj~fi~Um~1l1i1 bl11l ~1~u~~5Wa illn~au~al~tf~ 1il~iI~b lul~illnn1~r~ii~bull a~15~lU dl~u~~~flb~n W~~bil~~llbuadi~ll bba~tll~l~llll11
~~~a~~l~~W~~uln illnm~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 20 ~au~ n1~ail~W~~~fi~um~1l1ml1i1~rb~~bll~~a~
itIJ lhQrJ fJ~
1uall~1U~1(IJ ~~fJ~b t1ubll~~l1ii~ ~~~ ~1(IJ1~mml~ld~ 1il~lu~au~~~~~i~btlu~all~~~~ml~ld~ lui1~~l1~~~~Yj~fi ~m~~1Yti 16 l11~~U~~d~~1Yti 17 j1all~~~~~b~~1~~~5Wa b~~~ lI~~0~ln~~~iH~~~ulln1Y(IJ~btJ~~ bW~l~b11~11nU lI~~0~lm~~tJ~~ml~ld~bba~~~~b~~~l1u llildl~l~WU5nU~til~
~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
1 pJruautJa1J~1JLu~0N7~~IJ~t11 2 pJruautJa1J~1JLU~n~lt1oJ1JLn~1J f U~~tx1JiNIt~1UIllfl~1W~1n UUU~U~O~1 L~~tOttJfl~1~il~m~nULU~~1J1~tli ~jjL~1~e~mJO~1~1 yi11~tft nill~lt1M1tl~nln ~~ poundj ~1 fttl ~1tltJ~(1t1 n~ 1 Peripteral temple
3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
lmH1~hLLUUmh~~ln ~~rUi~ij~ ~tl~111L~tl1111~B~ ~igthnJ~ ~01B~LL UUi11mi111nUB~~1tlnU JULUUn1~tl1nfiJ ~mh11~i1 LUULLUU tJB~ li1~ tlBmUU~~LLtii1 L~B~LtfUiir~Ln~~uLLrimrtl 111Ll1 m111~ B~nmr tl LtfUt~mnUnUO1n6i tf 1~riB~tiUtlB~ij 1ntlI~ VlLil~1~mQW1~lu~6itJ~tJB~~nltln6i
lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
~ln~lmvlmj~L01l~W~tiil101U1 lUUl1n~l~nU 1tJJ1mtJ~~ 111tl
-rt11tJ~~riB01-j1~m~il~01U1tJB~1 ~tl LtfU 1U01ri 1yen11~ JUijtJU1~ nil~1yenlqj ~~JUi~ O1-j1~yenIltl ~111lii1tlllu Btl1~lyen11~ tJ B~t tJ~ ~ 1li1~ Q~Ju i~ 1tJ1arLUU111~~O11l~ lutuum~ 111Ln~LL UUBtl1~01miJ~tl m ~~ 1mHlu ti B~~ 1J1ntJ~ ~LW ru tJ 111~tl-j ULB1LLUUO1miJ~tl m~~ tJB~ttJ~~~11ti~1tl LL~1liin6i1mUUhULLl1n~1~iJ1111~LL~ufi J ~L UU111 ~ ~01-j1~lUL UUtJmL~U (Constructive)
ltlU~1 mniJl1tlm ~~ tJ B~1~tllu~ ~tl ~t~~liiUrULuutJ~ ~1J1~ LBm~jiJ (Monochrome) ~B~ltriB1liiul~1iW6itJB~iu i~mntl LuUWIl~~jiJ (Polychrome) LL6i~U~~1N6ihn1~LL01I1~BBn~~LL UU
I (8
4
1 ~ntJnu~fl~1Y1UeurmfLli[Juflfl~UfllfitJ1IJltnlrl jj l1JJi~1J1~t lPl11~ li]U
iln~~u ~~U~OlJi~~11Ibullbull~OU~Lii~~mi1~~n1IJ(A) 2 1UftJJU fiflJJ1 Li1lt~fu iiYlfin~ lIfl~iil i1lllflJU11~ fifilmJ ft11J~u t~JjiimiN LUU1~ ~jj Lt1a~U~ riu~utJLuuoiu1 Oth1L n~un~1 mUlaquo1nLL~ (B)
3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
- - ~ -~ shy4 fl 01i1 fit n11JlllJilJlulJIU ~n~IY1ffi~~n1UY1NIQlIIl~l1l1l1 ~ ClJtUJUIJllt)-3 11JJ
LU uil n~~u -0 L~1~ ~r~d~mo ~~il niiuuoilnlffiJuutJ ~o
mh~ tJltl~iiltl tI~mh~ L~lJ~ lumJUltlfjfitJ11lJVfnfii1Wljjlt~ 21
Lrimdi1u fInBWltl tJ ltl~ iilJtJlJ Ljldiltl~Ylilljrulii~ iJelL iI iIl~ h ltllmj~mllj~ltll1~di1ubJ riltl111Lii~jjmj~mL~~ltl1~ltllU Lla~ jj n 1j1tillVIal ulI Q~tJlJ tIlJ tll~~ri ltlltll1~di1Ul~tlfil~tlij~L~m rllJ fllJn iI ~jj LlUU mj 1~ ila tI ~lI ilU lI~ rllJ di~ iI ~L1llJldiillmllJ
a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
LUlJdilJ fl1lJll1j~ltlh~~LUlJ lJjtJlJUUlJ ~mL~~libu a1~alU lJ jlJ
(Stucco)
LlU u ltlti 1 ~ila tI ~ tJ ltl ~f11l1L VIU ltl tJlJldiUllJ 11tl1lJltlm tJ ~u flj jlJ tJ ltl~ 1mfu di1U Ill mjllULltl1ltlmtJ~unj jlJ tJ ltl~L tJlJ jlJ1
ltll1~ LUlJtI jl~cent1 jjl~tltlj~ltl~il~ltiLtilJL~U1rlU ltlUti LLUU tIjl~il ~ltl1U~1lJ~~ltl~~1~lJVI151~ Yl~~lan ~ltllJl1lJltllJUltlfjfiUl~ltllJ tI alfJ Lla ~1lJ ltllJul~lJ 1nillJI11 I1j~tJltl~W j ~LiI~6LLa ~Wj ~t1jl~il
ltl~tI ~a~tlJ n1 lL~lJ it ~nl1 I1tJ1~lI11lJL UlJtJnLl~lJ tJ fl~Ll UUL~lJ 1tI lIiGi IIInjj II ~j ~ rllJ iJ1lJ rlU ~ 1lJltlmtJ~u fljjlJ ~ 1lJ
tIj ~~lJlnljlJtJ ltl~1 tJI1U1~jjll11lJalJ~lJfirlu tJltl~L tJlJj di~ ldimh1
Lli111 W j ~W I1fijtlm~fl1l1 LVIi) ltlJ ltl~ 1I1utJlJ jjll11lJ alJ~lJfi1lJ LLUU ltlti1 ~ rlU tJ ltl ~ ltlirUijtl~~ LL~l lJltllJU1tJ I1U tIj ~~lJl nl1I1U
- tIl - 1 1 ltlj 1 ~ LlU UW j ~Vj 11 5l tJlJlJ 1 ~1lJ lI 1 1lJlnLa ltllJ ltl lJ W j ~Vj 11 fi
il1ltllJ1 Lla ~lI11lJllImLti~L iffltll~mh~LlI1i1l~ Ljl11 ltl1 iI tl~ tllJldiLLUlJltllJh lIlJ1I1U1mlrultllJultJI1utJlJ
ldiLLU UW j ~Vj I1fil tI ill n1VIlJlJ lltlil~W j ~Vj I1fil tI LUlJLLUU 11tJ 11U
tJ ltl~~lJ illJ LL~L jlltl1 lalJUItjllJldih LtJ l1dill11lJ tJlJ~la1i1 ~~ ltll1~ LlU U llnW j ~Vjl1 5ltlm~fl1l1LVIU ltl lI~lJ~fllJ lL~ flWj ~ltl~ ~ i~mldiLtlllJ lt~afllJWj~Vjl1fiil1ltllJl1lJ1tJI1UldiulLLUUWj ~Vjl1fi ltllJlJL~Uua~i~mL tlllJldi1Uit ~ldi1I1l111lJtJlJma1i11VI~LLriilaUlJ ltl1tJI1U Wj~WI15jtlit ~illtl UlJ1I1U~~ltlll~tlJtJlJ L~lJ1tldiUlI1lJ
-illnlflui~ 1lJwl1~il1ltllJ1Lta ~lI11lJjjt1~ii~1i1 tJfl~illtltJlJ i1n~ru~
2
3
1 L6ltl1JLL1JUllUU1la~eUpoundJitllitJjjimtuWLAMtHfl~n1
2 LtUDtl~rujUtlqlltJ1tlth)tJ~111 jj49J~D~~ )J11ln LLuueU11UIiItlnrnjYIHJl1P1lwUtl
urntiULf1nu L~~r~UU qll~
31uftj~ti ~ti~1~tiUUfl1 ~ ~tI~ftj~ ~uLn~Ull f ~L~ ~ ~1~nfl1~Luua~ ntiftr~1I1 ~
l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
iiia 11~tI f1~ lt11tII1tnlUhumhtlYlflI1JJlf1rilUnUilI1imiJJ1Yltl LLa ~ if~ fl~jj f1~ ~a f1I1JJ 11U~~Uiila 11 mtllll~Iiitl lii~liULilf1lilmi1
lliii1iiiauU1tII1tllIiiLLltlI1~fIf1 0 ~ ~ f11iJJ tUfllJJ i~o tI fI ~ yj 1 ~1Yl tl
llhnUiila11LtJUltlri 1~~ ~
Lfl~iNilU6iUun ~lI1~am~iila11~tIltl~1Yltl1mlru~uu i ljjfl lJJ ~ 11~ lJJ ltl ri 1 ~ ~ ~ 11 i Lll YlllU ~ M ltlLfl ~ ltl ~ iJU~U L~ 1 tI ltl ~ ltIiifllamLa lt11tII1tllU~Yl li~I1ii~~ 19-20 ~ ~LtJU~i~oflUiii
bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
110U~H tJU ~~h lll ltl1lHjj ~n yj 1~110U~~ Iiitl al1altl ~Jl111a
u ii111~OmL~o I Lfl11 ltl uliitl ~Lti tleiltlUliU1jhwlulUvHimi
~~ LUJilmjjltllltJ1U LL~flillt1Ulil~~
itilumJmJfJl5fJ1 (Wf1 1890-2310)
ltI(llij~tlO~ ltlU1Ul1tlOiiJJtIltl~ltI~tlltl~litll~UUtlJJ 1jill1mL~~ LtJU~llj~ii ri ltlJJ LLIiUltlUi1iiia 11 ltI~ tlltltl litJ1UUlliiiu BYlll~ a ill 0 iill ~ ~jj i ltlU tlJJ m ~ illll01i I1mL~~ LtJUvlL~jf liU
ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
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~lUthUlYlal1alri (Ornamental works) tlfI~a~tlltlfltitJ1
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
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jl1f1~jijilJ (Chin) 221-207
almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
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3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
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a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
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chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
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5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
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ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
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ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
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lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
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1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
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ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
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Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
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Khan)
1823- 1Y1 poundJ poundJnnfl~I1Vi Lii11ni1ULtJIJiLtJUjj~LL in
amul1lpoundJnIJ ltlmUl1IpoundJniiIJ tJfl~LtJIJiiijjl1IJL tJUunLLIiU
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(Caryatids) tJfl~Vinn~mLltl~bl1U i11UUlil~tJU1jj (Balustrades
with nagas) ~tJU1~eltJltli~ltl1poundJ~1IJ ~tJU1jjilnLLi~VlU1~1 LLltl~ lltJ i~tJ fl~BUL~poundJ-i~L tJIJillifU1Lfl1IJ 11tiIiiIilLLtJltl ~L tJU tJi1~i1 ltll1~t1U il1IJ~IJlVl1i Lrlfl1l1fl~i1tJi~nflU tJ fl~ ltlmUIilpoundJniiIJjjjj11IJLtJUun
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llilpoundJ~11tJm11 Li1fJ11nlti111lifi1 LtJIJiltl11~lVl1itfU 2 LLUU
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205
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1 i1ltlBlJjBU lJLIIBI1 1500 x 1300 LlJilj
2 ~1~tl11 (Causeway) iijl1Uulil~lJUli1 iI~ii~Iijj~B~ ilj~liil1111l~Lih (Entrance)
v t x 3 tflU (Terraces) ltl(lHltlunll 3 tfll tfllUjnlJLIIBI1 215 x
187 LlJilj iii111lJa~j1lJnll~~i11 6 5 LlJilj Lvimui~ltll11~I1AUtJ ~ ~ t l11t11 tfl11tflll1 2 il~a~n11tfllLLjn Ultl~tflll1 3 na~n11tflll1 2
i bull bull
tfl1111~ 3 ~IIUoiBlJjBUii1tJiH1ji1il (Galleries) iHlji1il~IIli 2
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d shytI11l~ 600 LlJilj ~~ 2 LlJilj LtJIILjB~jllJLntJjilLLOl~lJHlf11jil~
Ultl~ih~qji~ BiJtJlm~tJ1nUrlj ~iljollf (111jltJtU) Ln~tJjalll1j (Vishnu with the Churning of the Sea of Milk) f11rlilHoin~IIi LLail~hhlllii~IIjna1jjiiuiBilltJ1lJUoil (The day of Judgment)
tJ 11 100 LlJilj il ~L lll ~in ~Y11i11llJ ~ii i111lJ allBti1IIa1jjii ~111 ~in ~Y11i111lJ l11fhoi~ fiJ nlJ (lil lilni ~tf 1n1lJ ~11 jn
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lJWlilUltll tI fl~lJ~ ~lilb tJlJiilau ~lilnulii~lJlnn-h (Decoratives)
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iillQ~fJ ~ tI fl~ tlllbtllJ i flth ~ bLIiIl~~
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1hohnmi31 1i~11imhlultl111 nlJUi~~lJlm~lJtlfl~
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dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
~llLJ~tJltl~~im Mison ~~ll~ Don-Duong bl~~YIfjil~ljIj
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~1Il1~~IY~ 18 ru llliojU1lilJUli~~~~1111niulihtJ1l~LtJUR~n1~BU hiqf1U~ ~IIil~ tllUi~1~1 1ULflLil tJ flli1Lruil fL~~lliuml~LIIlqf ~ J ~~L~fl~i1U
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Amlt1hhtityIJfl~Itu iJlli~~flltJil Vltlillmllf 1781 rifl~~fllrul~mRliJlltJ
1818-1860 ojtllf~tJilfl~yjflJU~l~fhLll~~i1tfl~
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1893 Wj~bjljllJ1Bu~ah~n1~~f1f1limbJlJUjfl~
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2 318 Wj~bjl111nitlJj1lJl11mJlJtJnbb~lJ ah~Ujfl~
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al1~n1~l1IlJlnitlJI1i ~
2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
(King Mongkut) b~lJliilbijlJWj~jl1falJ-WlJllllJ1Il nUlJIIllillJlllh~Ib~bl1~
2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
f1~111 (King Chulalongkorn) Ulf11jtJlijjlJ
1IdlJ1InbiillJl-WIilJlJl1b~b I1~1 11pound1
iialla3TtlfifllJl11tJ (Pre Thai Periods)
~GiI1mrtJm111Wi (Davaravari Art)
illtt IJ ~mr poundI 1111 jl1~al1~ ~lJ bvi f1~lalJ lVjl1llH1 fJ lJ 111 fJ 1lJ
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all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
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illn~~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 18-20 W~~Yj~fi~Um~1l1i1 bl11l ~1~u~~5Wa illn~au~al~tf~ 1il~iI~b lul~illnn1~r~ii~bull a~15~lU dl~u~~~flb~n W~~bil~~llbuadi~ll bba~tll~l~llll11
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~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
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3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
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lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
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Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
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2
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l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
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lliii1iiiauU1tII1tllIiiLLltlI1~fIf1 0 ~ ~ f11iJJ tUfllJJ i~o tI fI ~ yj 1 ~1Yl tl
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
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ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
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liUjj ijru~hm~iiImJ~~ ~ ~ ~ ai1~ tUltlril~JJ 10JJ1rllliiLui ~1U til ~ lall ~lULLnn ~lULfl~ltl~O ell LLaLfl~ltl~Lfl11ltlU alllULfJ~ltl~ Lfl11ltlU~~li~1tltil1U11i~L Yl~iiU uaell~ ~jjal1altl61~111thlU
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I1ifllJ lfildiuri1ll~L tilllli1mjlllllL~ fl~ l~j1Jll (B uddhist Cosmoshy
logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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luuA n1~5utll1~luuuft~~~~IIfl~1rlU luluu ~~ 2325 1~n
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lhGi 311 m~31 1i11jjn1~~u ~IJ~~~Vjl1ti~t1 1l1n1l1~~1~1
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~ltfJ~~iJ (Chou Western amp Eastern) 1027-771
alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
alYfJtJltJ~m~ifna~fl~llJ (Periods of the Warring States) 481-221
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jl1f1~jijilJ (Chin) 221-207
almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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~~n tJil~n1jualll~ililm UlJWbltljJo btilJ th~bI1ltTIilJ lJilml1mh~LI1ltT
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illlt1njJow~L tilJbampitJ1rllJ
b~lJ IJjniLampitJ1 IflJ If1~1ilJ~~~lJ~1lJ il~rtlJ ~lJ~rl1111llJ (Tarim)
llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
tJil~ lIIlJbUlJhAqjlJ1IJ1ii1U jlWn1ltl lt111fiiill iJI1illlltl~~ 1VIqjil~~ri 1WllJ fj j jlJ IJltl ~~ltl1lnl jlJ tJil ~ If111ilJ biiil ~ illn If111ilJ1~ ~ lIIti~L~il~
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11 -flfqjl tJil~1ilJ Iiilil11j ~lt5mtl11~fjjjlJ If1 ~~~VIltllmUlJ tJ il~lJ llln
middot~ 2 _ _
3 4
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2 illlJ11flml1rilUfulL~~tllllJl (Temple of Welcome of the New Year) hmt~i1n~~ bull 1
3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
11~~ tIII OJn tI OJ~ ni ~m~ltill 19I ~111 hl1lU1tl~1tlVl5ni lJ eJtlbtltltlOJ~ltI~l~~IIb~OJ 200 tJriOJIIi1lltllilm01 ltJbl1OJ~I1~Jtl 111
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
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1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
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3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
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a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
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tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
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tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
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Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
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lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
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Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
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Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
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(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
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Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
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btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
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~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
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I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
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n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
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ilm1tfll1~ tJ fl~ qj iJu~~~ ~u tu1u ltf aartJ tJ fl~~ lI1~1 iji1 Sui~o (593-628) W~~U1~ Suiko ~fluii1u1Jl11~m~bjjfl~111bbrib-i1tf1tJ
Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
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~1U11j~mtl1njjtl311flUtJfl~fl~Iili1~jj~~12 UOl~ 13 fl1il
b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
Renaissance hi 111t11IiiElniIlOltJfl~iiju miJ~tlmjtltJfl~tUiJu hib~tltiuflth~il~~lij~lufl~Iili1mjw~7 1uu fli1 624 1Iiib1i~ ~Uiin0l1~i11u1tiuii~ 4 4 6 bb11~ lV11jl1~ tiu UUflOlfl~j1nli ~ bUUriljUOl ~b1jjlj1U1Ujfl~ojU
ITo NARA (710-785)
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l1lbfhuri~l~ 1ulOln 1Uj~tI ~b~tlbbjn ilOluuiijutlTyhnu1utUiJu
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jj311Iljdllii~1 2 tJ1~ Ilj~Vjl1li311 Yakushi (~in~1flUVln1j)
~fl~l~~u~11~~nvr (Peonies) ~flun (CanaJy) 16lviljj~~ Hokosai flUUqiljU
tJnv1V fi n1OilU~U ~ nttnltiui1ufl1ril1lI IIrUftiluqjlju i1U~U1 1lt~01~ luuuu
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tll1qjiJlifmiddoth~nlIJ~~~lJlm~lJliiltlYIeJ~hl~ VII 11 In
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rh~l111qjiJI al1~l1i~~m~lJ~l1 Ltil ~t1tJeJ~ Sri Devi (Kichijoten)
l11111~ y akushiji Uli~ll~ll11LlJl1JUUtJeJ~qjiJll~mLI1 l111~ Kondo Toshodaiji iill~lfhlJllJuuifmU~Um~lJ
ellifltl ~llJ tJ eJ ~qj ijl~ La tl ILLUUifm U~ Um ~lJ tJ eJ~ il ifltl ~1 til ~ ~ Tang
ifliu JOGAN (794-890)
ifluiiqjiJItiltlUJeJ m~l~ 1I1nll~llJ 1 ~UJeJ~hm11 (Heian)
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Daishi) 1J~~ilmu Shingon l~tl Kukai (Kobo Daishi) i~ Saicho
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llUlUltlllll logan dillLVIjjeJUllU
iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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Fujiwara ~~~l~I1-i~VIQ~ iileJiflltll Howodo lU1V11j Byodoin
Ultl~ Yamashiro ~lJ~lV1~nUitJeJ~ Sri Devi (Kichijoten) UlJilLUU
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Kose no Kanaoka (900 AD) Ultl~l~jtllll VIltllUtfllltJeJ~LtJl
ldiLilllUm~il1~lJj~ihlUjj~eJilYamato-E Toba Soja (1053shy
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U ~ ~~1 ~ 1lJ IJ ~ ~~~ 1 n ~ ~~-ijl11lt1nijlJ ~1 U ~ lu~f~llJldluri
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11 ~il ~ tilJ1~tJ ~h~ BlJb~tJ ~~~ ~lJ~ 1lJOl ~jllJyj ti1
nlliillljmjiIl nlJii~~m~~tJOl~yj~jh~t1~blliiOlOl~llJb JlJ
tJOl~il~~lJllJ~~II11~yjYli~~1~~It~ 16 UltI~ 1 7 bb~~l11b1lJii~ rnltU~iIltIIJ ~tJ Ol~l tJn ltI 1~ (Mediaeval) bbltl ~lt1 nltu~~l~ UUU
IJ ~~b yj tU (Conventional) 11 iltJl1 i1 ~ri UnlJii ~~m ~~tJOl~ blJ lJl ltI
bbltl~b U~fl OlltI ~ 1lJii ~~ m~~ tl il ~~lJ tJ Ol~yj ~jhiir mju~b tilJb~tJ1rilJ
riu tJOl~1YtJ mh1ii Ol bJlJbbUullu~Ol illnIJ~~byjtUbbltl ~llbeJ1i1lt1IJ ~
u UU IJ~ ~byj tU~l~~bb IJltI ~ 1I1b iflriU nltU~iIltIIJ~tlil ~ ~lJ1~tJIi11IJ
nllttUl (Cambodia) ~lJ lin tJ Ol~u n IJ ~ ~1~~1~1~lJ nlti1111 tIlJ til ~1 m lu~
Ol liltJ Ol~llJ Ol lul btJ ~~OllJ ldltJ Ol~ IJ~ ~b Y~rilJj tllUltI ~111 illJ-1tIIi1
(Cochin-China) tlill~lJiiiiOltIlJtll~xiUlJ(Funan)
J1tlfleJIlLlJiIlj yjnllf1ll1jntii 9-14 (Pre-Khmer period) I I I
dl~U~YjYll~m~~1jIi 6 bJlJdllJlJl tll1BlJb~tJ ldl~l~~iilJJllJ
Ol~tlJIJ~~bY~~1~1 m~BlJb~tJ Inltl (Further India) IJ~~m~ri~jtll
bJlJ IJ ~ ~b m111ii~ii ~ l 11 BlJ b~tJ ldlbif1~ 1 IJ n 11 ~ Ol~UltI ~1I1B Y 6yj
lV1llJ ll~ ~~ tJOl~ BlJb~tJ uri tll1bii Ol~ ill mJ liltJ mlJYl~(lltl~tJ
m ~~ tJ Ol~lltJ riOllJb tJ~ ~ ~t1~b lliiOl eJ~~l~ b~lb 1lJldl11ii lt1n1jU~ tJ Ol~BlJ b~tJ l~tJ blyj 1 ~ ii Ol illn Y ~ ~ ~ IJlJ poundIn tJ Ol ~ IJ ~ 1~ 11 (Lingashy
prang) illnlJllultI~IIU1~1~1uti (Indian cell amp Chaitya-window)
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il poundi 1~ 11Il~~ ~ ~vfl1n UUij lJ ~ dl1liiJmA11l1n ~11 ~m tlllJ1~
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1~ tJmiltJ uUUilpoundi1~ IIIn~~~llnlJ lllJtJII lJ ~ ~tJ il~ ~IIb~ ml11bil~ 111~ml~Vjlln~~1~ 12 ultI~ 13 lliibn~ll~IllJ~I1il~
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111lJ buIItJnu~11 tJil~illrul lijmbtJlJUUilb~IIb UIIbiln111
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il~ llrutlllilpoundi1~lJ 1nlJ1tJUIIbil~
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ffl llll1 (Religion)
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3 pJ~~U (Gallery) i1H Youl UU -Corbelling )1i11m i1gti1IJ Ujl-3)j f1J1)J ntlN-11 riLntl-3Rl-3R1~ UJ IlLIntri1~1 n1f1-31VlujjllLl1~ntj1-3~1 mlLl
1uun11L~ Corbelling Vaults )jfl111~n7~li11~ i-3tiUlIfl-3Ll14t-1Jifl-3L-na-3fil1W
4 5 LLUULR1LVl~tI)JlIfI-3LlI)JI ufI-flJLlflLiiU1If1-3flJ~fl1U~1~n~LR1
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Lflm1tf lJo1 I1nI1Ufl1 U1Jm Ltlll ~n(lllLilflll o1~ tJ~L flillflm~ll
~ill IJ~~ ~U lliitl nnfl~YirlhllMll~ tf11101lt1~-l~ IULtlll~ (ifl~ti1t1 Ujfl~l101l~ I1nU~ ~ llll1tJt1~rlUllL tJlJ
)11
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1111~ lJU Ltl1f)L01 11 tJ ~ ~Il~lUill di~ il 111 ltllltIQ
rlll~ tl1jjU~~ llllLlUijUtln O1l~
1240-1432 LUUltlltllltltlfl~rl~Lij1BJml~lJUfi 1 jjLjjl~ Roluos LUULjj fl~ l101l~ ltIi1~i111~fiLlJ fl~rl ~1~ LL01Ujfl~lJ1nfl~ (Pra Ko Bakong)
1432-1443 LJUitlltllJtltlfl~rl~~ij1t11lt11~lJUfi 1 m~LJJ~ lllY11~n1~tlO1tJ~YI1U ltli1~Ulfl~rlUlllJ1Ln~ (Phnom
Bakheng)
1471-1484 ~UUitlltllltltlfl~rl~Li1titll~llJfi 4 ltli1~Ljjfl~ l101l~lmjiiflUjfl~1t~~tJ~fi Kha Ker
1487-1511 LUUltfltllJtJtlfl~rl~Lij1~1~tfUfI~1~llJ ltli1~LLjj
lJflUilJflfln (East Meban) IJtJ~jrl (Pre Rup)
L~01UUfl1t1~1t1 (Banteai Srei)
1511-1544 LJUitlltllltltlfl~W~Lij1titll~lJfi 5 ltli1~i111~ YlLUn1il (Phineakas)
1545-1593 LlUitlltllltI tl fl~W~ ~ij1lt1~rn~lJJfi 1 ~lJtlJ1 fltI ltli1~i111~i1LUh (Ta Keo) lminlJU~~llll
ilJ1h~ (Portal) 54middoth~tiUlihJLIIL~mi1LlJ1
2 ri1lflLiltJ~lIpound1~Lft1Litw
3 a1a1tJlIpoundILlI1-J1trQ~lJl1 uiJd1l1illn LLPi~~Cl1UfJnT1)11 llrr LLlJiriiil~li1-J-)
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204
VilULLltl~LL~UflUil~lUiln (Baphuon and West
Mebon)
1656-1693 LtJUlfltll1poundJ tJfl~Vii~L~lltl~mil1U~ 2 ltlll~Ujjililbull LU~LuiLLltl LLltl~UUYI1poundJltl1IJLL i (Angkor Wat Beng
Mealea and Bantei Samre)
1720- UjjitiIJ~nhIJmilpoundJVilmmJ
1724-1761 LtJU lfltl11poundJ tJ fl~Vi i ~L~lll poundJlil1U ~ 7 ltlll~hl1i VjYItiA1ltlU1~U1poundJU (Bayon) lUU~mlllVl1iLri1 ltll1~lVl1iil1ViiIJLLltl~Vii~t1U (Taprohm amp Pra
Khan)
1823- 1Y1 poundJ poundJnnfl~I1Vi Lii11ni1ULtJIJiLtJUjj~LL in
amul1lpoundJnIJ ltlmUl1IpoundJniiIJ tJfl~LtJIJiiijjl1IJL tJUunLLIiU
LtJUfl4ltlirU lVl1itJfl~LtJIJiiiLfln1l1Viii~1ULLtJ ltlULLltl~~tJm~ LLlJi1
I dliflu LLU Umh~lJ111ntJfl~BUL~poundJ LL~ltlmtJUntJfl~L tJIJi~llifltlll~
~lUltlmUilpoundJniiIJ tJfl~l1IU t1UlJ1LtJULLU UtJfl~L tJIJi Vli~jj 1 tJfl~L tJIJi
LLltll1l~ 1l1LlUii~ BYIfiViltl tJfl~~U UiLltllriLVI~ poundJIJ ~ll)lltl-i ~jjl11LlL tJU
LLUUtJfl~LtJIJiLfl~ (Original) iifl~tJjj1t1 lt51UinjjtlJ~ LnU LltllLLUU
(Caryatids) tJfl~Vinn~mLltl~bl1U i11UUlil~tJU1jj (Balustrades
with nagas) ~tJU1~eltJltli~ltl1poundJ~1IJ ~tJU1jjilnLLi~VlU1~1 LLltl~ lltJ i~tJ fl~BUL~poundJ-i~L tJIJillifU1Lfl1IJ 11tiIiiIilLLtJltl ~L tJU tJi1~i1 ltll1~t1U il1IJ~IJlVl1i Lrlfl1l1fl~i1tJi~nflU tJ fl~ ltlmUIilpoundJniiIJjjjj11IJLtJUun
LLIiUUltl ~jjl1IJ bjlhlf1miifllil1 JULtJUnUell l~poundJ ~tJ fl~LtJIJi
llilpoundJ~11tJm11 Li1fJ11nlti111lifi1 LtJIJiltl11~lVl1itfU 2 LLUU
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205
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HlJ ltJii~j ~U U ll B~~ni1lltl
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nUIIi1jlilLOltJ
ImHII~h ~tl hulqjlJEl~U fl-1Gl ii ~~l9iElllJil io f ~
1 i1ltlBlJjBU lJLIIBI1 1500 x 1300 LlJilj
2 ~1~tl11 (Causeway) iijl1Uulil~lJUli1 iI~ii~Iijj~B~ ilj~liil1111l~Lih (Entrance)
v t x 3 tflU (Terraces) ltl(lHltlunll 3 tfll tfllUjnlJLIIBI1 215 x
187 LlJilj iii111lJa~j1lJnll~~i11 6 5 LlJilj Lvimui~ltll11~I1AUtJ ~ ~ t l11t11 tfl11tflll1 2 il~a~n11tfllLLjn Ultl~tflll1 3 na~n11tflll1 2
i bull bull
tfl1111~ 3 ~IIUoiBlJjBUii1tJiH1ji1il (Galleries) iHlji1il~IIli 2
LLltl~tTII~ 3 iilJjl~iilJj~Uiljol11Btiilj~lJlJ (Comer towers) ilj~ ~
n ltl1~ f111 tTII ~ 3 iilJjl~ii B~iilJj ~(jl11L IuLBn (B1il lJj ~Uijjl11
LI11~lJH~~iil1ii~ii) ~ ~ bull v ~ 4 lHlji1 illlB~ tfl11 tfllUjn lJf11rlillHltlnllllilmLil~lJj~tJ~
d shytI11l~ 600 LlJilj ~~ 2 LlJilj LtJIILjB~jllJLntJjilLLOl~lJHlf11jil~
Ultl~ih~qji~ BiJtJlm~tJ1nUrlj ~iljollf (111jltJtU) Ln~tJjalll1j (Vishnu with the Churning of the Sea of Milk) f11rlilHoin~IIi LLail~hhlllii~IIjna1jjiiuiBilltJ1lJUoil (The day of Judgment)
tJ 11 100 LlJilj il ~L lll ~in ~Y11i11llJ ~ii i111lJ allBti1IIa1jjii ~111 ~in ~Y11i111lJ l11fhoi~ fiJ nlJ (lil lilni ~tf 1n1lJ ~11 jn
mrlilH~n~IIfln~111Hii~tI11lJj~lJlru 100 LlJilj uail~ii~ nljjU Y11iilna~i1jllJl11L~B~jllJL1itJjiilUltl~l11L~B~lJHlmjil~
LlJ~tJ ULlitJ Uf11rlilH~n~IIj~Hh~llB~ujlJlll11(jnullB~
lJWlilUltll tI fl~lJ~ ~lilb tJlJiilau ~lilnulii~lJlnn-h (Decoratives)
bLIiifjj tlililiiillllualil~ flfl n chfJI1 fllilll1LlIlJIlI1ll1LLa ~~11lJ LtJlJ
iillQ~fJ ~ tI fl~ tlllbtllJ i flth ~ bLIiIl~~
5 allilalfJ l111olnilmLIii~iilJjjfl~~11uflth~lJlnlJlfJ1ilJbtJlJ
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m~li
eJIlQ ~fJ ~atl1uijn ~blJ ~illillJ~ illiliilfliiim (Divikara)bull
1hohnmi31 1i~11imhlultl111 nlJUi~~lJlm~lJtlfl~
al1fJfifllJbtllJ ~ (Pre-Khmer) JlJUi~aU ~11lJ alJjl11leJl11lJiilau ~ btJlJmh~ll1tYl1al~ llJal1fJbtllJ~ (Khmer period) JlJiilaUlJbtllJ~ lliu i ~l eJ a ~ 1lJtI fl~ 1illJti~ iflJ~ alaii~ ua ~tT~~ ~mnltlnjjUI~Ylblljj
tI fl ~ Ui ~~lJ lmilJ1UilU1Hlli U i~~lJ lmilJ tlfl ~ btlmJlJ t)bb ~ ~ nll~~I1~lill1i~~UlJfln LLa~~11lJ~~n~Ualil~flfln ~i~~I1fi~U tI fl ~ btllJ i 1 jj ltlnl+UI~Ii~millii(lbm1ilJrllJ 1i ~a~Ii fllJ111LlIlJ ti~ m~lJcU~11lJ ~~ntl fl~tlllb tllJiflth~u lill~~
l1ol~llln~I1filllilli~jj~ 18 lUbLltIl iilau ~tlfl~btllJib~lJbafllJ IiifllJ lii1au ~ tI fl ~1111]1Iill1BI1il~ ltlbbriiilau ~tlfl ~b tllJ ~ ~i ~~I1ll ~u
tI fl~ btllJ ~flIiBI1fi~a~i~~ I1fi~U bbUu11tIlfl] Ji~ bblli~I1llllil1~il+ ~ 20 btJ lJ1ilJlu tlllLtllJiUUi fllllalJ1illfJ HlJ1J1lJ
lJl]iila iJ mirlfllJ11 LLa ~iilau~ui~fjntil ~mlltJ1t1fl~b tllJi
IllUIl lJU IllJlJiitT~~ ~ all]nlJ1Jjbb~1UilUI
1lllth (Champa) mifJ II ~ilJ tI fl~U ~~b I1l1(flJ U1 (eJlJUlJl1lfltyllJ1lJU llliilJ)
JlJjjlJ1btJlJWlJtJ llilllJll~ilJ tI fl~ ~lJHibth~ ~fl U~ i fl ~Ui ~bI11l(flJUl
Ji~ ulliri fllJ~ ~atil~ml tl bLa ~l1ol ~ ~ ~atillllilliijj~ 1 4 (~I1fillilliijj ~ 19) 1lJ~~1111~~I1filllill~ijj~ 7 i~ ~I1llll(ilii~~ 18 tlll
i1lJ lJ11lii1u flYIil~nl1 ~li1llJ lijjlJil1nfllJ~~fJ 1lJlllJfJ1Jj1WWln
il1lJiiii1lJ1ilYI1~YIH1jlJ1n illJm~ti~1lJ~YIlii1i11jjlj~ 15 ~ln iilJ lI1fJ Tonkinese llii~ ih fj ~fljltl ~ltl1W1~ tJ~ tJltl~~lnil1lJl1~HlJ ~
Uu bl~h1lJlJ 1~ln il1lJr1~ItJ1ampil LJ
~i ltl~ il1n~ln il1lJ1mtJ1l1riltlll11~iH1j ~~~lniilJllii~11l1fJ i H1j~afJH1 fJ lImiJ ~fJ mjlJ tJ ltl ~ il1lJ ~ ti~ iN ~ Hii ltl ltl tiillJ YInllJl ii ~ iiUltlfJ
V
1 H1jtJltl ~ il1lJlJlJlJ IInljw~1l1~ ltl fJ 1 ~ il1l1fJn U1H1j tJ ltl ~ tJ ~11
mi11iiiltliiYJj~~ulJ~nJ1i1Ii (Cubical Cell) ~~iiLJj~lil~ih 1 LJj~lil blll~ii~LJii1HltlnYlJ 3 lii1lJ Hltl~iniH1j~LJm1fJ~bH~fJlJ (Pyramishy
dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
~llLJ~tJltl~~im Mison ~~ll~ Don-Duong bl~~YIfjil~ljIj
~ 12 blll~ 15 ~UlJjllLJ~JlJ~~ (Classic) hlJjllLJ~tJltl~~iltl~ Binh-Dinh ~ ~ltl~llJ~Hh~ ~ll 1643-204 3 JlJ~UlJjllLJ~llfl ~~ltllJ
~ln il1lJUUiim11l1lJ1nlJlil~UlJhlJ1mlj ~YI1lll1l1lJ1r1ii ~
UUiim Hi ltllJ tllJ lii~ LJ1nlhiiiH1jiJ1fJ~ YIllil1l1lJ1ltl ~ ti Donshy
Doung
thLflAlflu tJlJ tJ 111YIfJlliiltl~ fJ~ il1niill~~1lJ~m~ fJ ~ lliitJltl~ LJ ~~ YIlliilJ
~ tT1lJ 1aLJj~~YIil1YIfJ~~ LL~lIl1fJ 1Uj1Wmll 1lJ~YIIlllmjjlj~ 11 tJ111YIfJlliill11~ ltl1W1i1mti1lJ~i1t1lJ1lJtilJlJ1lJ (Yunnan) ltl1W1
i1nliiil11lJhi1IYI1 ~ LJ jdampill1l1~ilJ 1n blll ~llii~n~11l1fJl~fJ nUl1l1hlJ (Kublai Khan) 1lJ~YI1lll~1jljti 18 tJ111Y1fJii1liiltl~ ltl~ fJ~il1nblflllJti 1lJ~i1 ~ tT1lJ1tl~ LJ~LYIll~ ~jj 1blll ~LJ~LYIll1YIt
~UlJii1lJ1lJlJ1n
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tJni1 ~fl~fllrul UlLlru1l ~ LtJU tJ~ ~L I1Al11 tJiJ II ~ uUil iJLijfl~hiqf1 lifl Ui1~tJ~~ ~I1fl~ llVl(~ (ll~H) ltl1iU 1ll1 ~lltJ~i1fl~R~tJ
1111 ~ l1ampi llii1iill1fiVlll LLri ~ll tJ ~111~ LIIUfl iI fl ~IlltJ IihtJ
1UVjl1 li~ 1Il1~IYf 13 ~ lt11~~~ljl1mLli~ tI ~11 iJiilU1II
tJni1~mUIIll~~ll1~ ii1 tltJ lLtJULiJfl~lhjhy 1lilJU li~~~ i1fl~
~lj 11tJ IIIn III flUtii iJ fl ~ tJ ~ ~L 11 ~1 11 tJhiu~l tJ ii ~ IIlflULIIU fl ii~ LiJ fl ~
Lt1tJ~LLRU Vlln~ll~mrUilflVjl1li~lRUlehtJ~II1tJ1U
1I1nVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 16-18 LiJ~~iJiilUll1tJni1~fl~nli1 IIldU flflm5tJ~LIIUfl nli1nlll~ Ull ~lll~ltilU i1flmli1LIIUflilfl~
tJ ~ ~L I1~1 I1tJ tll1Li1~~rU iI flT~ ~lRUl11UIIlLLll ~Vl I1li ~lRU liJ1 tJ ~IIltJlU
tll11I1tJltiilJ R~ IJR1Ufl ~ rlUtlU tllUi~ flqf ~ ll1~ LLll ~L i1~ ~
fl ~ LtJ U ~lIll ~~ IY Iii~r U1lilJU li ~~~ U~ ~~ll tJ ~ Ii ~ i1 lmmlrlU ~ LVl ~ 1 ~h1lilJ U li~ ~~ iJ fl~ tl Uti1 Ui LII huiJ ii~ 1 1I1nBULampi tJ 1ii~rU
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~1Il1~~IY~ 18 ru llliojU1lilJUli~~~~1111niulihtJ1l~LtJUR~n1~BU hiqf1U~ ~IIil~ tllUi~1~1 1ULflLil tJ flli1Lruil fL~~lliuml~LIIlqf ~ J ~~L~fl~i1U
LLi11U~1~1 iJfl~1I1tJ1l~~~lliUL tJUBR~~luR~tJ1mlrurU~~ fl~I11~mmllUfl iJLiJfl~Lt1tJ~URU LiJfl~~h~ LiJfl~Vl~LtJl LiJfl~IIlll~
Vl~~U1~ ~~U~tJ~~~lruVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 15
Amlt1hhtityIJfl~Itu iJlli~~flltJil Vltlillmllf 1781 rifl~~fllrul~mRliJlltJ
1818-1860 ojtllf~tJilfl~yjflJU~l~fhLll~~i1tfl~
iI fl Hjl iIlltJ 1U ~ ~tJ ~L1ll1 LiiitJltlU tlU ojtllf~ tJ
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1 Lffl1ULllft1 (Club-house) tItl~tUJ11JJiIJtUt1JJ1f111
2 171m nuuu14Oj1uIi1fu]MnWJ0iil ~1~ Hnu1-o11J1u1JrLgt1 ~iiU~L UL~~
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3 ~uuthu1gt1~-iiU~LUL~~
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1J fI ~Ii flY lJj llJ rllbb II~ Ii fI IIlJ bll ~j 1 fJ ah ~ bil fI ~
btlfJ~jlmbltt ~Ujfl~ btlfJ ~1IIjj
1893 Wj~bjljllJ1Bu~ah~n1~~f1f1limbJlJUjfl~
IIltt1~1IIjj1JfI~lI1fJ
1910 n1~ll1JI1fJ~lJnun1~~f1f1ll~1 231 0 n1~~f1f1llmbamlfiW~jjl ill~1II11fJ
2 318 Wj~bjl111nitlJj1lJl11mJlJtJnbb~lJ ah~Ujfl~
IIltl1~ 1IIjjiilllJljl
2325 bjlWj~mjnl bJlJn~1Illl~lJjl1f1~fjnl
al1~n1~l1IlJlnitlJI1i ~
2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
(King Mongkut) b~lJliilbijlJWj~jl1falJ-WlJllllJ1Il nUlJIIllillJlllh~Ib~bl1~
2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
f1~111 (King Chulalongkorn) Ulf11jtJlijjlJ
1IdlJ1InbiillJl-WIilJlJl1b~b I1~1 11pound1
iialla3TtlfifllJl11tJ (Pre Thai Periods)
~GiI1mrtJm111Wi (Davaravari Art)
illtt IJ ~mr poundI 1111 jl1~al1~ ~lJ bvi f1~lalJ lVjl1llH1 fJ lJ 111 fJ 1lJ
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nljall~Wj~Vjl1Ii~IJllnairtJ~IJ1I~f1~l~bbl1l~~ ~f11 lJliij~~f1tJi1
rnlfru~1Jf1~1IlJbf1~lJln~lJ ~1lJ IJj ~~lJ In jjlJ 1JfI~airtJI111jl1~ii UlalJllbJlJVib~lfJlJbJlJ~llJh~1I ~lJb~11vl bbltt ~lJiJlJ ~ ~bba1l~ 1I1b j 1 bjlJ1~1i~r nlfru~Vi b~jf1J f1~ biffI If l~b UlJ f1~ 1~ ~ ~ ~ illtt IJ ~ I111j11~ bUlJalJ n1 j ltl111]J 1J fI ~ n 1jIifI ~~ afltt Ii1 ~ n1ja l1 ~W j ~Vj 11 Ii
~IJI11~1l1il bIIilfl 1JfI~111pound1
middottiFmiddotmiddot
1 pji~1Uf1-1 (Side elevation) ~EI-11~1lLlIlJ t111-1fffl1lJtJtlll~fl~1 2 LLUUtJ1111111tl-1lUI LLflll-1 ~uil~inMtU~ LfIlML1hultJlriunuu 71-31fII e-1 LtIll LLlfi
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LliiOfltlUWJ1ln-J1
fitftl1mJllmirTII (Srivijaya Art) bri m~ l1j1l1ii~WJ 1lJ lJ WU fi elUIn lt1pound 111 tJ ltl~ tlj W1lJ InljlJ
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of Chiengsen) amill1l~nljlJm~1l1~bHUmJltl~1f1~lih~U1jj ltlUrlU lWiual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruiiI01 tlJ ltl~i101 tlJ I~~ojiT~ b~ltl~Bf1GVi 01 Jltl~iiI01tltllallmlojiT~d ltlllbuultll(if 2 mlbt~ ~ltl mlbt~ HO ~ r ~ Iiii 01 tl iilojiT~1Wijj Bf1G Vi 01 Ol tilUiii01 tl all~ a1Jl1~ (if~ IiU Ii ~lj I ~1 Uiii01 tl m~1l1~ bHU I Wi tJ1l1 ~ H lt1~ bri ltlVi jbij1jllJ III bbm lj iilU1ltlnilj ltl~1l1~ l(ifI1lO1 ltll1lbbH01lJlJ 01lfJ
~ftl1ffillJlf)JJ (Khmer Art)
bri rnriu iii01 tl tJltl~ btJlJjliu 1f1~ lii~u bltl1UUUltltil~f11~iilU amill1l~nljlJbb01 01I1I01l~l1InU~~lJl1 llH01l~ ltltil~ bb~l~lii~ Ubltll ~lU tlj W1lJlnljlJ tljlJma-jl~~tl b~ljVi (Statuary) b01 ~
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itftl1ifmllffU llft~ftl1rI1m1fimi1a
ami GI OnUI amill1l~nljlJtJltl~1f1~1ujlru~ill1l iitT~ bHii ltlltl~l I1bluM ltlVijblM ~ ~ual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruv1biilbtf)Ol~ iiI01tl BUb~~ Vi ~1 bb01 ~~l T~ 1uallm il~~bbauliu 11 ll jj~~ riltla-jl~ 1Ujlru~ill1lbHiiltlltl~Ul~ u~iluiltl~llJWlU jObUUtl1 H1n ljOlj l11l~Ubjjltl~b il~~ bbau1UOlti 1~ l~~ ~~ rfi~l h~ 1I1bjl1iiHlt1n
4
1 tlJ~ltVitif1~ ti~lU~1~1 jji~1~1~L~~Ufl1 2 LiititlJ~ ltVilUUflUfl1nlJ1f1 i ~1U~O U~ untilJ~o~i~ fl1 ~ffiili ~ o1i~1 i1lt~aTlItliLDt1~fl~tl1 (A) LLuuio1i~fiI1tl1ijtJtlJlLULLpj~tur1UffiUYH ~~ 111 3 WlfI- 4
~lU~l~U~~l~~la~~au~~~~~~~ual~~l~Ul~
all U~~n~~~~ 1~1l1i1 bwQ ~ ~ ~~1~ ~ hu111qjll mHII~
~~~W~jjl al~bb~Il~~5Wa~au~~u~~~d~ ~au~~~~bll~~hXiU
lu blul~1111~au~ml~ldiii ~jlt1~ bba~b~~~ wa~~~~d~nu bii~~illntJl~l1n~lum~u~~l~~la~ bbu u~til~~aU~l1al~ bbuului~~lntiil~mildl~~til~bbjjU~Ul1 nuamu~~m~~lu btlutJ~~ail~lumj~1~
lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
l~Wu5nubbuuW~~Yj~fi~u~~~all~iju~~ ~~ll~~d~m~mu~du r~ii~a~15bWtl~ W~~bil~~fi~uth~na~ lldl~u~~~m~nUl1~~ 111qj W~~Yj~fi~Ubb uuiillW~~bfl~~lalb t1u~u~~nUdl1~ bba ~tll~ l~ 111llIH~~ a~illnW~~~~ a~bbfi ~ldW~~l~ ~ W~ ~Yj~fi~ua 1~~~~
~~~all~bb ~nad~~l~bba~ill~~ li1~ln
illn~~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 18-20 W~~Yj~fi~Um~1l1i1 bl11l ~1~u~~5Wa illn~au~al~tf~ 1il~iI~b lul~illnn1~r~ii~bull a~15~lU dl~u~~~flb~n W~~bil~~llbuadi~ll bba~tll~l~llll11
~~~a~~l~~W~~uln illnm~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 20 ~au~ n1~ail~W~~~fi~um~1l1ml1i1~rb~~bll~~a~
itIJ lhQrJ fJ~
1uall~1U~1(IJ ~~fJ~b t1ubll~~l1ii~ ~~~ ~1(IJ1~mml~ld~ 1il~lu~au~~~~~i~btlu~all~~~~ml~ld~ lui1~~l1~~~~Yj~fi ~m~~1Yti 16 l11~~U~~d~~1Yti 17 j1all~~~~~b~~1~~~5Wa b~~~ lI~~0~ln~~~iH~~~ulln1Y(IJ~btJ~~ bW~l~b11~11nU lI~~0~lm~~tJ~~ml~ld~bba~~~~b~~~l1u llildl~l~WU5nU~til~
~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
1 pJruautJa1J~1JLu~0N7~~IJ~t11 2 pJruautJa1J~1JLU~n~lt1oJ1JLn~1J f U~~tx1JiNIt~1UIllfl~1W~1n UUU~U~O~1 L~~tOttJfl~1~il~m~nULU~~1J1~tli ~jjL~1~e~mJO~1~1 yi11~tft nill~lt1M1tl~nln ~~ poundj ~1 fttl ~1tltJ~(1t1 n~ 1 Peripteral temple
3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
lmH1~hLLUUmh~~ln ~~rUi~ij~ ~tl~111L~tl1111~B~ ~igthnJ~ ~01B~LL UUi11mi111nUB~~1tlnU JULUUn1~tl1nfiJ ~mh11~i1 LUULLUU tJB~ li1~ tlBmUU~~LLtii1 L~B~LtfUiir~Ln~~uLLrimrtl 111Ll1 m111~ B~nmr tl LtfUt~mnUnUO1n6i tf 1~riB~tiUtlB~ij 1ntlI~ VlLil~1~mQW1~lu~6itJ~tJB~~nltln6i
lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
~ln~lmvlmj~L01l~W~tiil101U1 lUUl1n~l~nU 1tJJ1mtJ~~ 111tl
-rt11tJ~~riB01-j1~m~il~01U1tJB~1 ~tl LtfU 1U01ri 1yen11~ JUijtJU1~ nil~1yenlqj ~~JUi~ O1-j1~yenIltl ~111lii1tlllu Btl1~lyen11~ tJ B~t tJ~ ~ 1li1~ Q~Ju i~ 1tJ1arLUU111~~O11l~ lutuum~ 111Ln~LL UUBtl1~01miJ~tl m ~~ 1mHlu ti B~~ 1J1ntJ~ ~LW ru tJ 111~tl-j ULB1LLUUO1miJ~tl m~~ tJB~ttJ~~~11ti~1tl LL~1liin6i1mUUhULLl1n~1~iJ1111~LL~ufi J ~L UU111 ~ ~01-j1~lUL UUtJmL~U (Constructive)
ltlU~1 mniJl1tlm ~~ tJ B~1~tllu~ ~tl ~t~~liiUrULuutJ~ ~1J1~ LBm~jiJ (Monochrome) ~B~ltriB1liiul~1iW6itJB~iu i~mntl LuUWIl~~jiJ (Polychrome) LL6i~U~~1N6ihn1~LL01I1~BBn~~LL UU
I (8
4
1 ~ntJnu~fl~1Y1UeurmfLli[Juflfl~UfllfitJ1IJltnlrl jj l1JJi~1J1~t lPl11~ li]U
iln~~u ~~U~OlJi~~11Ibullbull~OU~Lii~~mi1~~n1IJ(A) 2 1UftJJU fiflJJ1 Li1lt~fu iiYlfin~ lIfl~iil i1lllflJU11~ fifilmJ ft11J~u t~JjiimiN LUU1~ ~jj Lt1a~U~ riu~utJLuuoiu1 Oth1L n~un~1 mUlaquo1nLL~ (B)
3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
- - ~ -~ shy4 fl 01i1 fit n11JlllJilJlulJIU ~n~IY1ffi~~n1UY1NIQlIIl~l1l1l1 ~ ClJtUJUIJllt)-3 11JJ
LU uil n~~u -0 L~1~ ~r~d~mo ~~il niiuuoilnlffiJuutJ ~o
mh~ tJltl~iiltl tI~mh~ L~lJ~ lumJUltlfjfitJ11lJVfnfii1Wljjlt~ 21
Lrimdi1u fInBWltl tJ ltl~ iilJtJlJ Ljldiltl~Ylilljrulii~ iJelL iI iIl~ h ltllmj~mllj~ltll1~di1ubJ riltl111Lii~jjmj~mL~~ltl1~ltllU Lla~ jj n 1j1tillVIal ulI Q~tJlJ tIlJ tll~~ri ltlltll1~di1Ul~tlfil~tlij~L~m rllJ fllJn iI ~jj LlUU mj 1~ ila tI ~lI ilU lI~ rllJ di~ iI ~L1llJldiillmllJ
a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
LUlJdilJ fl1lJll1j~ltlh~~LUlJ lJjtJlJUUlJ ~mL~~libu a1~alU lJ jlJ
(Stucco)
LlU u ltlti 1 ~ila tI ~ tJ ltl ~f11l1L VIU ltl tJlJldiUllJ 11tl1lJltlm tJ ~u flj jlJ tJ ltl~ 1mfu di1U Ill mjllULltl1ltlmtJ~unj jlJ tJ ltl~L tJlJ jlJ1
ltll1~ LUlJtI jl~cent1 jjl~tltlj~ltl~il~ltiLtilJL~U1rlU ltlUti LLUU tIjl~il ~ltl1U~1lJ~~ltl~~1~lJVI151~ Yl~~lan ~ltllJl1lJltllJUltlfjfiUl~ltllJ tI alfJ Lla ~1lJ ltllJul~lJ 1nillJI11 I1j~tJltl~W j ~LiI~6LLa ~Wj ~t1jl~il
ltl~tI ~a~tlJ n1 lL~lJ it ~nl1 I1tJ1~lI11lJL UlJtJnLl~lJ tJ fl~Ll UUL~lJ 1tI lIiGi IIInjj II ~j ~ rllJ iJ1lJ rlU ~ 1lJltlmtJ~u fljjlJ ~ 1lJ
tIj ~~lJlnljlJtJ ltl~1 tJI1U1~jjll11lJalJ~lJfirlu tJltl~L tJlJj di~ ldimh1
Lli111 W j ~W I1fijtlm~fl1l1 LVIi) ltlJ ltl~ 1I1utJlJ jjll11lJ alJ~lJfi1lJ LLUU ltlti1 ~ rlU tJ ltl ~ ltlirUijtl~~ LL~l lJltllJU1tJ I1U tIj ~~lJl nl1I1U
- tIl - 1 1 ltlj 1 ~ LlU UW j ~Vj 11 5l tJlJlJ 1 ~1lJ lI 1 1lJlnLa ltllJ ltl lJ W j ~Vj 11 fi
il1ltllJ1 Lla ~lI11lJllImLti~L iffltll~mh~LlI1i1l~ Ljl11 ltl1 iI tl~ tllJldiLLUlJltllJh lIlJ1I1U1mlrultllJultJI1utJlJ
ldiLLU UW j ~Vj I1fil tI ill n1VIlJlJ lltlil~W j ~Vj I1fil tI LUlJLLUU 11tJ 11U
tJ ltl~~lJ illJ LL~L jlltl1 lalJUItjllJldih LtJ l1dill11lJ tJlJ~la1i1 ~~ ltll1~ LlU U llnW j ~Vjl1 5ltlm~fl1l1LVIU ltl lI~lJ~fllJ lL~ flWj ~ltl~ ~ i~mldiLtlllJ lt~afllJWj~Vjl1fiil1ltllJl1lJ1tJI1UldiulLLUUWj ~Vjl1fi ltllJlJL~Uua~i~mL tlllJldi1Uit ~ldi1I1l111lJtJlJma1i11VI~LLriilaUlJ ltl1tJI1U Wj~WI15jtlit ~illtl UlJ1I1U~~ltlll~tlJtJlJ L~lJ1tldiUlI1lJ
-illnlflui~ 1lJwl1~il1ltllJ1Lta ~lI11lJjjt1~ii~1i1 tJfl~illtltJlJ i1n~ru~
2
3
1 L6ltl1JLL1JUllUU1la~eUpoundJitllitJjjimtuWLAMtHfl~n1
2 LtUDtl~rujUtlqlltJ1tlth)tJ~111 jj49J~D~~ )J11ln LLuueU11UIiItlnrnjYIHJl1P1lwUtl
urntiULf1nu L~~r~UU qll~
31uftj~ti ~ti~1~tiUUfl1 ~ ~tI~ftj~ ~uLn~Ull f ~L~ ~ ~1~nfl1~Luua~ ntiftr~1I1 ~
l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
iiia 11~tI f1~ lt11tII1tnlUhumhtlYlflI1JJlf1rilUnUilI1imiJJ1Yltl LLa ~ if~ fl~jj f1~ ~a f1I1JJ 11U~~Uiila 11 mtllll~Iiitl lii~liULilf1lilmi1
lliii1iiiauU1tII1tllIiiLLltlI1~fIf1 0 ~ ~ f11iJJ tUfllJJ i~o tI fI ~ yj 1 ~1Yl tl
llhnUiila11LtJUltlri 1~~ ~
Lfl~iNilU6iUun ~lI1~am~iila11~tIltl~1Yltl1mlru~uu i ljjfl lJJ ~ 11~ lJJ ltl ri 1 ~ ~ ~ 11 i Lll YlllU ~ M ltlLfl ~ ltl ~ iJU~U L~ 1 tI ltl ~ ltIiifllamLa lt11tII1tllU~Yl li~I1ii~~ 19-20 ~ ~LtJU~i~oflUiii
bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
110U~H tJU ~~h lll ltl1lHjj ~n yj 1~110U~~ Iiitl al1altl ~Jl111a
u ii111~OmL~o I Lfl11 ltl uliitl ~Lti tleiltlUliU1jhwlulUvHimi
~~ LUJilmjjltllltJ1U LL~flillt1Ulil~~
itilumJmJfJl5fJ1 (Wf1 1890-2310)
ltI(llij~tlO~ ltlU1Ul1tlOiiJJtIltl~ltI~tlltl~litll~UUtlJJ 1jill1mL~~ LtJU~llj~ii ri ltlJJ LLIiUltlUi1iiia 11 ltI~ tlltltl litJ1UUlliiiu BYlll~ a ill 0 iill ~ ~jj i ltlU tlJJ m ~ illll01i I1mL~~ LtJUvlL~jf liU
ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
flU tU 1U~Ylti~I1iijf~ 21 ltltl tirll11iimialUWillU lmim~ lt1m UI1tl OiiJJ ltl til ~ LUJJJ~ U ii1111Ultlli 1ll1i ~ i ~L il iiili ~ i 11il~ii 11ilalYlilll~ lliiltlil~~UhlifL01tl11llJJI1 LVitl~U~ Y1il01mlruamU~Lll11 ltlltl~liUfth 11Lil ltl~Uh WUltlrl
~lUthUlYlal1alri (Ornamental works) tlfI~a~tlltlfltitJ1
liUjj ijru~hm~iiImJ~~ ~ ~ ~ ai1~ tUltlril~JJ 10JJ1rllliiLui ~1U til ~ lall ~lULLnn ~lULfl~ltl~O ell LLaLfl~ltl~Lfl11ltlU alllULfJ~ltl~ Lfl11ltlU~~li~1tltil1U11i~L Yl~iiU uaell~ ~jjal1altl61~111thlU
thLYl~BULiiitlliU h~lYlmtJU~ltlltlOU UUal1alri (Designs) ua
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nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
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jl1f1~jijilJ (Chin) 221-207
almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
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Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
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a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
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tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
tJfl~tllllil~lUflflmUU~ 2 ~fl~illntJ~~Ll1AliULi1ill lil~~tlU ii l~tlU tllllil~lUliln~ ~iJlI~ tJ 1I 111fllrulLtJlilLLa~iT~
~UilUInaUlU tllliUlnUlULnliltJ fl~lilU ua ~tJ ~ ~nflU Ii~~nil L~ lJ1
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amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
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m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
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5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
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jj Edo LUlJLilfl~I1~1~ (U~lUlJjfl Tokyo l11li) tI~~LI11l
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ilu~llJli1l1iiu Tannyu (1602-1674 AD) LlJlI~tillil11lJ L~tl1tf1llJmh~~~ Ltitlllfl1WaLum~iluOlW~j~il Ogata Korin
(1655-1716 AD) li1l1~iibjtllu~rlUflOllli1 thnllilOlllLlJlI a1l11i1l111i1tlthr111llJllJ1n1 tJ u~ilOl ll illJtl1m1n1lJ 1LtJlI ~~ UlI1iI10l h 1l1iliilliiA1iI1jj~ti 18 llilnOliJ1tl Realistic LLOl Idealistic
Lnliltlll flOl Realistic II Maraama Okyo (1733-1795 AD)
LlJlI~riilJi~ a1l1 Ganku Koma LlJlI~riuJi~ Kishi School illv v
thnllLlJlILLUUliInu~~lljnuudi1tllllalill Jatuku Ito (1716shy800 AD) LlJlI1(ililjmlljIJlt1 Decorative Painting ~~~lV1qj~u il1n Korin
-31llWJlW (Xylography)
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kawa Moronobu (1638-1714 AD) LtJlI~riuJi~~1l1fl1WWlJYl illJtl1VIlitJu~~lll
hjll tfll tf1illi1ldimjl ii~ tTlI ~ 1lInllUillil~mJntJ u~ilOl ll ll j IJl VI iiLti lI tf 11~ iJ lI LOl rJ nll~ 1iI jnjjlJ LLOl~ 1l1fl lWWlJ Yl IJu~
255
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~Ih~I1u llB~LHhLI1rltJill~~HltlltJ UlJOlll riLH~mJil~aHlntJii~ YiA~~ri hlllJltmiiL~nl HlJltJii~il1~ill1111a1jjii
111 jB~U lJjl~ii B~i11 HqjH~Brlj~lLlJjil ~tJm 111 tflll l11
HlJ ltJii~j ~U U ll B~~ni1lltl
m~ 11111 LL~ au 11~ tJ 111 ~ aln ltl LLoil hiii~ ~ riB al1 ~ llllL 111 B4ajru1ill ll B~ tf 11il dllBBniii111lJ a1tJ nlJUltl ~a~l ~hL~ tJ Llil
nUIIi1jlilLOltJ
ImHII~h ~tl hulqjlJEl~U fl-1Gl ii ~~l9iElllJil io f ~
1 i1ltlBlJjBU lJLIIBI1 1500 x 1300 LlJilj
2 ~1~tl11 (Causeway) iijl1Uulil~lJUli1 iI~ii~Iijj~B~ ilj~liil1111l~Lih (Entrance)
v t x 3 tflU (Terraces) ltl(lHltlunll 3 tfll tfllUjnlJLIIBI1 215 x
187 LlJilj iii111lJa~j1lJnll~~i11 6 5 LlJilj Lvimui~ltll11~I1AUtJ ~ ~ t l11t11 tfl11tflll1 2 il~a~n11tfllLLjn Ultl~tflll1 3 na~n11tflll1 2
i bull bull
tfl1111~ 3 ~IIUoiBlJjBUii1tJiH1ji1il (Galleries) iHlji1il~IIli 2
LLltl~tTII~ 3 iilJjl~iilJj~Uiljol11Btiilj~lJlJ (Comer towers) ilj~ ~
n ltl1~ f111 tTII ~ 3 iilJjl~ii B~iilJj ~(jl11L IuLBn (B1il lJj ~Uijjl11
LI11~lJH~~iil1ii~ii) ~ ~ bull v ~ 4 lHlji1 illlB~ tfl11 tfllUjn lJf11rlillHltlnllllilmLil~lJj~tJ~
d shytI11l~ 600 LlJilj ~~ 2 LlJilj LtJIILjB~jllJLntJjilLLOl~lJHlf11jil~
Ultl~ih~qji~ BiJtJlm~tJ1nUrlj ~iljollf (111jltJtU) Ln~tJjalll1j (Vishnu with the Churning of the Sea of Milk) f11rlilHoin~IIi LLail~hhlllii~IIjna1jjiiuiBilltJ1lJUoil (The day of Judgment)
tJ 11 100 LlJilj il ~L lll ~in ~Y11i11llJ ~ii i111lJ allBti1IIa1jjii ~111 ~in ~Y11i111lJ l11fhoi~ fiJ nlJ (lil lilni ~tf 1n1lJ ~11 jn
mrlilH~n~IIfln~111Hii~tI11lJj~lJlru 100 LlJilj uail~ii~ nljjU Y11iilna~i1jllJl11L~B~jllJL1itJjiilUltl~l11L~B~lJHlmjil~
LlJ~tJ ULlitJ Uf11rlilH~n~IIj~Hh~llB~ujlJlll11(jnullB~
lJWlilUltll tI fl~lJ~ ~lilb tJlJiilau ~lilnulii~lJlnn-h (Decoratives)
bLIiifjj tlililiiillllualil~ flfl n chfJI1 fllilll1LlIlJIlI1ll1LLa ~~11lJ LtJlJ
iillQ~fJ ~ tI fl~ tlllbtllJ i flth ~ bLIiIl~~
5 allilalfJ l111olnilmLIii~iilJjjfl~~11uflth~lJlnlJlfJ1ilJbtJlJ
~L ii1hl1bvi fl~11lJ~ ~l1lJ lfJ 1ilfJLl1lJ 1 ~alJ bvi fl Il ~lilnLLIii~lilatl1 UlilfJm~lJ11111~ ~ ~fl ol~ n1~ il1tiLvi flll ~u ~~mlilu~~tTlJrllJ rlU lil
m~li
eJIlQ ~fJ ~atl1uijn ~blJ ~illillJ~ illiliilfliiim (Divikara)bull
1hohnmi31 1i~11imhlultl111 nlJUi~~lJlm~lJtlfl~
al1fJfifllJbtllJ ~ (Pre-Khmer) JlJUi~aU ~11lJ alJjl11leJl11lJiilau ~ btJlJmh~ll1tYl1al~ llJal1fJbtllJ~ (Khmer period) JlJiilaUlJbtllJ~ lliu i ~l eJ a ~ 1lJtI fl~ 1illJti~ iflJ~ alaii~ ua ~tT~~ ~mnltlnjjUI~Ylblljj
tI fl ~ Ui ~~lJ lmilJ1UilU1Hlli U i~~lJ lmilJ tlfl ~ btlmJlJ t)bb ~ ~ nll~~I1~lill1i~~UlJfln LLa~~11lJ~~n~Ualil~flfln ~i~~I1fi~U tI fl ~ btllJ i 1 jj ltlnl+UI~Ii~millii(lbm1ilJrllJ 1i ~a~Ii fllJ111LlIlJ ti~ m~lJcU~11lJ ~~ntl fl~tlllb tllJiflth~u lill~~
l1ol~llln~I1filllilli~jj~ 18 lUbLltIl iilau ~tlfl~btllJib~lJbafllJ IiifllJ lii1au ~ tI fl ~1111]1Iill1BI1il~ ltlbbriiilau ~tlfl ~b tllJ ~ ~i ~~I1ll ~u
tI fl~ btllJ ~flIiBI1fi~a~i~~ I1fi~U bbUu11tIlfl] Ji~ bblli~I1llllil1~il+ ~ 20 btJ lJ1ilJlu tlllLtllJiUUi fllllalJ1illfJ HlJ1J1lJ
lJl]iila iJ mirlfllJ11 LLa ~iilau~ui~fjntil ~mlltJ1t1fl~b tllJi
IllUIl lJU IllJlJiitT~~ ~ all]nlJ1Jjbb~1UilUI
1lllth (Champa) mifJ II ~ilJ tI fl~U ~~b I1l1(flJ U1 (eJlJUlJl1lfltyllJ1lJU llliilJ)
JlJjjlJ1btJlJWlJtJ llilllJll~ilJ tI fl~ ~lJHibth~ ~fl U~ i fl ~Ui ~bI11l(flJUl
Ji~ ulliri fllJ~ ~atil~ml tl bLa ~l1ol ~ ~ ~atillllilliijj~ 1 4 (~I1fillilliijj ~ 19) 1lJ~~1111~~I1filllill~ijj~ 7 i~ ~I1llll(ilii~~ 18 tlll
i1lJ lJ11lii1u flYIil~nl1 ~li1llJ lijjlJil1nfllJ~~fJ 1lJlllJfJ1Jj1WWln
il1lJiiii1lJ1ilYI1~YIH1jlJ1n illJm~ti~1lJ~YIlii1i11jjlj~ 15 ~ln iilJ lI1fJ Tonkinese llii~ ih fj ~fljltl ~ltl1W1~ tJ~ tJltl~~lnil1lJl1~HlJ ~
Uu bl~h1lJlJ 1~ln il1lJr1~ItJ1ampil LJ
~i ltl~ il1n~ln il1lJ1mtJ1l1riltlll11~iH1j ~~~lniilJllii~11l1fJ i H1j~afJH1 fJ lImiJ ~fJ mjlJ tJ ltl ~ il1lJ ~ ti~ iN ~ Hii ltl ltl tiillJ YInllJl ii ~ iiUltlfJ
V
1 H1jtJltl ~ il1lJlJlJlJ IInljw~1l1~ ltl fJ 1 ~ il1l1fJn U1H1j tJ ltl ~ tJ ~11
mi11iiiltliiYJj~~ulJ~nJ1i1Ii (Cubical Cell) ~~iiLJj~lil~ih 1 LJj~lil blll~ii~LJii1HltlnYlJ 3 lii1lJ Hltl~iniH1j~LJm1fJ~bH~fJlJ (Pyramishy
dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
~llLJ~tJltl~~im Mison ~~ll~ Don-Duong bl~~YIfjil~ljIj
~ 12 blll~ 15 ~UlJjllLJ~JlJ~~ (Classic) hlJjllLJ~tJltl~~iltl~ Binh-Dinh ~ ~ltl~llJ~Hh~ ~ll 1643-204 3 JlJ~UlJjllLJ~llfl ~~ltllJ
~ln il1lJUUiim11l1lJ1nlJlil~UlJhlJ1mlj ~YI1lll1l1lJ1r1ii ~
UUiim Hi ltllJ tllJ lii~ LJ1nlhiiiH1jiJ1fJ~ YIllil1l1lJ1ltl ~ ti Donshy
Doung
thLflAlflu tJlJ tJ 111YIfJlliiltl~ fJ~ il1niill~~1lJ~m~ fJ ~ lliitJltl~ LJ ~~ YIlliilJ
~ tT1lJ 1aLJj~~YIil1YIfJ~~ LL~lIl1fJ 1Uj1Wmll 1lJ~YIIlllmjjlj~ 11 tJ111YIfJlliill11~ ltl1W1i1mti1lJ~i1t1lJ1lJtilJlJ1lJ (Yunnan) ltl1W1
i1nliiil11lJhi1IYI1 ~ LJ jdampill1l1~ilJ 1n blll ~llii~n~11l1fJl~fJ nUl1l1hlJ (Kublai Khan) 1lJ~YI1lll~1jljti 18 tJ111Y1fJii1liiltl~ ltl~ fJ~il1nblflllJti 1lJ~i1 ~ tT1lJ1tl~ LJ~LYIll~ ~jj 1blll ~LJ~LYIll1YIt
~UlJii1lJ1lJlJ1n
~~LL~Vll1li~lIll~~IYf 11-13 rULtJUtJWj~L~fl~i1fl~fllrul
~ml111~11amphJ~~tllt1UlURltJI111~l1WUilflVjl1li~lRUlehtJllUtJ1U
tJni1 ~fl~fllrul UlLlru1l ~ LtJU tJ~ ~L I1Al11 tJiJ II ~ uUil iJLijfl~hiqf1 lifl Ui1~tJ~~ ~I1fl~ llVl(~ (ll~H) ltl1iU 1ll1 ~lltJ~i1fl~R~tJ
1111 ~ l1ampi llii1iill1fiVlll LLri ~ll tJ ~111~ LIIUfl iI fl ~IlltJ IihtJ
1UVjl1 li~ 1Il1~IYf 13 ~ lt11~~~ljl1mLli~ tI ~11 iJiilU1II
tJni1~mUIIll~~ll1~ ii1 tltJ lLtJULiJfl~lhjhy 1lilJU li~~~ i1fl~
~lj 11tJ IIIn III flUtii iJ fl ~ tJ ~ ~L 11 ~1 11 tJhiu~l tJ ii ~ IIlflULIIU fl ii~ LiJ fl ~
Lt1tJ~LLRU Vlln~ll~mrUilflVjl1li~lRUlehtJ~II1tJ1U
1I1nVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 16-18 LiJ~~iJiilUll1tJni1~fl~nli1 IIldU flflm5tJ~LIIUfl nli1nlll~ Ull ~lll~ltilU i1flmli1LIIUflilfl~
tJ ~ ~L I1~1 I1tJ tll1Li1~~rU iI flT~ ~lRUl11UIIlLLll ~Vl I1li ~lRU liJ1 tJ ~IIltJlU
tll11I1tJltiilJ R~ IJR1Ufl ~ rlUtlU tllUi~ flqf ~ ll1~ LLll ~L i1~ ~
fl ~ LtJ U ~lIll ~~ IY Iii~r U1lilJU li ~~~ U~ ~~ll tJ ~ Ii ~ i1 lmmlrlU ~ LVl ~ 1 ~h1lilJ U li~ ~~ iJ fl~ tl Uti1 Ui LII huiJ ii~ 1 1I1nBULampi tJ 1ii~rU
1lilJU li~ ~~ iI fl~Ill tJ Ii ~ 11U fl ~ tlU n1 ~URIIl~flflnl11~Vjl1fitlqfqfl iI fl~ BU Lampi tJ lib tJ LL~Lj fl ~ IIIn tIUtilUi1l ~ ~l~tlUL tJUtJmL~U 11U1mUVjl1li
~1Il1~~IY~ 18 ru llliojU1lilJUli~~~~1111niulihtJ1l~LtJUR~n1~BU hiqf1U~ ~IIil~ tllUi~1~1 1ULflLil tJ flli1Lruil fL~~lliuml~LIIlqf ~ J ~~L~fl~i1U
LLi11U~1~1 iJfl~1I1tJ1l~~~lliUL tJUBR~~luR~tJ1mlrurU~~ fl~I11~mmllUfl iJLiJfl~Lt1tJ~URU LiJfl~~h~ LiJfl~Vl~LtJl LiJfl~IIlll~
Vl~~U1~ ~~U~tJ~~~lruVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 15
Amlt1hhtityIJfl~Itu iJlli~~flltJil Vltlillmllf 1781 rifl~~fllrul~mRliJlltJ
1818-1860 ojtllf~tJilfl~yjflJU~l~fhLll~~i1tfl~
iI fl Hjl iIlltJ 1U ~ ~tJ ~L1ll1 LiiitJltlU tlU ojtllf~ tJ
2
44
3
bull bull 4
Renuf1fJ n11)1ltJi1 J1~fIIfl1tJ PI R~ riUfttl1UltJ ninJ~fl~iiuLVI L11 L1lJ rilJ1t11 Ufl ~ J ~WJ1ngt1~~
1 Lffl1ULllft1 (Club-house) tItl~tUJ11JJiIJtUt1JJ1f111
2 171m nuuu14Oj1uIi1fu]MnWJ0iil ~1~ Hnu1-o11J1u1JrLgt1 ~iiU~L UL~~
Ufltl1Jt~1
3 ~uuthu1gt1~-iiU~LUL~~
4 5 ftCl1iJfltJniiJJlJf)~~U
L4111~1J11JJI1 j~l-rwLtI u1ft l ri tl fth-J til rTruJu ijinttrutun 11 lItJ mnJ Ltlu LhuittJJriu
1J fI ~Ii flY lJj llJ rllbb II~ Ii fI IIlJ bll ~j 1 fJ ah ~ bil fI ~
btlfJ~jlmbltt ~Ujfl~ btlfJ ~1IIjj
1893 Wj~bjljllJ1Bu~ah~n1~~f1f1limbJlJUjfl~
IIltt1~1IIjj1JfI~lI1fJ
1910 n1~ll1JI1fJ~lJnun1~~f1f1ll~1 231 0 n1~~f1f1llmbamlfiW~jjl ill~1II11fJ
2 318 Wj~bjl111nitlJj1lJl11mJlJtJnbb~lJ ah~Ujfl~
IIltl1~ 1IIjjiilllJljl
2325 bjlWj~mjnl bJlJn~1Illl~lJjl1f1~fjnl
al1~n1~l1IlJlnitlJI1i ~
2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
(King Mongkut) b~lJliilbijlJWj~jl1falJ-WlJllllJ1Il nUlJIIllillJlllh~Ib~bl1~
2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
f1~111 (King Chulalongkorn) Ulf11jtJlijjlJ
1IdlJ1InbiillJl-WIilJlJl1b~b I1~1 11pound1
iialla3TtlfifllJl11tJ (Pre Thai Periods)
~GiI1mrtJm111Wi (Davaravari Art)
illtt IJ ~mr poundI 1111 jl1~al1~ ~lJ bvi f1~lalJ lVjl1llH1 fJ lJ 111 fJ 1lJ
il ~bbjnMtll1BWltt llnilltt IJ ~airfJ f1lJ jl1~ ~f1lJ liij~ l~llnilltt IJ ~airfJ
~ IJ 11 ~ 1J f1~ lilJb~tJ 1Ilmh~u b~lJ bbjn illttUlJairpoundI 1111 jl1~bii tJlJbbUU
nljall~Wj~Vjl1Ii~IJllnairtJ~IJ1I~f1~l~bbl1l~~ ~f11 lJliij~~f1tJi1
rnlfru~1Jf1~1IlJbf1~lJln~lJ ~1lJ IJj ~~lJ In jjlJ 1JfI~airtJI111jl1~ii UlalJllbJlJVib~lfJlJbJlJ~llJh~1I ~lJb~11vl bbltt ~lJiJlJ ~ ~bba1l~ 1I1b j 1 bjlJ1~1i~r nlfru~Vi b~jf1J f1~ biffI If l~b UlJ f1~ 1~ ~ ~ ~ illtt IJ ~ I111j11~ bUlJalJ n1 j ltl111]J 1J fI ~ n 1jIifI ~~ afltt Ii1 ~ n1ja l1 ~W j ~Vj 11 Ii
~IJI11~1l1il bIIilfl 1JfI~111pound1
middottiFmiddotmiddot
1 pji~1Uf1-1 (Side elevation) ~EI-11~1lLlIlJ t111-1fffl1lJtJtlll~fl~1 2 LLUUtJ1111111tl-1lUI LLflll-1 ~uil~inMtU~ LfIlML1hultJlriunuu 71-31fII e-1 LtIll LLlfi
11tJmiddot~titJY1ft1 i (A)lnll1mi1U1U~nL1li~1IJtJr~l1ril ~OUti ~rUi1u L~ ftfl~~~1~tiOM~ Li1UztJL~1J 3 4 i~J~huUflt1-1I1lJlltl-4)~1IIlJl (3) lInLLliHIiltJItlllfl1t1ti1UUwmuJu ijpj)
U1flflIMl1tJmj1UUluiL11hW~h~tluU7l1tHtlmrU~IiIiiLLU1Jfll ft1Ull11nLlIlJ
LliiOfltlUWJ1ln-J1
fitftl1mJllmirTII (Srivijaya Art) bri m~ l1j1l1ii~WJ 1lJ lJ WU fi elUIn lt1pound 111 tJ ltl~ tlj W1lJ InljlJ
f11~1l1~ bHih tJ ltl~1mlflu tlj W1lJ InljlJ tJ ltl~ tl 1 r1~ ~l 11111h iii01 tltJ ltl~ tl l~~ljhu h~ 1I1bn 11Iil 01 tluUUbil~~ bbflU ~u (StyIe
of Chiengsen) amill1l~nljlJm~1l1~bHUmJltl~1f1~lih~U1jj ltlUrlU lWiual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruiiI01 tlJ ltl~i101 tlJ I~~ojiT~ b~ltl~Bf1GVi 01 Jltl~iiI01tltllallmlojiT~d ltlllbuultll(if 2 mlbt~ ~ltl mlbt~ HO ~ r ~ Iiii 01 tl iilojiT~1Wijj Bf1G Vi 01 Ol tilUiii01 tl all~ a1Jl1~ (if~ IiU Ii ~lj I ~1 Uiii01 tl m~1l1~ bHU I Wi tJ1l1 ~ H lt1~ bri ltlVi jbij1jllJ III bbm lj iilU1ltlnilj ltl~1l1~ l(ifI1lO1 ltll1lbbH01lJlJ 01lfJ
~ftl1ffillJlf)JJ (Khmer Art)
bri rnriu iii01 tl tJltl~ btJlJjliu 1f1~ lii~u bltl1UUUltltil~f11~iilU amill1l~nljlJbb01 01I1I01l~l1InU~~lJl1 llH01l~ ltltil~ bb~l~lii~ Ubltll ~lU tlj W1lJlnljlJ tljlJma-jl~~tl b~ljVi (Statuary) b01 ~
itft 11IrllI
Vi jVjf1Ii~ tl tJltl~ all~mljl~ ~ojiT ~ bb01b f)lJj 1111~lJ In a-jl~bUuvlbiilbt buu~ tl iilHlt1niu humVjf1Ii~tl tJltl~ 1f1~ a-jl~
iimh~11I Hlnlmhl11(lnMltl btJult1nbtruJltl~mjiJuyjel~ ~~ briltliJuult1Ii~thl tlHltimu~101H dbuU~Hh~qJ~h l11bllll1lmj bbal1l~ltlltlnm~ll1lllltJltl~tlll f1~lii
itftl1ifmllffU llft~ftl1rI1m1fimi1a
ami GI OnUI amill1l~nljlJtJltl~1f1~1ujlru~ill1l iitT~ bHii ltlltl~l I1bluM ltlVijblM ~ ~ual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruv1biilbtf)Ol~ iiI01tl BUb~~ Vi ~1 bb01 ~~l T~ 1uallm il~~bbauliu 11 ll jj~~ riltla-jl~ 1Ujlru~ill1lbHiiltlltl~Ul~ u~iluiltl~llJWlU jObUUtl1 H1n ljOlj l11l~Ubjjltl~b il~~ bbau1UOlti 1~ l~~ ~~ rfi~l h~ 1I1bjl1iiHlt1n
4
1 tlJ~ltVitif1~ ti~lU~1~1 jji~1~1~L~~Ufl1 2 LiititlJ~ ltVilUUflUfl1nlJ1f1 i ~1U~O U~ untilJ~o~i~ fl1 ~ffiili ~ o1i~1 i1lt~aTlItliLDt1~fl~tl1 (A) LLuuio1i~fiI1tl1ijtJtlJlLULLpj~tur1UffiUYH ~~ 111 3 WlfI- 4
~lU~l~U~~l~~la~~au~~~~~~~ual~~l~Ul~
all U~~n~~~~ 1~1l1i1 bwQ ~ ~ ~~1~ ~ hu111qjll mHII~
~~~W~jjl al~bb~Il~~5Wa~au~~u~~~d~ ~au~~~~bll~~hXiU
lu blul~1111~au~ml~ldiii ~jlt1~ bba~b~~~ wa~~~~d~nu bii~~illntJl~l1n~lum~u~~l~~la~ bbu u~til~~aU~l1al~ bbuului~~lntiil~mildl~~til~bbjjU~Ul1 nuamu~~m~~lu btlutJ~~ail~lumj~1~
lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
l~Wu5nubbuuW~~Yj~fi~u~~~all~iju~~ ~~ll~~d~m~mu~du r~ii~a~15bWtl~ W~~bil~~fi~uth~na~ lldl~u~~~m~nUl1~~ 111qj W~~Yj~fi~Ubb uuiillW~~bfl~~lalb t1u~u~~nUdl1~ bba ~tll~ l~ 111llIH~~ a~illnW~~~~ a~bbfi ~ldW~~l~ ~ W~ ~Yj~fi~ua 1~~~~
~~~all~bb ~nad~~l~bba~ill~~ li1~ln
illn~~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 18-20 W~~Yj~fi~Um~1l1i1 bl11l ~1~u~~5Wa illn~au~al~tf~ 1il~iI~b lul~illnn1~r~ii~bull a~15~lU dl~u~~~flb~n W~~bil~~llbuadi~ll bba~tll~l~llll11
~~~a~~l~~W~~uln illnm~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 20 ~au~ n1~ail~W~~~fi~um~1l1ml1i1~rb~~bll~~a~
itIJ lhQrJ fJ~
1uall~1U~1(IJ ~~fJ~b t1ubll~~l1ii~ ~~~ ~1(IJ1~mml~ld~ 1il~lu~au~~~~~i~btlu~all~~~~ml~ld~ lui1~~l1~~~~Yj~fi ~m~~1Yti 16 l11~~U~~d~~1Yti 17 j1all~~~~~b~~1~~~5Wa b~~~ lI~~0~ln~~~iH~~~ulln1Y(IJ~btJ~~ bW~l~b11~11nU lI~~0~lm~~tJ~~ml~ld~bba~~~~b~~~l1u llildl~l~WU5nU~til~
~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
1 pJruautJa1J~1JLu~0N7~~IJ~t11 2 pJruautJa1J~1JLU~n~lt1oJ1JLn~1J f U~~tx1JiNIt~1UIllfl~1W~1n UUU~U~O~1 L~~tOttJfl~1~il~m~nULU~~1J1~tli ~jjL~1~e~mJO~1~1 yi11~tft nill~lt1M1tl~nln ~~ poundj ~1 fttl ~1tltJ~(1t1 n~ 1 Peripteral temple
3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
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logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
alYfJtJltJ~m~ifna~fl~llJ (Periods of the Warring States) 481-221
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almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
tJil~ lIIlJbUlJhAqjlJ1IJ1ii1U jlWn1ltl lt111fiiill iJI1illlltl~~ 1VIqjil~~ri 1WllJ fj j jlJ IJltl ~~ltl1lnl jlJ tJil ~ If111ilJ biiil ~ illn If111ilJ1~ ~ lIIti~L~il~
~lJb VIllillJrlU If 11111~1UlIInVIlillf l1iJlJbampitJ lii~rlJ 1lJnlJ~mJ ~tI il~IilJ l1l~lJ Ii~Wll tJlJ11111VIqjbbltl ~ll mllJalAqjlJiltJnilfijjlJIf1~ biiil~ lln
11 -flfqjl tJil~1ilJ Iiilil11j ~lt5mtl11~fjjjlJ If1 ~~~VIltllmUlJ tJ il~lJ llln
middot~ 2 _ _
3 4
1 nlNnftlJ~yn f (CUcu1M Temple of Heaven) luniiln~ nlN ~ ~ d t gt_t t
n~JJuaV1NiUiiUJJ~U~JI~TI~IIlJUII1UflnU3 lI
2 illlJ11flml1rilUfulL~~tllllJl (Temple of Welcome of the New Year) hmt~i1n~~ bull 1
3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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mjnuH~mbll l1l91~~b~mnll w~JIIbihil~btlllmJ1 IIn ~~bJ1ublbull H1JOJi111 ~~ll flllJ hYqJbtilllampimnllui ml lnJOJ 1IInllilmJ ~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
i~iUJ tI OJ ~ tI tltll ~ ua ~byItll[J ttlltI~ eJtlb~lJ 1tI ffi fJlll1li lJ OJ poundh~~ ~ ~1~ltI~lUl9lfJnlJl~ltI~~~~tl1191fJu~n~tlOJ~i1llJ~l9It1OJ~
tltlttl~~ ua~tlOJ~i~i1lJlh~1 ntl
ntl~l9InilJb tltle-lal9le-laeJIIbn 19Ii11n~19I1i1 bbli~nj htltl ~shy
ampilJlnilJJtl~OJ~b tltl~b t111i1il bOJn1l1VieJtltl~ltl1tlnalJn~II eJtl
bnl9lillnlJ01~1[J1 il1n-~tlm~ni ~u OJn eJIIll ultlh tlOJ~ eJlVi[J
illHltln ~tll1Jtl btltl ~1tl illHltln a lm~tllJ lnnil iI ~b tltlntl illHltln
tI ~ampilJ lmlJ ~m Hij1~~ hieJ1i1btIi [J Ubfi[J untltl ~ampilJ InlJ
tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
11~~ tIII OJn tI OJ~ ni ~m~ltill 19I ~111 hl1lU1tl~1tlVl5ni lJ eJtlbtltltlOJ~ltI~l~~IIb~OJ 200 tJriOJIIi1lltllilm01 ltJbl1OJ~I1~Jtl 111
ltill1~ UtI ~b VitUbbli~ UiVi Uilt lJli1tl thuiIiI UII1 1tl ~Hil~[Ji1 qq ~
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~ tim ~ tI OJ~m ~~ 1~ bmil1nU~ Itl ~l9Ini lJ ttl ~p tI OJ~ltllJmi~ bba ~ IiOJ~ blfibtll1i11~il tI~bVitUJtllluI1U111OJpoundil~1mil101~bbrii101tl~ tlOJ~illbtitlh ~ltli101tlnilJtlfl~tI~LflmOJ~ (Minor Art) tlOJ~itl
U l e-I01 ~~19I1tlm bbltll9l~ flflnii ~flllJiitnOJpoundil~lJl1ffil ii nll
illa OJ~u01o1flmil[JtlbbUUntli101tlttl~~JII Ultll9l~1libltlti~i1llJ i)[J lJ tllJ tl OJ UOJ poundi 1~ ~ ~~ll fl ~ urintl~II bbUUeJtlm [JnlJ btltlbbli bbYi
tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
i1 l ltlliln 101 UlJili1hi bri lUribl1ll OJtl n uti lampiffllt11911 tI OJ~ ~f1t11i1
bb01 tI OJ~ blJ1lt11tI bl9lbll [J r11911lJ tI b11 ffiltl fill e-I 011tl I11~~lMnl ltlnltwJi~ bampilJ tI OJ ~ 19Itll1l~ iltlti ~ UiI iIUII
Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
lh ~tl1if~UrhtfUti1itJltlU lh~tl1if~U1 iii fl tJ ~ ~au n1 ~itn a~ il ~ l~ fl~ ti fltJil~ ~ ~tilaltJ~~lilnl11~jatJ ~tJfl~tllUihU 1my tittJl1ll11tJ~U
a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
t tTl~ l~tJ ~ ~t M~Ur lill~ tIUtlll~UlhJ~tJitJUililU il~ ttUU fl~tlU l al1tiillaflUtJfl~tJ~iltta~tl1alilflfltJlilafllil~l
tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
t1l 1I ua~liULi1ill LL~fIl15ViaLmhiillii(lmjflll llillljauU~U il~JUbull Lfl~jatJ ~tJ fl~~U 5~ Inlilruanru~tJfl~lilU1i1liiLnflu 4000 tJ
tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
tJfl~tllllil~lUflflmUU~ 2 ~fl~illntJ~~Ll1AliULi1ill lil~~tlU ii l~tlU tllllil~lUliln~ ~iJlI~ tJ 1I 111fllrulLtJlilLLa~iT~
~UilUInaUlU tllliUlnUlULnliltJ fl~lilU ua ~tJ ~ ~nflU Ii~~nil L~ lJ1
tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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btJlJjj ~mlltJ~lJ In1IImbfluJ1111tl1IImb~ l~lJ~n bjil~ IllnjjmtIltIlJ~mll~amplbtJlJii~lJ~ntll11IiiMultl~ 3 I~~
ffl llll1 (Religion)
tll1btJlJUUiiil~~ii1~ bbltl~~ ~itl btillbamplmtllltlU all5
lJI11tJl11m~Vjlln~1llllliJltJI1ii~iJltJl~I1lil~~ 2 iJltJ iillbUII
11 an bbli~111lJb ~illiIIm~l~ 11l n~~tJ11iilun lb~l~ilb UIIii1 ~ bbltl ~~~itliJ1~llJ lbn~ 11~il ljjflbiJIImd~5a~1 brimll~1l ll1 ~ ~ bba1 ~~ lJ tJ il ~ n ~~ il fI Il ~1Iiilu 111Utllbti IIbll1lJ
Iii~rIIb il~i111 tJ il ~ btJlJ ii ~ il 11llJ ~ampil111 lJ~ 1~ tJ il~ ~ 1llll1
~1~111ii
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1 UUU~~-1~1lWU1l1fl-3Ll~11 CiI U~~-3L~ L~ln-3pJLlfln6U-3 l1~lIfl-31l1UUfn1leurolR~1 2 UU flLlllfl-3lfil rltIl l ijl~)j n1n~~ Lii ~ UUU LLUflUlIfl-3 L~)JtlLli~ lJll
3 pJ~~U (Gallery) i1H Youl UU -Corbelling )1i11m i1gti1IJ Ujl-3)j f1J1)J ntlN-11 riLntl-3Rl-3R1~ UJ IlLIntri1~1 n1f1-31VlujjllLl1~ntj1-3~1 mlLl
1uun11L~ Corbelling Vaults )jfl111~n7~li11~ i-3tiUlIfl-3Ll14t-1Jifl-3L-na-3fil1W
4 5 LLUULR1LVl~tI)JlIfI-3LlI)JI ufI-flJLlflLiiU1If1-3flJ~fl1U~1~n~LR1
Ltlll ~jj ii1U11 tJn ~ ~ fl ~ rlll ~ tf11J01n1~ n 011 ~ tl fl~ tJ ~L fI illfI tI
~~ Ii fl ltI i 1~ elULUU fl4 ltI~ ruJ1UlUll 1nll1 tIlliiYl 11111liL1IUii~ ii1U1 I
LL01fl1 ~ tlli~ ~ll tl fl~Ltlll ~ 1Urlflllilil ~ ~Ilfi 18 tJ~LfI illfI tIllii bull G bull
Lflm1tf lJo1 I1nI1Ufl1 U1Jm Ltlll ~n(lllLilflll o1~ tJ~L flillflm~ll
~ill IJ~~ ~U lliitl nnfl~YirlhllMll~ tf11101lt1~-l~ IULtlll~ (ifl~ti1t1 Ujfl~l101l~ I1nU~ ~ llll1tJt1~rlUllL tJlJ
)11
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1111~ lJU Ltl1f)L01 11 tJ ~ ~Il~lUill di~ il 111 ltllltIQ
rlll~ tl1jjU~~ llllLlUijUtln O1l~
1240-1432 LUUltlltllltltlfl~rl~Lij1BJml~lJUfi 1 jjLjjl~ Roluos LUULjj fl~ l101l~ ltIi1~i111~fiLlJ fl~rl ~1~ LL01Ujfl~lJ1nfl~ (Pra Ko Bakong)
1432-1443 LJUitlltllJtltlfl~rl~~ij1t11lt11~lJUfi 1 m~LJJ~ lllY11~n1~tlO1tJ~YI1U ltli1~Ulfl~rlUlllJ1Ln~ (Phnom
Bakheng)
1471-1484 ~UUitlltllltltlfl~rl~Li1titll~llJfi 4 ltli1~Ljjfl~ l101l~lmjiiflUjfl~1t~~tJ~fi Kha Ker
1487-1511 LUUltfltllJtJtlfl~rl~Lij1~1~tfUfI~1~llJ ltli1~LLjj
lJflUilJflfln (East Meban) IJtJ~jrl (Pre Rup)
L~01UUfl1t1~1t1 (Banteai Srei)
1511-1544 LJUitlltllltltlfl~W~Lij1titll~lJfi 5 ltli1~i111~ YlLUn1il (Phineakas)
1545-1593 LlUitlltllltI tl fl~W~ ~ij1lt1~rn~lJJfi 1 ~lJtlJ1 fltI ltli1~i111~i1LUh (Ta Keo) lminlJU~~llll
ilJ1h~ (Portal) 54middoth~tiUlihJLIIL~mi1LlJ1
2 ri1lflLiltJ~lIpound1~Lft1Litw
3 a1a1tJlIpoundILlI1-J1trQ~lJl1 uiJd1l1illn LLPi~~Cl1UfJnT1)11 llrr LLlJiriiil~li1-J-)
ftmulUn=1~ ~~tulhttJ
204
VilULLltl~LL~UflUil~lUiln (Baphuon and West
Mebon)
1656-1693 LtJUlfltll1poundJ tJfl~Vii~L~lltl~mil1U~ 2 ltlll~Ujjililbull LU~LuiLLltl LLltl~UUYI1poundJltl1IJLL i (Angkor Wat Beng
Mealea and Bantei Samre)
1720- UjjitiIJ~nhIJmilpoundJVilmmJ
1724-1761 LtJU lfltl11poundJ tJ fl~Vi i ~L~lll poundJlil1U ~ 7 ltlll~hl1i VjYItiA1ltlU1~U1poundJU (Bayon) lUU~mlllVl1iLri1 ltll1~lVl1iil1ViiIJLLltl~Vii~t1U (Taprohm amp Pra
Khan)
1823- 1Y1 poundJ poundJnnfl~I1Vi Lii11ni1ULtJIJiLtJUjj~LL in
amul1lpoundJnIJ ltlmUl1IpoundJniiIJ tJfl~LtJIJiiijjl1IJL tJUunLLIiU
LtJUfl4ltlirU lVl1itJfl~LtJIJiiiLfln1l1Viii~1ULLtJ ltlULLltl~~tJm~ LLlJi1
I dliflu LLU Umh~lJ111ntJfl~BUL~poundJ LL~ltlmtJUntJfl~L tJIJi~llifltlll~
~lUltlmUilpoundJniiIJ tJfl~l1IU t1UlJ1LtJULLU UtJfl~L tJIJi Vli~jj 1 tJfl~L tJIJi
LLltll1l~ 1l1LlUii~ BYIfiViltl tJfl~~U UiLltllriLVI~ poundJIJ ~ll)lltl-i ~jjl11LlL tJU
LLUUtJfl~LtJIJiLfl~ (Original) iifl~tJjj1t1 lt51UinjjtlJ~ LnU LltllLLUU
(Caryatids) tJfl~Vinn~mLltl~bl1U i11UUlil~tJU1jj (Balustrades
with nagas) ~tJU1~eltJltli~ltl1poundJ~1IJ ~tJU1jjilnLLi~VlU1~1 LLltl~ lltJ i~tJ fl~BUL~poundJ-i~L tJIJillifU1Lfl1IJ 11tiIiiIilLLtJltl ~L tJU tJi1~i1 ltll1~t1U il1IJ~IJlVl1i Lrlfl1l1fl~i1tJi~nflU tJ fl~ ltlmUIilpoundJniiIJjjjj11IJLtJUun
LLIiUUltl ~jjl1IJ bjlhlf1miifllil1 JULtJUnUell l~poundJ ~tJ fl~LtJIJi
llilpoundJ~11tJm11 Li1fJ11nlti111lifi1 LtJIJiltl11~lVl1itfU 2 LLUU
iifl ltl11~tJi1~i1 (Tower) LLUUVlii~ -i~I~jjIJtJVI~fll~jjIJtJ~l~ ~n LLU U Vlii~rUjj ltl1Uhi1l LLltl ~ltl1U tJ i ~n flU ii fl jj1ii1lVl1iJ~ fl ~ nltll~ ~flIJ i flU ~1 poundJtJ i 1~f( fl ~ il i~~IJ ii~ 1ii1lVl1 iLLltl ~tJ i1~ i1~lJii~~fl~ UU r ~ bull lIpoundJnViULuU IfUl lV11ifl~jjnltl1~Vii~LlJi (Mount Meru) flULuU
205
~Ih~I1u llB~LHhLI1rltJill~~HltlltJ UlJOlll riLH~mJil~aHlntJii~ YiA~~ri hlllJltmiiL~nl HlJltJii~il1~ill1111a1jjii
111 jB~U lJjl~ii B~i11 HqjH~Brlj~lLlJjil ~tJm 111 tflll l11
HlJ ltJii~j ~U U ll B~~ni1lltl
m~ 11111 LL~ au 11~ tJ 111 ~ aln ltl LLoil hiii~ ~ riB al1 ~ llllL 111 B4ajru1ill ll B~ tf 11il dllBBniii111lJ a1tJ nlJUltl ~a~l ~hL~ tJ Llil
nUIIi1jlilLOltJ
ImHII~h ~tl hulqjlJEl~U fl-1Gl ii ~~l9iElllJil io f ~
1 i1ltlBlJjBU lJLIIBI1 1500 x 1300 LlJilj
2 ~1~tl11 (Causeway) iijl1Uulil~lJUli1 iI~ii~Iijj~B~ ilj~liil1111l~Lih (Entrance)
v t x 3 tflU (Terraces) ltl(lHltlunll 3 tfll tfllUjnlJLIIBI1 215 x
187 LlJilj iii111lJa~j1lJnll~~i11 6 5 LlJilj Lvimui~ltll11~I1AUtJ ~ ~ t l11t11 tfl11tflll1 2 il~a~n11tfllLLjn Ultl~tflll1 3 na~n11tflll1 2
i bull bull
tfl1111~ 3 ~IIUoiBlJjBUii1tJiH1ji1il (Galleries) iHlji1il~IIli 2
LLltl~tTII~ 3 iilJjl~iilJj~Uiljol11Btiilj~lJlJ (Comer towers) ilj~ ~
n ltl1~ f111 tTII ~ 3 iilJjl~ii B~iilJj ~(jl11L IuLBn (B1il lJj ~Uijjl11
LI11~lJH~~iil1ii~ii) ~ ~ bull v ~ 4 lHlji1 illlB~ tfl11 tfllUjn lJf11rlillHltlnllllilmLil~lJj~tJ~
d shytI11l~ 600 LlJilj ~~ 2 LlJilj LtJIILjB~jllJLntJjilLLOl~lJHlf11jil~
Ultl~ih~qji~ BiJtJlm~tJ1nUrlj ~iljollf (111jltJtU) Ln~tJjalll1j (Vishnu with the Churning of the Sea of Milk) f11rlilHoin~IIi LLail~hhlllii~IIjna1jjiiuiBilltJ1lJUoil (The day of Judgment)
tJ 11 100 LlJilj il ~L lll ~in ~Y11i11llJ ~ii i111lJ allBti1IIa1jjii ~111 ~in ~Y11i111lJ l11fhoi~ fiJ nlJ (lil lilni ~tf 1n1lJ ~11 jn
mrlilH~n~IIfln~111Hii~tI11lJj~lJlru 100 LlJilj uail~ii~ nljjU Y11iilna~i1jllJl11L~B~jllJL1itJjiilUltl~l11L~B~lJHlmjil~
LlJ~tJ ULlitJ Uf11rlilH~n~IIj~Hh~llB~ujlJlll11(jnullB~
lJWlilUltll tI fl~lJ~ ~lilb tJlJiilau ~lilnulii~lJlnn-h (Decoratives)
bLIiifjj tlililiiillllualil~ flfl n chfJI1 fllilll1LlIlJIlI1ll1LLa ~~11lJ LtJlJ
iillQ~fJ ~ tI fl~ tlllbtllJ i flth ~ bLIiIl~~
5 allilalfJ l111olnilmLIii~iilJjjfl~~11uflth~lJlnlJlfJ1ilJbtJlJ
~L ii1hl1bvi fl~11lJ~ ~l1lJ lfJ 1ilfJLl1lJ 1 ~alJ bvi fl Il ~lilnLLIii~lilatl1 UlilfJm~lJ11111~ ~ ~fl ol~ n1~ il1tiLvi flll ~u ~~mlilu~~tTlJrllJ rlU lil
m~li
eJIlQ ~fJ ~atl1uijn ~blJ ~illillJ~ illiliilfliiim (Divikara)bull
1hohnmi31 1i~11imhlultl111 nlJUi~~lJlm~lJtlfl~
al1fJfifllJbtllJ ~ (Pre-Khmer) JlJUi~aU ~11lJ alJjl11leJl11lJiilau ~ btJlJmh~ll1tYl1al~ llJal1fJbtllJ~ (Khmer period) JlJiilaUlJbtllJ~ lliu i ~l eJ a ~ 1lJtI fl~ 1illJti~ iflJ~ alaii~ ua ~tT~~ ~mnltlnjjUI~Ylblljj
tI fl ~ Ui ~~lJ lmilJ1UilU1Hlli U i~~lJ lmilJ tlfl ~ btlmJlJ t)bb ~ ~ nll~~I1~lill1i~~UlJfln LLa~~11lJ~~n~Ualil~flfln ~i~~I1fi~U tI fl ~ btllJ i 1 jj ltlnl+UI~Ii~millii(lbm1ilJrllJ 1i ~a~Ii fllJ111LlIlJ ti~ m~lJcU~11lJ ~~ntl fl~tlllb tllJiflth~u lill~~
l1ol~llln~I1filllilli~jj~ 18 lUbLltIl iilau ~tlfl~btllJib~lJbafllJ IiifllJ lii1au ~ tI fl ~1111]1Iill1BI1il~ ltlbbriiilau ~tlfl ~b tllJ ~ ~i ~~I1ll ~u
tI fl~ btllJ ~flIiBI1fi~a~i~~ I1fi~U bbUu11tIlfl] Ji~ bblli~I1llllil1~il+ ~ 20 btJ lJ1ilJlu tlllLtllJiUUi fllllalJ1illfJ HlJ1J1lJ
lJl]iila iJ mirlfllJ11 LLa ~iilau~ui~fjntil ~mlltJ1t1fl~b tllJi
IllUIl lJU IllJlJiitT~~ ~ all]nlJ1Jjbb~1UilUI
1lllth (Champa) mifJ II ~ilJ tI fl~U ~~b I1l1(flJ U1 (eJlJUlJl1lfltyllJ1lJU llliilJ)
JlJjjlJ1btJlJWlJtJ llilllJll~ilJ tI fl~ ~lJHibth~ ~fl U~ i fl ~Ui ~bI11l(flJUl
Ji~ ulliri fllJ~ ~atil~ml tl bLa ~l1ol ~ ~ ~atillllilliijj~ 1 4 (~I1fillilliijj ~ 19) 1lJ~~1111~~I1filllill~ijj~ 7 i~ ~I1llll(ilii~~ 18 tlll
i1lJ lJ11lii1u flYIil~nl1 ~li1llJ lijjlJil1nfllJ~~fJ 1lJlllJfJ1Jj1WWln
il1lJiiii1lJ1ilYI1~YIH1jlJ1n illJm~ti~1lJ~YIlii1i11jjlj~ 15 ~ln iilJ lI1fJ Tonkinese llii~ ih fj ~fljltl ~ltl1W1~ tJ~ tJltl~~lnil1lJl1~HlJ ~
Uu bl~h1lJlJ 1~ln il1lJr1~ItJ1ampil LJ
~i ltl~ il1n~ln il1lJ1mtJ1l1riltlll11~iH1j ~~~lniilJllii~11l1fJ i H1j~afJH1 fJ lImiJ ~fJ mjlJ tJ ltl ~ il1lJ ~ ti~ iN ~ Hii ltl ltl tiillJ YInllJl ii ~ iiUltlfJ
V
1 H1jtJltl ~ il1lJlJlJlJ IInljw~1l1~ ltl fJ 1 ~ il1l1fJn U1H1j tJ ltl ~ tJ ~11
mi11iiiltliiYJj~~ulJ~nJ1i1Ii (Cubical Cell) ~~iiLJj~lil~ih 1 LJj~lil blll~ii~LJii1HltlnYlJ 3 lii1lJ Hltl~iniH1j~LJm1fJ~bH~fJlJ (Pyramishy
dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
~llLJ~tJltl~~im Mison ~~ll~ Don-Duong bl~~YIfjil~ljIj
~ 12 blll~ 15 ~UlJjllLJ~JlJ~~ (Classic) hlJjllLJ~tJltl~~iltl~ Binh-Dinh ~ ~ltl~llJ~Hh~ ~ll 1643-204 3 JlJ~UlJjllLJ~llfl ~~ltllJ
~ln il1lJUUiim11l1lJ1nlJlil~UlJhlJ1mlj ~YI1lll1l1lJ1r1ii ~
UUiim Hi ltllJ tllJ lii~ LJ1nlhiiiH1jiJ1fJ~ YIllil1l1lJ1ltl ~ ti Donshy
Doung
thLflAlflu tJlJ tJ 111YIfJlliiltl~ fJ~ il1niill~~1lJ~m~ fJ ~ lliitJltl~ LJ ~~ YIlliilJ
~ tT1lJ 1aLJj~~YIil1YIfJ~~ LL~lIl1fJ 1Uj1Wmll 1lJ~YIIlllmjjlj~ 11 tJ111YIfJlliill11~ ltl1W1i1mti1lJ~i1t1lJ1lJtilJlJ1lJ (Yunnan) ltl1W1
i1nliiil11lJhi1IYI1 ~ LJ jdampill1l1~ilJ 1n blll ~llii~n~11l1fJl~fJ nUl1l1hlJ (Kublai Khan) 1lJ~YI1lll~1jljti 18 tJ111Y1fJii1liiltl~ ltl~ fJ~il1nblflllJti 1lJ~i1 ~ tT1lJ1tl~ LJ~LYIll~ ~jj 1blll ~LJ~LYIll1YIt
~UlJii1lJ1lJlJ1n
~~LL~Vll1li~lIll~~IYf 11-13 rULtJUtJWj~L~fl~i1fl~fllrul
~ml111~11amphJ~~tllt1UlURltJI111~l1WUilflVjl1li~lRUlehtJllUtJ1U
tJni1 ~fl~fllrul UlLlru1l ~ LtJU tJ~ ~L I1Al11 tJiJ II ~ uUil iJLijfl~hiqf1 lifl Ui1~tJ~~ ~I1fl~ llVl(~ (ll~H) ltl1iU 1ll1 ~lltJ~i1fl~R~tJ
1111 ~ l1ampi llii1iill1fiVlll LLri ~ll tJ ~111~ LIIUfl iI fl ~IlltJ IihtJ
1UVjl1 li~ 1Il1~IYf 13 ~ lt11~~~ljl1mLli~ tI ~11 iJiilU1II
tJni1~mUIIll~~ll1~ ii1 tltJ lLtJULiJfl~lhjhy 1lilJU li~~~ i1fl~
~lj 11tJ IIIn III flUtii iJ fl ~ tJ ~ ~L 11 ~1 11 tJhiu~l tJ ii ~ IIlflULIIU fl ii~ LiJ fl ~
Lt1tJ~LLRU Vlln~ll~mrUilflVjl1li~lRUlehtJ~II1tJ1U
1I1nVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 16-18 LiJ~~iJiilUll1tJni1~fl~nli1 IIldU flflm5tJ~LIIUfl nli1nlll~ Ull ~lll~ltilU i1flmli1LIIUflilfl~
tJ ~ ~L I1~1 I1tJ tll1Li1~~rU iI flT~ ~lRUl11UIIlLLll ~Vl I1li ~lRU liJ1 tJ ~IIltJlU
tll11I1tJltiilJ R~ IJR1Ufl ~ rlUtlU tllUi~ flqf ~ ll1~ LLll ~L i1~ ~
fl ~ LtJ U ~lIll ~~ IY Iii~r U1lilJU li ~~~ U~ ~~ll tJ ~ Ii ~ i1 lmmlrlU ~ LVl ~ 1 ~h1lilJ U li~ ~~ iJ fl~ tl Uti1 Ui LII huiJ ii~ 1 1I1nBULampi tJ 1ii~rU
1lilJU li~ ~~ iI fl~Ill tJ Ii ~ 11U fl ~ tlU n1 ~URIIl~flflnl11~Vjl1fitlqfqfl iI fl~ BU Lampi tJ lib tJ LL~Lj fl ~ IIIn tIUtilUi1l ~ ~l~tlUL tJUtJmL~U 11U1mUVjl1li
~1Il1~~IY~ 18 ru llliojU1lilJUli~~~~1111niulihtJ1l~LtJUR~n1~BU hiqf1U~ ~IIil~ tllUi~1~1 1ULflLil tJ flli1Lruil fL~~lliuml~LIIlqf ~ J ~~L~fl~i1U
LLi11U~1~1 iJfl~1I1tJ1l~~~lliUL tJUBR~~luR~tJ1mlrurU~~ fl~I11~mmllUfl iJLiJfl~Lt1tJ~URU LiJfl~~h~ LiJfl~Vl~LtJl LiJfl~IIlll~
Vl~~U1~ ~~U~tJ~~~lruVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 15
Amlt1hhtityIJfl~Itu iJlli~~flltJil Vltlillmllf 1781 rifl~~fllrul~mRliJlltJ
1818-1860 ojtllf~tJilfl~yjflJU~l~fhLll~~i1tfl~
iI fl Hjl iIlltJ 1U ~ ~tJ ~L1ll1 LiiitJltlU tlU ojtllf~ tJ
2
44
3
bull bull 4
Renuf1fJ n11)1ltJi1 J1~fIIfl1tJ PI R~ riUfttl1UltJ ninJ~fl~iiuLVI L11 L1lJ rilJ1t11 Ufl ~ J ~WJ1ngt1~~
1 Lffl1ULllft1 (Club-house) tItl~tUJ11JJiIJtUt1JJ1f111
2 171m nuuu14Oj1uIi1fu]MnWJ0iil ~1~ Hnu1-o11J1u1JrLgt1 ~iiU~L UL~~
Ufltl1Jt~1
3 ~uuthu1gt1~-iiU~LUL~~
4 5 ftCl1iJfltJniiJJlJf)~~U
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1J fI ~Ii flY lJj llJ rllbb II~ Ii fI IIlJ bll ~j 1 fJ ah ~ bil fI ~
btlfJ~jlmbltt ~Ujfl~ btlfJ ~1IIjj
1893 Wj~bjljllJ1Bu~ah~n1~~f1f1limbJlJUjfl~
IIltt1~1IIjj1JfI~lI1fJ
1910 n1~ll1JI1fJ~lJnun1~~f1f1ll~1 231 0 n1~~f1f1llmbamlfiW~jjl ill~1II11fJ
2 318 Wj~bjl111nitlJj1lJl11mJlJtJnbb~lJ ah~Ujfl~
IIltl1~ 1IIjjiilllJljl
2325 bjlWj~mjnl bJlJn~1Illl~lJjl1f1~fjnl
al1~n1~l1IlJlnitlJI1i ~
2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
(King Mongkut) b~lJliilbijlJWj~jl1falJ-WlJllllJ1Il nUlJIIllillJlllh~Ib~bl1~
2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
f1~111 (King Chulalongkorn) Ulf11jtJlijjlJ
1IdlJ1InbiillJl-WIilJlJl1b~b I1~1 11pound1
iialla3TtlfifllJl11tJ (Pre Thai Periods)
~GiI1mrtJm111Wi (Davaravari Art)
illtt IJ ~mr poundI 1111 jl1~al1~ ~lJ bvi f1~lalJ lVjl1llH1 fJ lJ 111 fJ 1lJ
il ~bbjnMtll1BWltt llnilltt IJ ~airfJ f1lJ jl1~ ~f1lJ liij~ l~llnilltt IJ ~airfJ
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all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
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a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
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(Stucco)
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2
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urntiULf1nu L~~r~UU qll~
31uftj~ti ~ti~1~tiUUfl1 ~ ~tI~ftj~ ~uLn~Ull f ~L~ ~ ~1~nfl1~Luua~ ntiftr~1I1 ~
l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
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lliii1iiiauU1tII1tllIiiLLltlI1~fIf1 0 ~ ~ f11iJJ tUfllJJ i~o tI fI ~ yj 1 ~1Yl tl
llhnUiila11LtJUltlri 1~~ ~
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
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~~ LUJilmjjltllltJ1U LL~flillt1Ulil~~
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ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
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thLYl~BULiiitlliU h~lYlmtJU~ltlltlOU UUal1alri (Designs) ua
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h iiill1 fliill UUU flth~~j VP1ti~t1 tJ fl~ fltl tilllt1llL~lJ illmflJmil1fl~ I1ifllJlj~ldiu Bl1ii~ilillnLLu U~j~l1tijtltJfl~allll
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~ ~ ~
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L~ jl ~lll t1j ~flijlJ111l1L~lJ LrifllJ il ~ 1II ifmjji l~ll~1t1t1ll
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I1ifllJ lfildiuri1ll~L tilllli1mjlllllL~ fl~ l~j1Jll (B uddhist Cosmoshy
logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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huII~~n~~tn~i Ju lli1utl~uAolnml~II~~fl1~~unihtribull aunl~f1un~~~~flUflflnlJl
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almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
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chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
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m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
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5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
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bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
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1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
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~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
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ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
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blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
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238
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i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
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mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
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Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
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(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
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a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
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il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
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0
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~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
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(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
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1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
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111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
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~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
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gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
i11au1ilu1l1lJutl~milUtJ~ b~~liiu lIa~~1lll1~rltf1 Ulii~ ltIt
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Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
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- 0 Jn1 ~blI ~~I1l ltl u ~tJfl~I1llltJlI~ 1U1~
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~ fl tJ fl ~ il0lUUnOl th~ 11 j~mtl1mjtl bbOl ~l~tI bUIl1 ~nOl th~ ~ ~
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Vfnlii11U1~1t1 bbUU11 j~b IltU tJ fl~tUiJU Ii ~jjfl1t1 tlntl ~ ~tiu fl~l11 j~Vll1~fl~Iili1~jj~~ 7-8 bb~11 j~mtl1mtJ1tUiJujjfl1t1 1t11 jl1Un1 jbb~~flflnli ~fl1t1Fln fltj 1~il~~~1t1lijjtltJ 1m jj
~1U11j~mtl1njjtl311flUtJfl~fl~Iili1~jj~~12 UOl~ 13 fl1il
b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
Renaissance hi 111t11IiiElniIlOltJfl~iiju miJ~tlmjtltJfl~tUiJu hib~tltiuflth~il~~lij~lufl~Iili1mjw~7 1uu fli1 624 1Iiib1i~ ~Uiin0l1~i11u1tiuii~ 4 4 6 bb11~ lV11jl1~ tiu UUflOlfl~j1nli ~ bUUriljUOl ~b1jjlj1U1Ujfl~ojU
ITo NARA (710-785)
U1j1bUUbjj fl ~~U iin0l1~I11 ~i11U1 bbOl ~n1jbjj fl ~ tJ fl~tU iJu
111 fl~ 1ili1~j j~~ 8 bUU~tJau~ ~ 1Vlqj tJ fl~ i0l 11 ~bbOl ~i11U1 l1i~~b itmnUl1 Tempyo 1Ubjjfl~U1j1jjuuu flth~miJ~omjlJ ~~jmjtl bbOl ~11j ~mtl1mjtl~bfhbbfi~l~tJ fl~tUiJU lV11j~l1~ liiol1liiifllV11j Horyuji l1~luu fli1 589 ~n1yj1V11lbl1oVl101u
U fli1 650 bbOl~l1~tiu1V1ti1ufl~Iili1~jj~~8 tiubUU1V11j
l1lbfhuri~l~ 1ulOln 1Uj~tI ~b~tlbbjn ilOluuiijutlTyhnu1utUiJu
bb~Il1O1u1ti thilOlUUtUiJu ~rhnu tJ fl~ ~Ubfl~ 311 fl~1i ii~jj fl1tJ bri1uriUOl ~ 0ntl~l ~tlUVlii~ iii fl 311Il j ~IJJ ~1~j ii (Mai treya)
tJ fl~IltI Suiko Ii ~1Iiiojufl1t1UU~10l1ilil1nu uUIlj~IJJ~l~jiitJltl~ bn1V1~ nU11j~mtl1mjtltJltl~11j~mtl1m Kuratsukuri elu~~lV1qj iii flllj~Vjl1li311h~~elu~~ntl 11j~m~pu ltl~1 U1V11j Horyuji
jj311Iljdllii~1 2 tJ1~ Ilj~Vjl1li311 Yakushi (~in~1flUVln1j)
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Kitao Shigemasa 1739-1820 AD
Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
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1lilJU li~ ~~ iI fl~Ill tJ Ii ~ 11U fl ~ tlU n1 ~URIIl~flflnl11~Vjl1fitlqfqfl iI fl~ BU Lampi tJ lib tJ LL~Lj fl ~ IIIn tIUtilUi1l ~ ~l~tlUL tJUtJmL~U 11U1mUVjl1li
~1Il1~~IY~ 18 ru llliojU1lilJUli~~~~1111niulihtJ1l~LtJUR~n1~BU hiqf1U~ ~IIil~ tllUi~1~1 1ULflLil tJ flli1Lruil fL~~lliuml~LIIlqf ~ J ~~L~fl~i1U
LLi11U~1~1 iJfl~1I1tJ1l~~~lliUL tJUBR~~luR~tJ1mlrurU~~ fl~I11~mmllUfl iJLiJfl~Lt1tJ~URU LiJfl~~h~ LiJfl~Vl~LtJl LiJfl~IIlll~
Vl~~U1~ ~~U~tJ~~~lruVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 15
Amlt1hhtityIJfl~Itu iJlli~~flltJil Vltlillmllf 1781 rifl~~fllrul~mRliJlltJ
1818-1860 ojtllf~tJilfl~yjflJU~l~fhLll~~i1tfl~
iI fl Hjl iIlltJ 1U ~ ~tJ ~L1ll1 LiiitJltlU tlU ojtllf~ tJ
2
44
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1 Lffl1ULllft1 (Club-house) tItl~tUJ11JJiIJtUt1JJ1f111
2 171m nuuu14Oj1uIi1fu]MnWJ0iil ~1~ Hnu1-o11J1u1JrLgt1 ~iiU~L UL~~
Ufltl1Jt~1
3 ~uuthu1gt1~-iiU~LUL~~
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1J fI ~Ii flY lJj llJ rllbb II~ Ii fI IIlJ bll ~j 1 fJ ah ~ bil fI ~
btlfJ~jlmbltt ~Ujfl~ btlfJ ~1IIjj
1893 Wj~bjljllJ1Bu~ah~n1~~f1f1limbJlJUjfl~
IIltt1~1IIjj1JfI~lI1fJ
1910 n1~ll1JI1fJ~lJnun1~~f1f1ll~1 231 0 n1~~f1f1llmbamlfiW~jjl ill~1II11fJ
2 318 Wj~bjl111nitlJj1lJl11mJlJtJnbb~lJ ah~Ujfl~
IIltl1~ 1IIjjiilllJljl
2325 bjlWj~mjnl bJlJn~1Illl~lJjl1f1~fjnl
al1~n1~l1IlJlnitlJI1i ~
2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
(King Mongkut) b~lJliilbijlJWj~jl1falJ-WlJllllJ1Il nUlJIIllillJlllh~Ib~bl1~
2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
f1~111 (King Chulalongkorn) Ulf11jtJlijjlJ
1IdlJ1InbiillJl-WIilJlJl1b~b I1~1 11pound1
iialla3TtlfifllJl11tJ (Pre Thai Periods)
~GiI1mrtJm111Wi (Davaravari Art)
illtt IJ ~mr poundI 1111 jl1~al1~ ~lJ bvi f1~lalJ lVjl1llH1 fJ lJ 111 fJ 1lJ
il ~bbjnMtll1BWltt llnilltt IJ ~airfJ f1lJ jl1~ ~f1lJ liij~ l~llnilltt IJ ~airfJ
~ IJ 11 ~ 1J f1~ lilJb~tJ 1Ilmh~u b~lJ bbjn illttUlJairpoundI 1111 jl1~bii tJlJbbUU
nljall~Wj~Vjl1Ii~IJllnairtJ~IJ1I~f1~l~bbl1l~~ ~f11 lJliij~~f1tJi1
rnlfru~1Jf1~1IlJbf1~lJln~lJ ~1lJ IJj ~~lJ In jjlJ 1JfI~airtJI111jl1~ii UlalJllbJlJVib~lfJlJbJlJ~llJh~1I ~lJb~11vl bbltt ~lJiJlJ ~ ~bba1l~ 1I1b j 1 bjlJ1~1i~r nlfru~Vi b~jf1J f1~ biffI If l~b UlJ f1~ 1~ ~ ~ ~ illtt IJ ~ I111j11~ bUlJalJ n1 j ltl111]J 1J fI ~ n 1jIifI ~~ afltt Ii1 ~ n1ja l1 ~W j ~Vj 11 Ii
~IJI11~1l1il bIIilfl 1JfI~111pound1
middottiFmiddotmiddot
1 pji~1Uf1-1 (Side elevation) ~EI-11~1lLlIlJ t111-1fffl1lJtJtlll~fl~1 2 LLUUtJ1111111tl-1lUI LLflll-1 ~uil~inMtU~ LfIlML1hultJlriunuu 71-31fII e-1 LtIll LLlfi
11tJmiddot~titJY1ft1 i (A)lnll1mi1U1U~nL1li~1IJtJr~l1ril ~OUti ~rUi1u L~ ftfl~~~1~tiOM~ Li1UztJL~1J 3 4 i~J~huUflt1-1I1lJlltl-4)~1IIlJl (3) lInLLliHIiltJItlllfl1t1ti1UUwmuJu ijpj)
U1flflIMl1tJmj1UUluiL11hW~h~tluU7l1tHtlmrU~IiIiiLLU1Jfll ft1Ull11nLlIlJ
LliiOfltlUWJ1ln-J1
fitftl1mJllmirTII (Srivijaya Art) bri m~ l1j1l1ii~WJ 1lJ lJ WU fi elUIn lt1pound 111 tJ ltl~ tlj W1lJ InljlJ
f11~1l1~ bHih tJ ltl~1mlflu tlj W1lJ InljlJ tJ ltl~ tl 1 r1~ ~l 11111h iii01 tltJ ltl~ tl l~~ljhu h~ 1I1bn 11Iil 01 tluUUbil~~ bbflU ~u (StyIe
of Chiengsen) amill1l~nljlJm~1l1~bHUmJltl~1f1~lih~U1jj ltlUrlU lWiual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruiiI01 tlJ ltl~i101 tlJ I~~ojiT~ b~ltl~Bf1GVi 01 Jltl~iiI01tltllallmlojiT~d ltlllbuultll(if 2 mlbt~ ~ltl mlbt~ HO ~ r ~ Iiii 01 tl iilojiT~1Wijj Bf1G Vi 01 Ol tilUiii01 tl all~ a1Jl1~ (if~ IiU Ii ~lj I ~1 Uiii01 tl m~1l1~ bHU I Wi tJ1l1 ~ H lt1~ bri ltlVi jbij1jllJ III bbm lj iilU1ltlnilj ltl~1l1~ l(ifI1lO1 ltll1lbbH01lJlJ 01lfJ
~ftl1ffillJlf)JJ (Khmer Art)
bri rnriu iii01 tl tJltl~ btJlJjliu 1f1~ lii~u bltl1UUUltltil~f11~iilU amill1l~nljlJbb01 01I1I01l~l1InU~~lJl1 llH01l~ ltltil~ bb~l~lii~ Ubltll ~lU tlj W1lJlnljlJ tljlJma-jl~~tl b~ljVi (Statuary) b01 ~
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iimh~11I Hlnlmhl11(lnMltl btJult1nbtruJltl~mjiJuyjel~ ~~ briltliJuult1Ii~thl tlHltimu~101H dbuU~Hh~qJ~h l11bllll1lmj bbal1l~ltlltlnm~ll1lllltJltl~tlll f1~lii
itftl1ifmllffU llft~ftl1rI1m1fimi1a
ami GI OnUI amill1l~nljlJtJltl~1f1~1ujlru~ill1l iitT~ bHii ltlltl~l I1bluM ltlVijblM ~ ~ual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruv1biilbtf)Ol~ iiI01tl BUb~~ Vi ~1 bb01 ~~l T~ 1uallm il~~bbauliu 11 ll jj~~ riltla-jl~ 1Ujlru~ill1lbHiiltlltl~Ul~ u~iluiltl~llJWlU jObUUtl1 H1n ljOlj l11l~Ubjjltl~b il~~ bbau1UOlti 1~ l~~ ~~ rfi~l h~ 1I1bjl1iiHlt1n
4
1 tlJ~ltVitif1~ ti~lU~1~1 jji~1~1~L~~Ufl1 2 LiititlJ~ ltVilUUflUfl1nlJ1f1 i ~1U~O U~ untilJ~o~i~ fl1 ~ffiili ~ o1i~1 i1lt~aTlItliLDt1~fl~tl1 (A) LLuuio1i~fiI1tl1ijtJtlJlLULLpj~tur1UffiUYH ~~ 111 3 WlfI- 4
~lU~l~U~~l~~la~~au~~~~~~~ual~~l~Ul~
all U~~n~~~~ 1~1l1i1 bwQ ~ ~ ~~1~ ~ hu111qjll mHII~
~~~W~jjl al~bb~Il~~5Wa~au~~u~~~d~ ~au~~~~bll~~hXiU
lu blul~1111~au~ml~ldiii ~jlt1~ bba~b~~~ wa~~~~d~nu bii~~illntJl~l1n~lum~u~~l~~la~ bbu u~til~~aU~l1al~ bbuului~~lntiil~mildl~~til~bbjjU~Ul1 nuamu~~m~~lu btlutJ~~ail~lumj~1~
lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
l~Wu5nubbuuW~~Yj~fi~u~~~all~iju~~ ~~ll~~d~m~mu~du r~ii~a~15bWtl~ W~~bil~~fi~uth~na~ lldl~u~~~m~nUl1~~ 111qj W~~Yj~fi~Ubb uuiillW~~bfl~~lalb t1u~u~~nUdl1~ bba ~tll~ l~ 111llIH~~ a~illnW~~~~ a~bbfi ~ldW~~l~ ~ W~ ~Yj~fi~ua 1~~~~
~~~all~bb ~nad~~l~bba~ill~~ li1~ln
illn~~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 18-20 W~~Yj~fi~Um~1l1i1 bl11l ~1~u~~5Wa illn~au~al~tf~ 1il~iI~b lul~illnn1~r~ii~bull a~15~lU dl~u~~~flb~n W~~bil~~llbuadi~ll bba~tll~l~llll11
~~~a~~l~~W~~uln illnm~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 20 ~au~ n1~ail~W~~~fi~um~1l1ml1i1~rb~~bll~~a~
itIJ lhQrJ fJ~
1uall~1U~1(IJ ~~fJ~b t1ubll~~l1ii~ ~~~ ~1(IJ1~mml~ld~ 1il~lu~au~~~~~i~btlu~all~~~~ml~ld~ lui1~~l1~~~~Yj~fi ~m~~1Yti 16 l11~~U~~d~~1Yti 17 j1all~~~~~b~~1~~~5Wa b~~~ lI~~0~ln~~~iH~~~ulln1Y(IJ~btJ~~ bW~l~b11~11nU lI~~0~lm~~tJ~~ml~ld~bba~~~~b~~~l1u llildl~l~WU5nU~til~
~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
1 pJruautJa1J~1JLu~0N7~~IJ~t11 2 pJruautJa1J~1JLU~n~lt1oJ1JLn~1J f U~~tx1JiNIt~1UIllfl~1W~1n UUU~U~O~1 L~~tOttJfl~1~il~m~nULU~~1J1~tli ~jjL~1~e~mJO~1~1 yi11~tft nill~lt1M1tl~nln ~~ poundj ~1 fttl ~1tltJ~(1t1 n~ 1 Peripteral temple
3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
lmH1~hLLUUmh~~ln ~~rUi~ij~ ~tl~111L~tl1111~B~ ~igthnJ~ ~01B~LL UUi11mi111nUB~~1tlnU JULUUn1~tl1nfiJ ~mh11~i1 LUULLUU tJB~ li1~ tlBmUU~~LLtii1 L~B~LtfUiir~Ln~~uLLrimrtl 111Ll1 m111~ B~nmr tl LtfUt~mnUnUO1n6i tf 1~riB~tiUtlB~ij 1ntlI~ VlLil~1~mQW1~lu~6itJ~tJB~~nltln6i
lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
~ln~lmvlmj~L01l~W~tiil101U1 lUUl1n~l~nU 1tJJ1mtJ~~ 111tl
-rt11tJ~~riB01-j1~m~il~01U1tJB~1 ~tl LtfU 1U01ri 1yen11~ JUijtJU1~ nil~1yenlqj ~~JUi~ O1-j1~yenIltl ~111lii1tlllu Btl1~lyen11~ tJ B~t tJ~ ~ 1li1~ Q~Ju i~ 1tJ1arLUU111~~O11l~ lutuum~ 111Ln~LL UUBtl1~01miJ~tl m ~~ 1mHlu ti B~~ 1J1ntJ~ ~LW ru tJ 111~tl-j ULB1LLUUO1miJ~tl m~~ tJB~ttJ~~~11ti~1tl LL~1liin6i1mUUhULLl1n~1~iJ1111~LL~ufi J ~L UU111 ~ ~01-j1~lUL UUtJmL~U (Constructive)
ltlU~1 mniJl1tlm ~~ tJ B~1~tllu~ ~tl ~t~~liiUrULuutJ~ ~1J1~ LBm~jiJ (Monochrome) ~B~ltriB1liiul~1iW6itJB~iu i~mntl LuUWIl~~jiJ (Polychrome) LL6i~U~~1N6ihn1~LL01I1~BBn~~LL UU
I (8
4
1 ~ntJnu~fl~1Y1UeurmfLli[Juflfl~UfllfitJ1IJltnlrl jj l1JJi~1J1~t lPl11~ li]U
iln~~u ~~U~OlJi~~11Ibullbull~OU~Lii~~mi1~~n1IJ(A) 2 1UftJJU fiflJJ1 Li1lt~fu iiYlfin~ lIfl~iil i1lllflJU11~ fifilmJ ft11J~u t~JjiimiN LUU1~ ~jj Lt1a~U~ riu~utJLuuoiu1 Oth1L n~un~1 mUlaquo1nLL~ (B)
3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
- - ~ -~ shy4 fl 01i1 fit n11JlllJilJlulJIU ~n~IY1ffi~~n1UY1NIQlIIl~l1l1l1 ~ ClJtUJUIJllt)-3 11JJ
LU uil n~~u -0 L~1~ ~r~d~mo ~~il niiuuoilnlffiJuutJ ~o
mh~ tJltl~iiltl tI~mh~ L~lJ~ lumJUltlfjfitJ11lJVfnfii1Wljjlt~ 21
Lrimdi1u fInBWltl tJ ltl~ iilJtJlJ Ljldiltl~Ylilljrulii~ iJelL iI iIl~ h ltllmj~mllj~ltll1~di1ubJ riltl111Lii~jjmj~mL~~ltl1~ltllU Lla~ jj n 1j1tillVIal ulI Q~tJlJ tIlJ tll~~ri ltlltll1~di1Ul~tlfil~tlij~L~m rllJ fllJn iI ~jj LlUU mj 1~ ila tI ~lI ilU lI~ rllJ di~ iI ~L1llJldiillmllJ
a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
LUlJdilJ fl1lJll1j~ltlh~~LUlJ lJjtJlJUUlJ ~mL~~libu a1~alU lJ jlJ
(Stucco)
LlU u ltlti 1 ~ila tI ~ tJ ltl ~f11l1L VIU ltl tJlJldiUllJ 11tl1lJltlm tJ ~u flj jlJ tJ ltl~ 1mfu di1U Ill mjllULltl1ltlmtJ~unj jlJ tJ ltl~L tJlJ jlJ1
ltll1~ LUlJtI jl~cent1 jjl~tltlj~ltl~il~ltiLtilJL~U1rlU ltlUti LLUU tIjl~il ~ltl1U~1lJ~~ltl~~1~lJVI151~ Yl~~lan ~ltllJl1lJltllJUltlfjfiUl~ltllJ tI alfJ Lla ~1lJ ltllJul~lJ 1nillJI11 I1j~tJltl~W j ~LiI~6LLa ~Wj ~t1jl~il
ltl~tI ~a~tlJ n1 lL~lJ it ~nl1 I1tJ1~lI11lJL UlJtJnLl~lJ tJ fl~Ll UUL~lJ 1tI lIiGi IIInjj II ~j ~ rllJ iJ1lJ rlU ~ 1lJltlmtJ~u fljjlJ ~ 1lJ
tIj ~~lJlnljlJtJ ltl~1 tJI1U1~jjll11lJalJ~lJfirlu tJltl~L tJlJj di~ ldimh1
Lli111 W j ~W I1fijtlm~fl1l1 LVIi) ltlJ ltl~ 1I1utJlJ jjll11lJ alJ~lJfi1lJ LLUU ltlti1 ~ rlU tJ ltl ~ ltlirUijtl~~ LL~l lJltllJU1tJ I1U tIj ~~lJl nl1I1U
- tIl - 1 1 ltlj 1 ~ LlU UW j ~Vj 11 5l tJlJlJ 1 ~1lJ lI 1 1lJlnLa ltllJ ltl lJ W j ~Vj 11 fi
il1ltllJ1 Lla ~lI11lJllImLti~L iffltll~mh~LlI1i1l~ Ljl11 ltl1 iI tl~ tllJldiLLUlJltllJh lIlJ1I1U1mlrultllJultJI1utJlJ
ldiLLU UW j ~Vj I1fil tI ill n1VIlJlJ lltlil~W j ~Vj I1fil tI LUlJLLUU 11tJ 11U
tJ ltl~~lJ illJ LL~L jlltl1 lalJUItjllJldih LtJ l1dill11lJ tJlJ~la1i1 ~~ ltll1~ LlU U llnW j ~Vjl1 5ltlm~fl1l1LVIU ltl lI~lJ~fllJ lL~ flWj ~ltl~ ~ i~mldiLtlllJ lt~afllJWj~Vjl1fiil1ltllJl1lJ1tJI1UldiulLLUUWj ~Vjl1fi ltllJlJL~Uua~i~mL tlllJldi1Uit ~ldi1I1l111lJtJlJma1i11VI~LLriilaUlJ ltl1tJI1U Wj~WI15jtlit ~illtl UlJ1I1U~~ltlll~tlJtJlJ L~lJ1tldiUlI1lJ
-illnlflui~ 1lJwl1~il1ltllJ1Lta ~lI11lJjjt1~ii~1i1 tJfl~illtltJlJ i1n~ru~
2
3
1 L6ltl1JLL1JUllUU1la~eUpoundJitllitJjjimtuWLAMtHfl~n1
2 LtUDtl~rujUtlqlltJ1tlth)tJ~111 jj49J~D~~ )J11ln LLuueU11UIiItlnrnjYIHJl1P1lwUtl
urntiULf1nu L~~r~UU qll~
31uftj~ti ~ti~1~tiUUfl1 ~ ~tI~ftj~ ~uLn~Ull f ~L~ ~ ~1~nfl1~Luua~ ntiftr~1I1 ~
l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
iiia 11~tI f1~ lt11tII1tnlUhumhtlYlflI1JJlf1rilUnUilI1imiJJ1Yltl LLa ~ if~ fl~jj f1~ ~a f1I1JJ 11U~~Uiila 11 mtllll~Iiitl lii~liULilf1lilmi1
lliii1iiiauU1tII1tllIiiLLltlI1~fIf1 0 ~ ~ f11iJJ tUfllJJ i~o tI fI ~ yj 1 ~1Yl tl
llhnUiila11LtJUltlri 1~~ ~
Lfl~iNilU6iUun ~lI1~am~iila11~tIltl~1Yltl1mlru~uu i ljjfl lJJ ~ 11~ lJJ ltl ri 1 ~ ~ ~ 11 i Lll YlllU ~ M ltlLfl ~ ltl ~ iJU~U L~ 1 tI ltl ~ ltIiifllamLa lt11tII1tllU~Yl li~I1ii~~ 19-20 ~ ~LtJU~i~oflUiii
bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
110U~H tJU ~~h lll ltl1lHjj ~n yj 1~110U~~ Iiitl al1altl ~Jl111a
u ii111~OmL~o I Lfl11 ltl uliitl ~Lti tleiltlUliU1jhwlulUvHimi
~~ LUJilmjjltllltJ1U LL~flillt1Ulil~~
itilumJmJfJl5fJ1 (Wf1 1890-2310)
ltI(llij~tlO~ ltlU1Ul1tlOiiJJtIltl~ltI~tlltl~litll~UUtlJJ 1jill1mL~~ LtJU~llj~ii ri ltlJJ LLIiUltlUi1iiia 11 ltI~ tlltltl litJ1UUlliiiu BYlll~ a ill 0 iill ~ ~jj i ltlU tlJJ m ~ illll01i I1mL~~ LtJUvlL~jf liU
ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
flU tU 1U~Ylti~I1iijf~ 21 ltltl tirll11iimialUWillU lmim~ lt1m UI1tl OiiJJ ltl til ~ LUJJJ~ U ii1111Ultlli 1ll1i ~ i ~L il iiili ~ i 11il~ii 11ilalYlilll~ lliiltlil~~UhlifL01tl11llJJI1 LVitl~U~ Y1il01mlruamU~Lll11 ltlltl~liUfth 11Lil ltl~Uh WUltlrl
~lUthUlYlal1alri (Ornamental works) tlfI~a~tlltlfltitJ1
liUjj ijru~hm~iiImJ~~ ~ ~ ~ ai1~ tUltlril~JJ 10JJ1rllliiLui ~1U til ~ lall ~lULLnn ~lULfl~ltl~O ell LLaLfl~ltl~Lfl11ltlU alllULfJ~ltl~ Lfl11ltlU~~li~1tltil1U11i~L Yl~iiU uaell~ ~jjal1altl61~111thlU
thLYl~BULiiitlliU h~lYlmtJU~ltlltlOU UUal1alri (Designs) ua
il (Colour) il~Iiiltl~(iltlilLtJUiilatl1Yltl
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h iiill1 fliill UUU flth~~j VP1ti~t1 tJ fl~ fltl tilllt1llL~lJ illmflJmil1fl~ I1ifllJlj~ldiu Bl1ii~ilillnLLu U~j~l1tijtltJfl~allll
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
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almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
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tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
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bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
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m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
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5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
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l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
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lllii~Gitl1 uii
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lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
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jj Edo LUlJLilfl~I1~1~ (U~lUlJjfl Tokyo l11li) tI~~LI11l
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ilu~llJli1l1iiu Tannyu (1602-1674 AD) LlJlI~tillil11lJ L~tl1tf1llJmh~~~ Ltitlllfl1WaLum~iluOlW~j~il Ogata Korin
(1655-1716 AD) li1l1~iibjtllu~rlUflOllli1 thnllilOlllLlJlI a1l11i1l111i1tlthr111llJllJ1n1 tJ u~ilOl ll illJtl1m1n1lJ 1LtJlI ~~ UlI1iI10l h 1l1iliilliiA1iI1jj~ti 18 llilnOliJ1tl Realistic LLOl Idealistic
Lnliltlll flOl Realistic II Maraama Okyo (1733-1795 AD)
LlJlI~riilJi~ a1l1 Ganku Koma LlJlI~riuJi~ Kishi School illv v
thnllLlJlILLUUliInu~~lljnuudi1tllllalill Jatuku Ito (1716shy800 AD) LlJlI1(ililjmlljIJlt1 Decorative Painting ~~~lV1qj~u il1n Korin
-31llWJlW (Xylography)
~ll1mWWlJYl (lil) LtJlIilOllla1l1ju~ (Minor art) ~~1di mthrllllJ1u~il~lm1n1 L1l1LL~hililiiA1iI1jWti 18 Lli1ill ti~ 1l1il0l ll llj Lfl VIiiliiiunljtln fi il~11L lJlI~ 1l1 tiUillil~ uun~ ~ il11lJiamjlI~~1VIqjtJ il~ilOlll ~iJlI U~tflltfll~ lliUtllJrlll LWj1 ~1iI11~1l1ilOlll tiLtJlIL~u~LMtl1tiu~1iI1i1L li1illtitlmi u~till Hishishy
kawa Moronobu (1638-1714 AD) LtJlI~riuJi~~1l1fl1WWlJYl illJtl1VIlitJu~~lll
hjll tfll tf1illi1ldimjl ii~ tTlI ~ 1lInllUillil~mJntJ u~ilOl ll ll j IJl VI iiLti lI tf 11~ iJ lI LOl rJ nll~ 1iI jnjjlJ LLOl~ 1l1fl lWWlJ Yl IJu~
255
~~1~~n~~~U~1~~~a~A~1~~~~ 19 ~~~~~~1a~A~1~~~~ 20
Ii~hHu~I151lltlil1nnU1l11lVllJvltJ~~qij~til~~fh~lJ1n
lnI2l~fj~t11I11YlWll-W2l ~uiJIiiiiiliifH~~~1~fill- Torii Kiyonobu rhn~~~1~~~wh~ 1664-1729 AD
Okumura Masanobu 1685-1764 AD
Lusuki Harunobu lh~1~~~lu~~wh~ 1725-1770 AD
Kitao Shigemasa 1739-1820 AD
Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
Toshusai Sharaku -1825 AD
Kitagawa Utamaro 1753-1805 AD
Katsushika Hokusai 1760-1849 AD
Hiroshige 1797-1858 AD
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dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
~llLJ~tJltl~~im Mison ~~ll~ Don-Duong bl~~YIfjil~ljIj
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all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
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~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
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3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
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lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
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I (8
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3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
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a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
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(Stucco)
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2
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bull bullbull
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
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logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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~ltf~fllla~njjoGl~fJ)U flallll~G1fl11l (HC)
~ltf~~b1lfJ~ (Shang) ltJ~1u~~fJ~n1l1t1~lllru 1523-1027
~ltfJ~~iJ (Chou Western amp Eastern) 1027-771
alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
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jl1f1~jijilJ (Chin) 221-207
almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
tJil~ lIIlJbUlJhAqjlJ1IJ1ii1U jlWn1ltl lt111fiiill iJI1illlltl~~ 1VIqjil~~ri 1WllJ fj j jlJ IJltl ~~ltl1lnl jlJ tJil ~ If111ilJ biiil ~ illn If111ilJ1~ ~ lIIti~L~il~
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3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
i1 l ltlliln 101 UlJili1hi bri lUribl1ll OJtl n uti lampiffllt11911 tI OJ~ ~f1t11i1
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Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
lh ~tl1if~UrhtfUti1itJltlU lh~tl1if~U1 iii fl tJ ~ ~au n1 ~itn a~ il ~ l~ fl~ ti fltJil~ ~ ~tilaltJ~~lilnl11~jatJ ~tJfl~tllUihU 1my tittJl1ll11tJ~U
a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
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1573-1603 AD fUitJ Tuyutomi
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1603-1868 AD ~1lf1Jfif Tokugawa
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dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
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2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
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2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
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lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
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~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
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3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
lmH1~hLLUUmh~~ln ~~rUi~ij~ ~tl~111L~tl1111~B~ ~igthnJ~ ~01B~LL UUi11mi111nUB~~1tlnU JULUUn1~tl1nfiJ ~mh11~i1 LUULLUU tJB~ li1~ tlBmUU~~LLtii1 L~B~LtfUiir~Ln~~uLLrimrtl 111Ll1 m111~ B~nmr tl LtfUt~mnUnUO1n6i tf 1~riB~tiUtlB~ij 1ntlI~ VlLil~1~mQW1~lu~6itJ~tJB~~nltln6i
lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
~ln~lmvlmj~L01l~W~tiil101U1 lUUl1n~l~nU 1tJJ1mtJ~~ 111tl
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I (8
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3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
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a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
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(Stucco)
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
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almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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bull bull
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a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
t tTl~ l~tJ ~ ~t M~Ur lill~ tIUtlll~UlhJ~tJitJUililU il~ ttUU fl~tlU l al1tiillaflUtJfl~tJ~iltta~tl1alilflfltJlilafllil~l
tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
t1l 1I ua~liULi1ill LL~fIl15ViaLmhiillii(lmjflll llillljauU~U il~JUbull Lfl~jatJ ~tJ fl~~U 5~ Inlilruanru~tJfl~lilU1i1liiLnflu 4000 tJ
tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
tJfl~tllllil~lUflflmUU~ 2 ~fl~illntJ~~Ll1AliULi1ill lil~~tlU ii l~tlU tllllil~lUliln~ ~iJlI~ tJ 1I 111fllrulLtJlilLLa~iT~
~UilUInaUlU tllliUlnUlULnliltJ fl~lilU ua ~tJ ~ ~nflU Ii~~nil L~ lJ1
tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
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iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
IUUlll~liIm Mitsunaga 1ij1il~mbVmlli~RlliiilIil1~~ltr1 12 IUU
tI~lJlill~li~IitJUll1~r1IltJn Makimono ii ~il~1iI1l1~ l~~~m~il
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1U ~tJ ii ~ij ~ ~tJ ~11alBUlUi iiatl~liillUU 1tllilllJ uUUtJil~ ltflltJ Fujiwara (~ltlh1Jn)
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(Massive brackets) ~ltiUtJltJRl BUiiUiJeJnlJlilln~~~Iil~li
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tI~ ~ilJ lmr1~~ 1V1qj Bn~Hii~ii il Jokei ~iiilHlt1n lUBUtJnlJ ~1tJ1iiliH Sho Kannon lU Kuramadera r1 Kyoto nU1ijIil~m~lJ ~ ~ ~Vj YIlJl UlilllJ uu UU~ ~I~ iUUil~l UIYI11i11U1~fll~l~ 1 ii ~ ojU
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nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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(1290-1330 AD)
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1 J ~~l~ (j](j]~~(j]l~fllflU (Kilns) tJll ru IJJfl~ Seto
ilJJflilull (Modern Time) bull 1334-1573 AD11l1Jj1rf1J1f Ashikaga
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fl11lJ iii IiIb till ihfl ~ btJll a~ fl IiIfl61fl~ tiU l (j]lJ fl ~ tJ fl~W 1nIl13j1j
(Samurai) 1i ~b Ullfl-lljtfllUnfljfl~ fll ~ ~ 1IInll i 1iIjnj jlJ LlU U flti 1~ il U ~fl ti 1~ bbtfill ~ IiIllJ
lij jlJ fl~ l~b tl1UfIll ilbbU U flti 1 ~ il U ~liIllJ Uj ~b W ru bbl ~bb U U
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Densu 1 352-1431 AD) ii ~b tifllJ111W1Ulll~fl~ampilil~fltillii~ 50
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(1483 AD) LUlJII (I ~m~L ~ tJlJ1l1Wjj i111lJ oj en I111lJni 1
Shubun li1lJ~iiL~ tJlJ ~tlol~~ ~1lf lJfl~ilmm If lJI1ltlltJlhlJ Sesshu
(1420-1506 AD) LUlJII(I~m~L~tJlJ1l1WlflJUl1~jj ~mi1tJ~ III _ l 0
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Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
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dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
~llLJ~tJltl~~im Mison ~~ll~ Don-Duong bl~~YIfjil~ljIj
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Amlt1hhtityIJfl~Itu iJlli~~flltJil Vltlillmllf 1781 rifl~~fllrul~mRliJlltJ
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1893 Wj~bjljllJ1Bu~ah~n1~~f1f1limbJlJUjfl~
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2 318 Wj~bjl111nitlJj1lJl11mJlJtJnbb~lJ ah~Ujfl~
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al1~n1~l1IlJlnitlJI1i ~
2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
(King Mongkut) b~lJliilbijlJWj~jl1falJ-WlJllllJ1Il nUlJIIllillJlllh~Ib~bl1~
2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
f1~111 (King Chulalongkorn) Ulf11jtJlijjlJ
1IdlJ1InbiillJl-WIilJlJl1b~b I1~1 11pound1
iialla3TtlfifllJl11tJ (Pre Thai Periods)
~GiI1mrtJm111Wi (Davaravari Art)
illtt IJ ~mr poundI 1111 jl1~al1~ ~lJ bvi f1~lalJ lVjl1llH1 fJ lJ 111 fJ 1lJ
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lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
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itIJ lhQrJ fJ~
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~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
1 pJruautJa1J~1JLu~0N7~~IJ~t11 2 pJruautJa1J~1JLU~n~lt1oJ1JLn~1J f U~~tx1JiNIt~1UIllfl~1W~1n UUU~U~O~1 L~~tOttJfl~1~il~m~nULU~~1J1~tli ~jjL~1~e~mJO~1~1 yi11~tft nill~lt1M1tl~nln ~~ poundj ~1 fttl ~1tltJ~(1t1 n~ 1 Peripteral temple
3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
lmH1~hLLUUmh~~ln ~~rUi~ij~ ~tl~111L~tl1111~B~ ~igthnJ~ ~01B~LL UUi11mi111nUB~~1tlnU JULUUn1~tl1nfiJ ~mh11~i1 LUULLUU tJB~ li1~ tlBmUU~~LLtii1 L~B~LtfUiir~Ln~~uLLrimrtl 111Ll1 m111~ B~nmr tl LtfUt~mnUnUO1n6i tf 1~riB~tiUtlB~ij 1ntlI~ VlLil~1~mQW1~lu~6itJ~tJB~~nltln6i
lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
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liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
~ln~lmvlmj~L01l~W~tiil101U1 lUUl1n~l~nU 1tJJ1mtJ~~ 111tl
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I (8
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3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
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a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
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l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
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logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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r Qgt d III
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lhGi 311 m~31 1i11jjn1~~u ~IJ~~~Vjl1ti~t1 1l1n1l1~~1~1
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~ltf~~b1lfJ~ (Shang) ltJ~1u~~fJ~n1l1t1~lllru 1523-1027
~ltfJ~~iJ (Chou Western amp Eastern) 1027-771
alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
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almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
i1 l ltlliln 101 UlJili1hi bri lUribl1ll OJtl n uti lampiffllt11911 tI OJ~ ~f1t11i1
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Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
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a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
t tTl~ l~tJ ~ ~t M~Ur lill~ tIUtlll~UlhJ~tJitJUililU il~ ttUU fl~tlU l al1tiillaflUtJfl~tJ~iltta~tl1alilflfltJlilafllil~l
tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
t1l 1I ua~liULi1ill LL~fIl15ViaLmhiillii(lmjflll llillljauU~U il~JUbull Lfl~jatJ ~tJ fl~~U 5~ Inlilruanru~tJfl~lilU1i1liiLnflu 4000 tJ
tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
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~UilUInaUlU tllliUlnUlULnliltJ fl~lilU ua ~tJ ~ ~nflU Ii~~nil L~ lJ1
tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
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iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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ldiLilllUm~il1~lJj~ihlUjj~eJilYamato-E Toba Soja (1053shy
1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
IUUlll~liIm Mitsunaga 1ij1il~mbVmlli~RlliiilIil1~~ltr1 12 IUU
tI~lJlill~li~IitJUll1~r1IltJn Makimono ii ~il~1iI1l1~ l~~~m~il
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1U ~tJ ii ~ij ~ ~tJ ~11alBUlUi iiatl~liillUU 1tllilllJ uUUtJil~ ltflltJ Fujiwara (~ltlh1Jn)
ara KAMAKURA (1185-1333)
~ ltl1~iInIiIlliii~ IuU1Jm u uIi~lij il~ Kamakura IItJ~ tJU
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(Massive brackets) ~ltiUtJltJRl BUiiUiJeJnlJlilln~~~Iil~li
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nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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(1290-1330 AD)
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Uj ~~ fI~qjiJllt~nlllflllmJillmJj~~fI~ill 1llU 1228
AD Toshiro ~lUlJh~iJllnll~flllfluh11~lll11~mlUlJli11nUj ~ ~ fI~ill 111 fI-Ilt1~ill~i1tnjfl~ lll~flllfl Ul11 ~~1ll~flflUfl flti-ln flU
1 J ~~l~ (j](j]~~(j]l~fllflU (Kilns) tJll ru IJJfl~ Seto
ilJJflilull (Modern Time) bull 1334-1573 AD11l1Jj1rf1J1f Ashikaga
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fl11lJ iii IiIb till ihfl ~ btJll a~ fl IiIfl61fl~ tiU l (j]lJ fl ~ tJ fl~W 1nIl13j1j
(Samurai) 1i ~b Ullfl-lljtfllUnfljfl~ fll ~ ~ 1IInll i 1iIjnj jlJ LlU U flti 1~ il U ~fl ti 1~ bbtfill ~ IiIllJ
lij jlJ fl~ l~b tl1UfIll ilbbU U flti 1 ~ il U ~liIllJ Uj ~b W ru bbl ~bb U U
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Densu 1 352-1431 AD) ii ~b tifllJ111W1Ulll~fl~ampilil~fltillii~ 50
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(1483 AD) LUlJII (I ~m~L ~ tJlJ1l1Wjj i111lJ oj en I111lJni 1
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LlJlI~riilJi~ a1l1 Ganku Koma LlJlI~riuJi~ Kishi School illv v
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Kitao Shigemasa 1739-1820 AD
Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
Toshusai Sharaku -1825 AD
Kitagawa Utamaro 1753-1805 AD
Katsushika Hokusai 1760-1849 AD
Hiroshige 1797-1858 AD
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dal roof) fJntlJ~UlJJlJ1 3 JlJll~HtlJtllJ blll~iifJltl~~ulJ~LJ~ltlmr1 lillJ (Lotus-bud finial) LJj~ampilJ1mjlJ ~lI11~ t1lJllJ~YIIlllmjjlj ~ 12 iiltlnljW~fl1fJtlUtJltl~~tJlJjlJ1n
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2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
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2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
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lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
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bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
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~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
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3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
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lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
~ln~lmvlmj~L01l~W~tiil101U1 lUUl1n~l~nU 1tJJ1mtJ~~ 111tl
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I (8
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3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
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a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
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(Stucco)
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bull bullbull
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
110U~H tJU ~~h lll ltl1lHjj ~n yj 1~110U~~ Iiitl al1altl ~Jl111a
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logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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~ltf~fllla~njjoGl~fJ)U flallll~G1fl11l (HC)
~ltf~~b1lfJ~ (Shang) ltJ~1u~~fJ~n1l1t1~lllru 1523-1027
~ltfJ~~iJ (Chou Western amp Eastern) 1027-771
alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
alYfJtJltJ~m~ifna~fl~llJ (Periods of the Warring States) 481-221
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almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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bnl9lillnlJ01~1[J1 il1n-~tlm~ni ~u OJn eJIIll ultlh tlOJ~ eJlVi[J
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tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
i1 l ltlliln 101 UlJili1hi bri lUribl1ll OJtl n uti lampiffllt11911 tI OJ~ ~f1t11i1
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Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
lh ~tl1if~UrhtfUti1itJltlU lh~tl1if~U1 iii fl tJ ~ ~au n1 ~itn a~ il ~ l~ fl~ ti fltJil~ ~ ~tilaltJ~~lilnl11~jatJ ~tJfl~tllUihU 1my tittJl1ll11tJ~U
a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
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5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
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bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
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b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
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bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
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ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
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lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
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iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
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tI~lJlill~li~IitJUll1~r1IltJn Makimono ii ~il~1iI1l1~ l~~~m~il
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(Massive brackets) ~ltiUtJltJRl BUiiUiJeJnlJlilln~~~Iil~li
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nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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ilJJflilull (Modern Time) bull 1334-1573 AD11l1Jj1rf1J1f Ashikaga
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Densu 1 352-1431 AD) ii ~b tifllJ111W1Ulll~fl~ampilil~fltillii~ 50
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(1483 AD) LUlJII (I ~m~L ~ tJlJ1l1Wjj i111lJ oj en I111lJni 1
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(1420-1506 AD) LUlJII(I~m~L~tJlJ1l1WlflJUl1~jj ~mi1tJ~ III _ l 0
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1573-1603 AD fUitJ Tuyutomi
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~1Il1~~IY~ 18 ru llliojU1lilJUli~~~~1111niulihtJ1l~LtJUR~n1~BU hiqf1U~ ~IIil~ tllUi~1~1 1ULflLil tJ flli1Lruil fL~~lliuml~LIIlqf ~ J ~~L~fl~i1U
LLi11U~1~1 iJfl~1I1tJ1l~~~lliUL tJUBR~~luR~tJ1mlrurU~~ fl~I11~mmllUfl iJLiJfl~Lt1tJ~URU LiJfl~~h~ LiJfl~Vl~LtJl LiJfl~IIlll~
Vl~~U1~ ~~U~tJ~~~lruVjl1li~lIll~~IY~ 15
Amlt1hhtityIJfl~Itu iJlli~~flltJil Vltlillmllf 1781 rifl~~fllrul~mRliJlltJ
1818-1860 ojtllf~tJilfl~yjflJU~l~fhLll~~i1tfl~
iI fl Hjl iIlltJ 1U ~ ~tJ ~L1ll1 LiiitJltlU tlU ojtllf~ tJ
2
44
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1 Lffl1ULllft1 (Club-house) tItl~tUJ11JJiIJtUt1JJ1f111
2 171m nuuu14Oj1uIi1fu]MnWJ0iil ~1~ Hnu1-o11J1u1JrLgt1 ~iiU~L UL~~
Ufltl1Jt~1
3 ~uuthu1gt1~-iiU~LUL~~
4 5 ftCl1iJfltJniiJJlJf)~~U
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1J fI ~Ii flY lJj llJ rllbb II~ Ii fI IIlJ bll ~j 1 fJ ah ~ bil fI ~
btlfJ~jlmbltt ~Ujfl~ btlfJ ~1IIjj
1893 Wj~bjljllJ1Bu~ah~n1~~f1f1limbJlJUjfl~
IIltt1~1IIjj1JfI~lI1fJ
1910 n1~ll1JI1fJ~lJnun1~~f1f1ll~1 231 0 n1~~f1f1llmbamlfiW~jjl ill~1II11fJ
2 318 Wj~bjl111nitlJj1lJl11mJlJtJnbb~lJ ah~Ujfl~
IIltl1~ 1IIjjiilllJljl
2325 bjlWj~mjnl bJlJn~1Illl~lJjl1f1~fjnl
al1~n1~l1IlJlnitlJI1i ~
2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
(King Mongkut) b~lJliilbijlJWj~jl1falJ-WlJllllJ1Il nUlJIIllillJlllh~Ib~bl1~
2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
f1~111 (King Chulalongkorn) Ulf11jtJlijjlJ
1IdlJ1InbiillJl-WIilJlJl1b~b I1~1 11pound1
iialla3TtlfifllJl11tJ (Pre Thai Periods)
~GiI1mrtJm111Wi (Davaravari Art)
illtt IJ ~mr poundI 1111 jl1~al1~ ~lJ bvi f1~lalJ lVjl1llH1 fJ lJ 111 fJ 1lJ
il ~bbjnMtll1BWltt llnilltt IJ ~airfJ f1lJ jl1~ ~f1lJ liij~ l~llnilltt IJ ~airfJ
~ IJ 11 ~ 1J f1~ lilJb~tJ 1Ilmh~u b~lJ bbjn illttUlJairpoundI 1111 jl1~bii tJlJbbUU
nljall~Wj~Vjl1Ii~IJllnairtJ~IJ1I~f1~l~bbl1l~~ ~f11 lJliij~~f1tJi1
rnlfru~1Jf1~1IlJbf1~lJln~lJ ~1lJ IJj ~~lJ In jjlJ 1JfI~airtJI111jl1~ii UlalJllbJlJVib~lfJlJbJlJ~llJh~1I ~lJb~11vl bbltt ~lJiJlJ ~ ~bba1l~ 1I1b j 1 bjlJ1~1i~r nlfru~Vi b~jf1J f1~ biffI If l~b UlJ f1~ 1~ ~ ~ ~ illtt IJ ~ I111j11~ bUlJalJ n1 j ltl111]J 1J fI ~ n 1jIifI ~~ afltt Ii1 ~ n1ja l1 ~W j ~Vj 11 Ii
~IJI11~1l1il bIIilfl 1JfI~111pound1
middottiFmiddotmiddot
1 pji~1Uf1-1 (Side elevation) ~EI-11~1lLlIlJ t111-1fffl1lJtJtlll~fl~1 2 LLUUtJ1111111tl-1lUI LLflll-1 ~uil~inMtU~ LfIlML1hultJlriunuu 71-31fII e-1 LtIll LLlfi
11tJmiddot~titJY1ft1 i (A)lnll1mi1U1U~nL1li~1IJtJr~l1ril ~OUti ~rUi1u L~ ftfl~~~1~tiOM~ Li1UztJL~1J 3 4 i~J~huUflt1-1I1lJlltl-4)~1IIlJl (3) lInLLliHIiltJItlllfl1t1ti1UUwmuJu ijpj)
U1flflIMl1tJmj1UUluiL11hW~h~tluU7l1tHtlmrU~IiIiiLLU1Jfll ft1Ull11nLlIlJ
LliiOfltlUWJ1ln-J1
fitftl1mJllmirTII (Srivijaya Art) bri m~ l1j1l1ii~WJ 1lJ lJ WU fi elUIn lt1pound 111 tJ ltl~ tlj W1lJ InljlJ
f11~1l1~ bHih tJ ltl~1mlflu tlj W1lJ InljlJ tJ ltl~ tl 1 r1~ ~l 11111h iii01 tltJ ltl~ tl l~~ljhu h~ 1I1bn 11Iil 01 tluUUbil~~ bbflU ~u (StyIe
of Chiengsen) amill1l~nljlJm~1l1~bHUmJltl~1f1~lih~U1jj ltlUrlU lWiual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruiiI01 tlJ ltl~i101 tlJ I~~ojiT~ b~ltl~Bf1GVi 01 Jltl~iiI01tltllallmlojiT~d ltlllbuultll(if 2 mlbt~ ~ltl mlbt~ HO ~ r ~ Iiii 01 tl iilojiT~1Wijj Bf1G Vi 01 Ol tilUiii01 tl all~ a1Jl1~ (if~ IiU Ii ~lj I ~1 Uiii01 tl m~1l1~ bHU I Wi tJ1l1 ~ H lt1~ bri ltlVi jbij1jllJ III bbm lj iilU1ltlnilj ltl~1l1~ l(ifI1lO1 ltll1lbbH01lJlJ 01lfJ
~ftl1ffillJlf)JJ (Khmer Art)
bri rnriu iii01 tl tJltl~ btJlJjliu 1f1~ lii~u bltl1UUUltltil~f11~iilU amill1l~nljlJbb01 01I1I01l~l1InU~~lJl1 llH01l~ ltltil~ bb~l~lii~ Ubltll ~lU tlj W1lJlnljlJ tljlJma-jl~~tl b~ljVi (Statuary) b01 ~
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iimh~11I Hlnlmhl11(lnMltl btJult1nbtruJltl~mjiJuyjel~ ~~ briltliJuult1Ii~thl tlHltimu~101H dbuU~Hh~qJ~h l11bllll1lmj bbal1l~ltlltlnm~ll1lllltJltl~tlll f1~lii
itftl1ifmllffU llft~ftl1rI1m1fimi1a
ami GI OnUI amill1l~nljlJtJltl~1f1~1ujlru~ill1l iitT~ bHii ltlltl~l I1bluM ltlVijblM ~ ~ual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruv1biilbtf)Ol~ iiI01tl BUb~~ Vi ~1 bb01 ~~l T~ 1uallm il~~bbauliu 11 ll jj~~ riltla-jl~ 1Ujlru~ill1lbHiiltlltl~Ul~ u~iluiltl~llJWlU jObUUtl1 H1n ljOlj l11l~Ubjjltl~b il~~ bbau1UOlti 1~ l~~ ~~ rfi~l h~ 1I1bjl1iiHlt1n
4
1 tlJ~ltVitif1~ ti~lU~1~1 jji~1~1~L~~Ufl1 2 LiititlJ~ ltVilUUflUfl1nlJ1f1 i ~1U~O U~ untilJ~o~i~ fl1 ~ffiili ~ o1i~1 i1lt~aTlItliLDt1~fl~tl1 (A) LLuuio1i~fiI1tl1ijtJtlJlLULLpj~tur1UffiUYH ~~ 111 3 WlfI- 4
~lU~l~U~~l~~la~~au~~~~~~~ual~~l~Ul~
all U~~n~~~~ 1~1l1i1 bwQ ~ ~ ~~1~ ~ hu111qjll mHII~
~~~W~jjl al~bb~Il~~5Wa~au~~u~~~d~ ~au~~~~bll~~hXiU
lu blul~1111~au~ml~ldiii ~jlt1~ bba~b~~~ wa~~~~d~nu bii~~illntJl~l1n~lum~u~~l~~la~ bbu u~til~~aU~l1al~ bbuului~~lntiil~mildl~~til~bbjjU~Ul1 nuamu~~m~~lu btlutJ~~ail~lumj~1~
lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
l~Wu5nubbuuW~~Yj~fi~u~~~all~iju~~ ~~ll~~d~m~mu~du r~ii~a~15bWtl~ W~~bil~~fi~uth~na~ lldl~u~~~m~nUl1~~ 111qj W~~Yj~fi~Ubb uuiillW~~bfl~~lalb t1u~u~~nUdl1~ bba ~tll~ l~ 111llIH~~ a~illnW~~~~ a~bbfi ~ldW~~l~ ~ W~ ~Yj~fi~ua 1~~~~
~~~all~bb ~nad~~l~bba~ill~~ li1~ln
illn~~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 18-20 W~~Yj~fi~Um~1l1i1 bl11l ~1~u~~5Wa illn~au~al~tf~ 1il~iI~b lul~illnn1~r~ii~bull a~15~lU dl~u~~~flb~n W~~bil~~llbuadi~ll bba~tll~l~llll11
~~~a~~l~~W~~uln illnm~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 20 ~au~ n1~ail~W~~~fi~um~1l1ml1i1~rb~~bll~~a~
itIJ lhQrJ fJ~
1uall~1U~1(IJ ~~fJ~b t1ubll~~l1ii~ ~~~ ~1(IJ1~mml~ld~ 1il~lu~au~~~~~i~btlu~all~~~~ml~ld~ lui1~~l1~~~~Yj~fi ~m~~1Yti 16 l11~~U~~d~~1Yti 17 j1all~~~~~b~~1~~~5Wa b~~~ lI~~0~ln~~~iH~~~ulln1Y(IJ~btJ~~ bW~l~b11~11nU lI~~0~lm~~tJ~~ml~ld~bba~~~~b~~~l1u llildl~l~WU5nU~til~
~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
1 pJruautJa1J~1JLu~0N7~~IJ~t11 2 pJruautJa1J~1JLU~n~lt1oJ1JLn~1J f U~~tx1JiNIt~1UIllfl~1W~1n UUU~U~O~1 L~~tOttJfl~1~il~m~nULU~~1J1~tli ~jjL~1~e~mJO~1~1 yi11~tft nill~lt1M1tl~nln ~~ poundj ~1 fttl ~1tltJ~(1t1 n~ 1 Peripteral temple
3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
lmH1~hLLUUmh~~ln ~~rUi~ij~ ~tl~111L~tl1111~B~ ~igthnJ~ ~01B~LL UUi11mi111nUB~~1tlnU JULUUn1~tl1nfiJ ~mh11~i1 LUULLUU tJB~ li1~ tlBmUU~~LLtii1 L~B~LtfUiir~Ln~~uLLrimrtl 111Ll1 m111~ B~nmr tl LtfUt~mnUnUO1n6i tf 1~riB~tiUtlB~ij 1ntlI~ VlLil~1~mQW1~lu~6itJ~tJB~~nltln6i
lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
~ln~lmvlmj~L01l~W~tiil101U1 lUUl1n~l~nU 1tJJ1mtJ~~ 111tl
-rt11tJ~~riB01-j1~m~il~01U1tJB~1 ~tl LtfU 1U01ri 1yen11~ JUijtJU1~ nil~1yenlqj ~~JUi~ O1-j1~yenIltl ~111lii1tlllu Btl1~lyen11~ tJ B~t tJ~ ~ 1li1~ Q~Ju i~ 1tJ1arLUU111~~O11l~ lutuum~ 111Ln~LL UUBtl1~01miJ~tl m ~~ 1mHlu ti B~~ 1J1ntJ~ ~LW ru tJ 111~tl-j ULB1LLUUO1miJ~tl m~~ tJB~ttJ~~~11ti~1tl LL~1liin6i1mUUhULLl1n~1~iJ1111~LL~ufi J ~L UU111 ~ ~01-j1~lUL UUtJmL~U (Constructive)
ltlU~1 mniJl1tlm ~~ tJ B~1~tllu~ ~tl ~t~~liiUrULuutJ~ ~1J1~ LBm~jiJ (Monochrome) ~B~ltriB1liiul~1iW6itJB~iu i~mntl LuUWIl~~jiJ (Polychrome) LL6i~U~~1N6ihn1~LL01I1~BBn~~LL UU
I (8
4
1 ~ntJnu~fl~1Y1UeurmfLli[Juflfl~UfllfitJ1IJltnlrl jj l1JJi~1J1~t lPl11~ li]U
iln~~u ~~U~OlJi~~11Ibullbull~OU~Lii~~mi1~~n1IJ(A) 2 1UftJJU fiflJJ1 Li1lt~fu iiYlfin~ lIfl~iil i1lllflJU11~ fifilmJ ft11J~u t~JjiimiN LUU1~ ~jj Lt1a~U~ riu~utJLuuoiu1 Oth1L n~un~1 mUlaquo1nLL~ (B)
3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
- - ~ -~ shy4 fl 01i1 fit n11JlllJilJlulJIU ~n~IY1ffi~~n1UY1NIQlIIl~l1l1l1 ~ ClJtUJUIJllt)-3 11JJ
LU uil n~~u -0 L~1~ ~r~d~mo ~~il niiuuoilnlffiJuutJ ~o
mh~ tJltl~iiltl tI~mh~ L~lJ~ lumJUltlfjfitJ11lJVfnfii1Wljjlt~ 21
Lrimdi1u fInBWltl tJ ltl~ iilJtJlJ Ljldiltl~Ylilljrulii~ iJelL iI iIl~ h ltllmj~mllj~ltll1~di1ubJ riltl111Lii~jjmj~mL~~ltl1~ltllU Lla~ jj n 1j1tillVIal ulI Q~tJlJ tIlJ tll~~ri ltlltll1~di1Ul~tlfil~tlij~L~m rllJ fllJn iI ~jj LlUU mj 1~ ila tI ~lI ilU lI~ rllJ di~ iI ~L1llJldiillmllJ
a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
LUlJdilJ fl1lJll1j~ltlh~~LUlJ lJjtJlJUUlJ ~mL~~libu a1~alU lJ jlJ
(Stucco)
LlU u ltlti 1 ~ila tI ~ tJ ltl ~f11l1L VIU ltl tJlJldiUllJ 11tl1lJltlm tJ ~u flj jlJ tJ ltl~ 1mfu di1U Ill mjllULltl1ltlmtJ~unj jlJ tJ ltl~L tJlJ jlJ1
ltll1~ LUlJtI jl~cent1 jjl~tltlj~ltl~il~ltiLtilJL~U1rlU ltlUti LLUU tIjl~il ~ltl1U~1lJ~~ltl~~1~lJVI151~ Yl~~lan ~ltllJl1lJltllJUltlfjfiUl~ltllJ tI alfJ Lla ~1lJ ltllJul~lJ 1nillJI11 I1j~tJltl~W j ~LiI~6LLa ~Wj ~t1jl~il
ltl~tI ~a~tlJ n1 lL~lJ it ~nl1 I1tJ1~lI11lJL UlJtJnLl~lJ tJ fl~Ll UUL~lJ 1tI lIiGi IIInjj II ~j ~ rllJ iJ1lJ rlU ~ 1lJltlmtJ~u fljjlJ ~ 1lJ
tIj ~~lJlnljlJtJ ltl~1 tJI1U1~jjll11lJalJ~lJfirlu tJltl~L tJlJj di~ ldimh1
Lli111 W j ~W I1fijtlm~fl1l1 LVIi) ltlJ ltl~ 1I1utJlJ jjll11lJ alJ~lJfi1lJ LLUU ltlti1 ~ rlU tJ ltl ~ ltlirUijtl~~ LL~l lJltllJU1tJ I1U tIj ~~lJl nl1I1U
- tIl - 1 1 ltlj 1 ~ LlU UW j ~Vj 11 5l tJlJlJ 1 ~1lJ lI 1 1lJlnLa ltllJ ltl lJ W j ~Vj 11 fi
il1ltllJ1 Lla ~lI11lJllImLti~L iffltll~mh~LlI1i1l~ Ljl11 ltl1 iI tl~ tllJldiLLUlJltllJh lIlJ1I1U1mlrultllJultJI1utJlJ
ldiLLU UW j ~Vj I1fil tI ill n1VIlJlJ lltlil~W j ~Vj I1fil tI LUlJLLUU 11tJ 11U
tJ ltl~~lJ illJ LL~L jlltl1 lalJUItjllJldih LtJ l1dill11lJ tJlJ~la1i1 ~~ ltll1~ LlU U llnW j ~Vjl1 5ltlm~fl1l1LVIU ltl lI~lJ~fllJ lL~ flWj ~ltl~ ~ i~mldiLtlllJ lt~afllJWj~Vjl1fiil1ltllJl1lJ1tJI1UldiulLLUUWj ~Vjl1fi ltllJlJL~Uua~i~mL tlllJldi1Uit ~ldi1I1l111lJtJlJma1i11VI~LLriilaUlJ ltl1tJI1U Wj~WI15jtlit ~illtl UlJ1I1U~~ltlll~tlJtJlJ L~lJ1tldiUlI1lJ
-illnlflui~ 1lJwl1~il1ltllJ1Lta ~lI11lJjjt1~ii~1i1 tJfl~illtltJlJ i1n~ru~
2
3
1 L6ltl1JLL1JUllUU1la~eUpoundJitllitJjjimtuWLAMtHfl~n1
2 LtUDtl~rujUtlqlltJ1tlth)tJ~111 jj49J~D~~ )J11ln LLuueU11UIiItlnrnjYIHJl1P1lwUtl
urntiULf1nu L~~r~UU qll~
31uftj~ti ~ti~1~tiUUfl1 ~ ~tI~ftj~ ~uLn~Ull f ~L~ ~ ~1~nfl1~Luua~ ntiftr~1I1 ~
l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
iiia 11~tI f1~ lt11tII1tnlUhumhtlYlflI1JJlf1rilUnUilI1imiJJ1Yltl LLa ~ if~ fl~jj f1~ ~a f1I1JJ 11U~~Uiila 11 mtllll~Iiitl lii~liULilf1lilmi1
lliii1iiiauU1tII1tllIiiLLltlI1~fIf1 0 ~ ~ f11iJJ tUfllJJ i~o tI fI ~ yj 1 ~1Yl tl
llhnUiila11LtJUltlri 1~~ ~
Lfl~iNilU6iUun ~lI1~am~iila11~tIltl~1Yltl1mlru~uu i ljjfl lJJ ~ 11~ lJJ ltl ri 1 ~ ~ ~ 11 i Lll YlllU ~ M ltlLfl ~ ltl ~ iJU~U L~ 1 tI ltl ~ ltIiifllamLa lt11tII1tllU~Yl li~I1ii~~ 19-20 ~ ~LtJU~i~oflUiii
bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
110U~H tJU ~~h lll ltl1lHjj ~n yj 1~110U~~ Iiitl al1altl ~Jl111a
u ii111~OmL~o I Lfl11 ltl uliitl ~Lti tleiltlUliU1jhwlulUvHimi
~~ LUJilmjjltllltJ1U LL~flillt1Ulil~~
itilumJmJfJl5fJ1 (Wf1 1890-2310)
ltI(llij~tlO~ ltlU1Ul1tlOiiJJtIltl~ltI~tlltl~litll~UUtlJJ 1jill1mL~~ LtJU~llj~ii ri ltlJJ LLIiUltlUi1iiia 11 ltI~ tlltltl litJ1UUlliiiu BYlll~ a ill 0 iill ~ ~jj i ltlU tlJJ m ~ illll01i I1mL~~ LtJUvlL~jf liU
ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
flU tU 1U~Ylti~I1iijf~ 21 ltltl tirll11iimialUWillU lmim~ lt1m UI1tl OiiJJ ltl til ~ LUJJJ~ U ii1111Ultlli 1ll1i ~ i ~L il iiili ~ i 11il~ii 11ilalYlilll~ lliiltlil~~UhlifL01tl11llJJI1 LVitl~U~ Y1il01mlruamU~Lll11 ltlltl~liUfth 11Lil ltl~Uh WUltlrl
~lUthUlYlal1alri (Ornamental works) tlfI~a~tlltlfltitJ1
liUjj ijru~hm~iiImJ~~ ~ ~ ~ ai1~ tUltlril~JJ 10JJ1rllliiLui ~1U til ~ lall ~lULLnn ~lULfl~ltl~O ell LLaLfl~ltl~Lfl11ltlU alllULfJ~ltl~ Lfl11ltlU~~li~1tltil1U11i~L Yl~iiU uaell~ ~jjal1altl61~111thlU
thLYl~BULiiitlliU h~lYlmtJU~ltlltlOU UUal1alri (Designs) ua
il (Colour) il~Iiiltl~(iltlilLtJUiilatl1Yltl
~1ULii~~1~J11JU~~U~~fi~1 iuLilu~ bullbullljl~1bullfu~bull bullbullh~~~U 1Lu~1ufeln~ul~bullbull~ilulm mII1t1lbullbullbull1~ 1J1JLtJ1~iumru~uunuulu1u~nutJTilu1numU~
h iiill1 fliill UUU flth~~j VP1ti~t1 tJ fl~ fltl tilllt1llL~lJ illmflJmil1fl~ I1ifllJlj~ldiu Bl1ii~ilillnLLu U~j~l1tijtltJfl~allll
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~ ~ ~
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
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almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
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tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
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bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
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m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
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huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
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bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
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ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
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lllii~Gitl1 uii
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lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
i11au1ilu1l1lJutl~milUtJ~ b~~liiu lIa~~1lll1~rltf1 Ulii~ ltIt
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Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
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(1483 AD) LUlJII (I ~m~L ~ tJlJ1l1Wjj i111lJ oj en I111lJni 1
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1573-1603 AD fUitJ Tuyutomi
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jj Edo LUlJLilfl~I1~1~ (U~lUlJjfl Tokyo l11li) tI~~LI11l
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fl Olti1~VI0l1tlflmnliltilliinUl1il1 rlll j ~VIh~~liIjn jil1l11l1lJ1nlJ1tl tJ u~ ililtlii tJ umh1ii~ LVl tl ~
ilu~llJli1l1iiu Tannyu (1602-1674 AD) LlJlI~tillil11lJ L~tl1tf1llJmh~~~ Ltitlllfl1WaLum~iluOlW~j~il Ogata Korin
(1655-1716 AD) li1l1~iibjtllu~rlUflOllli1 thnllilOlllLlJlI a1l11i1l111i1tlthr111llJllJ1n1 tJ u~ilOl ll illJtl1m1n1lJ 1LtJlI ~~ UlI1iI10l h 1l1iliilliiA1iI1jj~ti 18 llilnOliJ1tl Realistic LLOl Idealistic
Lnliltlll flOl Realistic II Maraama Okyo (1733-1795 AD)
LlJlI~riilJi~ a1l1 Ganku Koma LlJlI~riuJi~ Kishi School illv v
thnllLlJlILLUUliInu~~lljnuudi1tllllalill Jatuku Ito (1716shy800 AD) LlJlI1(ililjmlljIJlt1 Decorative Painting ~~~lV1qj~u il1n Korin
-31llWJlW (Xylography)
~ll1mWWlJYl (lil) LtJlIilOllla1l1ju~ (Minor art) ~~1di mthrllllJ1u~il~lm1n1 L1l1LL~hililiiA1iI1jWti 18 Lli1ill ti~ 1l1il0l ll llj Lfl VIiiliiiunljtln fi il~11L lJlI~ 1l1 tiUillil~ uun~ ~ il11lJiamjlI~~1VIqjtJ il~ilOlll ~iJlI U~tflltfll~ lliUtllJrlll LWj1 ~1iI11~1l1ilOlll tiLtJlIL~u~LMtl1tiu~1iI1i1L li1illtitlmi u~till Hishishy
kawa Moronobu (1638-1714 AD) LtJlI~riuJi~~1l1fl1WWlJYl illJtl1VIlitJu~~lll
hjll tfll tf1illi1ldimjl ii~ tTlI ~ 1lInllUillil~mJntJ u~ilOl ll ll j IJl VI iiLti lI tf 11~ iJ lI LOl rJ nll~ 1iI jnjjlJ LLOl~ 1l1fl lWWlJ Yl IJu~
255
~~1~~n~~~U~1~~~a~A~1~~~~ 19 ~~~~~~1a~A~1~~~~ 20
Ii~hHu~I151lltlil1nnU1l11lVllJvltJ~~qij~til~~fh~lJ1n
lnI2l~fj~t11I11YlWll-W2l ~uiJIiiiiiliifH~~~1~fill- Torii Kiyonobu rhn~~~1~~~wh~ 1664-1729 AD
Okumura Masanobu 1685-1764 AD
Lusuki Harunobu lh~1~~~lu~~wh~ 1725-1770 AD
Kitao Shigemasa 1739-1820 AD
Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
Toshusai Sharaku -1825 AD
Kitagawa Utamaro 1753-1805 AD
Katsushika Hokusai 1760-1849 AD
Hiroshige 1797-1858 AD
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1 tlJ~ltVitif1~ ti~lU~1~1 jji~1~1~L~~Ufl1 2 LiititlJ~ ltVilUUflUfl1nlJ1f1 i ~1U~O U~ untilJ~o~i~ fl1 ~ffiili ~ o1i~1 i1lt~aTlItliLDt1~fl~tl1 (A) LLuuio1i~fiI1tl1ijtJtlJlLULLpj~tur1UffiUYH ~~ 111 3 WlfI- 4
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all U~~n~~~~ 1~1l1i1 bwQ ~ ~ ~~1~ ~ hu111qjll mHII~
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lu blul~1111~au~ml~ldiii ~jlt1~ bba~b~~~ wa~~~~d~nu bii~~illntJl~l1n~lum~u~~l~~la~ bbu u~til~~aU~l1al~ bbuului~~lntiil~mildl~~til~bbjjU~Ul1 nuamu~~m~~lu btlutJ~~ail~lumj~1~
lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
l~Wu5nubbuuW~~Yj~fi~u~~~all~iju~~ ~~ll~~d~m~mu~du r~ii~a~15bWtl~ W~~bil~~fi~uth~na~ lldl~u~~~m~nUl1~~ 111qj W~~Yj~fi~Ubb uuiillW~~bfl~~lalb t1u~u~~nUdl1~ bba ~tll~ l~ 111llIH~~ a~illnW~~~~ a~bbfi ~ldW~~l~ ~ W~ ~Yj~fi~ua 1~~~~
~~~all~bb ~nad~~l~bba~ill~~ li1~ln
illn~~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 18-20 W~~Yj~fi~Um~1l1i1 bl11l ~1~u~~5Wa illn~au~al~tf~ 1il~iI~b lul~illnn1~r~ii~bull a~15~lU dl~u~~~flb~n W~~bil~~llbuadi~ll bba~tll~l~llll11
~~~a~~l~~W~~uln illnm~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 20 ~au~ n1~ail~W~~~fi~um~1l1ml1i1~rb~~bll~~a~
itIJ lhQrJ fJ~
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~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
1 pJruautJa1J~1JLu~0N7~~IJ~t11 2 pJruautJa1J~1JLU~n~lt1oJ1JLn~1J f U~~tx1JiNIt~1UIllfl~1W~1n UUU~U~O~1 L~~tOttJfl~1~il~m~nULU~~1J1~tli ~jjL~1~e~mJO~1~1 yi11~tft nill~lt1M1tl~nln ~~ poundj ~1 fttl ~1tltJ~(1t1 n~ 1 Peripteral temple
3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
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lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
~ln~lmvlmj~L01l~W~tiil101U1 lUUl1n~l~nU 1tJJ1mtJ~~ 111tl
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I (8
4
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3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
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LU uil n~~u -0 L~1~ ~r~d~mo ~~il niiuuoilnlffiJuutJ ~o
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a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
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(Stucco)
LlU u ltlti 1 ~ila tI ~ tJ ltl ~f11l1L VIU ltl tJlJldiUllJ 11tl1lJltlm tJ ~u flj jlJ tJ ltl~ 1mfu di1U Ill mjllULltl1ltlmtJ~unj jlJ tJ ltl~L tJlJ jlJ1
ltll1~ LUlJtI jl~cent1 jjl~tltlj~ltl~il~ltiLtilJL~U1rlU ltlUti LLUU tIjl~il ~ltl1U~1lJ~~ltl~~1~lJVI151~ Yl~~lan ~ltllJl1lJltllJUltlfjfiUl~ltllJ tI alfJ Lla ~1lJ ltllJul~lJ 1nillJI11 I1j~tJltl~W j ~LiI~6LLa ~Wj ~t1jl~il
ltl~tI ~a~tlJ n1 lL~lJ it ~nl1 I1tJ1~lI11lJL UlJtJnLl~lJ tJ fl~Ll UUL~lJ 1tI lIiGi IIInjj II ~j ~ rllJ iJ1lJ rlU ~ 1lJltlmtJ~u fljjlJ ~ 1lJ
tIj ~~lJlnljlJtJ ltl~1 tJI1U1~jjll11lJalJ~lJfirlu tJltl~L tJlJj di~ ldimh1
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- tIl - 1 1 ltlj 1 ~ LlU UW j ~Vj 11 5l tJlJlJ 1 ~1lJ lI 1 1lJlnLa ltllJ ltl lJ W j ~Vj 11 fi
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ldiLLU UW j ~Vj I1fil tI ill n1VIlJlJ lltlil~W j ~Vj I1fil tI LUlJLLUU 11tJ 11U
tJ ltl~~lJ illJ LL~L jlltl1 lalJUItjllJldih LtJ l1dill11lJ tJlJ~la1i1 ~~ ltll1~ LlU U llnW j ~Vjl1 5ltlm~fl1l1LVIU ltl lI~lJ~fllJ lL~ flWj ~ltl~ ~ i~mldiLtlllJ lt~afllJWj~Vjl1fiil1ltllJl1lJ1tJI1UldiulLLUUWj ~Vjl1fi ltllJlJL~Uua~i~mL tlllJldi1Uit ~ldi1I1l111lJtJlJma1i11VI~LLriilaUlJ ltl1tJI1U Wj~WI15jtlit ~illtl UlJ1I1U~~ltlll~tlJtJlJ L~lJ1tldiUlI1lJ
-illnlflui~ 1lJwl1~il1ltllJ1Lta ~lI11lJjjt1~ii~1i1 tJfl~illtltJlJ i1n~ru~
2
3
1 L6ltl1JLL1JUllUU1la~eUpoundJitllitJjjimtuWLAMtHfl~n1
2 LtUDtl~rujUtlqlltJ1tlth)tJ~111 jj49J~D~~ )J11ln LLuueU11UIiItlnrnjYIHJl1P1lwUtl
urntiULf1nu L~~r~UU qll~
31uftj~ti ~ti~1~tiUUfl1 ~ ~tI~ftj~ ~uLn~Ull f ~L~ ~ ~1~nfl1~Luua~ ntiftr~1I1 ~
l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
iiia 11~tI f1~ lt11tII1tnlUhumhtlYlflI1JJlf1rilUnUilI1imiJJ1Yltl LLa ~ if~ fl~jj f1~ ~a f1I1JJ 11U~~Uiila 11 mtllll~Iiitl lii~liULilf1lilmi1
lliii1iiiauU1tII1tllIiiLLltlI1~fIf1 0 ~ ~ f11iJJ tUfllJJ i~o tI fI ~ yj 1 ~1Yl tl
llhnUiila11LtJUltlri 1~~ ~
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
110U~H tJU ~~h lll ltl1lHjj ~n yj 1~110U~~ Iiitl al1altl ~Jl111a
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~~ LUJilmjjltllltJ1U LL~flillt1Ulil~~
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ltI(llij~tlO~ ltlU1Ul1tlOiiJJtIltl~ltI~tlltl~litll~UUtlJJ 1jill1mL~~ LtJU~llj~ii ri ltlJJ LLIiUltlUi1iiia 11 ltI~ tlltltl litJ1UUlliiiu BYlll~ a ill 0 iill ~ ~jj i ltlU tlJJ m ~ illll01i I1mL~~ LtJUvlL~jf liU
ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
flU tU 1U~Ylti~I1iijf~ 21 ltltl tirll11iimialUWillU lmim~ lt1m UI1tl OiiJJ ltl til ~ LUJJJ~ U ii1111Ultlli 1ll1i ~ i ~L il iiili ~ i 11il~ii 11ilalYlilll~ lliiltlil~~UhlifL01tl11llJJI1 LVitl~U~ Y1il01mlruamU~Lll11 ltlltl~liUfth 11Lil ltl~Uh WUltlrl
~lUthUlYlal1alri (Ornamental works) tlfI~a~tlltlfltitJ1
liUjj ijru~hm~iiImJ~~ ~ ~ ~ ai1~ tUltlril~JJ 10JJ1rllliiLui ~1U til ~ lall ~lULLnn ~lULfl~ltl~O ell LLaLfl~ltl~Lfl11ltlU alllULfJ~ltl~ Lfl11ltlU~~li~1tltil1U11i~L Yl~iiU uaell~ ~jjal1altl61~111thlU
thLYl~BULiiitlliU h~lYlmtJU~ltlltlOU UUal1alri (Designs) ua
il (Colour) il~Iiiltl~(iltlilLtJUiilatl1Yltl
~1ULii~~1~J11JU~~U~~fi~1 iuLilu~ bullbullljl~1bullfu~bull bullbullh~~~U 1Lu~1ufeln~ul~bullbull~ilulm mII1t1lbullbullbull1~ 1J1JLtJ1~iumru~uunuulu1u~nutJTilu1numU~
h iiill1 fliill UUU flth~~j VP1ti~t1 tJ fl~ fltl tilllt1llL~lJ illmflJmil1fl~ I1ifllJlj~ldiu Bl1ii~ilillnLLu U~j~l1tijtltJfl~allll
il~Ul LLil allll a1tJl11l LLI1iLLUU ~alJ tJfl~eil1fl~ LLil a1 tJl11lt1ll1l1diij
~ ~ ~
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L~ jl ~lll t1j ~flijlJ111l1L~lJ LrifllJ il ~ 1II ifmjji l~ll~1t1t1ll
~j111 fjjtl allll flll fjllltJ l~~rualJU~m~lJj~m~LLil~~1il bull U ~ I
~ iii jn jjll tJru~ll tJl1l1LtJllijll iin ill~ tJfl~nll11 j~lJl ~jj~t1ll fltl tilllfiLtJllijll iin ill~ tJ fl~~~jflijlJ eillnll~~jmjlJ 1111 L~lJ dilllJ lillnmj iilH iin illllLllllUllullll i1ll (Engraving) 1l ~
LLUu~~~a~LtJlltJfl~~l~i1ltilJ ul1~a1tJl11l lll~l1fj~mjw~ 19bull I
I1ifllJ lfildiuri1ll~L tilllli1mjlllllL~ fl~ l~j1Jll (B uddhist Cosmoshy
logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
~jt1jl~iil~jltiUjru ij~Hl~~jll~jmflll tilll L1111 tJ fl~~flll dill~l1 ti~ mjjIt~ 20 Illnll~ ~jmjlJLlIihi1il~ Lti llllldiLii ll llj 11
~ II ifllL11 llH~ H illllH~ eiIIL11 Illii~ 1il ~ Lti ll IIall1l11i fllJ1 Ii ~iJ ~lJ Lti llll1ll~~ jVj 11 fj ~ 11 L1111 LLm ul1i ih~~ Hi flij~ j almi~~lllJij fl
fl~lil~ Iihlli1Lflm~ii ~lLiJlljflll~llJ l~ll~t1jl~illnmjUll~n Hiiny1 II Ljlj~ all iJ1ty 11111 nll~~jmjlJ ~l ~11~ LA mrlu fl~ii t1jnflU1l1~Ua~~lliL~llii~L~fl~til~nHiflVjl1titlj1ampit1ll lliiL~lJ t1llLrifl~fllltlillll Hifl~fllldillVjl1tiif~jj~ 21 nll~~mjlJ ~1~11~~~Ujjil~il~Pl~1lljH11~Vjl1tiif~jj~21 i1 nll
~~jmjlJ~l~Vjl11tiajjii ~~111~~jll~ji1lfltjtilll eillL1111 tJ fl~
Fle] wmfr 223
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lrlm~ IIulUU lViu u nu1ijlil~m~lJirlu nu1ij~~m~lJ II ~~n1~l n~i Illlul~il nu1ij~~n~~lJII~~~U5Ulnlft~~n1~tiHlii~uifl~ei~u
huII~~n~~tn~i Ju lli1utl~uAolnml~II~~fl1~~unihtribull aunl~f1un~~~~flUflflnlJl
nu1ij~~m~lJlnulmlrunttuuu~nlii1~rlUfl~ 2 ttUU iiifl uuu~ii ~t ti fJU~U iJil fl yj1~ tYUi~~llJ U~~t~ru tiluuAn~ru ~Yi1m~ u~~tft~fl~uIii~n1UIIfl~~n l11U~~f1flU l~uri ~Utm~lUl~vhtt~~
r Qgt d III
~~~lJ~ln~~~u f1llJ~~nlJIIfl~1l1~IIUflJnu~IiI~lUt~UflU
U~~rulileiflU~lUU~ ~iJil flnu lUtuluul~rlunuiijlil~m~lJ IIU11i1 dIn (Miniatures) uuu~ 2 Ju u~IiI~l11d~ufi~fl1~ftU~l~qjttiuu ~ufl ti1~ ~ ~ ~ ~U ~1~llnnlJmrui yj 1~ tti UUu~ 1iI~f1llJ i~n fl flnlJ1 liiUflllJ l~~ llflUilillli1ihl m~a~mlilllfl~i~tJU1mlruJu lilt) tt~ ~tMlJ1u~u m~lJruifUflUtUuVlt~ltlIi1U tO~l~IIfl~f1U 1nulmlru
Vlilm~lJlii1~1 illli1u~~hlU IIUdUUl1 ih11 tt~~n1~~tiflU
1l1ii1~1 flUtuuill~IIfl~ tlulIllnuJu u~lnJfl~lunu1ijlil~m~lJ uUm~~1iI1lJ5~~lJ tllamp1i~~~u ~ ~mll11f1llJUUlill~ httrim~ ~il ~nu fl~~ u~ ~n~u 1ij1ll~m~lJ 1J1r~ ~~u l~lJllii
~iJthff3rfrrIi1U Inituni ~tl1illilunnJ ujflm~~flu5ulfi~uriflllJVlul~t~U~lU
luuA n1~5utll1~luuuft~~~~IIfl~1rlU luluu ~~ 2325 1~n
m~ ~i 1~n1~ ln~~~ ~lJ 111Ufl ~ ~Ut UU ~1 tl51il flU ~u nlJ ~U111~ lliiilm~~il~1111~Ufltil~lJlnlJ1U tt~~tuum~ttliufluil i~tJu llnflfj5Ul1liilJlthnu1un1~tn~i ~U ituu~~ hilqj~rhl11t~1 ttilh lliii li~U ~11 fl~~~U1IilUlnllun1IilflU~uJuil1nltru~t11il flU
rlU~~U~~~Uflfj5Ul ~lU~~lUIIIUn~~lJIIfl~~~u1lIIulnllun1
IiIButl1l1miubJUIgtTl t1~brimJ hilu Bl1il~1l IllnnuamtJlilfJm~1J t1~ ~U1l11ltJB~ iiUlJlmnU1tI Iluh1~b~fJ ijru~hm~l~~~ah~tJB~
1 ~ bull I~ ~ -r ~ all1ulilfJn~~1J u ~~~blllilfJU1l~~~~u~l~~IJl1~~aBUfJ~tJu nl~l1
IiInu~~ amtJIiIfJm ~11 iIIfJ1lIiI1l1fJlili11fJm ~bifB~ b~ 11 BUJU lil1~ iJru~ ltJB~IgtT1l tI ~briBIJ 1l ~ltJfh~lJln
lhGi 311 m~31 1i11jjn1~~u ~IJ~~~Vjl1ti~t1 1l1n1l1~~1~1
bii1lJl11lUn1~bl1~ mh~lJlnlJlfJ (b11UYlbi1jjo~11i1~~~btfliJ~U) b11U1ltJn1a1H1i11~UtflJ~~~Vjl1ti~t1bbUU~1~1 tJltJ~ 1mlru briltJ1~~ Il ~ail~~ ~~Vjl1ti~t11 H~ li1~~ ll~bliltJmilltJltJmhltllr fJ 1Ii1alYfJHd~ b11UUu uail~ ii~b 11UbH1iI1~IgtTl uualYfJ ililulnilul1fl~ill Ilbu~iilil
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
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almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
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bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
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chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
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m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
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5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
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1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
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b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
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ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
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lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
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lllii~Gitl1 uii
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1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
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blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
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ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
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238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
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mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
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Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
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a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
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0
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~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
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(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
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1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
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111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
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ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
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fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
i11au1ilu1l1lJutl~milUtJ~ b~~liiu lIa~~1lll1~rltf1 Ulii~ ltIt
ilm1tfll1~ tJ fl~ qj iJu~~~ ~u tu1u ltf aartJ tJ fl~~ lI1~1 iji1 Sui~o (593-628) W~~U1~ Suiko ~fluii1u1Jl11~m~bjjfl~111bbrib-i1tf1tJ
Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
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- 0 Jn1 ~blI ~~I1l ltl u ~tJfl~I1llltJlI~ 1U1~
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~ fl tJ fl ~ il0lUUnOl th~ 11 j~mtl1mjtl bbOl ~l~tI bUIl1 ~nOl th~ ~ ~
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1u~~jnjjtltiul0llh~ Tosa bbOl~ Kano jjfl1t1hiiqj~l~ lmnu~vHi1~l~tI bUIl1 ~tJ fl ~ ~ 111~~ jmjtl tJ fl ~ tU iJu iii fln1 jbii tI 11
1l11l flu1ijj biUbbOl~ltiUOl~bBtI ~itIWU5nu nu11j~mtl1mjtltJ1t1
Vfnlii11U1~1t1 bbUU11 j~b IltU tJ fl~tUiJU Ii ~jjfl1t1 tlntl ~ ~tiu fl~l11 j~Vll1~fl~Iili1~jj~~ 7-8 bb~11 j~mtl1mtJ1tUiJujjfl1t1 1t11 jl1Un1 jbb~~flflnli ~fl1t1Fln fltj 1~il~~~1t1lijjtltJ 1m jj
~1U11j~mtl1njjtl311flUtJfl~fl~Iili1~jj~~12 UOl~ 13 fl1il
b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
Renaissance hi 111t11IiiElniIlOltJfl~iiju miJ~tlmjtltJfl~tUiJu hib~tltiuflth~il~~lij~lufl~Iili1mjw~7 1uu fli1 624 1Iiib1i~ ~Uiin0l1~i11u1tiuii~ 4 4 6 bb11~ lV11jl1~ tiu UUflOlfl~j1nli ~ bUUriljUOl ~b1jjlj1U1Ujfl~ojU
ITo NARA (710-785)
U1j1bUUbjj fl ~~U iin0l1~I11 ~i11U1 bbOl ~n1jbjj fl ~ tJ fl~tU iJu
111 fl~ 1ili1~j j~~ 8 bUU~tJau~ ~ 1Vlqj tJ fl~ i0l 11 ~bbOl ~i11U1 l1i~~b itmnUl1 Tempyo 1Ubjjfl~U1j1jjuuu flth~miJ~omjlJ ~~jmjtl bbOl ~11j ~mtl1mjtl~bfhbbfi~l~tJ fl~tUiJU lV11j~l1~ liiol1liiifllV11j Horyuji l1~luu fli1 589 ~n1yj1V11lbl1oVl101u
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l1lbfhuri~l~ 1ulOln 1Uj~tI ~b~tlbbjn ilOluuiijutlTyhnu1utUiJu
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tJ fl~IltI Suiko Ii ~1Iiiojufl1t1UU~10l1ilil1nu uUIlj~IJJ~l~jiitJltl~ bn1V1~ nU11j~mtl1mjtltJltl~11j~mtl1m Kuratsukuri elu~~lV1qj iii flllj~Vjl1li311h~~elu~~ntl 11j~m~pu ltl~1 U1V11j Horyuji
jj311Iljdllii~1 2 tJ1~ Ilj~Vjl1li311 Yakushi (~in~1flUVln1j)
~fl~l~~u~11~~nvr (Peonies) ~flun (CanaJy) 16lviljj~~ Hokosai flUUqiljU
tJnv1V fi n1OilU~U ~ nttnltiui1ufl1ril1lI IIrUftiluqjlju i1U~U1 1lt~01~ luuuu
ii~lj~t1Vi~~lVi5a~leJ~ 2 ih~ ihlJlnliil~t1m~lJtilL~YftJeJ~ifltl 11 ~1 till1i~lihtl
tll1qjiJlifmiddoth~nlIJ~~~lJlm~lJliiltlYIeJ~hl~ VII 11 In
Lm~m~~l
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rh~l111qjiJI al1~l1i~~m~lJ~l1 Ltil ~t1tJeJ~ Sri Devi (Kichijoten)
l11111~ y akushiji Uli~ll~ll11LlJl1JUUtJeJ~qjiJll~mLI1 l111~ Kondo Toshodaiji iill~lfhlJllJuuifmU~Um~lJ
ellifltl ~llJ tJ eJ ~qj ijl~ La tl ILLUUifm U~ Um ~lJ tJ eJ~ il ifltl ~1 til ~ ~ Tang
ifliu JOGAN (794-890)
ifluiiqjiJItiltlUJeJ m~l~ 1I1nll~llJ 1 ~UJeJ~hm11 (Heian)
UII ~uliimljeJ~Liitll1~ (Kyoto) 1lifltliJlliiLn~iln1tl 1mjYl1~ VjYIlJillifll~I 2 ilmtl iieJ ilmu Tendai l~tl Saicho (Dengyo
Daishi) 1J~~ilmu Shingon l~tl Kukai (Kobo Daishi) i~ Saicho
LL~~ Kukai 11ii1t1t1~~L YIYfil LL~ ~lliill1i111lJl1~ 111liYI1~YflifllL tll
lJl11qjiJI Yflifll11l1il YflifllVjYIlJ olYI5Lli1 1J~~~YI5illl~ liI
ljolYI5 LMtll11Ull~iH1 Yfl II Umnmiibtl ii ~ LUI~ LYfltlll1lU tI 11 qjiJI Kukai fjLUlYflif~ltJeJ~ilmtl Shingon lilLUlUntlltlqJl
ifmtliln 1J~~i~~m Yil11liiifl1~l111~11~lUl111~ ~lj~mau~ lJlniieJl111~ Kongobuji l1IJLtJ1 Koya i~ilmtl Tendai U~~ S hingon ifl1~l111~ UlLil lLtJ llJ~ ~UIIJ LtJ lLi eJ1IlLn ~ olYI5iltllJ
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bull bullbull
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
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India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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~ltf~fllla~njjoGl~fJ)U flallll~G1fl11l (HC)
~ltf~~b1lfJ~ (Shang) ltJ~1u~~fJ~n1l1t1~lllru 1523-1027
~ltfJ~~iJ (Chou Western amp Eastern) 1027-771
alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
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almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
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Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
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3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
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tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
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tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
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1573-1603 AD fUitJ Tuyutomi
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1603-1868 AD ~1lf1Jfif Tokugawa
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illn~~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 18-20 W~~Yj~fi~Um~1l1i1 bl11l ~1~u~~5Wa illn~au~al~tf~ 1il~iI~b lul~illnn1~r~ii~bull a~15~lU dl~u~~~flb~n W~~bil~~llbuadi~ll bba~tll~l~llll11
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~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
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3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
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lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
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Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
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2
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l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
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lliii1iiiauU1tII1tllIiiLLltlI1~fIf1 0 ~ ~ f11iJJ tUfllJJ i~o tI fI ~ yj 1 ~1Yl tl
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
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ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
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liUjj ijru~hm~iiImJ~~ ~ ~ ~ ai1~ tUltlril~JJ 10JJ1rllliiLui ~1U til ~ lall ~lULLnn ~lULfl~ltl~O ell LLaLfl~ltl~Lfl11ltlU alllULfJ~ltl~ Lfl11ltlU~~li~1tltil1U11i~L Yl~iiU uaell~ ~jjal1altl61~111thlU
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I1ifllJ lfildiuri1ll~L tilllli1mjlllllL~ fl~ l~j1Jll (B uddhist Cosmoshy
logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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luuA n1~5utll1~luuuft~~~~IIfl~1rlU luluu ~~ 2325 1~n
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lhGi 311 m~31 1i11jjn1~~u ~IJ~~~Vjl1ti~t1 1l1n1l1~~1~1
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~ltfJ~~iJ (Chou Western amp Eastern) 1027-771
alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
alYfJtJltJ~m~ifna~fl~llJ (Periods of the Warring States) 481-221
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jl1f1~jijilJ (Chin) 221-207
almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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~~n tJil~n1jualll~ililm UlJWbltljJo btilJ th~bI1ltTIilJ lJilml1mh~LI1ltT
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illlt1njJow~L tilJbampitJ1rllJ
b~lJ IJjniLampitJ1 IflJ If1~1ilJ~~~lJ~1lJ il~rtlJ ~lJ~rl1111llJ (Tarim)
llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
tJil~ lIIlJbUlJhAqjlJ1IJ1ii1U jlWn1ltl lt111fiiill iJI1illlltl~~ 1VIqjil~~ri 1WllJ fj j jlJ IJltl ~~ltl1lnl jlJ tJil ~ If111ilJ biiil ~ illn If111ilJ1~ ~ lIIti~L~il~
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11 -flfqjl tJil~1ilJ Iiilil11j ~lt5mtl11~fjjjlJ If1 ~~~VIltllmUlJ tJ il~lJ llln
middot~ 2 _ _
3 4
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2 illlJ11flml1rilUfulL~~tllllJl (Temple of Welcome of the New Year) hmt~i1n~~ bull 1
3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
11~~ tIII OJn tI OJ~ ni ~m~ltill 19I ~111 hl1lU1tl~1tlVl5ni lJ eJtlbtltltlOJ~ltI~l~~IIb~OJ 200 tJriOJIIi1lltllilm01 ltJbl1OJ~I1~Jtl 111
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
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1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
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3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
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a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
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tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
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tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
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Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
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lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
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Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
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Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
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(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
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Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
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btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
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~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
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I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
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n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
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ilm1tfll1~ tJ fl~ qj iJu~~~ ~u tu1u ltf aartJ tJ fl~~ lI1~1 iji1 Sui~o (593-628) W~~U1~ Suiko ~fluii1u1Jl11~m~bjjfl~111bbrib-i1tf1tJ
Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
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~1U11j~mtl1njjtl311flUtJfl~fl~Iili1~jj~~12 UOl~ 13 fl1il
b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
Renaissance hi 111t11IiiElniIlOltJfl~iiju miJ~tlmjtltJfl~tUiJu hib~tltiuflth~il~~lij~lufl~Iili1mjw~7 1uu fli1 624 1Iiib1i~ ~Uiin0l1~i11u1tiuii~ 4 4 6 bb11~ lV11jl1~ tiu UUflOlfl~j1nli ~ bUUriljUOl ~b1jjlj1U1Ujfl~ojU
ITo NARA (710-785)
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l1lbfhuri~l~ 1ulOln 1Uj~tI ~b~tlbbjn ilOluuiijutlTyhnu1utUiJu
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jj311Iljdllii~1 2 tJ1~ Ilj~Vjl1li311 Yakushi (~in~1flUVln1j)
~fl~l~~u~11~~nvr (Peonies) ~flun (CanaJy) 16lviljj~~ Hokosai flUUqiljU
tJnv1V fi n1OilU~U ~ nttnltiui1ufl1ril1lI IIrUftiluqjlju i1U~U1 1lt~01~ luuuu
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tll1qjiJlifmiddoth~nlIJ~~~lJlm~lJliiltlYIeJ~hl~ VII 11 In
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rh~l111qjiJI al1~l1i~~m~lJ~l1 Ltil ~t1tJeJ~ Sri Devi (Kichijoten)
l11111~ y akushiji Uli~ll~ll11LlJl1JUUtJeJ~qjiJll~mLI1 l111~ Kondo Toshodaiji iill~lfhlJllJuuifmU~Um~lJ
ellifltl ~llJ tJ eJ ~qj ijl~ La tl ILLUUifm U~ Um ~lJ tJ eJ~ il ifltl ~1 til ~ ~ Tang
ifliu JOGAN (794-890)
ifluiiqjiJItiltlUJeJ m~l~ 1I1nll~llJ 1 ~UJeJ~hm11 (Heian)
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Daishi) 1J~~ilmu Shingon l~tl Kukai (Kobo Daishi) i~ Saicho
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llUlUltlllll logan dillLVIjjeJUllU
iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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Fujiwara ~~~l~I1-i~VIQ~ iileJiflltll Howodo lU1V11j Byodoin
Ultl~ Yamashiro ~lJ~lV1~nUitJeJ~ Sri Devi (Kichijoten) UlJilLUU
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Kose no Kanaoka (900 AD) Ultl~l~jtllll VIltllUtfllltJeJ~LtJl
ldiLilllUm~il1~lJj~ihlUjj~eJilYamato-E Toba Soja (1053shy
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2 318 Wj~bjl111nitlJj1lJl11mJlJtJnbb~lJ ah~Ujfl~
IIltl1~ 1IIjjiilllJljl
2325 bjlWj~mjnl bJlJn~1Illl~lJjl1f1~fjnl
al1~n1~l1IlJlnitlJI1i ~
2 394-2411 Wj~Ul11alJb1llWj~lfllJbnlttlbllf1tVI1
(King Mongkut) b~lJliilbijlJWj~jl1falJ-WlJllllJ1Il nUlJIIllillJlllh~Ib~bl1~
2411-2 4 5 3 Wj~U l11alJb1llWj~llttlfllJbnlttlbll
f1~111 (King Chulalongkorn) Ulf11jtJlijjlJ
1IdlJ1InbiillJl-WIilJlJl1b~b I1~1 11pound1
iialla3TtlfifllJl11tJ (Pre Thai Periods)
~GiI1mrtJm111Wi (Davaravari Art)
illtt IJ ~mr poundI 1111 jl1~al1~ ~lJ bvi f1~lalJ lVjl1llH1 fJ lJ 111 fJ 1lJ
il ~bbjnMtll1BWltt llnilltt IJ ~airfJ f1lJ jl1~ ~f1lJ liij~ l~llnilltt IJ ~airfJ
~ IJ 11 ~ 1J f1~ lilJb~tJ 1Ilmh~u b~lJ bbjn illttUlJairpoundI 1111 jl1~bii tJlJbbUU
nljall~Wj~Vjl1Ii~IJllnairtJ~IJ1I~f1~l~bbl1l~~ ~f11 lJliij~~f1tJi1
rnlfru~1Jf1~1IlJbf1~lJln~lJ ~1lJ IJj ~~lJ In jjlJ 1JfI~airtJI111jl1~ii UlalJllbJlJVib~lfJlJbJlJ~llJh~1I ~lJb~11vl bbltt ~lJiJlJ ~ ~bba1l~ 1I1b j 1 bjlJ1~1i~r nlfru~Vi b~jf1J f1~ biffI If l~b UlJ f1~ 1~ ~ ~ ~ illtt IJ ~ I111j11~ bUlJalJ n1 j ltl111]J 1J fI ~ n 1jIifI ~~ afltt Ii1 ~ n1ja l1 ~W j ~Vj 11 Ii
~IJI11~1l1il bIIilfl 1JfI~111pound1
middottiFmiddotmiddot
1 pji~1Uf1-1 (Side elevation) ~EI-11~1lLlIlJ t111-1fffl1lJtJtlll~fl~1 2 LLUUtJ1111111tl-1lUI LLflll-1 ~uil~inMtU~ LfIlML1hultJlriunuu 71-31fII e-1 LtIll LLlfi
11tJmiddot~titJY1ft1 i (A)lnll1mi1U1U~nL1li~1IJtJr~l1ril ~OUti ~rUi1u L~ ftfl~~~1~tiOM~ Li1UztJL~1J 3 4 i~J~huUflt1-1I1lJlltl-4)~1IIlJl (3) lInLLliHIiltJItlllfl1t1ti1UUwmuJu ijpj)
U1flflIMl1tJmj1UUluiL11hW~h~tluU7l1tHtlmrU~IiIiiLLU1Jfll ft1Ull11nLlIlJ
LliiOfltlUWJ1ln-J1
fitftl1mJllmirTII (Srivijaya Art) bri m~ l1j1l1ii~WJ 1lJ lJ WU fi elUIn lt1pound 111 tJ ltl~ tlj W1lJ InljlJ
f11~1l1~ bHih tJ ltl~1mlflu tlj W1lJ InljlJ tJ ltl~ tl 1 r1~ ~l 11111h iii01 tltJ ltl~ tl l~~ljhu h~ 1I1bn 11Iil 01 tluUUbil~~ bbflU ~u (StyIe
of Chiengsen) amill1l~nljlJm~1l1~bHUmJltl~1f1~lih~U1jj ltlUrlU lWiual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruiiI01 tlJ ltl~i101 tlJ I~~ojiT~ b~ltl~Bf1GVi 01 Jltl~iiI01tltllallmlojiT~d ltlllbuultll(if 2 mlbt~ ~ltl mlbt~ HO ~ r ~ Iiii 01 tl iilojiT~1Wijj Bf1G Vi 01 Ol tilUiii01 tl all~ a1Jl1~ (if~ IiU Ii ~lj I ~1 Uiii01 tl m~1l1~ bHU I Wi tJ1l1 ~ H lt1~ bri ltlVi jbij1jllJ III bbm lj iilU1ltlnilj ltl~1l1~ l(ifI1lO1 ltll1lbbH01lJlJ 01lfJ
~ftl1ffillJlf)JJ (Khmer Art)
bri rnriu iii01 tl tJltl~ btJlJjliu 1f1~ lii~u bltl1UUUltltil~f11~iilU amill1l~nljlJbb01 01I1I01l~l1InU~~lJl1 llH01l~ ltltil~ bb~l~lii~ Ubltll ~lU tlj W1lJlnljlJ tljlJma-jl~~tl b~ljVi (Statuary) b01 ~
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Vi jVjf1Ii~ tl tJltl~ all~mljl~ ~ojiT ~ bb01b f)lJj 1111~lJ In a-jl~bUuvlbiilbt buu~ tl iilHlt1niu humVjf1Ii~tl tJltl~ 1f1~ a-jl~
iimh~11I Hlnlmhl11(lnMltl btJult1nbtruJltl~mjiJuyjel~ ~~ briltliJuult1Ii~thl tlHltimu~101H dbuU~Hh~qJ~h l11bllll1lmj bbal1l~ltlltlnm~ll1lllltJltl~tlll f1~lii
itftl1ifmllffU llft~ftl1rI1m1fimi1a
ami GI OnUI amill1l~nljlJtJltl~1f1~1ujlru~ill1l iitT~ bHii ltlltl~l I1bluM ltlVijblM ~ ~ual1l~ 1I1bluii~ lt1nbtruv1biilbtf)Ol~ iiI01tl BUb~~ Vi ~1 bb01 ~~l T~ 1uallm il~~bbauliu 11 ll jj~~ riltla-jl~ 1Ujlru~ill1lbHiiltlltl~Ul~ u~iluiltl~llJWlU jObUUtl1 H1n ljOlj l11l~Ubjjltl~b il~~ bbau1UOlti 1~ l~~ ~~ rfi~l h~ 1I1bjl1iiHlt1n
4
1 tlJ~ltVitif1~ ti~lU~1~1 jji~1~1~L~~Ufl1 2 LiititlJ~ ltVilUUflUfl1nlJ1f1 i ~1U~O U~ untilJ~o~i~ fl1 ~ffiili ~ o1i~1 i1lt~aTlItliLDt1~fl~tl1 (A) LLuuio1i~fiI1tl1ijtJtlJlLULLpj~tur1UffiUYH ~~ 111 3 WlfI- 4
~lU~l~U~~l~~la~~au~~~~~~~ual~~l~Ul~
all U~~n~~~~ 1~1l1i1 bwQ ~ ~ ~~1~ ~ hu111qjll mHII~
~~~W~jjl al~bb~Il~~5Wa~au~~u~~~d~ ~au~~~~bll~~hXiU
lu blul~1111~au~ml~ldiii ~jlt1~ bba~b~~~ wa~~~~d~nu bii~~illntJl~l1n~lum~u~~l~~la~ bbu u~til~~aU~l1al~ bbuului~~lntiil~mildl~~til~bbjjU~Ul1 nuamu~~m~~lu btlutJ~~ail~lumj~1~
lh~ Gi IJ1 nUI
all~bb~n ~tilu (~~~~nal) ~~1I11~ W~fi~~~~1l-ti 15-18 v
all~l1~ Yj~fi~~~~1l-fi 18-21
bull v bbUUW~~W~fi~Um~1l1i1b l11l~ ~~~1~~allmb~nt1u lli1dl~
l~Wu5nubbuuW~~Yj~fi~u~~~all~iju~~ ~~ll~~d~m~mu~du r~ii~a~15bWtl~ W~~bil~~fi~uth~na~ lldl~u~~~m~nUl1~~ 111qj W~~Yj~fi~Ubb uuiillW~~bfl~~lalb t1u~u~~nUdl1~ bba ~tll~ l~ 111llIH~~ a~illnW~~~~ a~bbfi ~ldW~~l~ ~ W~ ~Yj~fi~ua 1~~~~
~~~all~bb ~nad~~l~bba~ill~~ li1~ln
illn~~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 18-20 W~~Yj~fi~Um~1l1i1 bl11l ~1~u~~5Wa illn~au~al~tf~ 1il~iI~b lul~illnn1~r~ii~bull a~15~lU dl~u~~~flb~n W~~bil~~llbuadi~ll bba~tll~l~llll11
~~~a~~l~~W~~uln illnm~uual~Yj~fi~~d~~1Yti 20 ~au~ n1~ail~W~~~fi~um~1l1ml1i1~rb~~bll~~a~
itIJ lhQrJ fJ~
1uall~1U~1(IJ ~~fJ~b t1ubll~~l1ii~ ~~~ ~1(IJ1~mml~ld~ 1il~lu~au~~~~~i~btlu~all~~~~ml~ld~ lui1~~l1~~~~Yj~fi ~m~~1Yti 16 l11~~U~~d~~1Yti 17 j1all~~~~~b~~1~~~5Wa b~~~ lI~~0~ln~~~iH~~~ulln1Y(IJ~btJ~~ bW~l~b11~11nU lI~~0~lm~~tJ~~ml~ld~bba~~~~b~~~l1u llildl~l~WU5nU~til~
~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
1 pJruautJa1J~1JLu~0N7~~IJ~t11 2 pJruautJa1J~1JLU~n~lt1oJ1JLn~1J f U~~tx1JiNIt~1UIllfl~1W~1n UUU~U~O~1 L~~tOttJfl~1~il~m~nULU~~1J1~tli ~jjL~1~e~mJO~1~1 yi11~tft nill~lt1M1tl~nln ~~ poundj ~1 fttl ~1tltJ~(1t1 n~ 1 Peripteral temple
3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
lmH1~hLLUUmh~~ln ~~rUi~ij~ ~tl~111L~tl1111~B~ ~igthnJ~ ~01B~LL UUi11mi111nUB~~1tlnU JULUUn1~tl1nfiJ ~mh11~i1 LUULLUU tJB~ li1~ tlBmUU~~LLtii1 L~B~LtfUiir~Ln~~uLLrimrtl 111Ll1 m111~ B~nmr tl LtfUt~mnUnUO1n6i tf 1~riB~tiUtlB~ij 1ntlI~ VlLil~1~mQW1~lu~6itJ~tJB~~nltln6i
lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
~ni101U1IJLtfUnUtJ~~~~lm~~~~01-j1~lu~~B~ ~~JU~1Btl1~ nU~6itJ ~lti~B~fi~fi O1~i~L UUtJ B~01-j1~ lUW~tiA~1~~fi 18 Lt6i ~ ~
~UW~IJil~1~~ii 19 W ~~Vj~IJ~tJ ~~B~ij 1ntlI~Lt ~~n1 11 111i111~ ~ilm UU01~l1i
Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
iraualfJI1fJ (Sukhothai-Art) ltr1ffffC1liijf)j 18-20 O1tl1illllomill tJ111mlO1lltl 011 tJrimJUliBW~IJi1101U11~1i
liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
~ln~lmvlmj~L01l~W~tiil101U1 lUUl1n~l~nU 1tJJ1mtJ~~ 111tl
-rt11tJ~~riB01-j1~m~il~01U1tJB~1 ~tl LtfU 1U01ri 1yen11~ JUijtJU1~ nil~1yenlqj ~~JUi~ O1-j1~yenIltl ~111lii1tlllu Btl1~lyen11~ tJ B~t tJ~ ~ 1li1~ Q~Ju i~ 1tJ1arLUU111~~O11l~ lutuum~ 111Ln~LL UUBtl1~01miJ~tl m ~~ 1mHlu ti B~~ 1J1ntJ~ ~LW ru tJ 111~tl-j ULB1LLUUO1miJ~tl m~~ tJB~ttJ~~~11ti~1tl LL~1liin6i1mUUhULLl1n~1~iJ1111~LL~ufi J ~L UU111 ~ ~01-j1~lUL UUtJmL~U (Constructive)
ltlU~1 mniJl1tlm ~~ tJ B~1~tllu~ ~tl ~t~~liiUrULuutJ~ ~1J1~ LBm~jiJ (Monochrome) ~B~ltriB1liiul~1iW6itJB~iu i~mntl LuUWIl~~jiJ (Polychrome) LL6i~U~~1N6ihn1~LL01I1~BBn~~LL UU
I (8
4
1 ~ntJnu~fl~1Y1UeurmfLli[Juflfl~UfllfitJ1IJltnlrl jj l1JJi~1J1~t lPl11~ li]U
iln~~u ~~U~OlJi~~11Ibullbull~OU~Lii~~mi1~~n1IJ(A) 2 1UftJJU fiflJJ1 Li1lt~fu iiYlfin~ lIfl~iil i1lllflJU11~ fifilmJ ft11J~u t~JjiimiN LUU1~ ~jj Lt1a~U~ riu~utJLuuoiu1 Oth1L n~un~1 mUlaquo1nLL~ (B)
3 ~lLi1rU~flmUllllJfl~fitJ1
- - ~ -~ shy4 fl 01i1 fit n11JlllJilJlulJIU ~n~IY1ffi~~n1UY1NIQlIIl~l1l1l1 ~ ClJtUJUIJllt)-3 11JJ
LU uil n~~u -0 L~1~ ~r~d~mo ~~il niiuuoilnlffiJuutJ ~o
mh~ tJltl~iiltl tI~mh~ L~lJ~ lumJUltlfjfitJ11lJVfnfii1Wljjlt~ 21
Lrimdi1u fInBWltl tJ ltl~ iilJtJlJ Ljldiltl~Ylilljrulii~ iJelL iI iIl~ h ltllmj~mllj~ltll1~di1ubJ riltl111Lii~jjmj~mL~~ltl1~ltllU Lla~ jj n 1j1tillVIal ulI Q~tJlJ tIlJ tll~~ri ltlltll1~di1Ul~tlfil~tlij~L~m rllJ fllJn iI ~jj LlUU mj 1~ ila tI ~lI ilU lI~ rllJ di~ iI ~L1llJldiillmllJ
a1~alUlilV1inllJ (Wood-carvings) a~lntJ~I1ltl~ tIj~diunj~iln
LUlJdilJ fl1lJll1j~ltlh~~LUlJ lJjtJlJUUlJ ~mL~~libu a1~alU lJ jlJ
(Stucco)
LlU u ltlti 1 ~ila tI ~ tJ ltl ~f11l1L VIU ltl tJlJldiUllJ 11tl1lJltlm tJ ~u flj jlJ tJ ltl~ 1mfu di1U Ill mjllULltl1ltlmtJ~unj jlJ tJ ltl~L tJlJ jlJ1
ltll1~ LUlJtI jl~cent1 jjl~tltlj~ltl~il~ltiLtilJL~U1rlU ltlUti LLUU tIjl~il ~ltl1U~1lJ~~ltl~~1~lJVI151~ Yl~~lan ~ltllJl1lJltllJUltlfjfiUl~ltllJ tI alfJ Lla ~1lJ ltllJul~lJ 1nillJI11 I1j~tJltl~W j ~LiI~6LLa ~Wj ~t1jl~il
ltl~tI ~a~tlJ n1 lL~lJ it ~nl1 I1tJ1~lI11lJL UlJtJnLl~lJ tJ fl~Ll UUL~lJ 1tI lIiGi IIInjj II ~j ~ rllJ iJ1lJ rlU ~ 1lJltlmtJ~u fljjlJ ~ 1lJ
tIj ~~lJlnljlJtJ ltl~1 tJI1U1~jjll11lJalJ~lJfirlu tJltl~L tJlJj di~ ldimh1
Lli111 W j ~W I1fijtlm~fl1l1 LVIi) ltlJ ltl~ 1I1utJlJ jjll11lJ alJ~lJfi1lJ LLUU ltlti1 ~ rlU tJ ltl ~ ltlirUijtl~~ LL~l lJltllJU1tJ I1U tIj ~~lJl nl1I1U
- tIl - 1 1 ltlj 1 ~ LlU UW j ~Vj 11 5l tJlJlJ 1 ~1lJ lI 1 1lJlnLa ltllJ ltl lJ W j ~Vj 11 fi
il1ltllJ1 Lla ~lI11lJllImLti~L iffltll~mh~LlI1i1l~ Ljl11 ltl1 iI tl~ tllJldiLLUlJltllJh lIlJ1I1U1mlrultllJultJI1utJlJ
ldiLLU UW j ~Vj I1fil tI ill n1VIlJlJ lltlil~W j ~Vj I1fil tI LUlJLLUU 11tJ 11U
tJ ltl~~lJ illJ LL~L jlltl1 lalJUItjllJldih LtJ l1dill11lJ tJlJ~la1i1 ~~ ltll1~ LlU U llnW j ~Vjl1 5ltlm~fl1l1LVIU ltl lI~lJ~fllJ lL~ flWj ~ltl~ ~ i~mldiLtlllJ lt~afllJWj~Vjl1fiil1ltllJl1lJ1tJI1UldiulLLUUWj ~Vjl1fi ltllJlJL~Uua~i~mL tlllJldi1Uit ~ldi1I1l111lJtJlJma1i11VI~LLriilaUlJ ltl1tJI1U Wj~WI15jtlit ~illtl UlJ1I1U~~ltlll~tlJtJlJ L~lJ1tldiUlI1lJ
-illnlflui~ 1lJwl1~il1ltllJ1Lta ~lI11lJjjt1~ii~1i1 tJfl~illtltJlJ i1n~ru~
2
3
1 L6ltl1JLL1JUllUU1la~eUpoundJitllitJjjimtuWLAMtHfl~n1
2 LtUDtl~rujUtlqlltJ1tlth)tJ~111 jj49J~D~~ )J11ln LLuueU11UIiItlnrnjYIHJl1P1lwUtl
urntiULf1nu L~~r~UU qll~
31uftj~ti ~ti~1~tiUUfl1 ~ ~tI~ftj~ ~uLn~Ull f ~L~ ~ ~1~nfl1~Luua~ ntiftr~1I1 ~
l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
iiia 11~tI f1~ lt11tII1tnlUhumhtlYlflI1JJlf1rilUnUilI1imiJJ1Yltl LLa ~ if~ fl~jj f1~ ~a f1I1JJ 11U~~Uiila 11 mtllll~Iiitl lii~liULilf1lilmi1
lliii1iiiauU1tII1tllIiiLLltlI1~fIf1 0 ~ ~ f11iJJ tUfllJJ i~o tI fI ~ yj 1 ~1Yl tl
llhnUiila11LtJUltlri 1~~ ~
Lfl~iNilU6iUun ~lI1~am~iila11~tIltl~1Yltl1mlru~uu i ljjfl lJJ ~ 11~ lJJ ltl ri 1 ~ ~ ~ 11 i Lll YlllU ~ M ltlLfl ~ ltl ~ iJU~U L~ 1 tI ltl ~ ltIiifllamLa lt11tII1tllU~Yl li~I1ii~~ 19-20 ~ ~LtJU~i~oflUiii
bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
110U~H tJU ~~h lll ltl1lHjj ~n yj 1~110U~~ Iiitl al1altl ~Jl111a
u ii111~OmL~o I Lfl11 ltl uliitl ~Lti tleiltlUliU1jhwlulUvHimi
~~ LUJilmjjltllltJ1U LL~flillt1Ulil~~
itilumJmJfJl5fJ1 (Wf1 1890-2310)
ltI(llij~tlO~ ltlU1Ul1tlOiiJJtIltl~ltI~tlltl~litll~UUtlJJ 1jill1mL~~ LtJU~llj~ii ri ltlJJ LLIiUltlUi1iiia 11 ltI~ tlltltl litJ1UUlliiiu BYlll~ a ill 0 iill ~ ~jj i ltlU tlJJ m ~ illll01i I1mL~~ LtJUvlL~jf liU
ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
flU tU 1U~Ylti~I1iijf~ 21 ltltl tirll11iimialUWillU lmim~ lt1m UI1tl OiiJJ ltl til ~ LUJJJ~ U ii1111Ultlli 1ll1i ~ i ~L il iiili ~ i 11il~ii 11ilalYlilll~ lliiltlil~~UhlifL01tl11llJJI1 LVitl~U~ Y1il01mlruamU~Lll11 ltlltl~liUfth 11Lil ltl~Uh WUltlrl
~lUthUlYlal1alri (Ornamental works) tlfI~a~tlltlfltitJ1
liUjj ijru~hm~iiImJ~~ ~ ~ ~ ai1~ tUltlril~JJ 10JJ1rllliiLui ~1U til ~ lall ~lULLnn ~lULfl~ltl~O ell LLaLfl~ltl~Lfl11ltlU alllULfJ~ltl~ Lfl11ltlU~~li~1tltil1U11i~L Yl~iiU uaell~ ~jjal1altl61~111thlU
thLYl~BULiiitlliU h~lYlmtJU~ltlltlOU UUal1alri (Designs) ua
il (Colour) il~Iiiltl~(iltlilLtJUiilatl1Yltl
~1ULii~~1~J11JU~~U~~fi~1 iuLilu~ bullbullljl~1bullfu~bull bullbullh~~~U 1Lu~1ufeln~ul~bullbull~ilulm mII1t1lbullbullbull1~ 1J1JLtJ1~iumru~uunuulu1u~nutJTilu1numU~
h iiill1 fliill UUU flth~~j VP1ti~t1 tJ fl~ fltl tilllt1llL~lJ illmflJmil1fl~ I1ifllJlj~ldiu Bl1ii~ilillnLLu U~j~l1tijtltJfl~allll
il~Ul LLil allll a1tJl11l LLI1iLLUU ~alJ tJfl~eil1fl~ LLil a1 tJl11lt1ll1l1diij
~ ~ ~
~ru~lm~jiltl a~ L~jljiltl 2 alllliiLL~nl1il~rllllJlnilllllfllil jlJLihmidillrlllldi lll~l1tiifmjw~ 2 3 ldiijmjal~~j~l1ti j 11 rlll1H~t1II ~ n uUU lId ~ ij iinru~ alJ j lI-il~ jil 11 a1tJl11lrlU il~ 4l ull11il ~n11UUuri flll LLl1ifil~ijljruiilm~jil11 lJlmJn
L~ jl ~lll t1j ~flijlJ111l1L~lJ LrifllJ il ~ 1II ifmjji l~ll~1t1t1ll
~j111 fjjtl allll flll fjllltJ l~~rualJU~m~lJj~m~LLil~~1il bull U ~ I
~ iii jn jjll tJru~ll tJl1l1LtJllijll iin ill~ tJfl~nll11 j~lJl ~jj~t1ll fltl tilllfiLtJllijll iin ill~ tJ fl~~~jflijlJ eillnll~~jmjlJ 1111 L~lJ dilllJ lillnmj iilH iin illllLllllUllullll i1ll (Engraving) 1l ~
LLUu~~~a~LtJlltJfl~~l~i1ltilJ ul1~a1tJl11l lll~l1fj~mjw~ 19bull I
I1ifllJ lfildiuri1ll~L tilllli1mjlllllL~ fl~ l~j1Jll (B uddhist Cosmoshy
logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
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almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
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chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
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m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
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5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
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bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
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1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
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ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
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blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
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t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
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238
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i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
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mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
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a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
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lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
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0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
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(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
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1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
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111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
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ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
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fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
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iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
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gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
i11au1ilu1l1lJutl~milUtJ~ b~~liiu lIa~~1lll1~rltf1 Ulii~ ltIt
ilm1tfll1~ tJ fl~ qj iJu~~~ ~u tu1u ltf aartJ tJ fl~~ lI1~1 iji1 Sui~o (593-628) W~~U1~ Suiko ~fluii1u1Jl11~m~bjjfl~111bbrib-i1tf1tJ
Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
b~ 1fl1Jmhdflti1~n11~ lliii1 qjiJlI~afltJl1l1~ulIdi-lalJ~ ultl ~ili1llli~~~ tJfl~ ~lI~11 lIt)naartJ u11iri11lii1111I1tf1dqjiJlI~l1lb 1l1
- 0 Jn1 ~blI ~~I1l ltl u ~tJfl~I1llltJlI~ 1U1~
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~ fl tJ fl ~ il0lUUnOl th~ 11 j~mtl1mjtl bbOl ~l~tI bUIl1 ~nOl th~ ~ ~
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1u~~jnjjtltiul0llh~ Tosa bbOl~ Kano jjfl1t1hiiqj~l~ lmnu~vHi1~l~tI bUIl1 ~tJ fl ~ ~ 111~~ jmjtl tJ fl ~ tU iJu iii fln1 jbii tI 11
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ilu~llJli1l1iiu Tannyu (1602-1674 AD) LlJlI~tillil11lJ L~tl1tf1llJmh~~~ Ltitlllfl1WaLum~iluOlW~j~il Ogata Korin
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Lnliltlll flOl Realistic II Maraama Okyo (1733-1795 AD)
LlJlI~riilJi~ a1l1 Ganku Koma LlJlI~riuJi~ Kishi School illv v
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kawa Moronobu (1638-1714 AD) LtJlI~riuJi~~1l1fl1WWlJYl illJtl1VIlitJu~~lll
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255
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Okumura Masanobu 1685-1764 AD
Lusuki Harunobu lh~1~~~lu~~wh~ 1725-1770 AD
Kitao Shigemasa 1739-1820 AD
Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
Toshusai Sharaku -1825 AD
Kitagawa Utamaro 1753-1805 AD
Katsushika Hokusai 1760-1849 AD
Hiroshige 1797-1858 AD
( UAllUSlU fUA) y~~lio~ 9 (rqVPS1lf8oUJV) ampV~Ilrt1BomiddotS
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bull bullbull
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
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logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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~ltf~fllla~njjoGl~fJ)U flallll~G1fl11l (HC)
~ltf~~b1lfJ~ (Shang) ltJ~1u~~fJ~n1l1t1~lllru 1523-1027
~ltfJ~~iJ (Chou Western amp Eastern) 1027-771
alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
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jl1f1~jijilJ (Chin) 221-207
almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
tJil~ lIIlJbUlJhAqjlJ1IJ1ii1U jlWn1ltl lt111fiiill iJI1illlltl~~ 1VIqjil~~ri 1WllJ fj j jlJ IJltl ~~ltl1lnl jlJ tJil ~ If111ilJ biiil ~ illn If111ilJ1~ ~ lIIti~L~il~
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3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
i1 l ltlliln 101 UlJili1hi bri lUribl1ll OJtl n uti lampiffllt11911 tI OJ~ ~f1t11i1
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Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
lh ~tl1if~UrhtfUti1itJltlU lh~tl1if~U1 iii fl tJ ~ ~au n1 ~itn a~ il ~ l~ fl~ ti fltJil~ ~ ~tilaltJ~~lilnl11~jatJ ~tJfl~tllUihU 1my tittJl1ll11tJ~U
a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
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1573-1603 AD fUitJ Tuyutomi
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1603-1868 AD ~1lf1Jfif Tokugawa
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
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almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
i~iUJ tI OJ ~ tI tltll ~ ua ~byItll[J ttlltI~ eJtlb~lJ 1tI ffi fJlll1li lJ OJ poundh~~ ~ ~1~ltI~lUl9lfJnlJl~ltI~~~~tl1191fJu~n~tlOJ~i1llJ~l9It1OJ~
tltlttl~~ ua~tlOJ~i~i1lJlh~1 ntl
ntl~l9InilJb tltle-lal9le-laeJIIbn 19Ii11n~19I1i1 bbli~nj htltl ~shy
ampilJlnilJJtl~OJ~b tltl~b t111i1il bOJn1l1VieJtltl~ltl1tlnalJn~II eJtl
bnl9lillnlJ01~1[J1 il1n-~tlm~ni ~u OJn eJIIll ultlh tlOJ~ eJlVi[J
illHltln ~tll1Jtl btltl ~1tl illHltln a lm~tllJ lnnil iI ~b tltlntl illHltln
tI ~ampilJ lmlJ ~m Hij1~~ hieJ1i1btIi [J Ubfi[J untltl ~ampilJ InlJ
tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
11~~ tIII OJn tI OJ~ ni ~m~ltill 19I ~111 hl1lU1tl~1tlVl5ni lJ eJtlbtltltlOJ~ltI~l~~IIb~OJ 200 tJriOJIIi1lltllilm01 ltJbl1OJ~I1~Jtl 111
ltill1~ UtI ~b VitUbbli~ UiVi Uilt lJli1tl thuiIiI UII1 1tl ~Hil~[Ji1 qq ~
i~b1JOJ~tlOJ~ltllJmY~u01~ltllJfJIiOJ~ blfiu~blIIl~ilu~llni~m~ II ~tII1~b Hll OJtlnUltlmHU~tlOJ~ni ~m~1 UilWfl~ b~ m tl1J[J Ubfi[J U
~ tim ~ tI OJ~m ~~ 1~ bmil1nU~ Itl ~l9Ini lJ ttl ~p tI OJ~ltllJmi~ bba ~ IiOJ~ blfibtll1i11~il tI~bVitUJtllluI1U111OJpoundil~1mil101~bbrii101tl~ tlOJ~illbtitlh ~ltli101tlnilJtlfl~tI~LflmOJ~ (Minor Art) tlOJ~itl
U l e-I01 ~~19I1tlm bbltll9l~ flflnii ~flllJiitnOJpoundil~lJl1ffil ii nll
illa OJ~u01o1flmil[JtlbbUUntli101tlttl~~JII Ultll9l~1libltlti~i1llJ i)[J lJ tllJ tl OJ UOJ poundi 1~ ~ ~~ll fl ~ urintl~II bbUUeJtlm [JnlJ btltlbbli bbYi
tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
i1 l ltlliln 101 UlJili1hi bri lUribl1ll OJtl n uti lampiffllt11911 tI OJ~ ~f1t11i1
bb01 tI OJ~ blJ1lt11tI bl9lbll [J r11911lJ tI b11 ffiltl fill e-I 011tl I11~~lMnl ltlnltwJi~ bampilJ tI OJ ~ 19Itll1l~ iltlti ~ UiI iIUII
Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
lh ~tl1if~UrhtfUti1itJltlU lh~tl1if~U1 iii fl tJ ~ ~au n1 ~itn a~ il ~ l~ fl~ ti fltJil~ ~ ~tilaltJ~~lilnl11~jatJ ~tJfl~tllUihU 1my tittJl1ll11tJ~U
a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
t tTl~ l~tJ ~ ~t M~Ur lill~ tIUtlll~UlhJ~tJitJUililU il~ ttUU fl~tlU l al1tiillaflUtJfl~tJ~iltta~tl1alilflfltJlilafllil~l
tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
t1l 1I ua~liULi1ill LL~fIl15ViaLmhiillii(lmjflll llillljauU~U il~JUbull Lfl~jatJ ~tJ fl~~U 5~ Inlilruanru~tJfl~lilU1i1liiLnflu 4000 tJ
tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
tJfl~tllllil~lUflflmUU~ 2 ~fl~illntJ~~Ll1AliULi1ill lil~~tlU ii l~tlU tllllil~lUliln~ ~iJlI~ tJ 1I 111fllrulLtJlilLLa~iT~
~UilUInaUlU tllliUlnUlULnliltJ fl~lilU ua ~tJ ~ ~nflU Ii~~nil L~ lJ1
tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
IUUlll~liIm Mitsunaga 1ij1il~mbVmlli~RlliiilIil1~~ltr1 12 IUU
tI~lJlill~li~IitJUll1~r1IltJn Makimono ii ~il~1iI1l1~ l~~~m~il
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1U ~tJ ii ~ij ~ ~tJ ~11alBUlUi iiatl~liillUU 1tllilllJ uUUtJil~ ltflltJ Fujiwara (~ltlh1Jn)
ara KAMAKURA (1185-1333)
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(Massive brackets) ~ltiUtJltJRl BUiiUiJeJnlJlilln~~~Iil~li
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llllrulU~~frU~IiI~llJ~~1Jn Fujiwara Takanobu (1140shy1204 AD) IUU1ijIil~mll1~IHjjilU~~~lmyr11iIr11itJUll1~ bHjjilUtJil~ Minamoto no Yoritomo
nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
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liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
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bull bullbull
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
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ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
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liUjj ijru~hm~iiImJ~~ ~ ~ ~ ai1~ tUltlril~JJ 10JJ1rllliiLui ~1U til ~ lall ~lULLnn ~lULfl~ltl~O ell LLaLfl~ltl~Lfl11ltlU alllULfJ~ltl~ Lfl11ltlU~~li~1tltil1U11i~L Yl~iiU uaell~ ~jjal1altl61~111thlU
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I1ifllJ lfildiuri1ll~L tilllli1mjlllllL~ fl~ l~j1Jll (B uddhist Cosmoshy
logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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huII~~n~~tn~i Ju lli1utl~uAolnml~II~~fl1~~unihtribull aunl~f1un~~~~flUflflnlJl
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r Qgt d III
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luuA n1~5utll1~luuuft~~~~IIfl~1rlU luluu ~~ 2325 1~n
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lhGi 311 m~31 1i11jjn1~~u ~IJ~~~Vjl1ti~t1 1l1n1l1~~1~1
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~ltf~fllla~njjoGl~fJ)U flallll~G1fl11l (HC)
~ltf~~b1lfJ~ (Shang) ltJ~1u~~fJ~n1l1t1~lllru 1523-1027
~ltfJ~~iJ (Chou Western amp Eastern) 1027-771
alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
alYfJtJltJ~m~ifna~fl~llJ (Periods of the Warring States) 481-221
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jl1f1~jijilJ (Chin) 221-207
almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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illlt1njJow~L tilJbampitJ1rllJ
b~lJ IJjniLampitJ1 IflJ If1~1ilJ~~~lJ~1lJ il~rtlJ ~lJ~rl1111llJ (Tarim)
llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
tJil~ lIIlJbUlJhAqjlJ1IJ1ii1U jlWn1ltl lt111fiiill iJI1illlltl~~ 1VIqjil~~ri 1WllJ fj j jlJ IJltl ~~ltl1lnl jlJ tJil ~ If111ilJ biiil ~ illn If111ilJ1~ ~ lIIti~L~il~
~lJb VIllillJrlU If 11111~1UlIInVIlillf l1iJlJbampitJ lii~rlJ 1lJnlJ~mJ ~tI il~IilJ l1l~lJ Ii~Wll tJlJ11111VIqjbbltl ~ll mllJalAqjlJiltJnilfijjlJIf1~ biiil~ lln
11 -flfqjl tJil~1ilJ Iiilil11j ~lt5mtl11~fjjjlJ If1 ~~~VIltllmUlJ tJ il~lJ llln
middot~ 2 _ _
3 4
1 nlNnftlJ~yn f (CUcu1M Temple of Heaven) luniiln~ nlN ~ ~ d t gt_t t
n~JJuaV1NiUiiUJJ~U~JI~TI~IIlJUII1UflnU3 lI
2 illlJ11flml1rilUfulL~~tllllJl (Temple of Welcome of the New Year) hmt~i1n~~ bull 1
3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
11nril ~Jjj fTnti~LijutlflJJtJ 11nl1UU il1~ltniij~l1if (fIfJ nlfillmiddottN)nt1fl~ L1tJU 4 ~JIIfIj1t111JIIfIJ4nm11 06ijijLn~ljj 9 litH
mjnuH~mbll l1l91~~b~mnll w~JIIbihil~btlllmJ1 IIn ~~bJ1ublbull H1JOJi111 ~~ll flllJ hYqJbtilllampimnllui ml lnJOJ 1IInllilmJ ~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
i~iUJ tI OJ ~ tI tltll ~ ua ~byItll[J ttlltI~ eJtlb~lJ 1tI ffi fJlll1li lJ OJ poundh~~ ~ ~1~ltI~lUl9lfJnlJl~ltI~~~~tl1191fJu~n~tlOJ~i1llJ~l9It1OJ~
tltlttl~~ ua~tlOJ~i~i1lJlh~1 ntl
ntl~l9InilJb tltle-lal9le-laeJIIbn 19Ii11n~19I1i1 bbli~nj htltl ~shy
ampilJlnilJJtl~OJ~b tltl~b t111i1il bOJn1l1VieJtltl~ltl1tlnalJn~II eJtl
bnl9lillnlJ01~1[J1 il1n-~tlm~ni ~u OJn eJIIll ultlh tlOJ~ eJlVi[J
illHltln ~tll1Jtl btltl ~1tl illHltln a lm~tllJ lnnil iI ~b tltlntl illHltln
tI ~ampilJ lmlJ ~m Hij1~~ hieJ1i1btIi [J Ubfi[J untltl ~ampilJ InlJ
tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
11~~ tIII OJn tI OJ~ ni ~m~ltill 19I ~111 hl1lU1tl~1tlVl5ni lJ eJtlbtltltlOJ~ltI~l~~IIb~OJ 200 tJriOJIIi1lltllilm01 ltJbl1OJ~I1~Jtl 111
ltill1~ UtI ~b VitUbbli~ UiVi Uilt lJli1tl thuiIiI UII1 1tl ~Hil~[Ji1 qq ~
i~b1JOJ~tlOJ~ltllJmY~u01~ltllJfJIiOJ~ blfiu~blIIl~ilu~llni~m~ II ~tII1~b Hll OJtlnUltlmHU~tlOJ~ni ~m~1 UilWfl~ b~ m tl1J[J Ubfi[J U
~ tim ~ tI OJ~m ~~ 1~ bmil1nU~ Itl ~l9Ini lJ ttl ~p tI OJ~ltllJmi~ bba ~ IiOJ~ blfibtll1i11~il tI~bVitUJtllluI1U111OJpoundil~1mil101~bbrii101tl~ tlOJ~illbtitlh ~ltli101tlnilJtlfl~tI~LflmOJ~ (Minor Art) tlOJ~itl
U l e-I01 ~~19I1tlm bbltll9l~ flflnii ~flllJiitnOJpoundil~lJl1ffil ii nll
illa OJ~u01o1flmil[JtlbbUUntli101tlttl~~JII Ultll9l~1libltlti~i1llJ i)[J lJ tllJ tl OJ UOJ poundi 1~ ~ ~~ll fl ~ urintl~II bbUUeJtlm [JnlJ btltlbbli bbYi
tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
i1 l ltlliln 101 UlJili1hi bri lUribl1ll OJtl n uti lampiffllt11911 tI OJ~ ~f1t11i1
bb01 tI OJ~ blJ1lt11tI bl9lbll [J r11911lJ tI b11 ffiltl fill e-I 011tl I11~~lMnl ltlnltwJi~ bampilJ tI OJ ~ 19Itll1l~ iltlti ~ UiI iIUII
Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
lh ~tl1if~UrhtfUti1itJltlU lh~tl1if~U1 iii fl tJ ~ ~au n1 ~itn a~ il ~ l~ fl~ ti fltJil~ ~ ~tilaltJ~~lilnl11~jatJ ~tJfl~tllUihU 1my tittJl1ll11tJ~U
a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
t tTl~ l~tJ ~ ~t M~Ur lill~ tIUtlll~UlhJ~tJitJUililU il~ ttUU fl~tlU l al1tiillaflUtJfl~tJ~iltta~tl1alilflfltJlilafllil~l
tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
t1l 1I ua~liULi1ill LL~fIl15ViaLmhiillii(lmjflll llillljauU~U il~JUbull Lfl~jatJ ~tJ fl~~U 5~ Inlilruanru~tJfl~lilU1i1liiLnflu 4000 tJ
tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
tJfl~tllllil~lUflflmUU~ 2 ~fl~illntJ~~Ll1AliULi1ill lil~~tlU ii l~tlU tllllil~lUliln~ ~iJlI~ tJ 1I 111fllrulLtJlilLLa~iT~
~UilUInaUlU tllliUlnUlULnliltJ fl~lilU ua ~tJ ~ ~nflU Ii~~nil L~ lJ1
tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
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0
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~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
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To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
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b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
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l11111~ y akushiji Uli~ll~ll11LlJl1JUUtJeJ~qjiJll~mLI1 l111~ Kondo Toshodaiji iill~lfhlJllJuuifmU~Um~lJ
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ifluiiqjiJItiltlUJeJ m~l~ 1I1nll~llJ 1 ~UJeJ~hm11 (Heian)
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Daishi) 1J~~ilmu Shingon l~tl Kukai (Kobo Daishi) i~ Saicho
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iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
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ara KAMAKURA (1185-1333)
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~ ~~a~ rllr bull - --
~
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3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
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lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
1mj ~u fin 1~ ilJ Btl IJtIl ~~ru~6i tJ~~~B~iml ~ BUif1tl~ 1B~fi ilutin6i l~LL l4~n1~tij B~ 1yenlliQ ~ ~L UU~ ~tl ~L16i1fiL ti1ltiJ~LL l4~i111~ L~i BmiBU nu tJ~~~mm~~~ ~01-j1~~UlU01lltl Btl~~1 i~lliLUU
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Llt1U1~W ~ ~-wn~1 lULL~ ~LL ~ ~ru L~BU 111~ dinli~i111~ il~-wu finu
nutJ~~~~ln~~~ tJB~ttJ~ ~luijBtlBtl1~lnMl~bull
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liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
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2
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l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
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lliii1iiiauU1tII1tllIiiLLltlI1~fIf1 0 ~ ~ f11iJJ tUfllJJ i~o tI fI ~ yj 1 ~1Yl tl
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
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ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
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liUjj ijru~hm~iiImJ~~ ~ ~ ~ ai1~ tUltlril~JJ 10JJ1rllliiLui ~1U til ~ lall ~lULLnn ~lULfl~ltl~O ell LLaLfl~ltl~Lfl11ltlU alllULfJ~ltl~ Lfl11ltlU~~li~1tltil1U11i~L Yl~iiU uaell~ ~jjal1altl61~111thlU
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I1ifllJ lfildiuri1ll~L tilllli1mjlllllL~ fl~ l~j1Jll (B uddhist Cosmoshy
logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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luuA n1~5utll1~luuuft~~~~IIfl~1rlU luluu ~~ 2325 1~n
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
alYfJtJltJ~m~ifna~fl~llJ (Periods of the Warring States) 481-221
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jl1f1~jijilJ (Chin) 221-207
almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
~~n tJil~n1jualll~ililm UlJWbltljJo btilJ th~bI1ltTIilJ lJilml1mh~LI1ltT
~jU zi ~ lii~omllllllJ1WllJ fijjlJ tJ iHIilJlJ1lJU bUlJltT1II1j jjJob1iTJlJ
illlt1njJow~L tilJbampitJ1rllJ
b~lJ IJjniLampitJ1 IflJ If1~1ilJ~~~lJ~1lJ il~rtlJ ~lJ~rl1111llJ (Tarim)
llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
tJil~ lIIlJbUlJhAqjlJ1IJ1ii1U jlWn1ltl lt111fiiill iJI1illlltl~~ 1VIqjil~~ri 1WllJ fj j jlJ IJltl ~~ltl1lnl jlJ tJil ~ If111ilJ biiil ~ illn If111ilJ1~ ~ lIIti~L~il~
~lJb VIllillJrlU If 11111~1UlIInVIlillf l1iJlJbampitJ lii~rlJ 1lJnlJ~mJ ~tI il~IilJ l1l~lJ Ii~Wll tJlJ11111VIqjbbltl ~ll mllJalAqjlJiltJnilfijjlJIf1~ biiil~ lln
11 -flfqjl tJil~1ilJ Iiilil11j ~lt5mtl11~fjjjlJ If1 ~~~VIltllmUlJ tJ il~lJ llln
middot~ 2 _ _
3 4
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2 illlJ11flml1rilUfulL~~tllllJl (Temple of Welcome of the New Year) hmt~i1n~~ bull 1
3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
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Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
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a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
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tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
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tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
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Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
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1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
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lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
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Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
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(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
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a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
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btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
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0
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~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
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ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
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I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
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n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
i11au1ilu1l1lJutl~milUtJ~ b~~liiu lIa~~1lll1~rltf1 Ulii~ ltIt
ilm1tfll1~ tJ fl~ qj iJu~~~ ~u tu1u ltf aartJ tJ fl~~ lI1~1 iji1 Sui~o (593-628) W~~U1~ Suiko ~fluii1u1Jl11~m~bjjfl~111bbrib-i1tf1tJ
Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
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~1U11j~mtl1njjtl311flUtJfl~fl~Iili1~jj~~12 UOl~ 13 fl1il
b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
Renaissance hi 111t11IiiElniIlOltJfl~iiju miJ~tlmjtltJfl~tUiJu hib~tltiuflth~il~~lij~lufl~Iili1mjw~7 1uu fli1 624 1Iiib1i~ ~Uiin0l1~i11u1tiuii~ 4 4 6 bb11~ lV11jl1~ tiu UUflOlfl~j1nli ~ bUUriljUOl ~b1jjlj1U1Ujfl~ojU
ITo NARA (710-785)
U1j1bUUbjj fl ~~U iin0l1~I11 ~i11U1 bbOl ~n1jbjj fl ~ tJ fl~tU iJu
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l1lbfhuri~l~ 1ulOln 1Uj~tI ~b~tlbbjn ilOluuiijutlTyhnu1utUiJu
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jj311Iljdllii~1 2 tJ1~ Ilj~Vjl1li311 Yakushi (~in~1flUVln1j)
~fl~l~~u~11~~nvr (Peonies) ~flun (CanaJy) 16lviljj~~ Hokosai flUUqiljU
tJnv1V fi n1OilU~U ~ nttnltiui1ufl1ril1lI IIrUftiluqjlju i1U~U1 1lt~01~ luuuu
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tll1qjiJlifmiddoth~nlIJ~~~lJlm~lJliiltlYIeJ~hl~ VII 11 In
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rh~l111qjiJI al1~l1i~~m~lJ~l1 Ltil ~t1tJeJ~ Sri Devi (Kichijoten)
l11111~ y akushiji Uli~ll~ll11LlJl1JUUtJeJ~qjiJll~mLI1 l111~ Kondo Toshodaiji iill~lfhlJllJuuifmU~Um~lJ
ellifltl ~llJ tJ eJ ~qj ijl~ La tl ILLUUifm U~ Um ~lJ tJ eJ~ il ifltl ~1 til ~ ~ Tang
ifliu JOGAN (794-890)
ifluiiqjiJItiltlUJeJ m~l~ 1I1nll~llJ 1 ~UJeJ~hm11 (Heian)
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Daishi) 1J~~ilmu Shingon l~tl Kukai (Kobo Daishi) i~ Saicho
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llUlUltlllll logan dillLVIjjeJUllU
iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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Fujiwara ~~~l~I1-i~VIQ~ iileJiflltll Howodo lU1V11j Byodoin
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Kose no Kanaoka (900 AD) Ultl~l~jtllll VIltllUtfllltJeJ~LtJl
ldiLilllUm~il1~lJj~ihlUjj~eJilYamato-E Toba Soja (1053shy
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3 LU~nm~Lil~ ~jjfl~1m1O tIi~q~ ~N~~~O Lu~nri01Jri1
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lu Wil 1893 W~~~1~11iU~LLl4~~~B~1~01-j1~LijB~yenl6i1~
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liutilll i ~ LUU~ ~ il1LUUBtl1~~ ~fi~B~01-j 1~ l tJUtl O1muil1U1U
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l1Jftntml i111ut1J1n ~floT1J7 bull rLntltJ~U (A)
bull bullbull
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
11lao Lfllltl~UUltllrtliljj~LltlOi~ii Lm11ULtim al~fifjjal1altl
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ltlUlU 11 tlO iiJJ1l1 fl LllU ltl LLa lt11tII1tlliU~ ltlJJ ~ltllU Lif1ltlri Iii tl flU llUth11LnI1UUU (Designs) ltlmUI1r10iiJJ-)ULtJUtJmL~U~l~I
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liUjj ijru~hm~iiImJ~~ ~ ~ ~ ai1~ tUltlril~JJ 10JJ1rllliiLui ~1U til ~ lall ~lULLnn ~lULfl~ltl~O ell LLaLfl~ltl~Lfl11ltlU alllULfJ~ltl~ Lfl11ltlU~~li~1tltil1U11i~L Yl~iiU uaell~ ~jjal1altl61~111thlU
thLYl~BULiiitlliU h~lYlmtJU~ltlltlOU UUal1alri (Designs) ua
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h iiill1 fliill UUU flth~~j VP1ti~t1 tJ fl~ fltl tilllt1llL~lJ illmflJmil1fl~ I1ifllJlj~ldiu Bl1ii~ilillnLLu U~j~l1tijtltJfl~allll
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LLUu~~~a~LtJlltJfl~~l~i1ltilJ ul1~a1tJl11l lll~l1fj~mjw~ 19bull I
I1ifllJ lfildiuri1ll~L tilllli1mjlllllL~ fl~ l~j1Jll (B uddhist Cosmoshy
logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
nll~~jflijlJ~1~11~ (Murals) eillLrilUri~l~t1llfl~lIInj
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huII~~n~~tn~i Ju lli1utl~uAolnml~II~~fl1~~unihtribull aunl~f1un~~~~flUflflnlJl
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r Qgt d III
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~iJthff3rfrrIi1U Inituni ~tl1illilunnJ ujflm~~flu5ulfi~uriflllJVlul~t~U~lU
luuA n1~5utll1~luuuft~~~~IIfl~1rlU luluu ~~ 2325 1~n
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lhGi 311 m~31 1i11jjn1~~u ~IJ~~~Vjl1ti~t1 1l1n1l1~~1~1
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~ltf~fllla~njjoGl~fJ)U flallll~G1fl11l (HC)
~ltf~~b1lfJ~ (Shang) ltJ~1u~~fJ~n1l1t1~lllru 1523-1027
~ltfJ~~iJ (Chou Western amp Eastern) 1027-771
alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
alYfJtJltJ~m~ifna~fl~llJ (Periods of the Warring States) 481-221
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jl1f1~jijilJ (Chin) 221-207
almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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illlt1njJow~L tilJbampitJ1rllJ
b~lJ IJjniLampitJ1 IflJ If1~1ilJ~~~lJ~1lJ il~rtlJ ~lJ~rl1111llJ (Tarim)
llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
tJil~ lIIlJbUlJhAqjlJ1IJ1ii1U jlWn1ltl lt111fiiill iJI1illlltl~~ 1VIqjil~~ri 1WllJ fj j jlJ IJltl ~~ltl1lnl jlJ tJil ~ If111ilJ biiil ~ illn If111ilJ1~ ~ lIIti~L~il~
~lJb VIllillJrlU If 11111~1UlIInVIlillf l1iJlJbampitJ lii~rlJ 1lJnlJ~mJ ~tI il~IilJ l1l~lJ Ii~Wll tJlJ11111VIqjbbltl ~ll mllJalAqjlJiltJnilfijjlJIf1~ biiil~ lln
11 -flfqjl tJil~1ilJ Iiilil11j ~lt5mtl11~fjjjlJ If1 ~~~VIltllmUlJ tJ il~lJ llln
middot~ 2 _ _
3 4
1 nlNnftlJ~yn f (CUcu1M Temple of Heaven) luniiln~ nlN ~ ~ d t gt_t t
n~JJuaV1NiUiiUJJ~U~JI~TI~IIlJUII1UflnU3 lI
2 illlJ11flml1rilUfulL~~tllllJl (Temple of Welcome of the New Year) hmt~i1n~~ bull 1
3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
11nril ~Jjj fTnti~LijutlflJJtJ 11nl1UU il1~ltniij~l1if (fIfJ nlfillmiddottN)nt1fl~ L1tJU 4 ~JIIfIj1t111JIIfIJ4nm11 06ijijLn~ljj 9 litH
mjnuH~mbll l1l91~~b~mnll w~JIIbihil~btlllmJ1 IIn ~~bJ1ublbull H1JOJi111 ~~ll flllJ hYqJbtilllampimnllui ml lnJOJ 1IInllilmJ ~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
i~iUJ tI OJ ~ tI tltll ~ ua ~byItll[J ttlltI~ eJtlb~lJ 1tI ffi fJlll1li lJ OJ poundh~~ ~ ~1~ltI~lUl9lfJnlJl~ltI~~~~tl1191fJu~n~tlOJ~i1llJ~l9It1OJ~
tltlttl~~ ua~tlOJ~i~i1lJlh~1 ntl
ntl~l9InilJb tltle-lal9le-laeJIIbn 19Ii11n~19I1i1 bbli~nj htltl ~shy
ampilJlnilJJtl~OJ~b tltl~b t111i1il bOJn1l1VieJtltl~ltl1tlnalJn~II eJtl
bnl9lillnlJ01~1[J1 il1n-~tlm~ni ~u OJn eJIIll ultlh tlOJ~ eJlVi[J
illHltln ~tll1Jtl btltl ~1tl illHltln a lm~tllJ lnnil iI ~b tltlntl illHltln
tI ~ampilJ lmlJ ~m Hij1~~ hieJ1i1btIi [J Ubfi[J untltl ~ampilJ InlJ
tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
11~~ tIII OJn tI OJ~ ni ~m~ltill 19I ~111 hl1lU1tl~1tlVl5ni lJ eJtlbtltltlOJ~ltI~l~~IIb~OJ 200 tJriOJIIi1lltllilm01 ltJbl1OJ~I1~Jtl 111
ltill1~ UtI ~b VitUbbli~ UiVi Uilt lJli1tl thuiIiI UII1 1tl ~Hil~[Ji1 qq ~
i~b1JOJ~tlOJ~ltllJmY~u01~ltllJfJIiOJ~ blfiu~blIIl~ilu~llni~m~ II ~tII1~b Hll OJtlnUltlmHU~tlOJ~ni ~m~1 UilWfl~ b~ m tl1J[J Ubfi[J U
~ tim ~ tI OJ~m ~~ 1~ bmil1nU~ Itl ~l9Ini lJ ttl ~p tI OJ~ltllJmi~ bba ~ IiOJ~ blfibtll1i11~il tI~bVitUJtllluI1U111OJpoundil~1mil101~bbrii101tl~ tlOJ~illbtitlh ~ltli101tlnilJtlfl~tI~LflmOJ~ (Minor Art) tlOJ~itl
U l e-I01 ~~19I1tlm bbltll9l~ flflnii ~flllJiitnOJpoundil~lJl1ffil ii nll
illa OJ~u01o1flmil[JtlbbUUntli101tlttl~~JII Ultll9l~1libltlti~i1llJ i)[J lJ tllJ tl OJ UOJ poundi 1~ ~ ~~ll fl ~ urintl~II bbUUeJtlm [JnlJ btltlbbli bbYi
tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
i1 l ltlliln 101 UlJili1hi bri lUribl1ll OJtl n uti lampiffllt11911 tI OJ~ ~f1t11i1
bb01 tI OJ~ blJ1lt11tI bl9lbll [J r11911lJ tI b11 ffiltl fill e-I 011tl I11~~lMnl ltlnltwJi~ bampilJ tI OJ ~ 19Itll1l~ iltlti ~ UiI iIUII
Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
lh ~tl1if~UrhtfUti1itJltlU lh~tl1if~U1 iii fl tJ ~ ~au n1 ~itn a~ il ~ l~ fl~ ti fltJil~ ~ ~tilaltJ~~lilnl11~jatJ ~tJfl~tllUihU 1my tittJl1ll11tJ~U
a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
t tTl~ l~tJ ~ ~t M~Ur lill~ tIUtlll~UlhJ~tJitJUililU il~ ttUU fl~tlU l al1tiillaflUtJfl~tJ~iltta~tl1alilflfltJlilafllil~l
tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
t1l 1I ua~liULi1ill LL~fIl15ViaLmhiillii(lmjflll llillljauU~U il~JUbull Lfl~jatJ ~tJ fl~~U 5~ Inlilruanru~tJfl~lilU1i1liiLnflu 4000 tJ
tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
tJfl~tllllil~lUflflmUU~ 2 ~fl~illntJ~~Ll1AliULi1ill lil~~tlU ii l~tlU tllllil~lUliln~ ~iJlI~ tJ 1I 111fllrulLtJlilLLa~iT~
~UilUInaUlU tllliUlnUlULnliltJ fl~lilU ua ~tJ ~ ~nflU Ii~~nil L~ lJ1
tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
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0
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~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
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To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
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b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
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l11111~ y akushiji Uli~ll~ll11LlJl1JUUtJeJ~qjiJll~mLI1 l111~ Kondo Toshodaiji iill~lfhlJllJuuifmU~Um~lJ
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ifluiiqjiJItiltlUJeJ m~l~ 1I1nll~llJ 1 ~UJeJ~hm11 (Heian)
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Daishi) 1J~~ilmu Shingon l~tl Kukai (Kobo Daishi) i~ Saicho
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iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
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ara KAMAKURA (1185-1333)
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logy) Ii ~L tJllmjLLa~~flflnm~jil t1flth~alll~~ 1t1tJfl~t1jL11~ ~~HilllllII t1jL11~~1ll flflnii ~ldiuBl1ii~ilillniillL~ll (Farther
India)
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
alYfJtJltJ~m~ifna~fl~llJ (Periods of the Warring States) 481-221
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almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
UI1~1 bri ilmi11ti~ ~nJ ~1II ~1lJ ililn ti mJl~ihh~b I1ltT~lJ 111111~11lJ
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3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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mjnuH~mbll l1l91~~b~mnll w~JIIbihil~btlllmJ1 IIn ~~bJ1ublbull H1JOJi111 ~~ll flllJ hYqJbtilllampimnllui ml lnJOJ 1IInllilmJ ~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
i~iUJ tI OJ ~ tI tltll ~ ua ~byItll[J ttlltI~ eJtlb~lJ 1tI ffi fJlll1li lJ OJ poundh~~ ~ ~1~ltI~lUl9lfJnlJl~ltI~~~~tl1191fJu~n~tlOJ~i1llJ~l9It1OJ~
tltlttl~~ ua~tlOJ~i~i1lJlh~1 ntl
ntl~l9InilJb tltle-lal9le-laeJIIbn 19Ii11n~19I1i1 bbli~nj htltl ~shy
ampilJlnilJJtl~OJ~b tltl~b t111i1il bOJn1l1VieJtltl~ltl1tlnalJn~II eJtl
bnl9lillnlJ01~1[J1 il1n-~tlm~ni ~u OJn eJIIll ultlh tlOJ~ eJlVi[J
illHltln ~tll1Jtl btltl ~1tl illHltln a lm~tllJ lnnil iI ~b tltlntl illHltln
tI ~ampilJ lmlJ ~m Hij1~~ hieJ1i1btIi [J Ubfi[J untltl ~ampilJ InlJ
tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
11~~ tIII OJn tI OJ~ ni ~m~ltill 19I ~111 hl1lU1tl~1tlVl5ni lJ eJtlbtltltlOJ~ltI~l~~IIb~OJ 200 tJriOJIIi1lltllilm01 ltJbl1OJ~I1~Jtl 111
ltill1~ UtI ~b VitUbbli~ UiVi Uilt lJli1tl thuiIiI UII1 1tl ~Hil~[Ji1 qq ~
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~ tim ~ tI OJ~m ~~ 1~ bmil1nU~ Itl ~l9Ini lJ ttl ~p tI OJ~ltllJmi~ bba ~ IiOJ~ blfibtll1i11~il tI~bVitUJtllluI1U111OJpoundil~1mil101~bbrii101tl~ tlOJ~illbtitlh ~ltli101tlnilJtlfl~tI~LflmOJ~ (Minor Art) tlOJ~itl
U l e-I01 ~~19I1tlm bbltll9l~ flflnii ~flllJiitnOJpoundil~lJl1ffil ii nll
illa OJ~u01o1flmil[JtlbbUUntli101tlttl~~JII Ultll9l~1libltlti~i1llJ i)[J lJ tllJ tl OJ UOJ poundi 1~ ~ ~~ll fl ~ urintl~II bbUUeJtlm [JnlJ btltlbbli bbYi
tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
i1 l ltlliln 101 UlJili1hi bri lUribl1ll OJtl n uti lampiffllt11911 tI OJ~ ~f1t11i1
bb01 tI OJ~ blJ1lt11tI bl9lbll [J r11911lJ tI b11 ffiltl fill e-I 011tl I11~~lMnl ltlnltwJi~ bampilJ tI OJ ~ 19Itll1l~ iltlti ~ UiI iIUII
Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
lh ~tl1if~UrhtfUti1itJltlU lh~tl1if~U1 iii fl tJ ~ ~au n1 ~itn a~ il ~ l~ fl~ ti fltJil~ ~ ~tilaltJ~~lilnl11~jatJ ~tJfl~tllUihU 1my tittJl1ll11tJ~U
a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
t tTl~ l~tJ ~ ~t M~Ur lill~ tIUtlll~UlhJ~tJitJUililU il~ ttUU fl~tlU l al1tiillaflUtJfl~tJ~iltta~tl1alilflfltJlilafllil~l
tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
t1l 1I ua~liULi1ill LL~fIl15ViaLmhiillii(lmjflll llillljauU~U il~JUbull Lfl~jatJ ~tJ fl~~U 5~ Inlilruanru~tJfl~lilU1i1liiLnflu 4000 tJ
tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
tJfl~tllllil~lUflflmUU~ 2 ~fl~illntJ~~Ll1AliULi1ill lil~~tlU ii l~tlU tllllil~lUliln~ ~iJlI~ tJ 1I 111fllrulLtJlilLLa~iT~
~UilUInaUlU tllliUlnUlULnliltJ fl~lilU ua ~tJ ~ ~nflU Ii~~nil L~ lJ1
tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
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iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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Kose no Kanaoka (900 AD) Ultl~l~jtllll VIltllUtfllltJeJ~LtJl
ldiLilllUm~il1~lJj~ihlUjj~eJilYamato-E Toba Soja (1053shy
1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
IUUlll~liIm Mitsunaga 1ij1il~mbVmlli~RlliiilIil1~~ltr1 12 IUU
tI~lJlill~li~IitJUll1~r1IltJn Makimono ii ~il~1iI1l1~ l~~~m~il
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1U ~tJ ii ~ij ~ ~tJ ~11alBUlUi iiatl~liillUU 1tllilllJ uUUtJil~ ltflltJ Fujiwara (~ltlh1Jn)
ara KAMAKURA (1185-1333)
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(Massive brackets) ~ltiUtJltJRl BUiiUiJeJnlJlilln~~~Iil~li
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bull bull OJ~ bull II
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
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almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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bull bull
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a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
t tTl~ l~tJ ~ ~t M~Ur lill~ tIUtlll~UlhJ~tJitJUililU il~ ttUU fl~tlU l al1tiillaflUtJfl~tJ~iltta~tl1alilflfltJlilafllil~l
tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
t1l 1I ua~liULi1ill LL~fIl15ViaLmhiillii(lmjflll llillljauU~U il~JUbull Lfl~jatJ ~tJ fl~~U 5~ Inlilruanru~tJfl~lilU1i1liiLnflu 4000 tJ
tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
tJfl~tllllil~lUflflmUU~ 2 ~fl~illntJ~~Ll1AliULi1ill lil~~tlU ii l~tlU tllllil~lUliln~ ~iJlI~ tJ 1I 111fllrulLtJlilLLa~iT~
~UilUInaUlU tllliUlnUlULnliltJ fl~lilU ua ~tJ ~ ~nflU Ii~~nil L~ lJ1
tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
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iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
IUUlll~liIm Mitsunaga 1ij1il~mbVmlli~RlliiilIil1~~ltr1 12 IUU
tI~lJlill~li~IitJUll1~r1IltJn Makimono ii ~il~1iI1l1~ l~~~m~il
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1U ~tJ ii ~ij ~ ~tJ ~11alBUlUi iiatl~liillUU 1tllilllJ uUUtJil~ ltflltJ Fujiwara (~ltlh1Jn)
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(Massive brackets) ~ltiUtJltJRl BUiiUiJeJnlJlilln~~~Iil~li
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tI~ ~ilJ lmr1~~ 1V1qj Bn~Hii~ii il Jokei ~iiilHlt1n lUBUtJnlJ ~1tJ1iiliH Sho Kannon lU Kuramadera r1 Kyoto nU1ijIil~m~lJ ~ ~ ~Vj YIlJl UlilllJ uu UU~ ~I~ iUUil~l UIYI11i11U1~fll~l~ 1 ii ~ ojU
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nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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(1290-1330 AD)
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1 J ~~l~ (j](j]~~(j]l~fllflU (Kilns) tJll ru IJJfl~ Seto
ilJJflilull (Modern Time) bull 1334-1573 AD11l1Jj1rf1J1f Ashikaga
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fl11lJ iii IiIb till ihfl ~ btJll a~ fl IiIfl61fl~ tiU l (j]lJ fl ~ tJ fl~W 1nIl13j1j
(Samurai) 1i ~b Ullfl-lljtfllUnfljfl~ fll ~ ~ 1IInll i 1iIjnj jlJ LlU U flti 1~ il U ~fl ti 1~ bbtfill ~ IiIllJ
lij jlJ fl~ l~b tl1UfIll ilbbU U flti 1 ~ il U ~liIllJ Uj ~b W ru bbl ~bb U U
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Densu 1 352-1431 AD) ii ~b tifllJ111W1Ulll~fl~ampilil~fltillii~ 50
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(1483 AD) LUlJII (I ~m~L ~ tJlJ1l1Wjj i111lJ oj en I111lJni 1
Shubun li1lJ~iiL~ tJlJ ~tlol~~ ~1lf lJfl~ilmm If lJI1ltlltJlhlJ Sesshu
(1420-1506 AD) LUlJII(I~m~L~tJlJ1l1WlflJUl1~jj ~mi1tJ~ III _ l 0
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
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jl1f1~jijilJ (Chin) 221-207
almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
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3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
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tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
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bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
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chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
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m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
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bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
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1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
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ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
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lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
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1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
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2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
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~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
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t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
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mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
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almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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bull bull
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a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
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(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
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chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
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m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
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5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
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1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
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b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
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bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
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rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
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ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
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lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
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lllii~Gitl1 uii
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lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
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blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
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1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
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t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
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238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
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mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
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Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
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a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
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il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
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0
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~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
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(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
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1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
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111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
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ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
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fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
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iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
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gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
i11au1ilu1l1lJutl~milUtJ~ b~~liiu lIa~~1lll1~rltf1 Ulii~ ltIt
ilm1tfll1~ tJ fl~ qj iJu~~~ ~u tu1u ltf aartJ tJ fl~~ lI1~1 iji1 Sui~o (593-628) W~~U1~ Suiko ~fluii1u1Jl11~m~bjjfl~111bbrib-i1tf1tJ
Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
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- 0 Jn1 ~blI ~~I1l ltl u ~tJfl~I1llltJlI~ 1U1~
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~ fl tJ fl ~ il0lUUnOl th~ 11 j~mtl1mjtl bbOl ~l~tI bUIl1 ~nOl th~ ~ ~
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1l11l flu1ijj biUbbOl~ltiUOl~bBtI ~itIWU5nu nu11j~mtl1mjtltJ1t1
Vfnlii11U1~1t1 bbUU11 j~b IltU tJ fl~tUiJU Ii ~jjfl1t1 tlntl ~ ~tiu fl~l11 j~Vll1~fl~Iili1~jj~~ 7-8 bb~11 j~mtl1mtJ1tUiJujjfl1t1 1t11 jl1Un1 jbb~~flflnli ~fl1t1Fln fltj 1~il~~~1t1lijjtltJ 1m jj
~1U11j~mtl1njjtl311flUtJfl~fl~Iili1~jj~~12 UOl~ 13 fl1il
b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
Renaissance hi 111t11IiiElniIlOltJfl~iiju miJ~tlmjtltJfl~tUiJu hib~tltiuflth~il~~lij~lufl~Iili1mjw~7 1uu fli1 624 1Iiib1i~ ~Uiin0l1~i11u1tiuii~ 4 4 6 bb11~ lV11jl1~ tiu UUflOlfl~j1nli ~ bUUriljUOl ~b1jjlj1U1Ujfl~ojU
ITo NARA (710-785)
U1j1bUUbjj fl ~~U iin0l1~I11 ~i11U1 bbOl ~n1jbjj fl ~ tJ fl~tU iJu
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l1lbfhuri~l~ 1ulOln 1Uj~tI ~b~tlbbjn ilOluuiijutlTyhnu1utUiJu
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tJ fl~IltI Suiko Ii ~1Iiiojufl1t1UU~10l1ilil1nu uUIlj~IJJ~l~jiitJltl~ bn1V1~ nU11j~mtl1mjtltJltl~11j~mtl1m Kuratsukuri elu~~lV1qj iii flllj~Vjl1li311h~~elu~~ntl 11j~m~pu ltl~1 U1V11j Horyuji
jj311Iljdllii~1 2 tJ1~ Ilj~Vjl1li311 Yakushi (~in~1flUVln1j)
~fl~l~~u~11~~nvr (Peonies) ~flun (CanaJy) 16lviljj~~ Hokosai flUUqiljU
tJnv1V fi n1OilU~U ~ nttnltiui1ufl1ril1lI IIrUftiluqjlju i1U~U1 1lt~01~ luuuu
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tll1qjiJlifmiddoth~nlIJ~~~lJlm~lJliiltlYIeJ~hl~ VII 11 In
Lm~m~~l
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rh~l111qjiJI al1~l1i~~m~lJ~l1 Ltil ~t1tJeJ~ Sri Devi (Kichijoten)
l11111~ y akushiji Uli~ll~ll11LlJl1JUUtJeJ~qjiJll~mLI1 l111~ Kondo Toshodaiji iill~lfhlJllJuuifmU~Um~lJ
ellifltl ~llJ tJ eJ ~qj ijl~ La tl ILLUUifm U~ Um ~lJ tJ eJ~ il ifltl ~1 til ~ ~ Tang
ifliu JOGAN (794-890)
ifluiiqjiJItiltlUJeJ m~l~ 1I1nll~llJ 1 ~UJeJ~hm11 (Heian)
UII ~uliimljeJ~Liitll1~ (Kyoto) 1lifltliJlliiLn~iln1tl 1mjYl1~ VjYIlJillifll~I 2 ilmtl iieJ ilmu Tendai l~tl Saicho (Dengyo
Daishi) 1J~~ilmu Shingon l~tl Kukai (Kobo Daishi) i~ Saicho
LL~~ Kukai 11ii1t1t1~~L YIYfil LL~ ~lliill1i111lJl1~ 111liYI1~YflifllL tll
lJl11qjiJI Yflifll11l1il YflifllVjYIlJ olYI5Lli1 1J~~~YI5illl~ liI
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illa OJ~u01o1flmil[JtlbbUUntli101tlttl~~JII Ultll9l~1libltlti~i1llJ i)[J lJ tllJ tl OJ UOJ poundi 1~ ~ ~~ll fl ~ urintl~II bbUUeJtlm [JnlJ btltlbbli bbYi
tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
i1 l ltlliln 101 UlJili1hi bri lUribl1ll OJtl n uti lampiffllt11911 tI OJ~ ~f1t11i1
bb01 tI OJ~ blJ1lt11tI bl9lbll [J r11911lJ tI b11 ffiltl fill e-I 011tl I11~~lMnl ltlnltwJi~ bampilJ tI OJ ~ 19Itll1l~ iltlti ~ UiI iIUII
Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
lh ~tl1if~UrhtfUti1itJltlU lh~tl1if~U1 iii fl tJ ~ ~au n1 ~itn a~ il ~ l~ fl~ ti fltJil~ ~ ~tilaltJ~~lilnl11~jatJ ~tJfl~tllUihU 1my tittJl1ll11tJ~U
a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
t tTl~ l~tJ ~ ~t M~Ur lill~ tIUtlll~UlhJ~tJitJUililU il~ ttUU fl~tlU l al1tiillaflUtJfl~tJ~iltta~tl1alilflfltJlilafllil~l
tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
t1l 1I ua~liULi1ill LL~fIl15ViaLmhiillii(lmjflll llillljauU~U il~JUbull Lfl~jatJ ~tJ fl~~U 5~ Inlilruanru~tJfl~lilU1i1liiLnflu 4000 tJ
tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
tJfl~tllllil~lUflflmUU~ 2 ~fl~illntJ~~Ll1AliULi1ill lil~~tlU ii l~tlU tllllil~lUliln~ ~iJlI~ tJ 1I 111fllrulLtJlilLLa~iT~
~UilUInaUlU tllliUlnUlULnliltJ fl~lilU ua ~tJ ~ ~nflU Ii~~nil L~ lJ1
tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
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iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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ldiLilllUm~il1~lJj~ihlUjj~eJilYamato-E Toba Soja (1053shy
1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
IUUlll~liIm Mitsunaga 1ij1il~mbVmlli~RlliiilIil1~~ltr1 12 IUU
tI~lJlill~li~IitJUll1~r1IltJn Makimono ii ~il~1iI1l1~ l~~~m~il
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1U ~tJ ii ~ij ~ ~tJ ~11alBUlUi iiatl~liillUU 1tllilllJ uUUtJil~ ltflltJ Fujiwara (~ltlh1Jn)
ara KAMAKURA (1185-1333)
~ ltl1~iInIiIlliii~ IuU1Jm u uIi~lij il~ Kamakura IItJ~ tJU
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(Massive brackets) ~ltiUtJltJRl BUiiUiJeJnlJlilln~~~Iil~li
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tI~ ~ilJ lmr1~~ 1V1qj Bn~Hii~ii il Jokei ~iiilHlt1n lUBUtJnlJ ~1tJ1iiliH Sho Kannon lU Kuramadera r1 Kyoto nU1ijIil~m~lJ ~ ~ ~Vj YIlJl UlilllJ uu UU~ ~I~ iUUil~l UIYI11i11U1~fll~l~ 1 ii ~ ojU
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nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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(1290-1330 AD)
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1 J ~~l~ (j](j]~~(j]l~fllflU (Kilns) tJll ru IJJfl~ Seto
ilJJflilull (Modern Time) bull 1334-1573 AD11l1Jj1rf1J1f Ashikaga
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fl11lJ iii IiIb till ihfl ~ btJll a~ fl IiIfl61fl~ tiU l (j]lJ fl ~ tJ fl~W 1nIl13j1j
(Samurai) 1i ~b Ullfl-lljtfllUnfljfl~ fll ~ ~ 1IInll i 1iIjnj jlJ LlU U flti 1~ il U ~fl ti 1~ bbtfill ~ IiIllJ
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Densu 1 352-1431 AD) ii ~b tifllJ111W1Ulll~fl~ampilil~fltillii~ 50
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
(Periods of the Spring and Autumn Annals)
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almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
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tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
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Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
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3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
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tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
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(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
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m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
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5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
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1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
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b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
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ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
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lllii~Gitl1 uii
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lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
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~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
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1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
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ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
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238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
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mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
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a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
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lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
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0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
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(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
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~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
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1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
i11au1ilu1l1lJutl~milUtJ~ b~~liiu lIa~~1lll1~rltf1 Ulii~ ltIt
ilm1tfll1~ tJ fl~ qj iJu~~~ ~u tu1u ltf aartJ tJ fl~~ lI1~1 iji1 Sui~o (593-628) W~~U1~ Suiko ~fluii1u1Jl11~m~bjjfl~111bbrib-i1tf1tJ
Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
b~ 1fl1Jmhdflti1~n11~ lliii1 qjiJlI~afltJl1l1~ulIdi-lalJ~ ultl ~ili1llli~~~ tJfl~ ~lI~11 lIt)naartJ u11iri11lii1111I1tf1dqjiJlI~l1lb 1l1
- 0 Jn1 ~blI ~~I1l ltl u ~tJfl~I1llltJlI~ 1U1~
111ltJ if1lJJlI lJ ~ ~b lli1qjiJlI lJn~ ~ fl~ 111ltJ tfll tf1~Un ~ Uii ~ bJlI~111Ifti11~i-lalJ~ ~~dtifl~bJlI~~Ulii1 anllru~tJfl~i-lalJ~tifl~ blJ~tJlIl lJbuldul1i~aUtJ~ tJfl~~lJn~ ~ fl~lJ~ ~b11i1 bbl1i~J i~buldi-lalJ ~ liifl ~ blJ ~ tJlIl lJ bii fl~liidtJ n1~b lJ~ tJlIulJ~um tJ i11all1 ii ~ bii 111 tJlI I1imi1fl~r1l1UfltJ
~ fl tJ fl ~ il0lUUnOl th~ 11 j~mtl1mjtl bbOl ~l~tI bUIl1 ~nOl th~ ~ ~
~ ~ j n j jtl jj tl1ntl1 tIil 11hi fl 1il ll1t11 n oi 1111uli il1amphi~ VIti ~
1u~~jnjjtltiul0llh~ Tosa bbOl~ Kano jjfl1t1hiiqj~l~ lmnu~vHi1~l~tI bUIl1 ~tJ fl ~ ~ 111~~ jmjtl tJ fl ~ tU iJu iii fln1 jbii tI 11
1l11l flu1ijj biUbbOl~ltiUOl~bBtI ~itIWU5nu nu11j~mtl1mjtltJ1t1
Vfnlii11U1~1t1 bbUU11 j~b IltU tJ fl~tUiJU Ii ~jjfl1t1 tlntl ~ ~tiu fl~l11 j~Vll1~fl~Iili1~jj~~ 7-8 bb~11 j~mtl1mtJ1tUiJujjfl1t1 1t11 jl1Un1 jbb~~flflnli ~fl1t1Fln fltj 1~il~~~1t1lijjtltJ 1m jj
~1U11j~mtl1njjtl311flUtJfl~fl~Iili1~jj~~12 UOl~ 13 fl1il
b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
Renaissance hi 111t11IiiElniIlOltJfl~iiju miJ~tlmjtltJfl~tUiJu hib~tltiuflth~il~~lij~lufl~Iili1mjw~7 1uu fli1 624 1Iiib1i~ ~Uiin0l1~i11u1tiuii~ 4 4 6 bb11~ lV11jl1~ tiu UUflOlfl~j1nli ~ bUUriljUOl ~b1jjlj1U1Ujfl~ojU
ITo NARA (710-785)
U1j1bUUbjj fl ~~U iin0l1~I11 ~i11U1 bbOl ~n1jbjj fl ~ tJ fl~tU iJu
111 fl~ 1ili1~j j~~ 8 bUU~tJau~ ~ 1Vlqj tJ fl~ i0l 11 ~bbOl ~i11U1 l1i~~b itmnUl1 Tempyo 1Ubjjfl~U1j1jjuuu flth~miJ~omjlJ ~~jmjtl bbOl ~11j ~mtl1mjtl~bfhbbfi~l~tJ fl~tUiJU lV11j~l1~ liiol1liiifllV11j Horyuji l1~luu fli1 589 ~n1yj1V11lbl1oVl101u
U fli1 650 bbOl~l1~tiu1V1ti1ufl~Iili1~jj~~8 tiubUU1V11j
l1lbfhuri~l~ 1ulOln 1Uj~tI ~b~tlbbjn ilOluuiijutlTyhnu1utUiJu
bb~Il1O1u1ti thilOlUUtUiJu ~rhnu tJ fl~ ~Ubfl~ 311 fl~1i ii~jj fl1tJ bri1uriUOl ~ 0ntl~l ~tlUVlii~ iii fl 311Il j ~IJJ ~1~j ii (Mai treya)
tJ fl~IltI Suiko Ii ~1Iiiojufl1t1UU~10l1ilil1nu uUIlj~IJJ~l~jiitJltl~ bn1V1~ nU11j~mtl1mjtltJltl~11j~mtl1m Kuratsukuri elu~~lV1qj iii flllj~Vjl1li311h~~elu~~ntl 11j~m~pu ltl~1 U1V11j Horyuji
jj311Iljdllii~1 2 tJ1~ Ilj~Vjl1li311 Yakushi (~in~1flUVln1j)
~fl~l~~u~11~~nvr (Peonies) ~flun (CanaJy) 16lviljj~~ Hokosai flUUqiljU
tJnv1V fi n1OilU~U ~ nttnltiui1ufl1ril1lI IIrUftiluqjlju i1U~U1 1lt~01~ luuuu
ii~lj~t1Vi~~lVi5a~leJ~ 2 ih~ ihlJlnliil~t1m~lJtilL~YftJeJ~ifltl 11 ~1 till1i~lihtl
tll1qjiJlifmiddoth~nlIJ~~~lJlm~lJliiltlYIeJ~hl~ VII 11 In
Lm~m~~l
~11i ~~m ~ lJ tJ eJ~if1 tl 11 ~1 ~ 1~ tilIJif~~ 1ilLlll fi~ BYI5Vi ~ iil~ 11 ~tJ eJ ~ BlL~ U ii ~ tll11Il11 ~h 1liilj iil~ UI BlL~U ~1 ~i111liilJ1
rh~l111qjiJI al1~l1i~~m~lJ~l1 Ltil ~t1tJeJ~ Sri Devi (Kichijoten)
l11111~ y akushiji Uli~ll~ll11LlJl1JUUtJeJ~qjiJll~mLI1 l111~ Kondo Toshodaiji iill~lfhlJllJuuifmU~Um~lJ
ellifltl ~llJ tJ eJ ~qj ijl~ La tl ILLUUifm U~ Um ~lJ tJ eJ~ il ifltl ~1 til ~ ~ Tang
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Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
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Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
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amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
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5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
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l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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(1483 AD) LUlJII (I ~m~L ~ tJlJ1l1Wjj i111lJ oj en I111lJni 1
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1573-1603 AD fUitJ Tuyutomi
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jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
tJil~ lIIlJbUlJhAqjlJ1IJ1ii1U jlWn1ltl lt111fiiill iJI1illlltl~~ 1VIqjil~~ri 1WllJ fj j jlJ IJltl ~~ltl1lnl jlJ tJil ~ If111ilJ biiil ~ illn If111ilJ1~ ~ lIIti~L~il~
~lJb VIllillJrlU If 11111~1UlIInVIlillf l1iJlJbampitJ lii~rlJ 1lJnlJ~mJ ~tI il~IilJ l1l~lJ Ii~Wll tJlJ11111VIqjbbltl ~ll mllJalAqjlJiltJnilfijjlJIf1~ biiil~ lln
11 -flfqjl tJil~1ilJ Iiilil11j ~lt5mtl11~fjjjlJ If1 ~~~VIltllmUlJ tJ il~lJ llln
middot~ 2 _ _
3 4
1 nlNnftlJ~yn f (CUcu1M Temple of Heaven) luniiln~ nlN ~ ~ d t gt_t t
n~JJuaV1NiUiiUJJ~U~JI~TI~IIlJUII1UflnU3 lI
2 illlJ11flml1rilUfulL~~tllllJl (Temple of Welcome of the New Year) hmt~i1n~~ bull 1
3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
11nril ~Jjj fTnti~LijutlflJJtJ 11nl1UU il1~ltniij~l1if (fIfJ nlfillmiddottN)nt1fl~ L1tJU 4 ~JIIfIj1t111JIIfIJ4nm11 06ijijLn~ljj 9 litH
mjnuH~mbll l1l91~~b~mnll w~JIIbihil~btlllmJ1 IIn ~~bJ1ublbull H1JOJi111 ~~ll flllJ hYqJbtilllampimnllui ml lnJOJ 1IInllilmJ ~
~fJ bHlijii tllilli~b tIIItllampibbn~lilnllilatl~Ih ~Lfll11l1Vi Vi~ffl1 (Landscape) bba~~blb1JfJnnllil1l1Viii~ (Still life)
ntlila tI ~ tI OJ~iltlJIIni ~lil~tl1191[J tltl ttlYjl1fiu qJqJl bvi OJ
i~iUJ tI OJ ~ tI tltll ~ ua ~byItll[J ttlltI~ eJtlb~lJ 1tI ffi fJlll1li lJ OJ poundh~~ ~ ~1~ltI~lUl9lfJnlJl~ltI~~~~tl1191fJu~n~tlOJ~i1llJ~l9It1OJ~
tltlttl~~ ua~tlOJ~i~i1lJlh~1 ntl
ntl~l9InilJb tltle-lal9le-laeJIIbn 19Ii11n~19I1i1 bbli~nj htltl ~shy
ampilJlnilJJtl~OJ~b tltl~b t111i1il bOJn1l1VieJtltl~ltl1tlnalJn~II eJtl
bnl9lillnlJ01~1[J1 il1n-~tlm~ni ~u OJn eJIIll ultlh tlOJ~ eJlVi[J
illHltln ~tll1Jtl btltl ~1tl illHltln a lm~tllJ lnnil iI ~b tltlntl illHltln
tI ~ampilJ lmlJ ~m Hij1~~ hieJ1i1btIi [J Ubfi[J untltl ~ampilJ InlJ
tI OJ~itlnUti OJ~l9Idtll9ln lI1JOJtlOJ~lJtlbampifJ 1~
11~~ tIII OJn tI OJ~ ni ~m~ltill 19I ~111 hl1lU1tl~1tlVl5ni lJ eJtlbtltltlOJ~ltI~l~~IIb~OJ 200 tJriOJIIi1lltllilm01 ltJbl1OJ~I1~Jtl 111
ltill1~ UtI ~b VitUbbli~ UiVi Uilt lJli1tl thuiIiI UII1 1tl ~Hil~[Ji1 qq ~
i~b1JOJ~tlOJ~ltllJmY~u01~ltllJfJIiOJ~ blfiu~blIIl~ilu~llni~m~ II ~tII1~b Hll OJtlnUltlmHU~tlOJ~ni ~m~1 UilWfl~ b~ m tl1J[J Ubfi[J U
~ tim ~ tI OJ~m ~~ 1~ bmil1nU~ Itl ~l9Ini lJ ttl ~p tI OJ~ltllJmi~ bba ~ IiOJ~ blfibtll1i11~il tI~bVitUJtllluI1U111OJpoundil~1mil101~bbrii101tl~ tlOJ~illbtitlh ~ltli101tlnilJtlfl~tI~LflmOJ~ (Minor Art) tlOJ~itl
U l e-I01 ~~19I1tlm bbltll9l~ flflnii ~flllJiitnOJpoundil~lJl1ffil ii nll
illa OJ~u01o1flmil[JtlbbUUntli101tlttl~~JII Ultll9l~1libltlti~i1llJ i)[J lJ tllJ tl OJ UOJ poundi 1~ ~ ~~ll fl ~ urintl~II bbUUeJtlm [JnlJ btltlbbli bbYi
tI dampiffllt11911 tlOJ~iltl eJ1i1 ilUltll ~IIltll~ti~ 2000 tJriOJtl
i1 l ltlliln 101 UlJili1hi bri lUribl1ll OJtl n uti lampiffllt11911 tI OJ~ ~f1t11i1
bb01 tI OJ~ blJ1lt11tI bl9lbll [J r11911lJ tI b11 ffiltl fill e-I 011tl I11~~lMnl ltlnltwJi~ bampilJ tI OJ ~ 19Itll1l~ iltlti ~ UiI iIUII
Z- __ bull-shy
1 LUIULUU i J --- JJ (Yen-Cbou-Fu) LuUItlgt3fl1gt3 LU~9191lntiYI 14
2 LrlYliJn~gt3 Itlgt3ltLAimiddotn~ 14
3 LuvlU1Ungt3 Itlgt3fllJiiJl~~ 15
bull bull
lh ~tl1if~UrhtfUti1itJltlU lh~tl1if~U1 iii fl tJ ~ ~au n1 ~itn a~ il ~ l~ fl~ ti fltJil~ ~ ~tilaltJ~~lilnl11~jatJ ~tJfl~tllUihU 1my tittJl1ll11tJ~U
a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
ti~~~illllltJfl~tlll~U hUtJmmal~fl tUUal15 tltJnlltliil 14
(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
t tTl~ l~tJ ~ ~t M~Ur lill~ tIUtlll~UlhJ~tJitJUililU il~ ttUU fl~tlU l al1tiillaflUtJfl~tJ~iltta~tl1alilflfltJlilafllil~l
tJ~ ~tl1if~UlliilU lil15Vi aillnjatJ ~tJfl~tIUtllUi1lt511U ttJfl1
t1l 1I ua~liULi1ill LL~fIl15ViaLmhiillii(lmjflll llillljauU~U il~JUbull Lfl~jatJ ~tJ fl~~U 5~ Inlilruanru~tJfl~lilU1i1liiLnflu 4000 tJ
tJ ~ ~L l1ifiUlliijju l1U ll1lth~ll11~ liilU~l1IJUln 1~1111JU ti~ ~~
tJfl~tllllil~lUflflmUU~ 2 ~fl~illntJ~~Ll1AliULi1ill lil~~tlU ii l~tlU tllllil~lUliln~ ~iJlI~ tJ 1I 111fllrulLtJlilLLa~iT~
~UilUInaUlU tllliUlnUlULnliltJ fl~lilU ua ~tJ ~ ~nflU Ii~~nil L~ lJ1
tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
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0
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Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
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Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
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b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
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l11111~ y akushiji Uli~ll~ll11LlJl1JUUtJeJ~qjiJll~mLI1 l111~ Kondo Toshodaiji iill~lfhlJllJuuifmU~Um~lJ
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iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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ara KAMAKURA (1185-1333)
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alYfJtJltJ~middot1h~~fllaIil1uli~t1~1u1l~lultl~t1~1u1li~middot 722-4 81
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almllJ llliJlJIJjn (Fonner Han) 202-9 AD
almllJ 1IIillJVIlt1~ (Later Han) 25-220
fj~lVIml1f1~jij (The Six Dynasties) 220-589
(jl1f1~jijd 220-265 jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ~ 502-557)
jl1f1~jijlJ (Sui) 581-618
jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
fj~~1jl1f1~jij (Five Dynasties) 907-960
jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
jl1f1~jijbil~ (Ching) 1644-1912
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llJlJWI1ltlillJbiitJ ~ (Sin-Kiang Province) 111illlJfijjlJ mHlIIlJil~llJ
j~liiuVilJ 1V1~ (Neolithic culture) If l11ilJlJU1iilnllU1VI1UjjllUjjJo
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3 111111~LuruLJfl~ (Win~r Palace)ant~ifnn~ I1UfJnU~ LLft~tmrhLL~IIfl~
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bull bull
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a l15filaflU~ ~ till ~UJuii fl tta ~tJitJUitUUl1anl1l~1ij lilJU ~ G ~13 ilflillaflUtJfl~tJ~ll (551-479 BC) (DoctrIne of ConfucIUs)
tta~tJiml1al~fl (iflill~~~ 6 BC) jljlaflUtJfl~tJ~~JU tUU
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(Taoism) wrllVjl1tiiflaUl iflaUllian~ ua~illaiiliflaUl hi
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bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
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chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
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m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
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5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
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1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
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b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
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bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
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rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
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ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
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lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
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lllii~Gitl1 uii
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lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
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blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
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1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
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t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
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238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
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mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
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Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
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a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
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il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
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0
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~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
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(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
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1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
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111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
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ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
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fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
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iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
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gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
i11au1ilu1l1lJutl~milUtJ~ b~~liiu lIa~~1lll1~rltf1 Ulii~ ltIt
ilm1tfll1~ tJ fl~ qj iJu~~~ ~u tu1u ltf aartJ tJ fl~~ lI1~1 iji1 Sui~o (593-628) W~~U1~ Suiko ~fluii1u1Jl11~m~bjjfl~111bbrib-i1tf1tJ
Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
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- 0 Jn1 ~blI ~~I1l ltl u ~tJfl~I1llltJlI~ 1U1~
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~ fl tJ fl ~ il0lUUnOl th~ 11 j~mtl1mjtl bbOl ~l~tI bUIl1 ~nOl th~ ~ ~
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1l11l flu1ijj biUbbOl~ltiUOl~bBtI ~itIWU5nu nu11j~mtl1mjtltJ1t1
Vfnlii11U1~1t1 bbUU11 j~b IltU tJ fl~tUiJU Ii ~jjfl1t1 tlntl ~ ~tiu fl~l11 j~Vll1~fl~Iili1~jj~~ 7-8 bb~11 j~mtl1mtJ1tUiJujjfl1t1 1t11 jl1Un1 jbb~~flflnli ~fl1t1Fln fltj 1~il~~~1t1lijjtltJ 1m jj
~1U11j~mtl1njjtl311flUtJfl~fl~Iili1~jj~~12 UOl~ 13 fl1il
b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
Renaissance hi 111t11IiiElniIlOltJfl~iiju miJ~tlmjtltJfl~tUiJu hib~tltiuflth~il~~lij~lufl~Iili1mjw~7 1uu fli1 624 1Iiib1i~ ~Uiin0l1~i11u1tiuii~ 4 4 6 bb11~ lV11jl1~ tiu UUflOlfl~j1nli ~ bUUriljUOl ~b1jjlj1U1Ujfl~ojU
ITo NARA (710-785)
U1j1bUUbjj fl ~~U iin0l1~I11 ~i11U1 bbOl ~n1jbjj fl ~ tJ fl~tU iJu
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l1lbfhuri~l~ 1ulOln 1Uj~tI ~b~tlbbjn ilOluuiijutlTyhnu1utUiJu
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tJ fl~IltI Suiko Ii ~1Iiiojufl1t1UU~10l1ilil1nu uUIlj~IJJ~l~jiitJltl~ bn1V1~ nU11j~mtl1mjtltJltl~11j~mtl1m Kuratsukuri elu~~lV1qj iii flllj~Vjl1li311h~~elu~~ntl 11j~m~pu ltl~1 U1V11j Horyuji
jj311Iljdllii~1 2 tJ1~ Ilj~Vjl1li311 Yakushi (~in~1flUVln1j)
~fl~l~~u~11~~nvr (Peonies) ~flun (CanaJy) 16lviljj~~ Hokosai flUUqiljU
tJnv1V fi n1OilU~U ~ nttnltiui1ufl1ril1lI IIrUftiluqjlju i1U~U1 1lt~01~ luuuu
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tll1qjiJlifmiddoth~nlIJ~~~lJlm~lJliiltlYIeJ~hl~ VII 11 In
Lm~m~~l
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rh~l111qjiJI al1~l1i~~m~lJ~l1 Ltil ~t1tJeJ~ Sri Devi (Kichijoten)
l11111~ y akushiji Uli~ll~ll11LlJl1JUUtJeJ~qjiJll~mLI1 l111~ Kondo Toshodaiji iill~lfhlJllJuuifmU~Um~lJ
ellifltl ~llJ tJ eJ ~qj ijl~ La tl ILLUUifm U~ Um ~lJ tJ eJ~ il ifltl ~1 til ~ ~ Tang
ifliu JOGAN (794-890)
ifluiiqjiJItiltlUJeJ m~l~ 1I1nll~llJ 1 ~UJeJ~hm11 (Heian)
UII ~uliimljeJ~Liitll1~ (Kyoto) 1lifltliJlliiLn~iln1tl 1mjYl1~ VjYIlJillifll~I 2 ilmtl iieJ ilmu Tendai l~tl Saicho (Dengyo
Daishi) 1J~~ilmu Shingon l~tl Kukai (Kobo Daishi) i~ Saicho
LL~~ Kukai 11ii1t1t1~~L YIYfil LL~ ~lliill1i111lJl1~ 111liYI1~YflifllL tll
lJl11qjiJI Yflifll11l1il YflifllVjYIlJ olYI5Lli1 1J~~~YI5illl~ liI
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jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
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~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
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1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
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t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
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238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
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mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
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a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
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lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
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0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
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(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
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~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
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1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
i11au1ilu1l1lJutl~milUtJ~ b~~liiu lIa~~1lll1~rltf1 Ulii~ ltIt
ilm1tfll1~ tJ fl~ qj iJu~~~ ~u tu1u ltf aartJ tJ fl~~ lI1~1 iji1 Sui~o (593-628) W~~U1~ Suiko ~fluii1u1Jl11~m~bjjfl~111bbrib-i1tf1tJ
Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
b~ 1fl1Jmhdflti1~n11~ lliii1 qjiJlI~afltJl1l1~ulIdi-lalJ~ ultl ~ili1llli~~~ tJfl~ ~lI~11 lIt)naartJ u11iri11lii1111I1tf1dqjiJlI~l1lb 1l1
- 0 Jn1 ~blI ~~I1l ltl u ~tJfl~I1llltJlI~ 1U1~
111ltJ if1lJJlI lJ ~ ~b lli1qjiJlI lJn~ ~ fl~ 111ltJ tfll tf1~Un ~ Uii ~ bJlI~111Ifti11~i-lalJ~ ~~dtifl~bJlI~~Ulii1 anllru~tJfl~i-lalJ~tifl~ blJ~tJlIl lJbuldul1i~aUtJ~ tJfl~~lJn~ ~ fl~lJ~ ~b11i1 bbl1i~J i~buldi-lalJ ~ liifl ~ blJ ~ tJlIl lJ bii fl~liidtJ n1~b lJ~ tJlIulJ~um tJ i11all1 ii ~ bii 111 tJlI I1imi1fl~r1l1UfltJ
~ fl tJ fl ~ il0lUUnOl th~ 11 j~mtl1mjtl bbOl ~l~tI bUIl1 ~nOl th~ ~ ~
~ ~ j n j jtl jj tl1ntl1 tIil 11hi fl 1il ll1t11 n oi 1111uli il1amphi~ VIti ~
1u~~jnjjtltiul0llh~ Tosa bbOl~ Kano jjfl1t1hiiqj~l~ lmnu~vHi1~l~tI bUIl1 ~tJ fl ~ ~ 111~~ jmjtl tJ fl ~ tU iJu iii fln1 jbii tI 11
1l11l flu1ijj biUbbOl~ltiUOl~bBtI ~itIWU5nu nu11j~mtl1mjtltJ1t1
Vfnlii11U1~1t1 bbUU11 j~b IltU tJ fl~tUiJU Ii ~jjfl1t1 tlntl ~ ~tiu fl~l11 j~Vll1~fl~Iili1~jj~~ 7-8 bb~11 j~mtl1mtJ1tUiJujjfl1t1 1t11 jl1Un1 jbb~~flflnli ~fl1t1Fln fltj 1~il~~~1t1lijjtltJ 1m jj
~1U11j~mtl1njjtl311flUtJfl~fl~Iili1~jj~~12 UOl~ 13 fl1il
b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
Renaissance hi 111t11IiiElniIlOltJfl~iiju miJ~tlmjtltJfl~tUiJu hib~tltiuflth~il~~lij~lufl~Iili1mjw~7 1uu fli1 624 1Iiib1i~ ~Uiin0l1~i11u1tiuii~ 4 4 6 bb11~ lV11jl1~ tiu UUflOlfl~j1nli ~ bUUriljUOl ~b1jjlj1U1Ujfl~ojU
ITo NARA (710-785)
U1j1bUUbjj fl ~~U iin0l1~I11 ~i11U1 bbOl ~n1jbjj fl ~ tJ fl~tU iJu
111 fl~ 1ili1~j j~~ 8 bUU~tJau~ ~ 1Vlqj tJ fl~ i0l 11 ~bbOl ~i11U1 l1i~~b itmnUl1 Tempyo 1Ubjjfl~U1j1jjuuu flth~miJ~omjlJ ~~jmjtl bbOl ~11j ~mtl1mjtl~bfhbbfi~l~tJ fl~tUiJU lV11j~l1~ liiol1liiifllV11j Horyuji l1~luu fli1 589 ~n1yj1V11lbl1oVl101u
U fli1 650 bbOl~l1~tiu1V1ti1ufl~Iili1~jj~~8 tiubUU1V11j
l1lbfhuri~l~ 1ulOln 1Uj~tI ~b~tlbbjn ilOluuiijutlTyhnu1utUiJu
bb~Il1O1u1ti thilOlUUtUiJu ~rhnu tJ fl~ ~Ubfl~ 311 fl~1i ii~jj fl1tJ bri1uriUOl ~ 0ntl~l ~tlUVlii~ iii fl 311Il j ~IJJ ~1~j ii (Mai treya)
tJ fl~IltI Suiko Ii ~1Iiiojufl1t1UU~10l1ilil1nu uUIlj~IJJ~l~jiitJltl~ bn1V1~ nU11j~mtl1mjtltJltl~11j~mtl1m Kuratsukuri elu~~lV1qj iii flllj~Vjl1li311h~~elu~~ntl 11j~m~pu ltl~1 U1V11j Horyuji
jj311Iljdllii~1 2 tJ1~ Ilj~Vjl1li311 Yakushi (~in~1flUVln1j)
~fl~l~~u~11~~nvr (Peonies) ~flun (CanaJy) 16lviljj~~ Hokosai flUUqiljU
tJnv1V fi n1OilU~U ~ nttnltiui1ufl1ril1lI IIrUftiluqjlju i1U~U1 1lt~01~ luuuu
ii~lj~t1Vi~~lVi5a~leJ~ 2 ih~ ihlJlnliil~t1m~lJtilL~YftJeJ~ifltl 11 ~1 till1i~lihtl
tll1qjiJlifmiddoth~nlIJ~~~lJlm~lJliiltlYIeJ~hl~ VII 11 In
Lm~m~~l
~11i ~~m ~ lJ tJ eJ~if1 tl 11 ~1 ~ 1~ tilIJif~~ 1ilLlll fi~ BYI5Vi ~ iil~ 11 ~tJ eJ ~ BlL~ U ii ~ tll11Il11 ~h 1liilj iil~ UI BlL~U ~1 ~i111liilJ1
rh~l111qjiJI al1~l1i~~m~lJ~l1 Ltil ~t1tJeJ~ Sri Devi (Kichijoten)
l11111~ y akushiji Uli~ll~ll11LlJl1JUUtJeJ~qjiJll~mLI1 l111~ Kondo Toshodaiji iill~lfhlJllJuuifmU~Um~lJ
ellifltl ~llJ tJ eJ ~qj ijl~ La tl ILLUUifm U~ Um ~lJ tJ eJ~ il ifltl ~1 til ~ ~ Tang
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Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
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jl1f1~jijti~ (Tang) 618-906
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jl1f1~jijbVIiitJ1 (Liao) 907-1123
jl1f1~jijiil~ ll~bVIiiil (Northern Sung) 960-1126
jl1f1~jijSlJ (Chin) 1114-1234
jl1f1~jijiil~ l1~1ii (Southern Sung) 1127-1279
jl1f1~jijVIti1lJ (Yuan) 1271-1368
jl1f1~jijbVIll~ (Ming) 1369-1644
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~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
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ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
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238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
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mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
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Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
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a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
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0
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~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
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(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
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~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
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1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
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ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
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fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
i11au1ilu1l1lJutl~milUtJ~ b~~liiu lIa~~1lll1~rltf1 Ulii~ ltIt
ilm1tfll1~ tJ fl~ qj iJu~~~ ~u tu1u ltf aartJ tJ fl~~ lI1~1 iji1 Sui~o (593-628) W~~U1~ Suiko ~fluii1u1Jl11~m~bjjfl~111bbrib-i1tf1tJ
Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
b~ 1fl1Jmhdflti1~n11~ lliii1 qjiJlI~afltJl1l1~ulIdi-lalJ~ ultl ~ili1llli~~~ tJfl~ ~lI~11 lIt)naartJ u11iri11lii1111I1tf1dqjiJlI~l1lb 1l1
- 0 Jn1 ~blI ~~I1l ltl u ~tJfl~I1llltJlI~ 1U1~
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~ fl tJ fl ~ il0lUUnOl th~ 11 j~mtl1mjtl bbOl ~l~tI bUIl1 ~nOl th~ ~ ~
~ ~ j n j jtl jj tl1ntl1 tIil 11hi fl 1il ll1t11 n oi 1111uli il1amphi~ VIti ~
1u~~jnjjtltiul0llh~ Tosa bbOl~ Kano jjfl1t1hiiqj~l~ lmnu~vHi1~l~tI bUIl1 ~tJ fl ~ ~ 111~~ jmjtl tJ fl ~ tU iJu iii fln1 jbii tI 11
1l11l flu1ijj biUbbOl~ltiUOl~bBtI ~itIWU5nu nu11j~mtl1mjtltJ1t1
Vfnlii11U1~1t1 bbUU11 j~b IltU tJ fl~tUiJU Ii ~jjfl1t1 tlntl ~ ~tiu fl~l11 j~Vll1~fl~Iili1~jj~~ 7-8 bb~11 j~mtl1mtJ1tUiJujjfl1t1 1t11 jl1Un1 jbb~~flflnli ~fl1t1Fln fltj 1~il~~~1t1lijjtltJ 1m jj
~1U11j~mtl1njjtl311flUtJfl~fl~Iili1~jj~~12 UOl~ 13 fl1il
b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
Renaissance hi 111t11IiiElniIlOltJfl~iiju miJ~tlmjtltJfl~tUiJu hib~tltiuflth~il~~lij~lufl~Iili1mjw~7 1uu fli1 624 1Iiib1i~ ~Uiin0l1~i11u1tiuii~ 4 4 6 bb11~ lV11jl1~ tiu UUflOlfl~j1nli ~ bUUriljUOl ~b1jjlj1U1Ujfl~ojU
ITo NARA (710-785)
U1j1bUUbjj fl ~~U iin0l1~I11 ~i11U1 bbOl ~n1jbjj fl ~ tJ fl~tU iJu
111 fl~ 1ili1~j j~~ 8 bUU~tJau~ ~ 1Vlqj tJ fl~ i0l 11 ~bbOl ~i11U1 l1i~~b itmnUl1 Tempyo 1Ubjjfl~U1j1jjuuu flth~miJ~omjlJ ~~jmjtl bbOl ~11j ~mtl1mjtl~bfhbbfi~l~tJ fl~tUiJU lV11j~l1~ liiol1liiifllV11j Horyuji l1~luu fli1 589 ~n1yj1V11lbl1oVl101u
U fli1 650 bbOl~l1~tiu1V1ti1ufl~Iili1~jj~~8 tiubUU1V11j
l1lbfhuri~l~ 1ulOln 1Uj~tI ~b~tlbbjn ilOluuiijutlTyhnu1utUiJu
bb~Il1O1u1ti thilOlUUtUiJu ~rhnu tJ fl~ ~Ubfl~ 311 fl~1i ii~jj fl1tJ bri1uriUOl ~ 0ntl~l ~tlUVlii~ iii fl 311Il j ~IJJ ~1~j ii (Mai treya)
tJ fl~IltI Suiko Ii ~1Iiiojufl1t1UU~10l1ilil1nu uUIlj~IJJ~l~jiitJltl~ bn1V1~ nU11j~mtl1mjtltJltl~11j~mtl1m Kuratsukuri elu~~lV1qj iii flllj~Vjl1li311h~~elu~~ntl 11j~m~pu ltl~1 U1V11j Horyuji
jj311Iljdllii~1 2 tJ1~ Ilj~Vjl1li311 Yakushi (~in~1flUVln1j)
~fl~l~~u~11~~nvr (Peonies) ~flun (CanaJy) 16lviljj~~ Hokosai flUUqiljU
tJnv1V fi n1OilU~U ~ nttnltiui1ufl1ril1lI IIrUftiluqjlju i1U~U1 1lt~01~ luuuu
ii~lj~t1Vi~~lVi5a~leJ~ 2 ih~ ihlJlnliil~t1m~lJtilL~YftJeJ~ifltl 11 ~1 till1i~lihtl
tll1qjiJlifmiddoth~nlIJ~~~lJlm~lJliiltlYIeJ~hl~ VII 11 In
Lm~m~~l
~11i ~~m ~ lJ tJ eJ~if1 tl 11 ~1 ~ 1~ tilIJif~~ 1ilLlll fi~ BYI5Vi ~ iil~ 11 ~tJ eJ ~ BlL~ U ii ~ tll11Il11 ~h 1liilj iil~ UI BlL~U ~1 ~i111liilJ1
rh~l111qjiJI al1~l1i~~m~lJ~l1 Ltil ~t1tJeJ~ Sri Devi (Kichijoten)
l11111~ y akushiji Uli~ll~ll11LlJl1JUUtJeJ~qjiJll~mLI1 l111~ Kondo Toshodaiji iill~lfhlJllJuuifmU~Um~lJ
ellifltl ~llJ tJ eJ ~qj ijl~ La tl ILLUUifm U~ Um ~lJ tJ eJ~ il ifltl ~1 til ~ ~ Tang
ifliu JOGAN (794-890)
ifluiiqjiJItiltlUJeJ m~l~ 1I1nll~llJ 1 ~UJeJ~hm11 (Heian)
UII ~uliimljeJ~Liitll1~ (Kyoto) 1lifltliJlliiLn~iln1tl 1mjYl1~ VjYIlJillifll~I 2 ilmtl iieJ ilmu Tendai l~tl Saicho (Dengyo
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Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
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mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
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Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
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(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
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a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
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il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
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0
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~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
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I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
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lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
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Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
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b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
Renaissance hi 111t11IiiElniIlOltJfl~iiju miJ~tlmjtltJfl~tUiJu hib~tltiuflth~il~~lij~lufl~Iili1mjw~7 1uu fli1 624 1Iiib1i~ ~Uiin0l1~i11u1tiuii~ 4 4 6 bb11~ lV11jl1~ tiu UUflOlfl~j1nli ~ bUUriljUOl ~b1jjlj1U1Ujfl~ojU
ITo NARA (710-785)
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jj311Iljdllii~1 2 tJ1~ Ilj~Vjl1li311 Yakushi (~in~1flUVln1j)
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l11111~ y akushiji Uli~ll~ll11LlJl1JUUtJeJ~qjiJll~mLI1 l111~ Kondo Toshodaiji iill~lfhlJllJuuifmU~Um~lJ
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ifluiiqjiJItiltlUJeJ m~l~ 1I1nll~llJ 1 ~UJeJ~hm11 (Heian)
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Daishi) 1J~~ilmu Shingon l~tl Kukai (Kobo Daishi) i~ Saicho
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iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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bull bull bull
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m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
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bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
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1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
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ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
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nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
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tlU al15JuiiflU ~ ~Vi41 WLfll1illlt1~fl~~~~~U~ll1lflmhlii~lilU n1 ~ In ti ~ ~~ tllampimh~ ~ ~tJllil iilUll1hitill iUall~nU ja tJ ~L~ lJ1
tllJ1 ~ ~ruil i1i ifU~ 1hifl Eh~~I1l1il~ ~ rl lt1lU tlllli1~lUli1mLa ~ till liULi1itJJU LyJ~llilaU111 tJ fl~li1lJfl~llJ ~tJm~tJ fl~~~rl U~tlllilJjj 1ijlil~AlJtJ llJ~~L IJ ~iJIi1LLI4~1ijmllaf~l1all1 llJ~tJl1~~ tJfl~ti~~~ tllampi
Ylnmh~li1aflli1ilU~~~l~tl~lfl~l~tall rjjlll~ll1lULiitJlJ~~Ull1~ LtiUtllJ jatJ~tJfl~ilJjjanru~~1111 a~u al~lirl)tJutTlJ jjanru~
Vi 1 tJyj ~ UiIi1~fl tllJmiLa~fl ~ ~til1l1tnli1il rulll tJ fl~illl~ tJ ~ ~allJ na~n~U~Uurifl~~tJ~~nflunlVi
amuGllIm-Il (Architecture) tVi~1~111i1t)~1ti11Jn1~amiddoti1~ 111l~ua ~Vi ~ ~~l tll~ LtJUhiLLa ~L Vi ~l ~n1 ~itna~ il~l~lliiriflll1Lnli1
~~ (Pai-lu) tJr~qjvnf1~Wl11i oLilti ~ft1U fl ~~~tiU~l~rIJ TOIllIla
IIpoundl~poundiuLiiu LLh~~hlIiltJfhlll1tltl3nl1l~ tTgt1HIi1fln1tN1)JLLUJlj-J~U~r1~~UJ~
bull bull bull
m1JJY1U l~HlIti yenI1t1 1Uuri~ ~rifllf1l~ 1IJ j1n1~ lf11~~1t1 1Jj~~ bjij LH~ fl fltiUflml1nlfmJlt11~lfmJ (Tai) ii ~b UU Jfl~lf1l~ 1UmrtJj1tfl~jifif~ lUiShl~U1j1 (Nara) hbl1ilqjJUij~jbl~il Kundo Toshodaiji Ii~ bUUuIJ IJ flti 1~ fi ~J fl ~ lf(JlU 1ItI mjJJ BUl~ 11j Ifl ~ lf(l1U1ItIm jJJ lf~tI if~ 1IJ j1n1lf(l1UJ fl~ ~U~t1~~ ~lf1l1~fl ~l1Ub uUJ fl~ j1 tmjifbf ~ (Ching)
bblt1 j1tfl~jifb ml~ (Ming) Ii~t1~ijLH~flfl~mn tiflJJbuU~~bbIii11~j~lf11~ I fl~ fJ1~ 1jii ~ lf11 ~~1t1 1~ Jfl~ ~Ul~fl llij j tim ~b UUUnbbeJU flti1~bull tl fl ~11 lU1Inbblt1 ~J m ~Ub~tI 1~ ~11JJ lflt1 nJJJ fl~ lf(l1 U1ItI m jJJ
tl fl ~ ~ 11 tTU lJ ~ fl ~~ baU BU BflU H11U lilU a 11 BU tI jlf111n lt1 JJ n ~U rlU bblt1 h ~~I1ii eJ lt1 tl m111j ~lyen1lt1nBU~1InJJbblt1 lIyenIlt11t1l1 (Polyshy
chrome) BUlf(l1 U1ItI m jJJJ fl ~ ~Ul1Ub j1~1j~lln IJlbln1~rifllf1 1~ ll~ 1 b~j1 i1lf(l1t1U n l~~tJ1t1 1JJ1 if ijjjJJ tf1~1 ~b UU tI jlt1 tfl1
~ 11 1 ~tI j lf1U rlIJ1~ j~ lf11 ~J fl~ lf(l1 U1Itlni jJJ 111 jh~n flIJ I fl ~ ~lfJ1 ~ 1j1 ~ij ~11mlJJ~U ii rllJhult1 lt1JJl111 Ofl rlUi 1 bUU
m1JJil11~ll1tJ1mj~1Uyenlii~ b~tlni1 middotbvl~tI Feng-shui ~~fih
1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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(1483 AD) LUlJII (I ~m~L ~ tJlJ1l1Wjj i111lJ oj en I111lJni 1
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1573-1603 AD fUitJ Tuyutomi
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Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
Toshusai Sharaku -1825 AD
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lJIUfI
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11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
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bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
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thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
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Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
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b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
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i11au1ilu1l1lJutl~milUtJ~ b~~liiu lIa~~1lll1~rltf1 Ulii~ ltIt
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LlJlI~riilJi~ a1l1 Ganku Koma LlJlI~riuJi~ Kishi School illv v
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kawa Moronobu (1638-1714 AD) LtJlI~riuJi~~1l1fl1WWlJYl illJtl1VIlitJu~~lll
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Okumura Masanobu 1685-1764 AD
Lusuki Harunobu lh~1~~~lu~~wh~ 1725-1770 AD
Kitao Shigemasa 1739-1820 AD
Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
Toshusai Sharaku -1825 AD
Kitagawa Utamaro 1753-1805 AD
Katsushika Hokusai 1760-1849 AD
Hiroshige 1797-1858 AD
( UAllUSlU fUA) y~~lio~ 9 (rqVPS1lf8oUJV) ampV~Ilrt1BomiddotS
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12th AD
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1~lf~1t1Unij~1Utl1n1UBnfi~fln~Y1bil~j~ii~n1jl1~W~Jfl~ fJ1~lj mhl~ flif1bUU~j~j1tfl~Jfl~Ini~jj~ l~fln1~bbtllt1U
bbeJUW~1~ij9th~ hyenl1lJl~Jfl~blltf1t1ij 7 th~ ltf1yen11IJIjUU1~
5 til~ bblt1ltf1yen11IJ~~~bbrib~tIU 3 til~ lIJfl~nibiifl~bhfi rhyenlU1I1U1I1JJJ1U lIbyenl~fl~ltf1yen1-jIJlm~jj~ btim ~1~ ltf1yen11IJ
huyenIlj~ ~lni1 111t1ltttl1t1lf(l1U1ItI nijJJ tl fl~~UjhjUb~m bb~lt11~ ~~fiij yenlmtl tTU 1UnirubtiUiibb~lt1 tTUfiijyenllt1~~l ill1U~j bl~il Jv~ iUi~ijyenllt1~~ lIJntTU blf11~ij~lblf1 (Capital) blf1UvnfJ1~1j lijlhlbbtlU (I11t1) etlmlt1~11 f1t1~1~~UvvnJJ1 I11mmhii
bUU 61n~nIY1biljfJ v~ lfmU1Itlni jJJiU i)lt1t1~J v~qjJUl1Ub~tIU bbIJ IJ i)lt1 t1J v~ iU i~ij lt1n~nIb tiUb~mrlU
111t1ltttl1t1l1U 1yen11j bblt1~111milm~~fl~j j1tfl~l1UnUbii v~ nl1~JJ1n 61vJJ jvIJ liilt1 rl1bb~ ~ i~ijl11~b~Ub UU~v~~1I~vrl mh V1~1j~U1 ~fl~bmhii1lnbb~~liilt1mbiiV~b~~VIJ lt11~~~~j~
1 1 Twnulus lIfJ~tlll~)J)JllnTuranian origin (Elruscan)
2 ~e1~fI L~1Lh1tJ11 h~1 (Rock-cut tomb)
3 t1~lU)J~)Jli11~4ntl~ Yung Lo LL~li1NpfL ij~ nt~ifn~~ (Ming dynasty)
1425 AD (A) fl11 (B) ~nlJ~~~lJ1j(C) ~1~1 (D) A 3 i (E) ~a~ 4 t1tlUiinLL1J1J-1ti~JIfJ~~I
~ ltl1~ ah~tl~ UU 11 lU ~~ 111llii1lt1lflrlm uUu mJ u~lm~oli ~lj~ ltlmJ~tlU
~liIlmnl (Painting) iii(l~mJtl~~UJUbtll1lii~Ltln1l1~Jtl~ ~m11 aua ~i111lJalJ~U5tJ tl~ ti~~lJ 11 1~1Ii1~ 1 ~~nh iii (I~m 11 lW11(1
1Uiii(l1ltJtl~1Il1~UJUm~(IllJbtJ1 rltlUlJm Jl diUUf (ItlnUf i1U u~~ a(l1 lj i111lJ1lJlmVl fl ~$ UUtlniiUu(lnGi1~rlU tJ tl~i111m uU ll~ 1Uii~
b~mrlUi111lJ~(IbtiUiibii(llln Chu Hsi li1lI 1130-1220) ~oli~ ~llJVIltInUi11 l1t11~Yj t1til11aU1btlldidflrlUrlUtJ tl~ ltlt1ilui1iiUri tl1lbii (I
ltlt1l blf U 15 (Zen) oli ~lj Bt1il~ a tl~rlU ila U~tJ tl~ ~Ubba ~((jU~J1n m~(Ilti~~lJ1I1W1li1~lji111lJh~l btiU diU1mUVIrU1 ilatJUl
rUii tlillj i111lJill~ l1UiIaU~lPi1fl ilatJU~Ub ti flU$Ui1UbVIii tlUrlU
bbGi U~ 1nIJi1$Ui1 Uli bti flU ~UJ Uhilj i11 llJ ~ ~ 1VIqbtiU ~ Ui1 UJ tl ~ ilatJU (I dU (In ua ~iIa tJU 11 l1BUb~fl 11 11~Uil fllJ~ lUiii (I~m~II
II 1nni1~ lUU~ ~W111 1m~II iiU ~ lUU~ ~W111 1n ~ ~IIJUal1~ tiUb~ rn
rlUlIlaU lbllmiitluJ~~U di~JU~~1~1l~(I~lm111nUU~~W1111 m~II ~ Ui1U11 (I~~rlU tll11rlUnU iii(l~m~II lj n1~ bti tJU1l1~t11~
v
lIlaUl 1l1~ill(1u~~hlU 1l1~fiTt1l1l1 1l1~a(l1 ua~(Itln1ii
l~JUbtl~~~Il~~lill~ll~m~~~W1 b~lUltJ ua~JUUl~ ~lm111nU 1ij (I~ n ~~II tiU11 bvi tlaUtl ~ i11111 ditl~m ~ Gitl ~liu ~ ~a~~ l ~1di~ lU Y1U
ill~ l1 ~~ljn1~a tlnbbUUnU1ij(l~m~II tJtl~iIa tJUfilj ilmlltJ ~rlU
mh~IIlnll1tJ bba ~di1 tJiJlj tlli~ tJ ltJl11 injjluUUmi 1~ bW111mh~ ulill~
lUm~~~i1l alilI(I1 ~~jjli 3 nU1ij(l~m~IIJ tl~ ~U1dinaltJ
II lbuUuU tJ a ltJii tl tltliitl1l tllU1 tJ llbtll1lldiiiHhU tJ tl~1l1~li IIa ltJ baUbuUltInjj(JI~~lflvj~ ltlnjj(JI~VlblljjJtl~~lU1ij(l~m~II ~U
lllii~Gitl1 uii
~1~~lflt1tl(li11111~lIntJtl~iii(lll1Uti~II1I1W1tltlnll2tlril~
lblljjfl~ n1~btiflU1l1~mJl diU1ii ua~ujhl1 l(1tJl111lll1V1lnv
1l1llUei1ftNtt~I 200Q-t090 BC LitHt1n11JJIIl1mNUrLYHU 7JNItl~ ~ middotH ~ bull ~ 11111uet1jgtfIL4fl1tamp lInYl1nlJ IItlJJ1m~LUJU1~ L1B~
1 j1n1nDtNrU~jhJi1 JTao Tieh)
2 ~1m1h~1IJUUUtJLN
3 UJtJlI1IJLL1nJtJ~yui1
lti ltlUuriltl ti1 ~ b~ tJ1 tflqJ buUVl bltT17 n 1i1tillU01 ~baU ltlti 1~ilJU101 ltiltlU yenI11U l~a~ bnlill1l1elUltllillatl ltl~1l1Vlb~tJ UrUUi lnn~U 111
ltflrtJb~ltllJ 1l1tJYIo1~i1~ltlltTlil1ii17~ 13
~lU~IilimilJtfU~~tIltl~1iUrUbUU tIltl~alltJiltf1~ilti~ bUU
~J lblltJ IilltJl1 ~lU~IilimilJalltJti~lliifi)nrilO1ltJ blltJll1tJ1tl1liltJ Vl1n Iilllil (Tartars) ltl1U tI ltl~ltllJ tJlf ltl~UU ~lUlIilin iilJIilUUUU
blliii ltlltl~llib UUltltJlJ In lti1U1IIqj tI ltl~~lU~IilimilJ tfU~~ii ~i1U i1lJ11111UllUUiirUbuUnU01ltlmbuu lln~lUIiiUUUU
~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
1011rU nUtIltl~lilU~cl~i1~bIIiiiltlltl~buUnU01ltlnuuuJ~~U U i~b l1ltTqjj Ub~ ltllJ1lt11Ui111lJ nlJelU~~~lill l tI ltl~ iii 01UUIi 11
Ii~ 1UU i~b l1AqjjUJUbltl~~nU Ui~ii1lJlmilJU01 ~~IilimilJ tIltl~IiU if~ lliiunWrn17111 lliimil1bLlt1111 bbU ultltl1uliltJmilJtfUa~ timbull 1iUalltJti~ fijj ltl1i111Ui ~bl1 AqjjU1ii1tJ
1UriltlUi1~altT1il1iit~ 7 ii101UUb~tJIUllVlalillm~liilU iil~ jjtll111bU 2 til i~U1tJIii1tJlIbbUUbiJUlIbIIiiiltl~b~tI1 bblil~ bb01~1111
ualil~Ci~it01U ~~if~ltl~1 11 i ~tJ ~b~lJ 1iiU llnri ltlUi1~altT1il1ii~ 5
~hiin1ib~tJIUllVlbiitl1rlun1ihalil1
nU~IilimilJ eJltJVll1tiltTlaUlii~brilbbri~IilrUltl~~~l Tun
Huan jj 109 ~1 ii~tfUltl1rulbtllilbltlb1ltJn01l~iiUbUUbbllli~rilbiJlil Vll1tiAlltlUl1l1Vlb~tJUbIIliliiiiltl1tj~~bbliii1~ltlltT1il1ii17~5-13
ll1Vlll l1n utiVl lJVl1lJ1Iiim ~yhrlU 111U i ~ bllltlliUri ltlUU i ~L11 A
t11jU uliiit01 U ~Ui ~b1ll1dlti U i1nn11il tJlJ rlU ltltil~UVl-jl101ltJ 111
Ui~bl1AIiU
~lU~IilimilJtIltl~alltJ Ming Uo1~ Ching bUUit01U~b~ltllJ lliiiin1ibiii tJUbbUU nUJU ~~ uliinUbIIlilrU tJ1lilt111il~1il11 U i~shy
l 115111Vlm ~1Jil ltl Uo1 ~i111lJ jlln tI ltl ~ ~ 111 ~ Iil i n i ilJ alltJ IIo1~r11 if~ i1~ii ltl~ uliiliiltl1 lJ lo1nru~~lU lliin01ltJbuUuuu Iilnulii~~~ ~U
238
allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
btiaumOW1Jn~l bUI1JnOWi1il ltJfh~
lJiilJlillH1ltJi11tJltJfll1
t111nl a ll1i ltJ~i1 t1uU U t1ibowrujj ltJ QlJ 1 n1Ii Hil~ lf~ a
Sung iili1~I bbl1iilb tial1l1OW lilltJn1~ I n bbi1 1l1OW t11t1AUlJ In 4
mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
Hsai Kuie il~fl1lJn1~btitJlJfl1Wfi111Al1 d
Chang Tse-tuan btltJlJfl1WI1111AlJ
1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
bWamp~111 yenIln1 tf 1n 1~fl1Wfljj~ fl bilrJ ~ii fl fl1WbtitJlJiIlJa1tJ~l11Yi~jjl1 2 ai1
Yen Hui btJlJiJ~~mtl~~bfll1bbUUill~
~l11j~~11 tf 1amp1 IJltl~bb u Uaoj1~ fl l~IIruiJlJ
(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
Chieng Shun-chu btJlJiJ~~mflil~fl biltJ ~1lJn1~btitJlJ~flnW Lin Liang btJlJqbtitJlJjtlYi~1ilnrilJIJw-jyenlltlltJ iifl II1lJil1 lllhj1~JJbtl1 (Wild Geese by
a Mountain Stream)
Wu Wei nlJflil~miltJ~t1flnhlJfla1rJ ~ 111 btJlJ ilbAl7f ii fl bl1W is ~1 riUlrivh
(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
ln l7ru~ 1lJ tI fl~ altJ yenIl~ ~1lJ iJ ~ ~n ~~II 11lJ ~~ nlJiJ~~m~IItlfl~alJtJ Ming bbti~flfln
btJlJ 2 anltl iifl anltl Wu btJlJanltliJ1tJbyenl1fl
il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
afJltliJ1tJlai il Tai Wen Chin btJlJIJlll
1l1t1ll~~h~1 ~~hliimh~~ ltihlll1iunllViiimlJ f11~~1~ u~41y f11~~l~I]~lullJ~li I1el~VJ1 ~Lltl~~ll~ll ~~a~~ll1 1l1t1ll~h~~it ~iiel1mri1~~ri~algtlll~ Ull I el~ ah~ lll 2000 BC o 0
lh ~ au ~llJ 1~ ~iJ el til ~ ~ ~1ll Vl1~lii1ll ~ VI~U ~ m ~m ~ a1~ ~ nii ~tIll elmUll~t1ltl~11gti1~1 ii ~~~el~VllJ1m~tnnU~llJ~~ elVl1~lJ~~ tJllliJoellJl~t1elU ~till ~lJ~ a1t1VJ1 lJa~l~ml~l~iimllf11n
I el~o Vliiblgti1 (Tao Tieh) il1V1~UiJel~nllillVi~ntJllliJ~lI1lJ1lll Viii m~m~~ll 1myii~t1m~ljjat1~llJ it ~~t1V1~~ tilliilliihtl VI el ~~ ifllJ1elrilll ~ 1lla~1 ~ ~~ iJnll I el ~ alltI -j~ ~~ el~liit1 ~~ 1~Uuii el
0
nll~ UlltI ~~~amp iJ1nll~Y~ 9 BC UtllJIm~lgti~n~m~liit1 ~t1ll ~ m ~~a ~ll nVl1 ~ tI 1 (0nYUl~Vi ~llYI el ~ll ~ m ~~a ~ll mmhii tl~~~~Ullel~~till~~lJllliJiJljllii)lllll~jj~ 8 BC UtllJfi1 ~t1ltl~l~UlljtJltl~m~m~ ll~Y~ 6 BC UtllJ~m~lgti~a~a1t1 Ullliim~m~1~~liit1ii1V1a1t1ii1lllll~Y~ 4 BC iltllJlti a~a1t1~nlJlgti~m ~m~ ~ Ull t1~rill Vleltl lJa ~~iill lli~ 1llllmY
~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
l~t1~llii~u BVlIl~ aiJ1n~nzlbiitlll t11lJ1~iitlll ~~a ~~n ~iltl~~ (Scythians Sannatians Hsiung-nu) lllll~Y~ 6 BC
ij~ t1 1nni1iinll lh ~~lJ 1m lJ ~ tI ~ll Ill1~~~ n1 fi1dit1 1~~
a-j1~t1ll riellJ~ iJll~~mjllellli1 lh~amp1lJ1mlJb mhiiiiolnjjUI~~ iJll nll~~lJ~~ n mJiimielll
iJ1nll~Y~ 2 BC-3 AD nlltI ~amp1lJ1mlJtJel~Iill mJiiel~~~ll 1t1lJ1ltil1V1olnVillIll1~ 1my1ll1a1lltJ el~ Huo-Chu-pin
(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
~t1 ~Ulll1a1lliJ1n Ssuchuan ii~ Shantung Jll~iJll~~uunll t1 ~amp1lJ1nlJtJel~Iillrielllldi~uBVlIl~aiJ1n~atl~Iel~~Vl5lllall1
t1 ~ ~l1iiti m~a ~ t1 ~ ~1~ ~ iJll~ ~ ~ampielll liJ1Viilnii~~a tI ~ I el~~n IJJlalt1~~iJjtlit~~ifllJ1el~1lltI~~ Vllllill1~t1~1ll~ t1el1~iltl
~ 1ll t1 ~amp1lJ 1n lJ I el ~ Iill it ~ ~~a ~~ 1Vi ~ Ill ii ~n 1 ~~a ~~ elel n
g~fl11t1i~mju~ ~l11qjt1u l~n~ ~lil1U1l1fl l~n1~m~~ubampflum~ il(iitlfl~~laU lYj115 Jlnfl~adill(ii1 ~ ~jtn 4-8
1u a~fl ~fltllbbti fi~lj n1 ~all~Vi ~ ~Yj115~ tJnu fl~r(iilt1 bb~f
mnmtJUbbUU(iimb~~~~tUlnn atl(lltl(iim~Yj115~laulJlnufl1UfJjt(ll~bbil ~tJl1biifl l~b tJu
rJlll~ 1au lYj 11 lJ biflt111UtJ ~ ~b l1~iiu~ U~fll adi~(ii ~ ~jt~ 1
bb~~ lUi-Til tJm~t1 iJlflYjl1lJBUbtJuuUUtJ~ ~illt11ampUUl~bltl tiu
111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
1utJ fl~ 845 btJUbl1(ii1111(iihiuflflnil 4600 bbli~(lnlilillfl Uil~Vi~~Yj115~tJ~a1flntllliiltjCYl11fl1tJ df~ lliimh1bbhil tJ~~bl1~ qj iJu1~lnjtl~ lU~(ii~m~t1uil ~tJ~~ampt11n ~~t1 JUltj~111~ mh~1~ ramp~lUtJ~~~t11m~t11uJlbbli~bbfl1U Shans uil~ Honan t1ulj
ij (IIi 1ltj~ m~~ (iih mh~1I1qjl1 il1~ 1u n1~al l~Vi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJ tI fl~
i-TiltJUtlfl~t111iU Vi ~~Yjl1lJ~tJ-)l11nUUl1Ulill bba(ii~ hblIuYiun
illjfl11t1ltl~ut5fl~ mh~~ ~nui-Til tJ ~t1fl~Ufl1Ufiu lJl~ ~ (II ~g ~ ~lU tJ ~ ~~lJ In ~ ~lJ tI fl~iUl~bn(ii1ul(iifl(ii~~I1lflhw ~huJlmmoll fl n il1~ f (iilt1n bbliiuhIii fltll tJ ~ ~ampt11 n ~ ~t1 iiuf1~bba(ii~njt(ll ~bbli ~
fl11lJ btJUbiffl t11~t1fl~(iiUflflnlJ 1 g ~ 1UtJ ~ ~n1 ~hficyiifln1 ~1u minUbI1(ii~il iil~lilnu flflnlJ 11Ufl~yenltJ~ ~nflU JlnlJ1il ilnU1~r bbliib~lJ ~U~ lU Jln ~tJu flnBunu btJU1~ n iltllUil ~1~n iltl ~tJm ~ m~Ufln (Sphereical oval and cylindrical forms) iGn1~-)l11n
~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
Ufln Jln n1~ -)111nVi ~ ~Yj l1lJ~tJu 1 tJ~ ~~t11miu fi~
-)111n~tJVi~~lViil1(ii1fl11ilnb(ii~1~ (mUBlJ = Kuan-Yim)
~1fl1(iiQliil~1 btiU l1u fl~(ii W bbil~ln df~ldfmh1ui1ilt111
iiuJuiJCYCYlt1UiJ fltl~lU ~(ii~n ~ ~t1lJ In g~~lUb I1lti lliUfllJbtJU
b~fl~ bAmnU~laUl tJ ~~1~~la(ii1 I1lfllj njt(ll~b tiu ni(iitJ~~-)l
lU u1ii~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJiUltIi1~ tUbiii flWnlJli ~lIlJ 1lJm~ill ltIUl bhuU lii~uU~~llijj ~1illtl~ltIlJyj~ ~VjYl fi~ tJ1Iil fl~ tJyj ~ ~1yj fialill
gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
~llJUllJJfl~~Iil~mlliiuUiinl1buUmln~lUJi~bbliimrlJ1U~lru hUUllJJ fl~tJ~ ~ampilJ In ~iUuUiin1nUmrlJml~ tJ~ dampiilllt1Iilf[1ii
mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
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jj Edo LUlJLilfl~I1~1~ (U~lUlJjfl Tokyo l11li) tI~~LI11l
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(1655-1716 AD) li1l1~iibjtllu~rlUflOllli1 thnllilOlllLlJlI a1l11i1l111i1tlthr111llJllJ1n1 tJ u~ilOl ll illJtl1m1n1lJ 1LtJlI ~~ UlI1iI10l h 1l1iliilliiA1iI1jj~ti 18 llilnOliJ1tl Realistic LLOl Idealistic
Lnliltlll flOl Realistic II Maraama Okyo (1733-1795 AD)
LlJlI~riilJi~ a1l1 Ganku Koma LlJlI~riuJi~ Kishi School illv v
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-31llWJlW (Xylography)
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kawa Moronobu (1638-1714 AD) LtJlI~riuJi~~1l1fl1WWlJYl illJtl1VIlitJu~~lll
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255
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12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
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iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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Kose no Kanaoka (900 AD) Ultl~l~jtllll VIltllUtfllltJeJ~LtJl
ldiLilllUm~il1~lJj~ihlUjj~eJilYamato-E Toba Soja (1053shy
1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
IUUlll~liIm Mitsunaga 1ij1il~mbVmlli~RlliiilIil1~~ltr1 12 IUU
tI~lJlill~li~IitJUll1~r1IltJn Makimono ii ~il~1iI1l1~ l~~~m~il
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1U ~tJ ii ~ij ~ ~tJ ~11alBUlUi iiatl~liillUU 1tllilllJ uUUtJil~ ltflltJ Fujiwara (~ltlh1Jn)
ara KAMAKURA (1185-1333)
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(Massive brackets) ~ltiUtJltJRl BUiiUiJeJnlJlilln~~~Iil~li
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~01uU~~~l11qj btiU Ku Kai-chi Wo Tao Tzu Kuang-hsiu
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7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
Allfll lliilu nliami ~i1bUI
ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
H1JmiIuri (Chiaroscuro)
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1ill1il1
8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
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mlltJtJ1~ltJI
11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
Ll Chen btltJWl1WI1TI1AlJllVyenIlJ11
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1lJfl~~ btJlJl1lJtil1 ~1lJ flil ~ miltJ ~ illJyenlii~ iifl bih~(hUjfl~ (Approach to a City)
Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
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(Romantic and realistic painter) a~-YifllJ1~ r=i
byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
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a Mountain Stream)
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(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
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il Shen Chou btJlJIJlll IJltl afJltl Chen btJlJ
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0
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~ 7 BC iltllJa~l~m~iJnlilVl~
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(11 7 Bc) lllIlU~l Wei llllJUII1a Shansi lJa~~t1~~mlVla1t1
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111fl1~~1t11~~ Wei bbil~~1t11~if Liang (4th-6th Century AD)
Vi~~blillimVi~~amp Wu-Tsung l~btJUtJiliJn~flYjl1lJ~laUl
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~ tJflu t1umiluiGfli1flnU~(iihiiultibbil ~U J ii fl tJ~lJ 1(ii ~ tI fl ~ liiulti uUflth~nl(ii
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gtl ~iU 1U~~iibMlJlnU nU tJ~ ~ampilJ 1m~lJtfUJ~ Jfl~~Uual bnih Iiifl~eJl~ii~ilU~lUIi~ tJl1qjilUllii~lU~llJ11l~iU
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mhlii~ Anico Ii ~b tJUtJl1bU1haua~lnill1tvlfl1~UJfl~bJl~fl Liu Yuan Ii~IhnUlUlilflUtJallJillill~~1tii13 ua~IiiUillill~~a ii 14 ua~illatlU~U1 iiihhylinilfl Feng Hsiao-Chung ~ltIil~ ~ tJmUlilJ eJUltIllJnlJ bba ~tJ ~ ~ampilJ1m 1UR ~fl URl1J fl~ bJllin 2
I11U Ilfl Feng Chi-pao bba~ Feng-Li Ii~ltIll~~tJhllilyj~~iinlt lUaYl5biil (A Taoist-group) lUU i1il 1428
thiialiilJ iiIiliijj~ lUtJ ~ ~ampilJ 1m ~lJ m~Vj Yl fiillltIll1 ~ fl Yun-Kang Cave lU Shansi 5th AD jjan1tru~liUb(ijlJ
Lung Men Cave lU Honan 5th-6th AD jjanaru~liUb~lJ
Tieng Lung ShanlU Shansi 6th-8th AD jjan1tru~btJUVlbila
Jfl~i5U
thliifl1tJiijj~ lUtJ ~~ampilJ 1m~lJ iJ llJVjYlliilllt1UliilhltlUlil
Tun-Huang lU Kansu
To-shan lU Shantung
Yun Men lU Shantung
Kung-hsien lU Honan
bMlJlnuillatJ~hU~f)~ lI~f)jatJ~tJ~~fjnGi (Minor arts or
Applied arts) Jfl~~UiU ~lUtJ~~b1lYlbi1~f)~bi111f)U (Ceramic)
illnnal 2000 BC li~wanUbi1~f)~bi111f)ujjan1tru~bUUmh~ IfllUYl ilUii~ltIllJ Sung bba~liifllJllJJil~t1~i1~ln1tllJllil~~lUJ fl~
n1 ~ ril bi1 ~ fl ~ bi1 11 flUfl ~lU ~U ~ ~~h~ tJ1ampi ~ IilllJ bblii ij ru ltIlJ uampim~ iatJ~b~fllJa~ byj~ld tJlUb~fl~lh tJUalUaliilJ ~~nalmtJU
n1~l1lnuI1i~~1miiuhJ ~~luaartJ Ming ultl~1I1lmllW1~flth~~~lu aartJ Ching i-lltllJ~m~b~iilflUl1ln~1~1n ii~flth~hr~m~b~iilflu ~ fl ~ ~ u1u aartJdjj ~d1~ hl1qJ ~ ~ ll1qj fl~ r1Un1~ b~ iil flU ~ fl~ tj1~ lJ lu~ialii1m~~1j~ 1 7 ultl~ 18 ~1n (~j~bi1abbltl~ltJflauauliilmJ ~1n)
b~~fl~b~iilflulm1ru~I1l~m~uaartJ 2000 BC jj~lJ anllru~lihhb l1~il~ bba ~adl1la 1tJual1l~ 1I1bl1uhhilU~l111Wa J1n b~lallJbl1lbjj tJ u11irjj bbJr1U ~fl~ aarm~tJdr1udjj anllru~~ fl~~U flu uil1~ btiU bbJr1Ua1~m ~bitJni1 Li 0 Ting ii~lti~Wufiflth~ lmlill1lr1U1l1 tfu~~a1~liidtJ hi11l1uaarm~mr1U
fltJ~fhlqlj luJl1lll~1mll~ Kojiki bba~ Nihonji lliiuul1nm~m~wl11~
lJ ~ d~i11aI1l1tJfl~qjiJu HJi~ bbl1iltf aartJ tJfl~ymW ~~~ Jimmo (Dr
Jummo) riflu~iaiii1l1ld~~11~ 6 J1n 6th BC 6th AD i-lalJ~ tl~ l~jjiJjjfl ~ ~ bbal1l~ 1I1bl1uih ~1111W atJ fl ~~u m ~11l1lll1 ~ tJ fl~
i11au1ilu1l1lJutl~milUtJ~ b~~liiu lIa~~1lll1~rltf1 Ulii~ ltIt
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Shotuko Taishi (593-621) ultl~ Umayadono-Oji ii~bJU~~ll1 V11ii11au1bti1~11uqjiJu
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~1U11j~mtl1njjtl311flUtJfl~fl~Iili1~jj~~12 UOl~ 13 fl1il
b11itl Ublitl uhinu nu11j ~mtl1mjtl~~~l~tJfl~~ tI Italian
Renaissance hi 111t11IiiElniIlOltJfl~iiju miJ~tlmjtltJfl~tUiJu hib~tltiuflth~il~~lij~lufl~Iili1mjw~7 1uu fli1 624 1Iiib1i~ ~Uiin0l1~i11u1tiuii~ 4 4 6 bb11~ lV11jl1~ tiu UUflOlfl~j1nli ~ bUUriljUOl ~b1jjlj1U1Ujfl~ojU
ITo NARA (710-785)
U1j1bUUbjj fl ~~U iin0l1~I11 ~i11U1 bbOl ~n1jbjj fl ~ tJ fl~tU iJu
111 fl~ 1ili1~j j~~ 8 bUU~tJau~ ~ 1Vlqj tJ fl~ i0l 11 ~bbOl ~i11U1 l1i~~b itmnUl1 Tempyo 1Ubjjfl~U1j1jjuuu flth~miJ~omjlJ ~~jmjtl bbOl ~11j ~mtl1mjtl~bfhbbfi~l~tJ fl~tUiJU lV11j~l1~ liiol1liiifllV11j Horyuji l1~luu fli1 589 ~n1yj1V11lbl1oVl101u
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l1lbfhuri~l~ 1ulOln 1Uj~tI ~b~tlbbjn ilOluuiijutlTyhnu1utUiJu
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tJ fl~IltI Suiko Ii ~1Iiiojufl1t1UU~10l1ilil1nu uUIlj~IJJ~l~jiitJltl~ bn1V1~ nU11j~mtl1mjtltJltl~11j~mtl1m Kuratsukuri elu~~lV1qj iii flllj~Vjl1li311h~~elu~~ntl 11j~m~pu ltl~1 U1V11j Horyuji
jj311Iljdllii~1 2 tJ1~ Ilj~Vjl1li311 Yakushi (~in~1flUVln1j)
~fl~l~~u~11~~nvr (Peonies) ~flun (CanaJy) 16lviljj~~ Hokosai flUUqiljU
tJnv1V fi n1OilU~U ~ nttnltiui1ufl1ril1lI IIrUftiluqjlju i1U~U1 1lt~01~ luuuu
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Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
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bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
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15th AD
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jj Edo LUlJLilfl~I1~1~ (U~lUlJjfl Tokyo l11li) tI~~LI11l
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ilu~llJli1l1iiu Tannyu (1602-1674 AD) LlJlI~tillil11lJ L~tl1tf1llJmh~~~ Ltitlllfl1WaLum~iluOlW~j~il Ogata Korin
(1655-1716 AD) li1l1~iibjtllu~rlUflOllli1 thnllilOlllLlJlI a1l11i1l111i1tlthr111llJllJ1n1 tJ u~ilOl ll illJtl1m1n1lJ 1LtJlI ~~ UlI1iI10l h 1l1iliilliiA1iI1jj~ti 18 llilnOliJ1tl Realistic LLOl Idealistic
Lnliltlll flOl Realistic II Maraama Okyo (1733-1795 AD)
LlJlI~riilJi~ a1l1 Ganku Koma LlJlI~riuJi~ Kishi School illv v
thnllLlJlILLUUliInu~~lljnuudi1tllllalill Jatuku Ito (1716shy800 AD) LlJlI1(ililjmlljIJlt1 Decorative Painting ~~~lV1qj~u il1n Korin
-31llWJlW (Xylography)
~ll1mWWlJYl (lil) LtJlIilOllla1l1ju~ (Minor art) ~~1di mthrllllJ1u~il~lm1n1 L1l1LL~hililiiA1iI1jWti 18 Lli1ill ti~ 1l1il0l ll llj Lfl VIiiliiiunljtln fi il~11L lJlI~ 1l1 tiUillil~ uun~ ~ il11lJiamjlI~~1VIqjtJ il~ilOlll ~iJlI U~tflltfll~ lliUtllJrlll LWj1 ~1iI11~1l1ilOlll tiLtJlIL~u~LMtl1tiu~1iI1i1L li1illtitlmi u~till Hishishy
kawa Moronobu (1638-1714 AD) LtJlI~riuJi~~1l1fl1WWlJYl illJtl1VIlitJu~~lll
hjll tfll tf1illi1ldimjl ii~ tTlI ~ 1lInllUillil~mJntJ u~ilOl ll ll j IJl VI iiLti lI tf 11~ iJ lI LOl rJ nll~ 1iI jnjjlJ LLOl~ 1l1fl lWWlJ Yl IJu~
255
~~1~~n~~~U~1~~~a~A~1~~~~ 19 ~~~~~~1a~A~1~~~~ 20
Ii~hHu~I151lltlil1nnU1l11lVllJvltJ~~qij~til~~fh~lJ1n
lnI2l~fj~t11I11YlWll-W2l ~uiJIiiiiiliifH~~~1~fill- Torii Kiyonobu rhn~~~1~~~wh~ 1664-1729 AD
Okumura Masanobu 1685-1764 AD
Lusuki Harunobu lh~1~~~lu~~wh~ 1725-1770 AD
Kitao Shigemasa 1739-1820 AD
Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
Toshusai Sharaku -1825 AD
Kitagawa Utamaro 1753-1805 AD
Katsushika Hokusai 1760-1849 AD
Hiroshige 1797-1858 AD
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13th AD
14th AD
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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(1483 AD) LUlJII (I ~m~L ~ tJlJ1l1Wjj i111lJ oj en I111lJni 1
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1573-1603 AD fUitJ Tuyutomi
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ilu~llJli1l1iiu Tannyu (1602-1674 AD) LlJlI~tillil11lJ L~tl1tf1llJmh~~~ Ltitlllfl1WaLum~iluOlW~j~il Ogata Korin
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LlJlI~riilJi~ a1l1 Ganku Koma LlJlI~riuJi~ Kishi School illv v
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Okumura Masanobu 1685-1764 AD
Lusuki Harunobu lh~1~~~lu~~wh~ 1725-1770 AD
Kitao Shigemasa 1739-1820 AD
Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
Toshusai Sharaku -1825 AD
Kitagawa Utamaro 1753-1805 AD
Katsushika Hokusai 1760-1849 AD
Hiroshige 1797-1858 AD
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allIJ5GJmrililiitilOil
i1ilfIilAlilliijf 4th AD Ku Kai-chi bUI~Iilimi11btinii~ Ulflil~ll1bIIii~i1njfruitl1Iill
7th AD Ssu Ksun mmJllffli1lJ~~IilimilJ
iU1a~ olI
8th AD Wu Tao-Tze blJalti~bnmmJYfYllJ
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ti lillliitJ ~~I bUIelUl1fiHli1
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8th AD Chu Fan ttiaWllVfili~bMmnuffilil t1ij-nl 1l1OW~jj~ltJb~a~iiltJ elV1~
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8th AD Li Chen ttial1l1OWbnalnUWYIlJ Allfll
8th AD Han Kan jj~m~a~l1nlittial mow~h
8th AD Li Ssu-hsun ~11lffli1th~btifJWllOW
lJIUfI
8th AD Wang Wei ~11lffli1th~btial1l1OW
lJIUfI
9th AD Kuang-hsiu b~lJjjtlllniall1iltJmi bblfIil~ltJltJ nii~i111lJiifnfl1~t1ibowru
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11th AD Kuo Ssi ~Iilim~jj~m~a~~~lHqj
l1mittiaWllOWIilltJn1Jl
bullbull bull
11th AD
12th AD
13th AD
13th AD
14th AD
14th AD
14th AD
15th AD
15th AD
Li Luang Mien il~flllJn1~btiml fl1Wbflm~~
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Chao Meng-fu btitJlJfl1WbbUUth~shy
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byenIlJ1I~1 ryry1rutI fl~ ltll1j bll lJ
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a Mountain Stream)
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(Fairy and Phoenix) g~V1iJ~~biilJlt1 btJlJ
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iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
IUUlll~liIm Mitsunaga 1ij1il~mbVmlli~RlliiilIil1~~ltr1 12 IUU
tI~lJlill~li~IitJUll1~r1IltJn Makimono ii ~il~1iI1l1~ l~~~m~il
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1U ~tJ ii ~ij ~ ~tJ ~11alBUlUi iiatl~liillUU 1tllilllJ uUUtJil~ ltflltJ Fujiwara (~ltlh1Jn)
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(Massive brackets) ~ltiUtJltJRl BUiiUiJeJnlJlilln~~~Iil~li
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tI~ ~ilJ lmr1~~ 1V1qj Bn~Hii~ii il Jokei ~iiilHlt1n lUBUtJnlJ ~1tJ1iiliH Sho Kannon lU Kuramadera r1 Kyoto nU1ijIil~m~lJ ~ ~ ~Vj YIlJl UlilllJ uu UU~ ~I~ iUUil~l UIYI11i11U1~fll~l~ 1 ii ~ ojU
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nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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(1290-1330 AD)
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Uj ~~ fI~qjiJllt~nlllflllmJillmJj~~fI~ill 1llU 1228
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1 J ~~l~ (j](j]~~(j]l~fllflU (Kilns) tJll ru IJJfl~ Seto
ilJJflilull (Modern Time) bull 1334-1573 AD11l1Jj1rf1J1f Ashikaga
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fl11lJ iii IiIb till ihfl ~ btJll a~ fl IiIfl61fl~ tiU l (j]lJ fl ~ tJ fl~W 1nIl13j1j
(Samurai) 1i ~b Ullfl-lljtfllUnfljfl~ fll ~ ~ 1IInll i 1iIjnj jlJ LlU U flti 1~ il U ~fl ti 1~ bbtfill ~ IiIllJ
lij jlJ fl~ l~b tl1UfIll ilbbU U flti 1 ~ il U ~liIllJ Uj ~b W ru bbl ~bb U U
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Densu 1 352-1431 AD) ii ~b tifllJ111W1Ulll~fl~ampilil~fltillii~ 50
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(1483 AD) LUlJII (I ~m~L ~ tJlJ1l1Wjj i111lJ oj en I111lJni 1
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(1420-1506 AD) LUlJII(I~m~L~tJlJ1l1WlflJUl1~jj ~mi1tJ~ III _ l 0
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Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
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iuTa FUJIWARA (890-1160)
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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bull bull bull
IUUlll~liIm Mitsunaga 1ij1il~mbVmlli~RlliiilIil1~~ltr1 12 IUU
tI~lJlill~li~IitJUll1~r1IltJn Makimono ii ~il~1iI1l1~ l~~~m~il
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1U ~tJ ii ~ij ~ ~tJ ~11alBUlUi iiatl~liillUU 1tllilllJ uUUtJil~ ltflltJ Fujiwara (~ltlh1Jn)
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(Massive brackets) ~ltiUtJltJRl BUiiUiJeJnlJlilln~~~Iil~li
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tI~ ~ilJ lmr1~~ 1V1qj Bn~Hii~ii il Jokei ~iiilHlt1n lUBUtJnlJ ~1tJ1iiliH Sho Kannon lU Kuramadera r1 Kyoto nU1ijIil~m~lJ ~ ~ ~Vj YIlJl UlilllJ uu UU~ ~I~ iUUil~l UIYI11i11U1~fll~l~ 1 ii ~ ojU
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nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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(1290-1330 AD)
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Uj ~~ fI~qjiJllt~nlllflllmJillmJj~~fI~ill 1llU 1228
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1 J ~~l~ (j](j]~~(j]l~fllflU (Kilns) tJll ru IJJfl~ Seto
ilJJflilull (Modern Time) bull 1334-1573 AD11l1Jj1rf1J1f Ashikaga
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fl11lJ iii IiIb till ihfl ~ btJll a~ fl IiIfl61fl~ tiU l (j]lJ fl ~ tJ fl~W 1nIl13j1j
(Samurai) 1i ~b Ullfl-lljtfllUnfljfl~ fll ~ ~ 1IInll i 1iIjnj jlJ LlU U flti 1~ il U ~fl ti 1~ bbtfill ~ IiIllJ
lij jlJ fl~ l~b tl1UfIll ilbbU U flti 1 ~ il U ~liIllJ Uj ~b W ru bbl ~bb U U
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Densu 1 352-1431 AD) ii ~b tifllJ111W1Ulll~fl~ampilil~fltillii~ 50
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(1483 AD) LUlJII (I ~m~L ~ tJlJ1l1Wjj i111lJ oj en I111lJni 1
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(1420-1506 AD) LUlJII(I~m~L~tJlJ1l1WlflJUl1~jj ~mi1tJ~ III _ l 0
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1440 AD) LUU~LtillUm~~~1I1il~1 lU~njfw~ltlLrI~i LiieJlJil~
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nU1ijIil~m~lJr1lllnrlUl1 Yamato-e UIi~l)il Tosa rU
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(1483 AD) LUlJII (I ~m~L ~ tJlJ1l1Wjj i111lJ oj en I111lJni 1
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1573-1603 AD fUitJ Tuyutomi
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LlJlI~riilJi~ a1l1 Ganku Koma LlJlI~riuJi~ Kishi School illv v
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kawa Moronobu (1638-1714 AD) LtJlI~riuJi~~1l1fl1WWlJYl illJtl1VIlitJu~~lll
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Okumura Masanobu 1685-1764 AD
Lusuki Harunobu lh~1~~~lu~~wh~ 1725-1770 AD
Kitao Shigemasa 1739-1820 AD
Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
Toshusai Sharaku -1825 AD
Kitagawa Utamaro 1753-1805 AD
Katsushika Hokusai 1760-1849 AD
Hiroshige 1797-1858 AD
( UAllUSlU fUA) y~~lio~ 9 (rqVPS1lf8oUJV) ampV~Ilrt1BomiddotS
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Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
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Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
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Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
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Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
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Kitao Shigemasa 1739-1820 AD
Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
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Koryusai 1760-1780 AD
Kiyonaga 1752-1815 AD
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