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KEY FACTSFROM THE ATAG REPORT RELEASED IN MARCH 2012
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Aviation: benefits beyond borders provides aglobal view of one
of the most global industries.Oxford Economics has worked over the
lasttwo years to analyse the economic and socialbenefits of
aviation at a national level in over50 countries and used the
results of thatassessment to build the most comprehensiveglobal
picture of air transports many benefits.Working with partners
across the industry, ATAGhas expanded the analysis to build a view
of theair transport system that provides jobs, trade,connectivity,
tourism, vital lifelines to manyremote communities and disaster
response.
Air transport is a major contributor to global
economic prosperity
Aviation provides the only rapid worldwidetransportation
network, which makes itessential for global business and tourism.
Itplays a vital role in facilitating economic growth,particularly
in developing countries.
Airlines transport over 2.6 billion passengersannually with
revenue passenger kilometres
(RPK) totalling nearly 5 trillion in 2010. The USAfollowed by
China and then the UK were the topthree countries in terms of
RPK.
Nearly 48 million tonnes of freight werecarried by air in 2010,
amounting to 172 billionfreight tonne kilometres (FTK). The
USAfollowed by China and then Germany were thetop three countries
in terms of FTK.
Air transport facilitates world trade, helpingcountries
participate in the global economy byincreasing access to
international markets andallowing globalisation of production. The
totalvalue of goods transported by air represents35% of all
international trade.
Aviation is indispensable for tourism, which isa major engine of
economic growth, particularlyin developing economies. Globally, 35%
ofinternational tourists travel by air.
Connectivity contributes to improvedproductivity by encouraging
investment andinnovation; improving business operations
andefficiency; and allowing companies to attracthigh quality
employees.
Aviations global economic impact (direct,indirect, induced and
tourism catalytic) isestimated at $2.2 trillion, equivalent to 3.5%
ofworld gross domestic product (GDP).
These figures do not include other economicbenefits of aviation,
such as the jobs oreconomic activity that occur when companiesor
industries exist because air travel makesthem possible, or the
intrinsic value that thespeed and connectivity of air travel
provides.
Nor do they include domestic tourism and trade.Including these
would increase the employmentand global economic numbers
several-fold.
Over 1,500 airlines operate a total fleet ofnearly 24,000
aircraft. They serve almost 4,000airports through a route network
of severalmillion kilometres managed by around 190 airnavigation
service providers.
Air transport is a major global employer
The air transport industry generates a total of56.6 million jobs
globally.
It provides 8.4 million direct jobs: airlines,air navigation
service providers and airportsdirectly employ 7.6 million people
and the civilaerospace sector (manufacture of aircraftsystems,
frames and engines) employs 0.8million people.
There are 9.3 million indirect jobs generatedthrough purchases
of goods and services fromcompanies in its supply chain.
Industry employees support 4.4 millioninduced jobs through
spending.
Aviation-enabled tourism generates around34.5 million jobs
globally.
Air transport invests substantially in vital
infrastructure
Unlike other transport modes, the airtransport industry pays for
a vast majority ofits own infrastructure costs (runways,
airportterminals, air traffic control), rather than beingfinanced
through taxation and public investmentor subsidy (as is typically
the case for road and
railways).In 2010, airports invested $26 billion in
construction projects, creating jobs and buildingnew
infrastructure.
The benefits to society of research anddevelopment spending by
the aerospaceindustry are estimated to be much higher thanin
manufacturing as a whole every $100
Aviations global employment
and GDP impact
GDP ($billion)
1,444
2,206
1,156
538.9
8.36 17.7 22.1 56.6 +
+
Employment(mill
ions)
Aviationdirect
+ Indirect
+ Induced
+ Other catalytic
+ Tourism catalytic
56.6millionJobs supported by aviation worldwide.
$2.2trillionAviations global economic impact(including direct,
indirect, induced andtourism catalytic).
3.5%O global GDP is supported by airtransport.
19thI aviation were a country, it would rank19th in size by GDP,
around the same asSwitzerland and Poland.
35%Air transport carries around 35% o worldtrade by value and
only 0.5% by volume.
$5.3trillionValue o cargo handled in 2010.
By valueBy volume
0.5% 34.6%
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million of spending on research eventuallygenerates additional
GDP benefits of $70million year-after-year.
Air transport provides social benefits
Air transport contributes to sustainabledevelopment. By
facilitating tourism and trade,it generates economic growth,
provides jobs,improves living standards, alleviates povertyand
increases revenues from taxes.
Increasing cross-border travel is a reflectionof the closer
relationships developing betweencountries, both from an individual
perspectiveand at a country level. In the same way,eased
restrictions on the movement of goodsand people across borders
facilitates thedevelopment of social and economic networksthat will
have long-lasting effects. Thisimproved flow of people and goods
benefitsboth the host and the originating countries,encouraging
increased social and economicintegration.
Air transport offers a vital lifeline tocommunities that lack
adequate road or railnetworks. In many remote communities andsmall
islands, access to the rest of the world
and to essential services such as health care is often only
possible by air.
Aviations speed and reliability are perhapsmost immediately
apparent in the delivery ofurgently needed assistance during
emergenciescaused by natural disaster, famine and war. Airservices
are particularly important in situationswhere physical access is
problematic.
Air transport is working to mitigate its
environmental impact
Airline operations produced 649 million tonnesof carbon dioxide
(CO2) in 2010 (and 676 milliontonnes in 2011), just under 2% of the
total humancarbon emissions of over 34 billion tonnes.
The aviation industry agreed in 2008 to theworlds first set of
sector-specific climate changetargets. The industry is already
delivering onthe first target to continue to improve fleetfuel
efficiency by 1.5% per year until 2020. From2020, aviation will cap
its net carbon emissionswhile continuing to grow to meet the needs
ofpassengers and economies. By 2050, the industryhas committed to
reduce its net carbon footprintto 50% below what it was in
2005.
Companies across the sector arecollaborating to reduce emissions
usinga four-pillar strategy of new technology,efficient operations,
improved infrastructureand economic measures to fill the
remainingemissions gap.
Modern jet aircraft are 75% quieter thanthe first models that
entered into service andeach new generation of aircraft continues
thisdownward trend.
Over 1,500 passenger flights operatingpartially on sustainable
biofuels have takenplace so far. It is expected that carbon
reductionfrom moving to biofuels could be up to 80% overtraditional
jet fuel.
When implemented, Europes Single Skyprogramme can deliver a
10-15% reductionin environmental impact alone as it will
save 300-500 kilogrammes of fuel and 948to 1,575 kilogrammes of
CO2 per flight.Similarly NextGen in the USA is expected toyield
significant benefits in terms of reducingdelays, fuel savings,
additional capacity,improved access, enhanced safety, and
reducedenvironmental impact.
Air transport will continue to provide jobs
In 2030, forecasts suggest that there will benearly 6 billion
passengers and aviation willsupport nearly 82 million jobs and $6.9
trillion ineconomic activity.
However, if growth were to slow by just 1%,the total number of
jobs supported by theair transport sector (including air
transportsupported tourism) would be over 14 millionlower than the
base forecasts and thecontribution of the air transport sector to
worldGDP would be $646 billion (2010 prices) lower,with an
additional $542 billion lost throughlower tourism activity.
Air transport is a vital component of modern life
When Icelands Eyjafjallajokull volcanoerupted in 2010, a
week-long disruption of air
traffic in Europe caused 10 million passengersto be affected and
cost the global economy $5billion.
It was not only passengers impacted: partsof the automotive
industry were forced to slowproduction as supply chains remained
groundedand African economies lost up to $65 million inexports of
time-sensitive perishable goods.
DOWNLOAD THEREPORT:
1,568Commercial airlines.
2.7billionPassengers carried by airlines in 2010(in 2011 it was
2.8 billion). Graph showsregional split.
26.7millionAircrat movements worldwide in 2010.
649 millionTonnes o CO2 emitted by airlines in 2010(in 2011 it
was 676 million tonnes), justunder 2% o the global total
man-madeCO2 o 34 billion tonnes.
$140billionCost o uel to airlines in 2010, this is 26%o airline
operating costs (in 2011 it was$176 billion).
77%Average aircrat occupancy (in 2011, itwas 78%), higher than
other orms otransport.
3,846Commercial airports.
192Air navigation service providers.
23,844Commercial aircrat in service.
Jets Turboprops
By Value
4,641
19,203
34,756City-pair routes served globally.
Latin America and CaribbeanAfrica
Asia-Pacific
Europe
Middle East
North America
3%
6%
3%
34%27%
27%
Aircra
ft
Train
Coach
Car
77%
40%
60%
30%
Climate targets:
1.5%Aviation will improve its eet uelefciency by 1.5% per annum
betweennow and 2020.
StabiliseFrom 2020, net carbon emissions romaviation will be
capped through carbon-neutral growth.
50%By 2050, net aviation carbon emissionswill be hal o what they
were in 2005.
