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An Introduction to Academic Writing
Written by:
Setya Putri Rahayu, S.S. M.A. Darmawan Budi Satria, S.Pd. M.Pd.
Dian Asti Anggraini, S.Pd
UNIVERSITAS ‘AISYIYAH YOGYAKARTA 2017
ii
Penulis:
Written by:
Setya Putri Rahayu, S.S. M.A.
Darmawan Budi Satria, S.Pd. M.Pd.
Dian Asti Anggraini, S.Pd
Editor:
Tim Publikasi Ilmiah LPPM
Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta
Setting dan Layout:
Tim Publikasi Ilmiah LPPM
Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta
Desain Cover:
Tim Publikasi Ilmiah LPPM
Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta
Cetakan 1, Juli 2017
ISBN:......................................
Diterbitkan Oleh:
Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta
Jl. Ringroad Barat No.63, Mlangi, Nogotirto, Sleman, Yogyakarta. 55292
Telp. (0274)4469199. Fax. (0274)4469204
Email:[email protected]
Website:www.unisayogya.ac.id
©2017, Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang.
978-602-61992-3-2
iii
Acknowledgment Assalamualaikum wr. wb.
Alhamdulillah, the highest praise is only addressed to Allah SWT that has given the opportunity, health, and blessing so that Introduction to Academic Writing can be finished. Unforgettably, shalawat and salam is given to Prophet Muhammad who has given the guidance from the darkness to the brightness.
The writer realizes that writing is a process of production when people use language. Somehow, it becomes a difficult thing to do for beginners especially university students. This book is specially written for beginner students who want to learn how to write any articles in English.
The book is divided into several chapters which can help students to be able to write step by step. The first three chapters discuss about how to develop sentences within particular common grammatical orders. The next chapter presents how students can learn to make a well-arranged paragraph, and after that they are able to develop the paragraph into a meaningful essay in the next chapter. In addition, the next chapters of this book can also be guidance for students to write their thesis abstracts (Chapter 6), letters (Chapter 7), and curriculum vitae (Chapter 8).
However, the writer humbly realizes that the book is far from perfect. Thus, suggestions are openly accepted. Waalaikumsalam wr. wb. Best Regard The Writer
iv
Contents Cover Page Acknowledgment Contents Chapter I – Introducing Myself and My Classmate Using Nominal Sentences Chapter II – Describing Things and Places Using Simple Present Tense Chapter III – Remembering An Important Day Using Simple Past Tense Chapter IV – Fast Food Is Not Good for Health Developing A Paragraph Chapter V – Therefore Education Is the Most Significant Aspect Developing An Essay Chapter VI – Writing Abstract Chapter VII – I’ve Got An Email Writing Letter and Email Chapter VIII – Dear Mr. Smith Writing An Application Letter and Curriculum Vitae References
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1
Chapter 1Introducing Myself and My Classmate
Let’s Start In this unit, you are going to write a paragraph about yourself and your classmates. First, look at the model paragraphs. The models will help us think about what we want to write. Then, pay attention carefully on each explanation and finish the activities given in each step.
Activity 1 Work with a partner. Read each paragraph, circle the information you find in the paragraph.
Name language Hometown family Work plans for future Address work Study Name hometown Work where she lives Free-time fun Age plans for future Study language Name hometown Work where she lives Free-time fun Age plans for future Study language
Objectives
Students are able to write and share about introducing themselves.
I would like to introduce myself. My name is Azkaa Satriya. My nickname is Azkaa. I am from Yogyakarta. I speak Indonesian. I am single. I live with my parents, my father and my mother. I study in the Medical Faculty of Gajah Mada University. I want to be a doctor.
I would like o introduce myself. My name is Tamara Cynthia. I am 21 years old. I am from Ambon. I live in the dormitory of University of ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. On Weekends, I like to go shopping in Sunday Morning Marketplace. I like watching especially action movie.
I would like to introduce myself. My name is Dedi Febrianto. I am a teacher. I am teaching English and Oral Communication. I am married. My wife and my son are in Jambi. I miss my family. I live with my aunt.
2
1. My2. I am3. I sp4. ___5. ___6. ___7. _____________________
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Activity 2Write six
y name is __m from ___peak ____________________________________________________________________________
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ntences to fparagraph:
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________.__. __. __. __. ______________________________
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___. __.
______________________________
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______________________________
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______________________________
er’s sentenceing is not cl
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rtunately, city is by d peaceful
n Activity 1
___________________________
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he city atthere is taxi, but l city.
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__________________
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3
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Step 1: Ta
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Step 3: Lo
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e topic of thaph is a groThe first wthe first w
se blank spach paragrapin a few wo
Activity 4 Work alon
w many par
hat is the top
WritingActivity 5Write a pa
ake a piece
ndent and b
ook at the
omplete yo
he paragrapoup of relate
word in a paord. Also, t
aces are callpah that youords. A title
ne or with yo
ragraphs are
pic of the se
g Practice5aragraph abe of paper.
begin your I would lik
sentences y
our paragra
ph is ______ed sentencearagraph is there is blaled marginsu write for th is short. It
our partner.
e there in N
econd parag
1
bout yourselWrite you
paragraph ke to introdyou wrote.
aph by cop
__________es about a si
moved to tank space d. his class shmay even b
. Read the le
Nadia’s letter
graph? ____
lf (like the mur name at t
with this sduce myself. Change y
pying your
__________ingle topic. the right ab
down both t
hould have abe one word
etter and an
r? _______
__________
models in acthe top.
sentence: lf. our senten
sentences.
____. The topic o
bout one-hathe left and
a title. A titld.
nswer the qu
__________
__________
ctivity 1). F
ces if you
Skip lines
of a paragraalf inch. Thd the right s
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uestions bel
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Follow these
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e steps.
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4
Activity 6 Introducing My Classmate Good writing is more than just using a correct grammar. It also means thinking, planning, checking, and revising. You will be learning about the four steps of writing: (1) Pre-writing (getting ideas and organizing them), (2) writing the first draft, (3) editing the first draft (checking and correcting it), and (4) writing the final draft to hand in.
Steps Instruction Note
STEP 1
Pre-writing
Taking notes
In this step, you gather ideas to write about.
(you may use the checklist below this table)
Write your notes here....
STEP 2
Writing the first draft
• Give your paragraph title • Begin your paragraph with the
sentence: My classmate’s name is ______. (You may begin your paragraph with a different sentence too.)
• Write several sentences telling about your classmate. Use your notes from STEP 1.
• End your paragraph with a sentence or two that tells how you feel about your classmate, e.g. Iam happy to have _________ as my classmate. I think we will become good friends.
Write your notes here .....
STEP 3
Editing the first draft
These are several steps in the editing process:
1. Check the meaning. Read your paragraph silently. Make sure the meaning of all sentences is clear.
2. Check the mechanics. Read it silently again. At this time, you should look for mistakes in punctuation, grammar, and spelling. Fix them if you find any mistakes.
3. Have your partner check the meaning.
4. Have your partner check the mechanic.
Notes .....
STEP 4 Write a neat final paragraph to hand in
5
Writingdraft
Continued Checklist
1. First n2. Age 3. City 4. Religio5. Addre
Homet6. Length7. Length8. Reason9. Hobbi10. Weeke11. Plans f
A simp
sentnce maand write)sentence. Look at ththem:
1. My2. My
wit3. My4. My
com
g the final
d to the nex
t to gather
Inform
name and fa
on ss in Yogytown h of time inh of time stns for studes or Sportend activitifor future
GrammWhat is a sA sentencesubject and
Look at the• Azk• Ah• An
ple sentenceay be compo). What is
he following
y younger siy mother anth simple vey friend is a y friend andmpound ver
to yoparag
xt page
r informati
mation
amily nam
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n Yogyakatudying En
dying Englits ies
mar and Msentence? is a group od a verb.
e followingkaaplays th
hmadgoes finitatakes an
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ister speaksd father pre
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Mechani
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r. Be sure um.
your class
1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _6. _7. _8. _9. _10. _11. _
ics
hat expresse
very Mondayy Sunday mourse on the
s one subjecand I). There is only
simple sen
uently. (SV –paper in ‘Ais
at job. (SVVks and writi
use correct
smate.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
s a complet
y. morning. e weekend.
ct-verb come verb may a
one subjec
ntences. No
– simple subsyiyah Univ
V – simple suing a report
Notes
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
te idea. A se
mbination. Talso be comct-verb com
otice that no
bject with sversity. ( SS
ubject with ct. (SSVV – c
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
entence alw
The subject mpound (e.gmbination in
o commas a
imple verb)SV – compou
compound vcompound s
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
ways has a
in a simple. They readn a simple
are used in
) und subject
verb) subject with
e d e
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h
6
The following sentences are not simple sentences because they have two subject-verb
combinations. They are compound sentences, and their formulas look like this: SV, (connecting word), SV. Look at the following compound sentences:
1. Ahmad is doing the first part of the report, and Zaky is writing the final draft.2. Azkaa is a manager in a company, but he is promoted to get a scholarship for MBA next
year.
Connecting Words : and, or We often need to connect words or groups of words in a sentence. One way to do this is to
use a connecting word. Connecting words are called conjunctions. There are many conjunctions in English. Two of the most common ones are and and or. They have different meanings. and joins two or more similar things in positive sentences. I like Chinese and Indonesian food. Swimming and waterskiing are my favorite weekend activities. We have class on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. or connects two or more similar things in negative sentences. I don’t like Chinese or Italian food. We don’t have class on Tuesdays or Thursdays. I can’t play tennis or skateboard. or also connects two or more choices or alternatives. I recommend you to take English course or Chinese course. Ahmad or Azkaa will continue the last draft of this report.
Activity 6 Work alone, circle the subject and verb in each sentence. Write S for subject and V for verb.
Living on Campus on the United States
Many U.S. institutions offer a variety of student housing options and services on the college
campus. On campus, students usually live in residence halls or dormitories, which are student
apartment buildings that are often called "dorms." Among the options are dorms for men- or
women-only, freshman-only, and academic-, language-, or theme-focused housing to support
diverse student interests. Students usually share rooms, and the environment can be a great place to
meet new friends quickly. Campus housing has on-site staff who are usually upperclassmen who
know the campus well and serve as an information resource for all dorm residents.
Students dine in cafeterias located on campus where they can find a number of food options
to meet cultural and dietary needs. Student health centers provider basic medical services to the
student population.
Opportunities for recreation and club involvement help enrich the campus life experience.
Academic, cultural, athletic, and special interest clubs meet to socialize and explore common
7
interests. T
students fo
Adapted fr
I am from
My English
I always ch
I have to m
Sentences sentence h
1. Usesen
2. Put3. Put
The housin
orm a comm
rom: https://
What DoeThere are sentences
How are st
Sta
Yogyakarta
h class is ve
heck my pro
master Engli
need capitaas a punctu
R
e a capital lntence. t a period (.)t a question
Activity 7Work alonexamples o 1. ship vi
______
2. masterp
______
3. gift fre
______
4. I read p
______
ng, support
munity withi
/educationu
es a Sentencdifferent
are questio
tatements a
atements
a.
ery dynamic
oject on Sun
ish before I
al letters anation mark
Rules
letter for the
) after a statmark (?) af
7ne or with a of statemen
olently the
__________
piece artist
__________
ee a Dad off
__________
paper in the
__________
services,
in their cam
usa.state.gov
ce Look Likkinds of se
ons. Look at
and question
c.
nday afterno
graduate
nd punctuatat the end.
e first word
tement. fter a questi
partner. Punts on page
storm rocke
__________
painstaking
__________
fered firm by
__________
e burglar bee
__________
and extracu
mpus.
v/experience
ke?entences. St these exam
ns the same?
oon.
Whe
How
Wha
Wha
tion. Every
d in a
ion.
1. Mf
2. Tp
3. Wp
ut the words13 for help.
ed the
__________
gly the his w
__________
y the was.
__________
en caught h
__________
urricular ac
e-studying-
Some sentemples with y
? How are t
ere are you
w is your En
at do you do
at’s your pla
y sentence b
Mastering Efuture. The studenproject on tiWhen is thpresentation
in order. W Add period
__________
worked at
__________
__________
had the that.
__________
ctivities on
usa/living-c
ences are syour class.
they differen
Questio
from?
nglish class?
o every Sun
an before yo
egins with a
Examp
English is v
nts are reime. e professorn of our fina
Write statemds.
__________
__________
__________
__________
n U.S. cam
campus-uni
tatements,
nt?
ons
?
nday afterno
ou graduate
a capital let
ples
very import
quired to
r going to cal project?
ments. Look
__________
__________
__________
__________
mpuses help
ted-states
and some
oon?
e?
tter. Every
tant for my
finish the
conduct the
at the
___
___
___
___
p
e
y
e
e
8
her
mu
5. nightfa
______
6. wore a
______
7. parts m
______
8. cave co
______
9. the stor
______
10. the dog
______
Activity 8Some sen
firstla
school
Activity 9Make corrperiods.
ka
r parents
usic and fas
GramMany v
somethi
change
our cam
all began cri
__________
hat he of co
__________
many coffee
__________
ould explore
__________
rm shed dam
__________
g James talk
__________
8ntences are m
my name
anguage is
l. I want to
9rections to t
azumi is on
live in Tok
ashion her c
mmar andverbs are w
ing does, li
that you c
mpus.
icketers the
__________
oconut mad
__________
popular in
__________
e not they to
__________
maged the w
__________
king sat nex
__________
missing cap
e is May
Spanish, n
o learn Eng
this paragra
ne of my c
kyo she ha
clothes are
d Vocabuwords for a
ike builds,
can see, for
at their pie
__________
de fiber his o
__________
world the is
__________
orch the wit
__________
was during.
__________
xt to himself
__________
pital letters o
yra. I am
now I live i
glish, it is v
aph. Add fiv
classmates,
as no broth
e beautiful
ularyactions. Th
drives, or p
r example
rcing calls.
__________
on head.
__________
s very of.
__________
thout a.
__________
__________
f to.
__________
on the first w
m from t
in Hartford
very impor
ve more cap
, she is fro
hers or sis
ul
hey are wo
plays. The
My lectur
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
word. Make
the Domin
rd, today is
rtant for m
pital letters a
rom Japan
sters sheis
ords for thi
ese verbs de
er always
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
e correction
nican Rep
s my first d
my future.
and seven m
she speaks
is single ka
ings that so
escribe mo
rides his b
___
___
___
___
___
___
ns.
public, my
day in this
more
ksJapanese
azumi likes
omeone or
ovement or
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y
s
e
s
r
r
o
9
Other verbs do not express actions. We cannot see any movement or change.
Examples of these verbs are is, likes, and has.
Activity 10 Building Sentences -- connecting subject, verb and noun Work with a partner. Write six or more statements. Use words from each box. Use all six verbs ( you may add –s or –es in the end of the verb)
Subject Verb
My classmate
The professor
He
She
is
finish
have
present
listen
accomplish
a student
a project
a computer
the bus
a cell phone
movies
paper
presentation
assignment
Example : The professor gives us a lot of assignments in the end of this semester.
1. __________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________________________ 6. __________________________________________________________ 7. __________________________________________________________ 8. __________________________________________________________ 9. __________________________________________________________ 10. __________________________________________________________
Activity 11 A noun is a word for a person, place, thing or idea. Look at the chart then identify thebold-typed words.
Sentences What does the noun name?
No. A person A place A thing An idea
1. I really love my parents. 2. The professor delivers his speech. 3. Do you know where Ahmad is? 4. The professor is waiting at the hall. 5. The library is open today.
1.
2.
3.
10
6. The kIndone
7. Would 8. The p
tomorr9. Xiaom10. Educa
life. 11. We are12. What t
1. Nouns Examp__________________
2. Nouns __________________
3. Nouns __________________
keynote spesia. you like so
paper shoow.
mi is the fasttion is ver
e going to hatime is it?
Activity 1Work witwrite the t
for people ple: mother, ______________________________for things y
______________________________for places t
______________________________
Singular aMost nounmeans “mo
Laptop
Book
Laborat
Course
Class
peaker com
ome ice creaould be
est-growingry importan
ave fun on
12th your parttotal.
in a family.father,
______________________________you can find______________________________to go ______________________________
nd Plural Nngs have sinore than one
Singular
ory
mes from
am? submitted
g start-up. nt for our
Sunday.
tner then w
.
______________________________d in your ca______________________________
______________________________
Nounsngular and
e”. Look at t
L
B
L
C
C
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
11.
12.
write as man
______________________________ampus. ______________________________
______________________________
plural formthe followin
P
Laptops
Books
Laboratorie
Courses
Classes
ny nouns as
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
ms. Singulang example
Plural
es
you can. C
_________________________ Total
_________________________ Total
_________________________ Total
ar means “for regular
Count your
____________________l :________
____________________l :________
____________________l :________
“only one” r plural nou
nouns, and
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
and Pluraluns:
d
l
11
e.g. I li
1. I ca___
2. I ca___
3. Blu___
4. Wo___
5. You___
6. Amis th___
Activity 1Work wituse and an
ike chocolat
an speak En__________an’t speak T__________ue is my fav__________ould you lik__________u can have __________
mien Rais, ahe leader of__________
Some plur
Pe
M
W
Ch
(fin
Activity 1Circle the
people
buildin
great
13th your partnd or.
te ice cream
nglish. I can__________Tagalog. I c__________vorite color.__________ke soup? Wo__________rice with yo
__________a lecturer off a party. __________
ral nouns arSing
erson
an
Woman
hild
nd more exa
4nouns and m
Paris is t
e visit Pa
ngs, lovely
time in Pa
tner. Comb
m. I like coff
n understand__________an’t speak V__________ Yellow is m__________ould you lik__________our meal. Y__________f political st
__________
e irregulargular
ample)
mark wheth
the capita
ris each
y parks, a
aris.
bine two sen
ffee ice crea
d English. __________Vietnamese__________my favorite__________ke salad? (Y__________
You can have__________tudy, is sma
__________
r. They do n
People
Men
Wome
Childr
her the noun
al of Fran
year. The
and excelle
ntences in e
. __I like ch
__________e. __________e color. __________
You can have__________e potatoes w__________art. Amien R
__________
not follow thPlural
e
en
ren
n is singular
nce. It is
ere are w
ent resta
each pair to
hocolate and
__________
__________
__________e only one.)__________with your m__________Rais, a lect
__________
he rules for l
r or plural.
a beautif
wonderful
urants. A
o make one
d coffee ice
__________
__________
__________) __________
meal. __________turer of poli
__________
plural noun
ful city. M
museums
visitor ca
e sentences,
e cream.__
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____ itical study,
_____
ns.
Millions of
s, historic
an have a
,
,
f
c
a
12
Activity 15Building vocabulary: nouns and verbs.
Work with a partner. Complete the chart with nouns and verbs. Write two words in each box. Each word must begin with the letter at the top. Try to make the sample of sentences in your notebook. You may continue with the next alphabets.
A B C D E
Nouns Apple
Ahmad
Verbs Ask
answer
Activity 16 Work by yourself. Write 10 simple sentences about your family, your classmates, or your campus. Use the patters, SV, SSV, SVV, SSVV.
e.g. My classmate is going to present his research in an international seminar on June. 1. __________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________________
7. __________________________________________________________
8. __________________________________________________________
9. __________________________________________________________
10. __________________________________________________________
Writing Activities Writing is a process. A process is a series of steps or actions. We take the steps because we want to reach a goal. The steps in the process will help us get the result we want.
Final Project
In this activity, we are going to write about Myself and My Classmate. You are going to work on your notebook. Don’t forget to write on your notebook, have it checked and hand in to your lecturer.
13
Vocabulary Focus in Unit 1 Learn, write in your notebook and study the following words.
process : _____________________
assignment : _____________________
continue : _____________________
capital city : _____________________
involve : _____________________
resident : _____________________
lecturer : _____________________
course : _____________________
support : _____________________
diverse : _____________________
provide : _____________________
14
Chapter 2 Describing Things and Places
Let’s Start In this unit, you will write descriptions. Descriptions are word pictures. You tell how something looks, feels, smells, tastes, and sounds. You need to become a sharp observer and notice many small details so that you can write a good word picture.
Pre-Activity Work with your partner then do the following activities:
1. Discuss each picture with your partner. What kind of person do you think lives or works in
each place? 2. What clues in each picture led you to your choice? Make a list of the clues next to each
picture.
Continued to the next page
Clues :
..................................................................
....................................................................
..................................................................
...................................................................
...................................................................
.................................................................
.....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
Name of room : ..........................................
Kind of person : .........................................
Objectives:
Students are able to construct a paragraph describing things, places, objects or process.
15
OrganIn this un
a person
it looks
and then
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16
1. Space-order Paragraphs In using space-order, you might describe something from top to bottom or from left
to right. For example, when you describe a person, you could start with the person’s head and end with the person’s feet.
You might describe your classroom like this: Imagin that you are standing in the entrance door. Write about each part of the room in order, moving from the left side of the room around the right side and ending at the entrance door again. When you describe a certain view, you might describe far away objects first and close-up objects last. These are all ways to use space to put sentences in a description into meaningful order.
2. Specific details When you describe something, you paint a picture with words. Your goal is to make
the reader “see” what you are describing. The way to do this is to use a lot of specific details.Specific means exact, precise. The opposite of specific is vague. The more specific you can be, the better the readers can see what you are describing.
Here are some examples Vague Specific
A lot of money A large house A nice car Big library A big campus
IDR 500,000,000 A six-bedroom, four-bathroom house Range Rover Sport A 20,000-collection library A four-library, 150-class building
Activity 1 Work with your partner, look at the following paragraph, and identify how the writer described the objects.
My campus, Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, is a big campus. It has two
main campuses in Yogyakarta; they are Campus 1 and the Main Campus. Campus 1
is located at Jl. Munir 267 Serangan, Ngampilan, Yogyakarta. Campus 1 is a three-
floor campus and the classes are mostly occupied for English Programs and other
tutorial courses. Actually Campus 1 had been the main campus of Universitas
‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta before it moved to the Main Campus. During the weedays, I
usually study at the Main Campus. It is located at Jl. Ring Road Barat 63
MlangiNogotirto Gamping Sleman. This campus is very big. It is two-main building
campus, Building A and B. Building A is four-floor building and it consists of
offices and classes, such as, Rector and Vice- Rectors’ office, Academic Office,
Students’ Affair Office, Office of the Departments. We can also find the library
which has more than 10,000 collections here. When we go to the fourth floor, we can
find a sophisticated hall with the red and comfortable chairs. Those are the
descriptions of the place where I study. I really enjoy studying in this campus.
Topic : _______________________________________________
17
Descriptions :
1. _________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________ 5. _________________________________________
Activity 2 Work with your partner, look at the following paragraphs, and identify the topic sentences. Underlined the topic sentence.
1. Text 1 Adventure Tourism
Adventure tourism is a different way for tourists to see New Zealand. This type of tourism
uses the plentiful natural resources - mountains, rivers, lakes, wilderness areas and historical
sites to provide adventure, thrills and challenges which are low risk but high in excitement. For
example, the coastal areas in New Zealand are great for canoeing and kayaking. White-water
rafting is another popular water adventure tour. However, if you would rather keep your feet on
the ground, New Zealand has over 100 developed walkways in addition to the tracks in the 12
National Parks. Because more and more tourists are interested in learning about New Zealand
by doing exciting and unusual activities, adventure tourism will continue to grow.
Adapted from: http://www.victoria.ac.nz/llc/llc_resources/academic-writing/tsent2.html
2. Text 2 Time Management
No matter how you slice it, there are only 24 hours in a day. To be successful at university,
students need to learn good time-management skills. The first skill is not taking on more than
you can handle. If you are a working part-time, have a family and are involved in a community
organisation, then taking a full course-load at university will be too much. Another time
management skill is reasonably estimating the time required to perform each of the tasks at
hand. For example, deeply reading a chapter from a course text cannot be completed in between
television programmes. Finally, actually doing what needs to be done seems obvious, but is a
very difficult skill. You may find that cleaning out your wardrobe becomes vital when you are
avoiding study. Procrastination is a time manager's enemy. By learning time management skills
your university study will be successful and most importantly enjoyable.
Adapted from: http://www.victoria.ac.nz/llc/llc_resources/academic-writing/tsent3.html
3. Text 3 Have Heart
18
The heart weighs about 11 ounces and is the size of a clenched fist. The heart of a man
performs at about 60 to 80 beats a minute. In a year it beats some 40 million times. At each beat
it takes in nearly a quarter of a pint of blood; in a single day it pumps 2,200 gallons of blood,
and in the course of a single lifetime about 56 million gallons. Is there any other engine capable
of carrying on such heavy work over such a long period of time without needing to be repaired?
Obviously the human heart is a small yet highly efficient piece of equipment.
Adapted from: http://www.victoria.ac.nz/llc/llc_resources/academic-writing/tsent4.html
Activity 3 Work with your partner. Add as many specific as you can to the vague descriptions. Then compare your details with your friend’s.
Example: My house is big. a. It has 6 bedrooms. b. There is a small pond next to the living room. c. There is also a swimming pool in the backyard. d. etc....
1. My campus is very nice. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
2. The library in Building A is very big. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
3. Azkaa is a good student. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
4. The professor gives us many assignment. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
5. The Academic Office is very nice. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
19
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21
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22
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23
USEFUL TIP: The topic sentence is general and controls the paragraph. Think about the type of questions the reader will develop in their minds as they read the topic sentence.
1. Thousands of new people are born on our planet every day. The number of inhabitants in the world has already reached over six billion. If the present growth rate remains unchecked, the world may soon face wide-spread starvation, poverty, and serious health problems. __________________________________ (topic sentence).
A. Therefore, it is predicted that the world will face serious health problems in the near future.
B. The rapid growth of the world's human population is the most important problem the world needs to address.
C. One of the burning issues is the population explosion in third world countries.
2. __________________________________ (topic sentence). Arriving in the land below the Rio Grande River, the Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortez was surprised to see the local inhabitants raising crops that included avocados, corn, garlic and nuts. Onions, tomatoes, chilli peppers and pumpkins were also grown in the rich soil. Irrigation systems were employed in some of the drier regions. The Aztec farmers also were skilful in creating terraced gardens to make the most of the rainfall and to minimise soil erosion. Evidence shows that they employed crop rotation as well as natural fertilisers to enhance the production of their farm products.
A. The Aztecs of Mexico were a nation of accomplished farmers. B. Hernando Cortez discovered farming in Mexico. C. Mexico is blessed with rich farmland and an abundance of food products.
Activity 7 Work with your partner and arrange the jumbled sentences into a good paragraph.
1. Text 1 1) In these rural areas 70 percent of the available agricultural land suffers from dryness and
lack of irrigation. 2) As a result, the crops are usually marginal with hardly enough production to feed the
farmer's family. 3) The first fact to consider is that over 60 percent of the population live in rural
communities. 4) In my country, one of the most urgent problems facing the government today relates to
agriculture. 5) And without irrigation, agricultural production is wholly dependent on the uncertain
rainfall. 6) To understand the nature of this problem one has to look at some of the facts. Your answer: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
24
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Text 2 1) It may be the succession of summers with extremely high temperatures that is to blame. 2) Added to this is the costly array of cooling power drinks that New Yorkers now
consume to keep body temperatures down. 3) The result is high and unwelcome summer electricity and food bills. 4) New Yorkers have recently been complaining that the cost of keeping cool in summer
has sky rocketed. 5) The cost of running an air-conditioner non-stop in the unrelenting heat has doubled over
the last five years. 6) Electricity prices are the main reason for the chorus of complaints. 7) The refrigerator too is having to work overtime. Your answer: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 8 Work alone, look at each sentence. Check (√) whether the sentence is complete or incomplet. Tell what is missing from the sentence, subject or verb.
Sentence Complete Incomplete What’s the problem?
The capital of Indonesia is Jakarta. √
Jakarta a big city. √ no verb
The library 10,000 collections.
Yogyakarta has many attractions.
Many students visit the library everyday.
Finish the project on Saturday.
The library in Building A very large.
Two dictionaries on the shelf in the library.
The librarian will help the students.
The difficult assignment
25
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26
Activity 9 Complete the sentencees using the correct verb forms.
1. (treat) Doctors ___________ patients.
2. (build) Carpenters___________ furniture and houses.
3. (write) A programmer___________ computer software.
4. (prepare) A cook___________ meals.
5. (clean) Window washers___________ windows.
6. (deliver) A mail carrier____________ letters a
7. (help) A salesclerk___________ customers in
8. (serve) A waiter___________ customers in a r
9. (fly) Pilots___________ airplanes.
10. (do) Students___________ homework.
Activity 11 Work individually, take a piece of paper. Write sentences with adjectives and simple present tense. Follow the directions. Example: Name a food and describe it. Noodle is very delicious. I usually cook noodle twice a week.
1. Name a move and describe it.
_______________________________________________ 2. Name a friend and describe him or her.
_______________________________________________ 3. Name a city and describe it.
_______________________________________________ 4. Name an actor and describe him or her.
_______________________________________________ 5. Name a kind of car and describe it.
_______________________________________________ 6. Name a kind of animal and describe it.
_______________________________________________ 7. Describe your campus.
_______________________________________________ 8. Describe your parents (father or mother)
_______________________________________________ Writing Activities Unit Project Describing Place Work by yourself. Then work with a partner to edit each other’s paragraphs. Write a paragraph describing one of places you often visit, for example, your campus, library, house, hospital, laboratory etc.
27
Steps Instruction Note
STEP 1
Write the topic sentence
Begin your paragraph with a sentence that names the place and tells what kind of person lives or work there.
e.g.
This is the library of my campus.
Write your notes here....
STEP 2
Write specific details
Write several specific details that describe the place. e.g. The library has three main rooms.
Write your notes here .....
STEP 3
Write the ending
End your paragraph with a sentencethat tells your feeling or opinion about the place. e.g. I really enjoy reading book in this library.
Notes .....
STEP 4
Edit the first draft
Edit your paragraph with a partner.
(check the list below the table)
Step 5
Write the Final Draft
Write a neat final draft to hand in to your lecturer.
Paragraph Checklist Organization • Does the paragraph begin with a topic sentence? • Does the paragraph have specific details? • Are the specific details in space order?
v
Grammar and Mechanics • Check for capital letters • Check for the spelling • Check for the commas • Is there a period at the end of all the sentences?
Sentence Structure • Check the sentences. Do they have at least one subject and
one verb, and do they express a complete thought? • Does the paragraph contain both simple and compound
sentence?
28
Try to wor
rk using a m
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: _
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opic
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29
Unit 3 Remembering An Important Day
Let’s start Work with your partner, read the model paragraphs and answer the questions.
Questions:
1. What is the topic sentence? Copy it on the line below. Circle and underline the main idea. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What details does the writer include in his description of the day? a. the weather d. things that he did b. places e. his clothing c. other people f. his feelings
3. Give your reason why it was a good day for the writer. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. What words and phrases help to show that the writer is using time order? Write three of them: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Complete these sentences from the paragraph using the simple past form of the verb be. a. It _______ a Saturday. b. Six of my friends __________ there.
An Important Day in My Life
The day of my high school graduation was a good day for me. It was a Saturday. In the
morning, I got dressed. I had a new suit and tie for that day. Then I went to a friend’s
house. Six of my friends were there. Later, we rode to the school together in my
friend’s car. At 2:00 p.m ., all the students in my class entered the hall. My parents and
grandparents were inside the hall, and they took many pictures. The principal called the
names of the honor students first. I was in that group, and I won a prize because I was
the best math student. My family was proud of me that day.
Objectives
Students are able to create a paragraph telling about An Important Day
30
6. Coma.b.
7. Comvera.b.
AWb
com
The da
mornin
house.
friend
grandp
names
the be
mplete thesAt 2.00 P.MThe princip
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Activity 1 Work with below. Circ
SentencSimple Ve
In Unit 1sentences.
1 subject +
2 subjects
1 subject +time.
2 subjects
A commbinations,
ay of my h
ng, I got dr
. Six of m
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se sentencesM., all the spal _______se sentence
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mpound seas in this ex
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31
Em
firs
me
goo
usu
gui
imp
but
mi likes mus
To makst simple sen
And, But,The coord
1. Use an
2. Use bdiffere
3. Use so
Activity 2
Find the fothe verbs V
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ually takes
ide. (Your
portant to
t the view
Activity 3Circle the
2. An
3. I lik
4. Fir
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sic, and her
ke a compontence, and
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nd to add in
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Azkaa is the labora
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ssible. The
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o it is impo
the mount
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32
1. LasLas
2. On___
3. The___
4. My___
5. He ___
6. She___
7. The___
8. I w___
9. It w___
10. 1 le___
8. The
Activity 4Combine conjunctio
st year, my st year, my e day, my c__________e children w__________y friend’s so__________did not talk
__________e believed th__________ere was no e__________
was upset wi__________was just a ch__________earned a les__________
Using ComHere are fo
1. Use a year.
2. Use a or a tiof a secomma
3. Use a cof wor
4. Do notonly tw
Activity 5
e shoes did
4each pair oon in parent
son was sixson was six
children wer__________were in the k__________on picked up__________k to the oper__________hat we had __________emergency.__________ith the child__________hild’s mista__________sson. The ch__________
mmas four rules fo
Ru
comma betw
comma aftime-order wentence. (Exa after then)
comma betwrds or phras
t use a commwo words or
not fit right
of simple setheses.
x years old. x years old. re at home. __________kitchen. I w__________p the phone__________rator. She k__________an emergen__________. The police__________
dren. I had a__________
ake. I had to__________hildren did, __________
or using comules
ween the da
fter a time word at the xception: do)
ween items es.
ma when yor phrases.
t, (but / so)
ntences into
My daughteand mydauMy friend’
__________was not with__________e. He called __________knew our ph__________ncy. She sen__________e officers we__________a serious talk__________ pay a $50 f__________too. (and) __________
mmas.
ate and the
expression beginning
o not use a
in a series
ou connect
I did not bu
o a compou
er was four,ghter was fos little boy __________
h them, (but)__________911. (and)
__________hone numbe__________nt the police__________ere angry, (__________k with them__________fine, (but) __________
__________
He was bo
Yesterday
First, I too
After that
Then I bru
You, Ahm
The studchecked t
Azkaa anlibrary.
I didn’t se
uy them.
und sentence
, (and) four. was there, t__________) __________
__________er and addre__________e to our hou__________so) __________
m, (so) __________
__________
__________
Exa
orn on Janu
y morning, I
ok a shower
t, I had brea
ushed my te
mad, and I a
dents wrotthem, and h
nd all his
ee the Ana o
e. Usethe co
too. (and) __________
__________
__________ess, (but) __________
use, (so) __________
__________
__________
__________
__________
mples
uary 1, 2015
I got up ear
r and got dr
akfast.
eeth.
are in one gr
te their fianded them
friends w
or call her.
oordinating
_________
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_________
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5.
rly.
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roup.
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g
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e
33
Write on y Example:
WhI d WhI w
1. What a
______2. What a
______3. What a
______4. What a
______5. What a
______6. What i
______7. When w
______8. When w
______
A
A
The Simpl
• I was in• You we• Azkaa • My frie
your noteboo
hat are threedo not own
hen were yowas born o
are three foo__________are three pla__________are three pla__________are three thin__________are two thin__________s today’s da__________was your m__________was your fa__________
GrammThe SimplVerbs in th
Azkaa andevery day.
Ana is the f
le Past: Be Singul
n the libraryere here yeswas here twend was at t
Activity 6 Change the
ok. Write an
e things youn a motorc
ou born? (mon January
ods you like__________aces you wa__________aces you oft__________ngs you do __________gs you do o__________ate? (month__________
mother born?__________ather born? (__________
mar and le Past he Simple P
Prese
d Andy wo
fourth-grade
lar Subject
y last night.sterday. wo days agothe concert
e sentences t1. I am he
nswers to th
u do not ownycle, a hor
month/ day/ yy 1, 2015.
e? (and) __________ant to visit? __________ten visit in y__________in the morn
__________on weekend__________h/ day/ year)__________? (month/ da__________(month/ day__________
Vocabu
Past tense d
ent
ork on his
e student.
o last night.
to the past. ere.
he questions
n? (or) rse, or a b
year)
__________(or)
__________your campu__________ning? (in the__________s? (on week__________) __________ay/ year) __________y/ year) __________
ulary
describe eve
s project
• A• W• M• Y
Use was or
s, use comm
boat.
__________
__________us? (and) __________e morning)__________kends) __________
__________
__________
__________
ents that beg
They work
Ana was a2012.
P
Azkaa and I We were therMy friends wYou were he
r were
mas and the
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
gan and end
Pas
ked on their
a senior hig
Plural Sub
were in the re last week
were at the cere two days
words in pa
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
ded in the p
st
project last
gh school s
bject
library yesk. concert last s ago.
arentheses.
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
ast.
t week.
tudent in
terday.
night.
34
1. Wh___
2. How___
3. Wh___
4. Wh___
5. Wh___
6. Wh___
7. Wh___
8. Wh___
Last Fr2. The tra
Yesterd3. You ar
______4. There a
______5. My fam
Last Au6. I am ne
______7. You ar
______8. You an
Last se9. There a
______10. There
______11. My fam
In 1998 Activity 7Work on y
here were yo__________w was the w__________hen you wer__________hen you wer__________hat color wa__________here were yo__________here were yo__________ho were two__________
The SimpIn the simregular ver
Singu
riday, I wasain is on timday,______re my partne__________are six peop__________mily is on vugust,_____ever late for__________re never late__________nd I are nevemester,___are not four__________is never mu
__________mily is not h8,________
7your notebo
ou at 6:00 p__________weather yes__________re a child, w__________re a child, w__________as your first__________ou in 2004?__________ou in 1994?__________o important __________
ple Past: Vemple past terbs are the s
ular Subjec
s here. me. __________er. __________ple in the ca__________acation. __________r class. __________e for class. __________er partners.
__________r people in o__________uch rain her__________here. __________
ook. Answe
p.m . yesterd__________terday? __________who were yo__________what were y__________t (bicycle / c__________? __________? __________people in th
__________
erb ense affirmsame for all
ct
____
_ three daysar. _ last night.
_______
___ this mo
__________
__________our group. __________re. _________
__________
er the questi
day? __________
__________our best frie__________our favorite__________car)? __________
__________
__________he history o__________
mative stateml subjects.
s ago.
orning.
_____ yeste
__________
______ a w
last year.
__________
ons in comp
__________
__________ends? __________e stories or T__________
__________
__________
__________of your coun__________
ments, regu
erday.
__________
week ago.
__________
plete senten
__________
__________
__________TV shows? __________
__________
__________
__________ntry? __________
ular verbs
Plural Su
______
______
nces. Use wa
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
all end in
ubject
as or were.
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
–ed. Also,
,
35
(+) Azkaafinished his assignment last night.
(-) Azkaadid not finish his assignment last night.
(?) Did Azkaafinish his assignment last night?
(+) My friends worked late last night.
(-) My friends did not work late last night.
(?) Did your friends work late last night?
Activity 8 Write the simple past tense form of each verb and make sentences using those verbs.
1. listen listened My friend listened to the news about volcaneerruption last night. 2. smile ______ ____________________________________________________ 3. need ______ ____________________________________________________ 4. stay ______ ____________________________________________________ 5. cry ______ ____________________________________________________ 6. plan ______ ____________________________________________________ 7. carry ______ ____________________________________________________ 8. decide ______ ____________________________________________________ 9. ask ______ ____________________________________________________ 10. fix ______ ____________________________________________________ 11. book ______ ____________________________________________________
Activity 9 Complete the sentences using the words given. Use the simple past.
1. I/ take / a trip with my family In 1998, I took a trip with my family.
2. he / go / to his grandparents’ house Last summer, _________________ _____________________
3. my cousins / come / to visit me ________________________________last year.
4. she / make / an important decision Two years ago,___________________________
5. they / leave / early ___________________________________ yesterday morning.
6. the children / have / fun _________________________________last weekend.
7. I / get / home at 8:00 p.m. ________________________________ yesterday evening.
8. we / buy / new phones Last year,____________________________________
Activity 10 Read the following story, then answer the questions. Write in complete sentences.
Marco Polo was a great traveler. He was born in Venice in 1254.At age seventeen, he left Venice with his father and his uncle. Theybegan a 5,600-mile trip across Asia. It took them three and a halfyears, but they finally reached Beijing. Beijing was the capital city ofKublai Khan, the powerful ruler of Mongolia and China. He liked MarcoPolo and gave him work to do. Polo spent seventeen years in China,and he got rich there. He finally made the long trip back to Venice in1295. Later, he wrote the story of his travels. His book was a greatsuccess in Europe. Polo died in 1324, but
36
Europeans continued toread his book. In fact, for almost 600 years, they depended on hisbook for information about China.
Adapted from: http://www.history.com/topics/exploration/marco-polo
1. Who was Marco Polo? _____________________________________
2. When was he born? _____________________________________
3. Where was he born? _____________________________________
4. Where did he go on his 5,600-mile trip? _____________________________________
5. How long did the trip take? _____________________________________
6. Who was Kublai Khan? _____________________________________
7. How long di Marco Polo stay in China? _____________________________________
8. What did Marco Polo do after his return to Europe?
_____________________________________________________________________
Activity 11
Work alone or with your partner. Find and correct 33 errors in verbsin this paragraph. Can you find them all?
It's all in the past
I wake up yesterday morning and I get out of bed. It is a beautiful day. The sun
was shining and the wind was blowing. I decide that I would go for a walk. I start by
walking down my road. I push open my gate and close it behind me. I walk for miles and
miles along a country road. I even visit my aunt. Along the way I pass a young man
selling fruit. ‘How much are the apples?’ I ask. ‘£1 for a bag,’ he say. I pay the man and I
continue to walk. I eat all of the apples except for one, which I drop on the ground, they
are delicious.
After a while I meet another man, this man have a camel. The camel was a special
camel, it have no humps. ‘What is his name?’ I ask the man. ‘His name is Humphree,’
say the man.
I walk for a very long time, soon the sun begin to go down. It is beautiful, I love
sunsets. I get home at about 12:30. I is very tired, normally I go to bed at 10:00. I put on
my pyjamas, rub my hands together and went straight to bed. As soon as my head hit the
pillow I fall asleep. That is the best walk of my life, I love it. The next day I call my
mother and tell her all about it.
Adapted from:http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/past-simple-tense-find-all-
mistakes
37
Writing Activities Unit Project You are going to write a paragraph telling about a day that your remember well (you can look at Activity 1). Pay attention to the steps below:
Step 1: Prewrite
1) Get ready to write by doing prewriting activity. Choose one of these activities:
• Make notes in time order about what happened on that day.
• Freewrite about that day for at least five minutes. (tips: freewrite for five minutes,
next read what you wrote and choose idea from your writing.)
2) Work with your partner
Take turns describing your days. Then tell your partner three things you remember about
his or her day.
3) Look at your notes or freewriting
Decide what information is the most important to your description of the day. Circle or
underline it.
Step 2: Write
Write your first draft. Begin with a topic sentence. Make sure your supporting sentences
show why your topic sentence is true.
Step 3: Edit
1) Read your paragraph again. It may help you to read it out loud. Make changes if needed.
2) Edit your paper carefully. Check for mistakes before you show it to anyone.
3) Peer review: Exchange papers with your partner. Follow the Reviewer’s suggestion and
discuss with your lecturer.
4) Return your partner’s paper. Say something nice about his or her paragraph.
5) Look at your own paper. If you do not agree with the comments, ask another students or
your lecturer.
Step 4: Write the Final Draft
1) On your first draft, mark any changes you want to make. Then take another piece of
paper and write a new draft.
2) Edit your new draft carefully, and hand it in to your lecturer. Don’t forget to write it on
your notebook.
38
Chapter 4 Fast Food Is Not Good for Our Health
Chapter Preview
Let’s Start In this unit, you are going to write a paragraph to state your positive and negative opinions related to a particular issue in the community. First, look at the pictures given below, and then answer the questions following. In further, state your opinion about the pictures within a group. The pictures and group discussion will help us think about what we want to write. Then, pay attention carefully on each explanation and finish the activities given in each step.
Activity 1 Work within a group. Pay attention to the pictures, answer the questions below, and state your opinion orally.
Work with a partner or in a small group. Pay attention on the pictures. State your opinion about the pictures.
Picture 1
Objective
Students are able to write a paragraph stating positive or negative opinion.
39
Picture 2
Picture 3
Use these questions to help you.
Question about model Picture 1
1. What is the girl doing? 2. Is it fine if a child likes to do the activity in the picture? 3. What is probably she watching from the device? 4. Should parents watch the child when she/he is playing with the device?
Question about model Picture 2
1. What are the children doing? 2. How long in a day can they watch the television? 3. What kind of program can they watch from the television? 4. What should we concern about the issue?
Question about model Picture 3
1. What is the picture about? 2. Are the food and drinks in the picture healthy? 3. How often do you eat the food? 4. Can the food give us advantage?
40
Part 1 : Organization
Activity 2
Based on the picture, make some list of the positive and negative sides of the pictures. Continue the example that has been done for you.
Positive Negative
Picture 1 • Children can learn about alphabet through video in the cell phone.
• … • … • … • …
• Too long watching video from the cell phone will damage the children’s eyes.
• … • … • … • …
Picture 2 • Children will get much amusement by watching their favorite cartoon movies.
• … • … • … • …
• … • … • … • … • …
Picture 3 • … • … • … • … • …
• … • … • … • … • …
Activity 3
Find 3 issues in your society that can have positive and negative impact
Issue Positive Negative
1.
2.
41
3.
• Acc• Bas
• In m• As • Spe• Fro• My• I ho• I w• It s• I am• I ha• I ha• I am• I th
How to sta
Positive / A
I agree witI share the I have no oI approve oI have comWe are of oquestion. It is true th
verb that fo
Pay attenti
Vocabul
Howto sta
cording to msed on my b
my opinionfar as I am
eaking persoom my poiny view / opinold the view
would say theems to mem under theave the feelave no doubm sure / I amhink / consid
ate positive
Agree
th you / himview that ..
objection. of it.
me to the samone mind /
hat...
Grammar
Using Mod
Modals areollows it. Th
on to these
laries
ate an opini
my opinionbest knowle
, ... concerned,onally, ...
nt of view, ..nion / belief
w that ... at ...
e that ... e impressioning that ... bt that ... m certain thder / find / f
and negativ
m / the view ..
me conclusiof the same
Focus
dals
e special verhey have a
examples:
ion
… edge…
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43
Pay attention on the following paragraph. Arrange the jumbled sentences into good paragraph. Write the correct paragraph here: -________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Global warming is serious threat to Earth, causing many harmful effects on the environment and the ozone layer (which protect Earth from sun rays).
The first reason for global warming is deforestation. Many trees get cut. They clean the air. This leads to global warning.
To reduce the effect of global warming, people that cut trees should replant new trees instead
The second reason for global warming is garbage. Too much packages around things we buy and too many plastic bags cause global warning.
It is clear that we must reduce the things we buy, recycle the garbage we make and not use so many things. The last reason for global warming is fossil fuels.
Fossil fuels are burned for energies. If we did not burn the fossil fuels we will not have global warming. Smoke from factories, industries and mainly nuclear plants cause global warming is not from one country but countries all over the world
Smoke needs to stop and that means no ore fossil fuels. We need to make more fuel-efficient vehicles and find other ways to make power. If we use everything the proper way, we can reduce global warming and earth will be saved.
1
2
5
7
6
3
4
44
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Writing an Argumentative Paragraph Write an argumentative paragraph on one of the topics below. Your paragraph should:
1. State your opinion
2. Provide evidence: give at least 2 reasons why your opinion is correct. You may use any of the following as proof to support your opinion: a. Facts or statistics b. Events c. Anecdotes (references to personal experience) d. Statements from experts
3. End with a concluding comment and suggestion
Begin your assignment by following each step outlined below
Step One : Choose a question to write about
a. Should we ban smoking in public places? b. Do children need to stay away from TV? c. Do people really need vegetable for their daily diet?
Step Two: Fill out the chart below in point form.
Topic sentence
Clearly state your opinion about the chosen topic.
Smoking in public
Evidence
List at least 2 reasons to support your opinion. You may use:
a. Facts or statistics
b. Events c. Anecdotes
(references to
45
personal experience)
d. Statements from experts
Concluding Sentence
Restate your opinion, and make a recommendation
Step Three: Write your rough draft
Step Four: Edit and Revise your rough draft
Use the following checklist to make sure your paragraph meets the requirements of opinion writing and paragraph structure.
Does your paragraph…
a. Begin with a topic sentence that clearly states your opinion about the topic you have chosen?
b. Have at least two pieces of evidence that supports your opinion? c. End with a concluding sentence that restates your opinion, and makes a
recommendation? d. Have sentences that begin with capitals? e. Have punctuation at the end of each sentence? f. Have all words spelled correctly?
Be sure to make correction
Sharing
46
a. Group Proofreading
Chapter 5
THEREFORE, EDUCATION IS A SIGNIFICANT ASPECT FOR LIFE
Let’s Start
In this unit the students are required to be able to write an essay with complete organization. Introduction, contents, and conclusion are required to use those parts in an essay. Follow the steps explained in the book to create a good essay.
Chapter Preview
Activity 1
Listen to the recording, and then answer the questions below!
1. What does the man want to do after he graduates?
A. He wants to become a teacher.
B. He hopes to go on to graduate school.
C. He'd like to work at a hotel.
Objective
Students are able to write an essay with complete organization i.e. introduction, contents, and conclusion.
47
2. What is the woman majoring in?
A. history
B. French
C. computer science
3. How does the woman pay for college?
A. She has a part-time job.
B. She received a scholarship.
C. Her parents are paying for it.
4. Where does the man work part-time?
A. at a bakery
B. in a library
C. at a restaurant
5. What thing did the man NOT say about his job?
A. His co-workers are friendly.
B. He works long hours.
C. The pay is okay.
Activity 2
Pay attention to the example of the article below!
The Significance of Education for the Future
Education is an essential tool for bright future for all of us. We can achieve anything good in the life using the tool of education. Higher level of education helps people in earning social and family respect and unique recognition. Education provides ability to solve any big social and family and even national and international level problems. No one of us can unseen the importance of education in the life in every aspect. It turns the minds towards positivity in the life and removes all the mental problems and negativity.
In addition, education also changes the people’s thought by bringing positive thoughts and removing negative thoughts. Our parent plays a great role in turning our mind towards education from childhood. They try their best to give us good education from the popular educational institutions. It provides us opportunity to gain technical and highly skilled knowledge as well as enlarge people’s views all over the world. Best ways to enhance the skill and knowledge level is to get practiced of reading news paper, seeing educational programs on TV, reading books of good authors, etc. Education makes us more civilized and better educated. It helps us in making better position in the society and achieves dreamed position in the job.
48
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49
There are only seven coordinating conjunctions in the English language, and they are often remembered by using the acronym “FANBOYS": for, and, nor, but, or, yet and so.
• SubordinatingSubordinating conjunctions connect two groups of words by making one into a subordinating clause. The subordinating clause acts as one huge adverb, answering the questions “when" or “why" about the main clause, or imposing conditions or opposition on it.
Here are some examples of subordinating conjunctions changing a clause into adverbial subordinating clauses in different ways:
• I can go shopping after I finish studying for my exam. (when) • Because the night was young, Gertrude decided to take a walk. (why) • I’ll give you a dime if you give me a dollar. (condition) • Although he never figured out why, Hanna winked on her way out the door. (opposition)
Note: The subordinating conjunction does not always come between the two clauses it connects. Often, it comes at the beginning of the first clause.
• Correlative
Coordinating conjunction:
FOR AND NOR BUT OR YET SO
Subordinating Conjunction:
Time Cause Condition Contrast
After
As
Before
since
Until
When
While
Because
Since
If
Whether
Although
Even though
Though
While
Connecting paragraphs:
Adding more opinions Contrasting opinions
In addition …
Moreover …
Furthermore …
Besides …
However …
On the other hand …
In contrast …
50
Correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs. They are similar to coordinating conjunctions because they join sentence elements that are similar in importance.
The following are some examples of coordinating conjunctions:
Both, and: Both Rodney and Xing made the varsity team this year. Neither, nor: Neither Rodney nor Xing made the varsity team this year. Not only, but also: Not only did Rodney make the varsity team, but he also become one of the strongest players.
Activity 4
A subordinating conjunction connects a dependent clause to an independent clause.
Complete the following sentences using appropriate subordinating conjunctions.
[when, while, where, though, although, till, before, unless, as, after, because, if, that, since]
1. We were happy ………………. we received the first prize.
2. The people were listening eagerly ……………….. the leader was speaking.
3. This is the place ………………. we were attacked.
4. ………………… he worked hard, he failed.
5. ……………………. she is beautiful, she is not intelligent.
6. You wait here ……………. I come.
7. She will not come …………….. we compel her.
8. There was a silence ……………….. the guests had gone.
9. She began to cry ………………… she had lost her golden chain.
10. …………………… you work hard, you will get the first prize.
11. She became angry …………………. I had said anything.
Activity 5
Fill the blank parts of the table below, and use the following conjunction under the table to make a paragraph correctly.
51
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52
choice. If you are given the topic, you should think about the type of paper that you want to produce. Should it be a general overview of the subject or a specific analysis? Narrow your focus if necessary.
2. Prepare an outline or diagram of your ideas. In order to write a successful essay, you must organize your thoughts. By taking what’s already in your head and putting it to paper, you are able to see connections and links between ideas more clearly. This structure serves as a foundation for your paper. Use either an outline or a diagram to jot down your ideas and organize them.
3. Write your thesis statement. Now that you have chosen a topic and sorted your ideas into relevant categories, you must create a thesis statement. Your thesis statement tells the reader the point of your essay. Look at your outline or diagram. What are the main ideas?
Your thesis statement will have two parts. The first part states the topic, and the second part states the point of the essay. For instance, if you were writing about Bill Clinton and his impact on the United States, an appropriate thesis statement would be, “Bill Clinton has impacted the future of our country through his two consecutive terms as United States President.”
4. Write the body. The body of your essay argues, explains or describes your topic. Each main idea that you wrote in your diagram or outline will become a separate section within the body of your essay.
Each body paragraph will have the same basic structure. Begin by writing one of your main ideas as the introductory sentence. Next, write each of your supporting ideas in sentence format, but leave three or four lines in between each point to come back and give detailed examples to back up your position. Fill in these spaces with relative information that will help link smaller ideas together.
5. Write the introduction. Now that you have developed your thesis and the overall body of your essay, you must write an introduction. The introduction should attract the reader’s attention and show the focus of your essay.
Begin with an attention grabber. You can use shocking information, dialogue, a story, a quote, or a simple summary of your topic. Whichever angle you choose, make sure that it ties in with your thesis statement, which will be included as the last sentence of your introduction.
6. Write the conclusion. The conclusion brings closure of the topic and sums up your overall ideas while providing a final perspective on your topic. Your conclusion should consist of three to five strong sentences. Simply review your main points and provide reinforcement of your thesis.
7. Add the finishing touches. After writing your conclusion, you might think that you have completed your essay. Wrong. Before you consider this a finished work, you must pay attention to all the small details.
53
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54
reading books of good authors, etc. Education makes us more civilized and better educated. It helps us in making better position in the society and achieves dreamed position in the job.
Content On the other hand, Indonesia still has low level of education. It seems that the education provided cannot be enjoyed by all citizens evenly. Some people still find it difficult to access a proper education because of some particular reasons. High tuition for high education still becomes the most crucial problem for them. Furthermore, distance also plays significant aspect to get the best educational service. People who live in remote areas in Indonesia such as Aceh and Papua tend to have lower rate of education level. Education is supposed to be the most priority of the government to scaffold the quality of education in Indonesia.
Conclusion It can be concluded that education becomes an important aspect to build people’s future. it provides the best knowledge as it is needed for people to lift their quality of life. People can be everything they want to be as long as they get the most suitable education for them. However, Indonesian government still needs to increase the education service in order to provide the best education for all citizens.
Student’s Activity
1. Find the topic sentence in every paragraph! Paragraph Topic Sentence
Pr. 1
Pr. 2
Pr. 3
Pr. 4
55
2. Fin
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56
Write your mind mapping here
Step Three
Write your sentences here:
Title
Introduction
Body 1
introduction •
contents
conclusion
57
Body 2
Conclusion
Step Four: Check!!!
1. Make sure that you have Subject and Predicate in each sentence 2. Make sure that you have a topic sentence in every paragraph 3. Make sure that you use the most proper conjunctions 4. Make sure that you have the aspect of introduction, body of paragraph, and conclusion
Topics
• whether it is possible to take a vacation from your problems • whether families today are closer than they used to be. • whether smoking in public should be banned • whether old people should go to nursing homes
58
Chapter 6
Writing an Abstract
Objectives: After the lesson, the students will be able to
Part 1: Let’s get started
Have you ever done a research before? Did you make a research report?
Have you ever published your research result?
Have you ever written an abstract before?
Part 2: An Abstract
The importance of a well-written abstract can hardly be overstated. Evaluators, editors or judges
invariably turn first to the abstract to grasp the intent and content of a presentation or paper. The abstract
should be comprehensible, apart from the presentation or text, and should be able to stand alone.
An abstract is a summarized version of a longer piece of writing that highlights the major points
covered, and briefly describes the content and scope of the writing. Abstracts give readers a chance to
quickly see what the main contents and sometimes methods of a piece of writing are. They enable readers
to decide whether the work is of interest for them. Using key words in an abstract is important because of
today’s electronic information systems. A web search will find an abstract containing certain key words.
There are 2 main types of abstract. They are
1. Descriptive
It provides a description of the report's main topic and purpose as well an overview of its contents.
2. Informative
It provides information from the body of the report— the key facts , conclusions and summarizes the key
information from every major section in the body of the report.
An abstract usually consists of
Objective:
The students are able to write their own abstract correctly.
59
• a title; identical to the title of the thesis
• the name of the author
• the date of the thesis
• where the thesis is submitted or published
• the main topic of the thesis
• the purpose of the thesis
• the methods used to research information
• further sub-sections within the thesis
• results, conclusions, or recommendations
A good abstract has the following qualities. Those qualities are
• uses one or more well developed paragraphs: these are unified, coherent, concise
• uses an introduction/body/conclusion structure which presents the purpose, results,
conclusions, and recommendations
• follows the chronology of the thesis
• provides logical connections between the information included
• adds no new information, but simply summarizes
• often uses passive verbs to downplay the author and emphasize information
Abstract and thesis titles should be kept as short and sweet as possible and be to the point. There are
simple rules for the use of capital letters in titles, headings and subheadings in English, including abstract
and thesis titles. These are:
• headings and sub-headings should not end with full stops
• do not place headings and sub-headings within quotation marks
• . first and last word should always be capitalized
• do not capitalize articles (the, a, an), prepositions (to, from, with, over, etc.), or
coordinating conjunctions (and, for, or, nor, etc.)
• do capitalize nouns, verbs (even short ones like Is), adverbs, adjectives, subordinating
conjunctions (Although, Because, Due to, etc.) and pronouns (He, Their, etc.)
Examples thesis headings:
60
The Relationship between Teacher Attitudes of Sexual Education Towards Adolescents and
the Implementation of Sexual Education at the State Of Junior High School (SMPN) 1
PajanganBantul 2013
The Effectiveness of Moisture Balance Wound Care Method in Healing Diabetic Ulcers at
Wound Care Clinic, Faculty of Health Sciences, UMM.
Introduction (usually in present, could also be in present perfect or simple past tense):
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of ... on ...
The goals of this study are to determine …
The primary purpose of this study is to determine …
This study is specifically concerned with the effect of … on …
This study is an initial attempt to investigate the relationship …
This study has two major purposes: (1) to investigate ... (2) to demonstrate …
The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of …
The major objective of this study is to …
The aim/topic/goal of the present paper is to …
This thesis discusses/describes/analyses/studies/focuses on/deals with …
This study/experiment/research/survey was aimed at developing/improving/testing …
The project was designed to …
Materials and Methods (in past tense):
This study was conducted in North Karelia / at North Karelia Polytechnic.
The empirical part of this study was conducted in May 2000.
Data for this study/research were collected/gathered/obtained from/by/through/with the
help of/among …
The subjects of this study were …
The subjects were randomly selected.
The sample was selected from …
Twenty companies served as subjects in a study designed to investigate …
Six groups, each consisting of …, were formed to …
Twenty companies were selected for this investigation.
Using local and national data, this study was designed to investigate.
This questionnaire investigated how companies view their …
61
A questionnaire was distributed/mailed/sent to …
Respondents filled in a form/indicated their preferences/rated each item.
Responses were made on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from … to …
The response rate was …
All 59 subjects participated in the study.
Interviews were conducted by/with …
The interviews were recorded on audiotape.
Conclusions (in simple present or past tense):
These results suggest that …
The results show that/reveal …
It was concluded that …
This study/survey shows/supports/questions/implies/indicates …
On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that …
The results provide some support for …(ing)…
The results did not support the expectations that …
These data support the view that …
TASK 1
Work with a partner or in a small group. Read the model abstracts.Both abstracts are from
published journals, but one is poorly written and the other is well written.Answer the questions that follow.
a. First Abstract
Article Title: Elements of an Optimal Experience
Authors: John A. Marin, James E. AmstrongJr, James L. Kays
Abstract
This paper presents and assesses a framework for an engineering capstone design program. We
explain how student preparation, project selection, and instructor mentorship are the three key elements
that must be addressed before the capstone experience is ready for the students. Next, we describe a way
to administer and execute the capstone design experience including design workshops and lead engineers.
We describe the importance in assessing the capstone design experience and report recent assessment
62
results of our framework. We comment specifically on what students thought were the most important
aspects of their experience in engineering capstone design and provide quantitative insight into what parts
of the framework are most important.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2168-9830.1999.tb00405.x/abstract
b. Second Abstract
Article Title: Women Engineers in Kuwait: Perception of Gender Bias
Authors: P.A. Koushi, H.A. Al-Sanad, and A.M. Larkin of Kuwait University
Abstract
The greatest obstacle to the development of policies for the curtailment of gender bias is lack of
information on the scope and effects of the problem. This study represents an attempt to quantify
attitudes toward gender bias among profession women engineers working in the State of Kuwait. The
major findings that emerged were as follows: a) Since 1970, Kuwait has witnessed an enormous growth
rate in the participation of women in higher education. b) With respect to the job-related factors of salary
scale, professional treatment, responsibility, benefits, and vacation, a clear majority (68%) of the
professional Kuwaiti women engineers surveyed expressed a feeling of equality with or even superiority to
their male counterparts. c) The one job-related factor in which significant gender bias was found to be in
operation was that of promotion to upper management positions. In this criterion, the women engineers
surveyed felt “less than equal” to their male colleagues.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264467276_Women_Engineers_in_Kuwait_Perception_of_Gender_Bias
1. What do you think about the first abstract? Can it be categorized as a good abstract? Why?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. What do you think about the second abstract? Can it be categorized as a good abstract?
Why?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Write 3 comments for each paragraph? Which part makes it good/bad abstract?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Can you identify the components of the abstracts in both of them?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TASK 2
Answer the following questions.
1. The purpose of an abstract is which of the following?
63
a. To provide vague information about your topic without giving away too much
b. To provide a concise overview of your topic and results, making it easy for a reader to
understand your topic
c. To introduce your topic and provide keywords for search engines and databases
d. None of these answers are correct
2. Which of these three things is not necessary in an abstract for a research paper?
a. Additional information not included in the research paper
b. Summary of info in your paper
c. Summary of your key research
d. Keywords
3. If your abstract contained a problem, participants, a study method, some basic conclusions
and findings, you would be writing an abstract for which type of paper?
a. Literature review
b. Methodology Paper
c. Case Study
d. Empirical Study
4. What is the purpose of including keywords in your abstract?
a. To help your abstract stand out in search engines and databases
b. To let your reader know what you are specifically discussing in your paper
c. Both answers are correct
d. Neither answer is correct
TASK 3
1. Look at the Components of an Abstract again and order the sentences to form an abstract.
2. Decide which keywords you would use for this abstract.
3. Decide the type of the abstract.
a) Abstract
The participants were 30 volunteer students, 15 male and 15 female who have recently
graduated from the Biology Department of Red Tree University.
The participants were asked what influence biology education has on their attitudes
regarding world peace and humanity.
64
The
stu
The
the
livin
The
atti
In a
pea
b) K
c) T
Part 3: Gram
Voi
is the recei
action; in th
passive voic
e results ind
dents regar
e responses
ey have mor
ng creature
e aim of th
itudes in te
addition, th
ace. Biology
Keywords: .
ype of the a
mmar and V
ce refers to t
iver of the a
he passive v
ce can be qu
dicated that
rding huma
s of the part
re self- awa
es.
his study w
rms of hum
hey reporte
y has always
..................
abstract: ...
Vocabulary
the form of
action. Whe
voice, the su
ite useful.
t biology ed
nity and wo
ticipants in
areness and
was to exam
manity and w
ed they had
s been a be
..................
..................
P
a verb that i
en a sentenc
ubject receiv
ducation ha
orld peace.
dicated tha
have great
mine wheth
world peace
d the feelin
neficial disc
...................
..................
PASSIVE VOIC
ndicates wh
ce is written
es the actio
as some pos
at, at the en
ter capacity
her biology
e.
ng that the
cipline for t
..................
..................
CE
en a gramm
n in the acti
n.An abstrac
sitive impac
nd of four ye
to love hum
y education
ey could co
he human b
..................
..................
atical subjec
ve voice, th
ct is one of
cts on attitu
ear biology
man beings
n has any i
ntribute to
beings.
.………………
..................
ct performs t
he subject p
those place
udes of the
education,
s and all the
impacts on
o the world
……
.......
the action or
erforms the
s where the
e
,
e
n
d
r
e
e
65
Where will I meet the passive?
• in newspapers
• on signs and notices
• in scientific language
Use the passive when:
• You don’t know the person, e.g. Somebody stole my car.
• The person is not important, e.g. They built this church in 1815.
• It is obvious, who did the action, e.g. The police arrested the criminal
TASK 4
66
provided or
1. My
2. Lun
3. The
4. The
5. The
6. She
7. The
8. Five
9. The
10. Wh
1. wri
Task 5
Using the
r a suitable m
y car won’t s
nch _______
e money __
e newspape
e book ____
e _________
e suggestion
e new teach
ere are not
hen you go t
Part 4: The
To write an
te the abst
passive voic
modal verb.
start. It ___
__________
_____ alread
er ________
________ (p
__ (examin
n ________
hers ______
enough hos
through cus
e Writing Pro
n effective a
ract after yo
ce, complete
__________
_____ (serv
dy _______
_______ (de
publish) in 2
e) by the do
_______ (dis
_____ (hire
spitl in our
stoms at the
ocess
bstract, follo
ou have fin
e the followi
_ (repair) rig
ve) at 11.30
_ (withdraw
eliver) befo
2001.
octor tomo
scuss) at ou
) last month
area. A new
e airport, yo
ow these ste
ished the re
ng sentence
ght now.
yesterday.
) from the A
re 7.00 A.M
rrow.
ur next mee
h.
w hospital (m
our luggage
ps:
esearch rep
s with the c
ATM.
M everyday.
eting.
must,build)
e _________
port or thesi
orrect tense
soon.
___ (will, se
is
e of the verb
earch).
b
67
2. identify the aims, methods, scope, results, conclusions, and recommendations of your
thesis in key words
3. use your headings and table of contents as a guide to writing your abstract when you have
finished use spellcheck software
4. show the abstract to someone who has not read your thesis and ask him / her if the
abstract makes good sense
The length of Abstracts is 150–350 words should be enough for an abstract for a bachelor’s or master’s
thesis. A short abstract can be a single paragraph. Or you can divide your abstract into short paragraphs:
1. First paragraph: state what the thesis is about, give a simple statement of aims and
methods
2. Second paragraph: explain the structure of the thesis and say something about the content
3. Third paragraph: give a concluding statement, including a short summary of the results
TASK 6
Write one or two short sentences on each of the following key points of your
research:
1. Your aim or research question … and why your research was
needed – the context
2 How you did it
Your approach and methods
3 What you found What your research shows or
suggests
68
4 Conclusions why it matters (for practice,
understanding, knowledge)
Adapted from Williams K, Bethell E, Lawton J, Parfitt-Brown C, Richardson M and Rowe V (2011). Completing your PhD. Basingstoke: Palgrave
Macmillan.
Task 6
Rewrite it either as four short paragraphs or as one long paragraph. Read your paragraph again.
Make changes if needed. Edit your paragraph carefully. Check for mistakes before you showit to anyone.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................……
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….............................……………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................…………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................……………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………...........................
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................……
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................…
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................……
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................………
69
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................……………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................…………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................……………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................…………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….……………............................……………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……………...........................
Enjoying Passive Voice Exercise
She Will Be Loved by Maroon 5
Beauty queen of only 1. _____________ _________ had some trouble with herself He was always there to help _________ She always belonged to someone else I drove for miles and miles And wound up at your ________ I've had you _______ many times but somehow I want more I _______ ___________ spending everyday Out on your corner in the pouring rain Look for the girl with the ______________ smile Ask her if she wants to stay awhile And she will be loved She will be loved Tap on my window knock on my door I want to make you feel ___________ I know I tend to get _____ insecure It doesn't matter anymore
It's not always rainbows and butterflies It's compromise that moves us along, yeah My heart is ________ and my door's always _________ You can come anytime you want *Repeat Chorus I know where you hide Alone in your _________ Know all of the things that make you who you ____ I know that goodbye means nothing at all Comes back and begs me to catch her every time she falls Tap on my window knock on my door I want to make you feel beautiful *Repeat Chorus Please don't try so hard to say goodbye Please don't try so hard to say goodbye I don't mind spending everyday Out on your corner in the pouring rain
LET’S SING
70
Chapter 7
You've G
b. Do
pho
c. How
d. Wh
e. Hav
oft
Part 2: Lett
Lett
party to an
letters. The
7
ot Mail
Part 1: Let’s
a. How
you write
one, or use
w often do
hat email pr
ve you han
en do you s
ers
ters are a fo
other, to co
former is us
Informa
INF
Objective
The stude
s get started
w do you ke
letters, em
a social net
you send e
rovider do y
nd-written
send letters
rm of writte
onvey the m
sed for profe
al letters and
FORMAL LET
e
ents are abl
d
eep in touch
mails, speak
tworking sit
emails? How
you use? (i.
a letter an
s and to wh
en communic
essage. The
essional purp
d Postcard
TTER
e to write le
h with your
k on the te
te such as F
w many em
.e. Hotmail
nd sent it t
hom?
cation, which
re are two t
poses, while
etters to co
family and
elephone,
Facebook?
mail account
, Gmail, Yah
to someone
h contains in
types of lett
the later is u
ommunicate
friends?
send cards
ts do you ha
hoo etc.)
e? If no, w
nformation o
ters, i.e. form
used for pers
e effectively
s, text using
ave/need?
why not? I
or message,
mal letters a
sonal purpos
y.
g a mobile
f yes, how
send by one
and informal
es.
e
w
e
l
71
Info
friends, cou
to the pers
Lots of love
Loo
ormal or per
usins, aunts,
on. You sign
e etc.
ok at the exa
Task 1
Circle
1. Annisa
2. Annisa
3. Aina ha
4. Aina liv
rsonal letter
uncles, etc.
n an informa
mple of an in
e True or Fals
is from Yog
will go to J
as been to B
ves in Yogya
rs are those
Informal lett
al or persona
nformal lette
se for these s
gyakarta.
akarta for h
Bali.
akarta.
you write t
ters should b
al letter usin
er below and
sentences.
her next ho
to people yo
be friendly, c
ng phrases li
d do the exer
liday.
ou know – f
chatty and re
ke – Best W
rcises that fo
True
True
True
True
family, sister
elaxed as you
Wishes, Love,
ollow
Fals
Fals
Fals
Fals
rs, brothers,
u are talking
Yours truly,
se
se
se
se
,
g
,
72
---------------
---------------
---------------
---------------
---------------
---------------
---------------
---------------
---------------
---------------
---------------
---------------
---------------
---------------
5. The
compe
Task 2
Look at the
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
volleyball
etition.
e following l
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
team h
etter and rew
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
has won
write correct
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
the
tly using cap
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
True
pital letters, c
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
--------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
Fals
commas, and
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
se
d full stops.
-----------------
-----------------
-----------------
-----------------
-----------------
-----------------
-----------------
-----------------
-----------------
-----------------
-----------------
-----------------
-----------------
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
73
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Look at the following envelope and note where the address goes and the use of capital letters, commasand
full stops.
Task 3
Address the envelope below to yourself.
74
Postcards a
There is no
sentence fo
Wr
Wr
your friend.
POS
are usually s
ot much spa
orms.
ite your me
ite the add
Task 4
Imagine yo
.
STCARD
sent to frien
ace in a pos
essage on th
ress on the
u went to o
ds and relat
stcard. So y
he left side
right side o
one of the fo
tives letting
you usually
of the card
of the card.
ollowing plac
them know
mention jus
.
ces. Use the
w how your
st a few thi
plan below
holiday or t
ngs and use
and write a
trip is going.
e shortened
postcard to
.
d
o
75
1. Yog
2. Bal
3. Sol
4. Jak
5. Lom
PLAN:
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
company. W
to the point
message to
make a boo
In form
• The
• The
han
gyakarta
i
o
karta
mbok
1 – where ar
2 – what’s th
3 – closing re
Formal
We
We do not w
t.Formal lett
o the editor o
oking for a ho
al letters, th
e sender's a
e address o
nd side.
e you going
he weather li
emarks
letter
write form
write in a cha
ters are usua
of a newspa
oliday, invite
ere are seve
address (you
f the compa
and where a
ke, what are
mal letters to
tty manner o
ally writtento
per, ask for
e someone to
eral points to
ur address),
any/person
are you stayi
e you doing,
o a bank, a
or use slang
o apply for a
r something
o an or a cele
o note:
, is on the to
n to whom t
ng?
who are you
doctor, the
. Formal lett
a job, make a
– a form, an
ebration, etc
op right han
the letter is
u with, and w
e local coun
ters are busi
a complaint,
n appointme
c.
nd corner.
s being sent
what are they
ncil, your la
ness like and
order somet
ent, ask for i
t is written
y doing?
ndlord or a
d get quickly
thing,send a
information,
on the left-
a
y
a
,
-
76
• When you do not know the name of the person to whom you are writing, you may start
with 'Dear Sir/Madam'.
• If you begin with 'Dear Sir/Madam', you end the letter with 'Yours faithfully', and your full
name.
• If you know the name of the person you are sending the letter to e.g. Dear Ms Smith, you
end the letter with ‘Yours sincerely’ and your full name.
• Remember to use capital letters, full stops and commas.
Task 5
Circle True or False for these sentences.
1. You should use polite expressions and formal grammatical
structures.
True False
2. You can use contractions in a formal letter. True False
3. When you do not know the name of the person to whom
you are writing, you use dear Miss/Mr/Mrs.
True False
4. You should use formal style for a person you don't know. True False
5. If you begin with 'Dear Sir/Madam', you end the letter with
'Yours faithfully', and your full name.
True False
Look at the example of the formal letter and do the excersise
77
Could you t
2. Do I need
Please let m
3. How muc
Would you
4. Do you h
Could you t
Task 6
Rewrite the
1. When doe
ell me …………
d to do a leve
me know ……
ch does the c
mind telling
ave native te
ell me …………
direct quest
es the course
……………………
el test?
……………………
course cost?
me ……………
eachers?
……………………
tions as indir
e start?
……………………
……………………
……………………
……………………
rect question
……………………
……………………
……………………
……………………
ns.
……………………
……………………
……………………
……………………
……………….
………………..
………………….
………………..
78
5. When do
I would be g
6. Is the acc
I would like
digital mes
similar to t
including ot
Parts of Em
o your course
grateful if yo
commodatio
to know if …
Task 7
Write a wor
Emails
Electron
sages. Form
hose for a le
ther organiza
ail
es begin?
ou could tell
n near the sc
……………………
d to fill the g
nic mail, mo
mal emails ar
etter, but sh
ations.
me ……………
chool?
……………………
gaps and com
ost common
re similar to
hould be bri
…………………
……………………
mplete the le
ly abbreviat
o letters.An
efer. Send c
…………………
……………………
etter.
ed email or
effective em
copies of you
………………
…………………..
e-mail, is a
mail letter s
ur letter to t
a method of
should follow
the appropr
f exchanging
w guidelines
riate people,
g
s
,
79
The Header section contains details about the email.
From -Displays who sent (or is sending) the email.
To - Automatically filled in with the main client's email address if this email is being created
from a client or session record. The information in the field can be changed, if desired.
CC - Type any additional email addresses here that you want to have carbon copied on this
email.
BCC - If you want this email copied to another email address that won't be visible to the
recipient (blind carbon copy), you can add the email address here.
Subject - Remember that proper "netiquette" requires you to fill in a subject line. It is even
more important for business email. Some email filters will automatically put email with a
blank subject into a junk folder or even delete it. The Subject is more important than the
email itself, it should be focused, clear and informative.
Strong Subjects:
• Invitation to the Seminar, February 14th, 20017
Weak Subjects:
• [blank]
80
• Application for English teacher.
• Agenda for the meeting on Monday, 10am
• Invoice
• Hi, Hello, How are you?
Attachments-On a new email, any attachments will be shown here by file name. Right-click
to remove an attachment. On a saved email, the names of the attached files are just
displayed.
Sent - This field is only available when recording a new completed email. Once an email has
been sent or saved, the day and date will be in the upper-right corner of the email header
section.
Home tab
File Group
Save - Save the current email and leave it open for reference or additional modifications.
Save & Close - Save the email and close the email window.
Save & New - Save the email and open a new, blank email.
Delete - Delete the open email record.
Respond Group
Reply - Reply to a received email message.
Reply All - When replying to a received email message, send the reply to all addressees.
Forward - Forward an email to another email address.
Clipboard Group
You can paste information that you copied or cut from another location or program into a single
field. You can also cut or copy text from a single field for use elsewhere.
Options Group
Spell Check - Check the email for spelling and grammar mistakes.
Attach File - Browse out and find a file to attach to this email.
Mark Unread - Use this button to mark this email as unread.
Signature - Select a signature to be used for this email.
81
Format Group
HTML -
Plain Text -
Linkage Group
Link - Link this email to a client, as well as to a specific session and/or task, if desired. Also use this
button to re-link the message to a different client.
View Group
Client - Open the client associated with this email.
Session - Open the session associated with this email.
Task - Open the task associated with this email.
New Group
Parent Task - Create a new parent task and link this email to it.
Notes Group
View All - Show all notes related to the email, including session notes, invoice notes, etc.
Task 8
Complete the sentences with the right word.
delete / send / attachment / open / CC / link
1. You can _________ an email to one or more people. When you get an email, you must _________ it
before you can read it. With your email, you can include an _____________ (like a photo or document).
2. If you do not want to keep an old email, you can ___________ it.
82
3. You can include a ____________ to a website in your email. If you are sending someone an email, and
you want your manager to see it as well, you can ____________ your manager.
Task 9
Look at the following email and write a reply.
Subject:
From:
To:
Date:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
83
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
Pres
a.
b.
The form of
[Has/h
Examples:
• You
• Hav
• You
You CA
last week, w
the Present
before, so f
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
Gramm
ent Perfect i
Activiti
the pas
Activiti
f present pe
have +
u have seen t
ve you seen t
u have not se
ANNOT use t
when I was a
t Perfect wi
far, already, y
Task 10
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
mar
is used to ex
ies that occ
st
ies (with for
rfect tense
past pa
that movie m
that movie m
een that mov
the Present
a child, whe
ith unspecifi
yet, etc.
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
press
curred or we
r or since) t
articipl
many times.
many times?
vie many tim
Perfect with
n I lived in J
ic expression
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
ere repeate
that began i
e]
mes.
h specific tim
Japan, at tha
ns such as:
Presen
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
ed several t
n the past a
me expression
at moment, t
ever, never
nt Perf
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
imes at som
and continu
ns such as: y
that day, on
r, once, man
fect Te
__________
__________
__________
__________
_________
me unspecif
ue in the pre
yesterday, on
ne day, etc. W
ny times, se
ense
__________
__________
__________
__________
fied time in
esent.
ne year ago,
We CAN use
everal times,
n
,
e
,
84
Select the best answer A, B, C or D.
1. Have you ever .......... to Sulawesi?
a) Flew
b) Went
c) Go
d) Been
2. No I've never .......... there.
a) Been
b) Went
c) Was
d) Existed
3. I've just .......... back from Jakarta.
a) Been
b) Gone
c) Came
d) Come
4. and I've .......... at least two weeks there.
a) Past
b) Passed
c) Spent
d) Spend
5. Have you .......... to the top of the Monas?
a) Flown
b) sat up
c) grown up
d) gone up
6. No, I .......... yet.
85
a) haven't
b) don't
c) Not
d) won't
7. I haven't .......... the ferry to Karimunjawa Island.
a) Taken
b) Swam
c) Jumped over
d) Driven
8. I've just .......... work so hard.
a) Looked
b) Seen
c) Must
d) had to
9.I have .......... dinner at the most expensive restaurant.
a) Had
b) Taken
c) Seen
d) Served
10. I have .......... a musical show.
a) Listened
b) heard
c) seen
d) Taken
Task 11
86
Choose the letter of the underlined word or group of words that is not correct
1. ___ I have just had breakfast so I do not wanted to eat anything.
A B C D
2. ___I am so sorry, sir. I has not finished the homework yet.
A B C D
3. ___I see Tom yesterday but I haven’t seen him today.
A B C D
4. ___ Have you evereaten caviar? No, I have ever eaten caviar.
A B C D
Task 12
Instructions: Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the simple past or the present perfect
(nothing else!).
Dear Bobby,
______________________ in New York for two months now, but ______________________
(I, be) (I, not see)
the Statue of Liberty yet. Yesterday, _________________________________ to Macy's and
(I, go)
_________________________ you some beautiful shirts. ______________________________ to
(I, buy) (I, still not go)
Bloomingdale's or A&S yet.
_____________________ a lot of trouble since ____________________ here. In Times
(I, have) (I, get)
Square, one awful day, two teenagers ________________________ my purse. Since that day,
(steal)
______________________ a lot more careful than _________________ when I lived in Ohio.
(I, be) (I, be)
Last night, ______________________________________ a cab to the theater, and the
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87
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88
languages courses that they offer. Explain what kind of course you are interested in (TOEFL, IELTS,
conversation, general English, etc.) and the cost. Also look for information on places to stay near the
campus.
2. You are the leader of your class. Your class is going to have an outing class in Yogyakarta. Based on the
discussion, they want to go to Sultan Palace, Prambanan Temple, and Merapi Mountain. Write a letter or
an email asking for information to the travel agency regarding such things as the tour,the cost and if there
are any discounts available.
89
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90
4. Further explain other aspects of your resume
By hitting those 4 aspects, your letter can be a convincing and powerful companion to a well-written resume.
Content Format Guide: 4 Steps
1. Contact Information
To begin, include both the employer’s and your contact information. See the example below:
While the example above demonstrates the information you need to include in the section, there are various ways to format it. Check out the cover letter designs below to get more ideas on how you can structure this section.
RG Tip
No spelling or grammar errors! This one really goes without saying. Spelling mistakes make an awful first impression.
2. Introduction
Find out to whom you’re writing
Put yourself in the hiring manager’s shoes for a second. Would you like to be addressed as “Dear Sir or Madame?” or “To whom it may concern?”
“Dear Sir or Madame” makes you sound like you’re from the year 1865, and “to whom it may concern” is very irritating to hiring managers.
You can easily avoid this problem by doing your research. Look through the company’s website, LinkedIn, or even give the company a call to ask for the hiring manager’s name. Even if you get it wrong, it still looks like you’ve made an effort.
Introduce yourself
91
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9295
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Here are some examples of cover letter:
Yogyakarta, August 26th 2014
The Consulate of the Republic of Indonesia in Perth Division of Information, Cultural and Social Affairs134 Adelaide TerracePerth, Western Australia, 6004Australia
Dear Mister /Madam,
I am an English Literature graduate of Yogyakarta State University with several years of
working experience gained from some of Yogyakarta’s reputable private institutions and a non-
governmental organization.
I am writing to apply for the position of Language Assistance. This position particularly
interests me because it would enable me to make full use of my professional teaching and
organizational skills. I have well-developed written and oral communication skills that can be
very useful in carrying out the duties for the above-mentioned position.
On top of these competencies, I adhere to a work ethic and can effectively interact with people
across all levels of the organizational structure. I believe I can be an asset to your organization.
My resume is enclosed with this cover letter. It shows my overall expertise and experience in
the field. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss my suitability for the position and
comply with your other requirements. I can be contacted anytime at 08572751004.
Thank you very much.
Sincerely,
Setya Putri Rahayu S.S., M.A.
9396
1. Standard, conservative style
This is ideal for sectors such as business, law, accountancy and retail. For more creative sectors, a letter like this might be less appealing, and could work against you.
2. Standard speculative letter
This may vary according to the nature of the organisation and the industry you're applying to.
Dear Mr Black,
Please find enclosed my CV in application for the post advertised in the Guardian on 30 November.
The nature of my degree course has prepared me for this position. It involved a great deal of independent research, requiring initiative, self-motivation and a wide range of skills. For one course, [insert course], an understanding of the [insert sector] industry was essential. I found this subject very stimulating.
I am a fast and accurate writer, with a keen eye for detail and I should be very grateful for the opportunity to progress to market reporting. I am able to take on the responsibility of this position immediately, and have the enthusiasm and determination to ensure that I make a success of it.
Thank you for taking the time to consider this application and I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.
Yours sincerely
Dear Mr Brown,
I am writing to enquire if you have any vacancies in your company. I enclose my CV for your information.
As you can see, I have had extensive vacation work experience in office environments, the retail sector and service industries, giving me varied skills and the ability to work with many different types of people. I believe I could fit easily into your team.
I am a conscientious person who works hard and pays attention to detail. I'm flexible, quick to pick up new skills and eager to learn from others. I also have lots of ideas and enthusiasm. I'm keen to work for a company with a great reputation and high profile like [insert company name].
I have excellent references and would be delighted to discuss any possible vacancy with you at your convenience. In case you do not have any suitable openings at the moment, I would be grateful if you would keep my CV on file for any future possibilities.
Yours sincerely
9497
3. Letter for creative jobs
We've used the example of a copywriter but you can adapt it for your profession. The aim of a creative letter is to be original and show you have imagination, but understand what the job entails. Balance is essential: don't be too wacky, or it will turn off the reader.
Activity
After paying attention to the examples of cover letter above, make your own cover letter based on the announcement of job vacancy that you have searched in the internet.
Dear Ms Green,
· Confused by commas?· Puzzled by parenthesis? · Stumped by spelling? · Perturbed by punctuation? · Annoyed at the apostrophe? (And alliteration?)
Well, you're not alone. It seems that fewer and fewer people can write. Unfortunately, there are still a lot of people who can read. So they'll spot a gaffe from a mile off. And that means it's a false economy, unless you're 100% sure of yourself, to write your own materials. (Or to let clients do it for themselves.)
To have materials properly copywritten is, when one considers the whole process of publishing materials and the impact that the client wishes to make, a minor expense. Sloppiness loses clients, loses customers.
There is an answer. Me. Firm quotes are free. You can see some of what I do on my multilingual website at [insert web address]. If you'd like, I can get some samples out to you within 24 hours. And, if you use me, you'll have some sort of guarantee that you can sleep soundly as those tens of thousands of copies are rolling off the presses.
Luck shouldn't come into it!
With kindest regards
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
95
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96
Curriculum Vitae Personal Details
1. Full Name : Setya Putri Rahayu 2. Nick name : Setya, Putri 3. Place/Date of Birth : Kendal/July 20th, 1986 4. Gender : Female 5. Address : Tegal Gentan 02/17 Seyegan Sleman Yogyakarta 55561 6. Nationality : Indonesia 7. Phone Number : 08562751004 8. Email address :[email protected] 9. Marital Status : Married 10. Religious View : Islam
Education
1. Degree : Master Degree
University : Universitas Gadjah Mada Faculty : Cultural Science Major : American Studies GPA : 3,74 out 4,00
2. Degree : Bachelor Degree
University : Yogyakarta State University Faculty : Languages and Arts Major : English Literature GPA : 3,33 out 4,00
3. Degree : Senior High School School : SMA N 2 Yogyakarta Major : Science Class
Community Involvement and Seminars
1. Organization : Saka Bhakti Husada Yogyakarta Start : December 2002 Finish : at present Duties :
• As health troops for national scout organization • Handling health seminar for national scout organization in senior high schools
2. International Non Government Organization : Muslim Aid Foundation Start : January 2010, Finish : July 2010
Duties :
• Planning applicable program for street children and orphans • Making a survey for realizing applicable program for street children • Planning English material as interesting as possible for teaching learning
97
3. Seminar : Mastering TOEFL in Three HoursConducted by : Foreign Language Study and Development of UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta Date : 9 December 2012 Position : Speaker
4. Competition : English Debate Championship Conducted by : The Academy of Leather Technology Yogyakarta Date : 15 October 2012 Position : Adjudicator
5. Seminar : “TV Lokal dalam Konstruksi Identitas: Kajian Penonton Jogja TV dan RBTV di Yogyakarta. Conducted by : Faculty of Cultural Science, UGM Date : 7 March 2013 Position : Moderator
6. Seminar : Joint Seminar: American Culture in Transnational Context Conducted by : UGM, Universitas Indonesia, Universitas Padjajaran, UIN Sunan GUnung Djati Date : 12 – 13 June 2013 Position : Committee
7. Seminar : Islam di Amerika: Hambatan dan Tantangan Conducted by : Universitas Gadjah Mada Date : 18 November 2013 Position : Participant
8. Seminar : Asian Community and Its Development in Globalization Conducted by : Faculty of Cultural Science UGM and One Asia Foundation Date : 28 January 2014 Position : Participant
9. International Conference : American Studies and Cultural Hybridity Conducted by : American Studies Society of Indonesia and Faculty of Cultural Science UGM Date : 19 March 2014 Position : Participant
Professional Working Experiences
1. Jogja Hotelier Institute Position : Professional English Instructor Start working : July 2009 Finish Working : at present Duties :
• Making lesson plan • Preparing teaching materials • Encouraging student to learn well and spiritfully • Performing teaching and learning activity in front of the class
98
Reference
Azar, Betty Scrampfer. 2002. Understanding and Using English Grammar 3rd Edition. New York: Longman.
Anjarwati and Purwati, Novi.The Relationship between Teacher Attitudes of Sexual Education towards
Adolescents and the Implementation of Sexual Education at the State Of Junior High School (Smpn) 1
PajanganBantul 2013.Proceeding of International Conference On Research, Implementation And Education
Of Mathematics And Sciences 2014, Yogyakarta State University, 18-20 May 2014. in
9. Freelance Translator in Erlangga Publisher Start working : May 2015 Finish working : at present Duties :
• Translating articles, books, journals from English to Bahasa or from Bahasa to English • Proofreading English journals • Editing English journals
10. Freelance Translator
Start working : March 2012 Finish working : at present Duties :
• Translating articles, books, journals from English to Bahasa or from Bahasa to English • Proofreading English journals • Editing English journals
11. Rajawali Aviation Training Position : Professional English Instructor Start working : March 2012 Finish working : January 2014 Duties :
• Making lesson plan • Preparing teaching materials • Encouraging student to learn well and spiritfully • Performing teaching and learning activity in front of the class • Making monthly report
12. Smile Group Yogyakarta Position : Professional English Instructor Start working : January 2008 Finish Working : January 2011 Duties :
• Making lesson plan • Preparing teaching materials • Encouraging student to learn well and spiritfully • Performing teaching and learning activity in front of the class • Making monthly report
13. English House Position : CEO, Marketing Staff and Professional English Instructor Start working : July 2005 Finish Working : at present Duties :
• Planning business management • Developing marketing strategy • Making lesson plan • Preparing teaching materials • Encouraging student to learn well and spiritfully • Performing teaching and learning activity • Making monthly report
99
Activity
Make your own resume as complete as possible. Check with your friends, and ask suggestion from your lecturer.
16. Kenanga CateringPosition : CEO Start working : September 2010 Finish Working : at present Duties :
• Planning business management • Developing marketing strategy • Creating good link among food makers and costumers
17. Radio PTDI Medari Position : Radio Announcer Start working : January 2005 Finish Working : January 2010 Duties :
• Planning radio program • Sorting songs, news, and tips for certain programs • Broadcasting programs material on air • Operating mixer and radio software • Making weekly report
Language Skill
1. Javanese (excellent both in speaking and writing) 2. Indonesian (excellent both in speaking and writing ) 3. English (excellent both in speaking and writing)
With English proficiency test result : 610 (TOEFL ITP)
Computer Skill
1. Microsoft Word 2. Microsoft Power Point 3. Microsoft Excel
Personality
1. Hard working 2. Discipline 3. Adaptable
100
Reference
Azar, Betty Scrampfer. 2002. Understanding and Using English Grammar 3rd Edition. New York: Longman.
Anjarwati and Purwati, Novi.The Relationship between Teacher Attitudes of Sexual Education towards
Adolescents and the Implementation of Sexual Education at the State Of Junior High School (Smpn) 1
PajanganBantul 2013.Proceeding of International Conference On Research, Implementation And Education
Of Mathematics And Sciences 2014, Yogyakarta State University, 18-20 May 2014. in
https://ejournal.say.ac.id/ejournal/index.php/jkk/issue/archive retrieved on february 2nd, 2017 at 10.00
PM.
https://www.brookes.ac.uk/students/upgrade/study-skills/abstracts/
http://busyteacher.org/
Phillips, Deborah. 2001. Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL Test. New York: Addison-Weley Longman,
Inc.
Widaryati and Marvinia, Salia. The Effectiveness of Moisture Balance Wound Care Method in Healing
Diabetic Ulcers at Wound Care Clinic, Faculty of Health Sciences, UMM.JurnalKebidanandanKeperawatan,
Vol. 9, No. 1, Juni 2013: 29-36.
https://ejournal.say.ac.id/ejournal/index.php/jkk/issue/archive retrieved on february 2nd, 2017 at 10.00
PM.
Williams K, Bethell E, Lawton J, Parfitt-Brown C, Richardson M and Rowe V (2011).Completing your PhD.
Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
