Appians Roman History v2

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I LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY |iAPPIAN'S ROMAN I

HISTORYII

BOOKS VIII Part II XII

#Translatedy

HORACE WHITE

^

f 3g Printedin Great Britain ^


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VOLUMES PUBLISHED GREEK author:

3 vols.ASCLEPIODOTUS. ONASANDERACHILLAS TATIUSAELIAN: ON animalsAENEAS TACTICUS.AESCHINESAESCHYLUS. 2 vols.ALCIPHRON. AELIAN. PHILOSTRATUS : the LFrraRSANTIPHON AND ANDOCIDES, see minor attic oratorsAPOLLODORUS. 2 vols.APOLLONIUS RHODIUSTHE APOSTOLIC FATHERS. 2 vols,APPIAN : ROMAN HISTORY. 4 vols.ARISTOPHANES. 3 vols.ARISTOTLt: art of rhetoricARISTOTLE: Athenian constitution, eudemian ethicsARISTOTLE: generation of animalsARISTOTLE : metaphysics. 2 vols.ARISTOTLE: meteorologl^ARISTOTLE: minor worksARISTOTLE: nicomachean ethicsARISTOTLE: oeconomica, magna moralia (withmetaphysicsARISTOTLE: on the heavens Vol. II)ARISTOTLE: on the soul, parva naturalia, on breathARISTOTLE: categories, on interpretation, prior analytics.ARISTOTLE: posterior analytics, topicsARISTOTLE: ON sophistical refutations, and others.ARISTOTLE: parts, movement, progression of animalsARISTOTLE : physics. 2 vols.ARISTOTLE: poetics. LONGINUS: ON the sublimeDEMETRIUS: ON styleARISTOTLE: politicsARISTOTLE : problems. 2 vols.ARISTOTLE: rhetorica ad alexandrum (withProblems, Vol. II)ARRIAN: history of Alexander and indica. 2 vols.ATHENAEUS: the deipnosophists. 7 vols.ST. BASIL: letters. 4 vols.CALLIMACHUS: fragmentsCALLIMACHUS. hymns, epigrams. LYCOPHRON. ARATUSCLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIADEMOSTHENES I: olynthiacs. philippics and minor

orations: I-XVHandXXDEMOSTHENES II: de corona and de falsa legationeDEMOSTHENES III: meidl lS, androtion, aristocrates,

timocrates and aristogetton, I and IIDEMOSTHENES IV-VI: private orations and in neaeramDEMOSTHENES VII: funeral speech, erotic essay, exoediaand lettersDIO CASSIUS. 9 vols.DIO CHRYSOSTOM. 5 vols.DIODORUS SICULUS. 12 vols. Vols. I-VII. DC. X. XIDIOGENTES LAERTIUS. 2 vols.DIONYSIUS OF HALICARNASSUS: roman ANngurriES. 7 vols.EPICTETUS. 2 vols.EURIPIDES. 4 vols.EUSEBIUS: ecclesl^tical history. 2 vols.

GALEN: on the nature facultiesTHE GREEK ANTHOLOGY. 5 vols.THE GREEK BUCOLIC POETS: THEOCRITUS, BION,MOSCHUSGREEK ELEGY and IAMBUS with the ANACREONTEA. 2 vols.GREEK MATHEMATICAL WORKS. 2 vols.HERODOTUS. 4 vols.HESIOD and the HOMERIC HYMNSHIPPOCRATES. 4 vols.HOMER: iliad. 2 vols.HOMER: odyssey. 2 vols.ISAEUS

ISOCRATES. 3 vols.ST. JOHN DAMASCENE: barlaam and ioasaphJOSEPHUS. 9 vols. Vols. I-VIIJULIAN. 3 vols.LONGUS: daphnis and chloe. PARTHENIUS: selectionsLUCIAN. 8 vols.Vols. I-VII

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Digitizedby tineInternetArciiivein 2007 witiifunding fromIVIicrosoftorporation

Iittp://www.arcliive.org/details/appiansromanliist02app


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THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARYFOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D.

EDITED BY

tT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D.fE. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. tW. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d.L. A. POST, L.H.D. E. H. WARMINGTON, m.a., f.r.hist.soc.

APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORYII


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First printed 1912Reprinted 1932, 1956, 1962

Printed in Great Britain


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CONTEXTSPAOB

BOOK VIII. PART II. NUMIDIAN AFFAIRS (FRAGMENTS) 1BOOK IX. MACEDONIAN AFFAIRS (FRAGMENTS) .... 9BOOK X. THE ILLYRIAN WARS 53

BOOK XI. THE SYRIAN WARS 103

T;00K XII. THE MITHRIDATIC WARS 239


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APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY

BOOK VIII PAKT IINUMIDIAN AFFAIRS

FRAGMENTS


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AnniANOY P12MAIKA

EK THS NOMAAIKHÎ

Ort, Bo/i,tA,;\;a9KaTrjyopov/jL6vo iecjivyerpoBlKrj(;,

Kol *lioy6pOa ;vv avrw, rovro Br) to 7repL êp6fxevov 69 701*? BoypoBoKovvra^ eliroiv,tl ^V w fxaicov77 TToXt? iarlv oivia iraaa, el tl ^ aivrirrj^;avrrj ievpedeirj. Mai script, vet. n. coll. t. II p. 367.

IIOn MereXXo? aveêvyvvev? Al^vtjvrrjv viro'P(o/jLaiOL ;alriav e')(wvirapa tc3 arparS) ^paBv-

T7]T0 ; e? Toiff;roXe/jiLov; koI eirlcrcpiaivfjcoTT^roî'aôBpa yap TOv i aiJLaprdvovTa ieKoXaêv. Val.p. 561.

IllOta MereWo? âyaiwv avrjpei rrjv ôvXrjv

oXrjV ft)? rr]v (fypovpavrpoBovra';^loyopda, kol top(f povpapxov

ovpTrlXiov, avBpa 'Pco/jLalov ovkavviroTTTw^ kavrov e7;^ t/?tcrai^Taol i iroXe/iloL^,2


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APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY

BOOK VIII PART IINUMIDIAN AFFAIRS

I. From the Vatican MSS. of Cardinal MaiBoMiLCAR being under accusation fled before his bo

trial, and with him Jugurtha, who uttered thatfamous saying about bribetakers, that the wholecity of Rome could be bought if a purchaser couldbe found for it.

II. From Virtues and Vices Metellus went back to the African province, 109

where he was accused by the soldiers of dilatorinessin attacking the enemy and of cruelty towards hisown men, because he punished offendersseverely.

III. From the SameMetellus put the whole senate of Vacca to death 108because they had betrayed the Roman garrison

to Jugurtha, and with them Turpilius, the com-manderof the garrison, a Roman citizen, who had

surrendered himself to the enemy under suspicious


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APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY, BOOK VIII

eiraiTKereLve rf}ôvXfj. SpaKa ; Be Kot AiyvaâvTOfioXov; \a^(bv irapa 'loyopOa, twv [lev Ta ;%et/ja9a'rrerefive,roix;Be e? rr]v yrjvfJ^XP''7^^'^po?KaTuypvaae, Kol Trepcroêvcov] ia-aKOvrlêovnefiTTveova-v Trvp vireTiOeL. id. ib.

IVOtl tov MapLov 69 Kiprav a f)iKOfievovrpea/3ecBoKôv iraprjcrav, ol TrefKpOrjvaLiva^ e? X6701;?Bo/c^ft) irapeKoXovv. Kol eTrep ^6r]aavSXo? reMa\Xt09 6 irpea-êvTrjîcal}ôpv7]\to ;SvXXa? 6

ra/JLLa ;,0*9 o Bo ;^09 ecpr]Va)fjLaiOt ;TroXe/xijaacBlo,yidpLOV jr]v yap fjvavTO ; ^loyopOav cKêiXero,7r/?09 M.apLOV vvv a(j)r)pr}a-6ai.okô'^ jjlIvBt)ravra eveKaXei, Ma\\t09 B' ej rirjv yrjv rrjvBe'Fcofjiaiovf;acpeXea-OaLv(âKairoXefiov vojjlw koXBovvai M.a(TcravdcrarjBoopedv,BcBopat Be 'VcofiaLov^;Ta9 Bcopea ;ex^tv T0t9 Xaôvcnv ea)9 av rfjfiovXfjKol r(p BrjfJbWBoKrj.ov fMrjv aXoyax; /juerayvcovary[a T(javdacrr]v re yap aTrodavelv, Koi tov ;Maaaavddaov 7ra2Ba i ^loyopOav KaraKaivovra'Vo)p,aLOL TToXe/xLOv yeveadai. ovk ovp en elvaiBiKaiov ovre tov iroXep.iov e%eti/Bwpeav rjv eBo/ievîX(p,vre ae BoKelv ^loyopdav d(f)aLpela6atd'Fcofiaioiv.Kal MaXXt09 fiev rdBe ireplTrj ^9eXeêv.rs. p. 370.


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NUMIDIAN AFFAIRS

circumstances. After Juixurtha had delivered up to b-c-Metellus certain Tliracian and Ligurian deserters,the latter cut off the hands of some, and others heburied in the earth up to their stomachs, and aftertransfixing them with arrows and darts set fire tothem while they were stillalive.

iV. From The Embassies**When Marius arrived at Cirta messengers came to 107him from Bocchus asking that he would send some-body

to hold a conference with him. He accordinglysent Aulus Manlius, his lieutenant, and CorneliusSulla, his quaestor. To them Bocchus said that hefought against the Romans on account of the acts ofMarius, who had taken from him the territory whichhe himself had taken from Jugurtha. To thiscomplaint of Bocchus, Manlius replied that theRomans had taken this territory from Syphax byright of arms, and had made a present of it toMasinissa, and that such gifts were made by theRomans to be kept by those who received themduring the pleasure of the Senate and people ofRome. He added that they had not changed theirminds without reason, for that Masinissa was deadand that Jugurtha, by murdering his grandchildren,had become an enemy of the Romans. It is nottherefore right, he said, that an enemy shouldkeep the gift that we made to a friend,nor shouldyou think that you can take from Jugurtha propertythat belongs to the Romans. Tliese were the wordsof Manlius concerning the territory in question.


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APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY, BOOK VIII

On 6 BoKXO^ eT pov ; eVe/A-v/rerpecr/9et?,tMaptou fjiev e/xeWov irepl eiprjvr] iherjaeadai,'l.vXKa he Xva avfjuTrpdêiev? ra ; Bia\.va t, i.\r)arev6evTa ; S' ev oBw tol'? Trpecr/Set?rovcrSe 6Si^XXa? vTreBeâro,al êvuêi-expi'Mupiov dirbVanovXwv eiraveXOelv. iroprjvei he ôicxpv hihd-(jKeiv OTL xph ^vWa TreideaOaL irepl diravTUfV.evhihov^;ovv ijhrjTrpo? rrjv rod ^loyopOa irpohoaiav6 ôfcxo^, e? pêv viroKpLcnv eir dWov arparovirepieTrep.Trev e? At^tovra? tol/? 'yeirova^, ol eirXecnrepav utto rcov kwwv KWlottwv hu'jKovaLV e? to'WavpovaLov 6po i o koXovctiv ArXai^ra, Mdpiov3*rj^LovEvWav ol TrefjuâuvveXOelv e? \670u?.Koi Mdpio^ /JL6V eirepLire rbv ^vWav, Ayjrapae*loy6p6a (piXov,ev lôfcxov KardXeXeLfM/jLepove f)opavrd jLyvop-eva, aiiro'^ re Bo'-'ô? KoiMayhdXaTT? /)t\o?okxov, Kal Tt? eêXe.vdepodvhpb i Kap^T/So^'tov,KopprjXLO^,vrjhpevaav whe.id. ib.


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NUMIDIAN AFFAIRS

V. From the SameBoccHUS sent another embassy to solicit peace B.afrom Marius and urge Sulla to assist them in the

negotiation. These ambassadors were despoiled byrobbers on the road, but Sulla received them kindlyand entertained them until Marius returned fromGaetulia. Marius advised them to urge Bocchusto obey Sulla in everything. Accordingly Bocchus,who was by now inclined to betray Jugurtha, sentmessengers around to the neighbouring Ethiopians(who extend from eastern Ethiopia westward to theMauretanian Mount Atlas)nder pretence of raisinga new army, and then asked Marius to send Sulla tohim for a conference, which Marius did. Bocchushimself, and his friend Magdalses, and a certainfreedman of Carthage, named Cornelius, deceivedApsar, the friend of Jugurtha, who had been left inBocchus' camp to keep watch on his doings, in thefollowing way.


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BOOK IXMACEDONIAN AFFAIRS

FRAGMENTS


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EK THS MAKEA0NIKH2

Ort *VcD/jLaLOLov ^CKiTnTOV rov MaKeS6vo ; roviroXefJirjcravTO^ avTol ; irepi irdfiiraviiroXuTrpay-fjLOVOvv ovSei', ovBe a(f)Lcnviv0ufjiLO ;r}v 6\a) ;'7rovov/j, vr] ;re t?}?'IraXta? vtto Âvvi/3ov rodlâp')(rjhovL(jdv(TrpaTrjyov, Kal avrol /JLeydXoL^;7rpaT0L ; AiûrjvKal Kapxvôva Kal 'l^rjpiavTrepiKaOrj/nevoi,al KaOicrrd/jLevoLCKeXiav. avrb ;Be OtXtTTTTO? PX^9 iTTiOu/llafJL LÔVO i,vBiv TLTTpoTraOayv,eire/iTrett/jo?'Avvi/3av9 rrjv ÎraXvavirpeaêi^,iv rjyelro S vo pdvr)^,7na)(îôvfi vo ;avTUi (Tv/ji/jiaxv^ iviirl rrjv 'IraXtai/,el KdKelvo iavTM avvOoiTO KarepydcraaOaL rrjv 'RWdSa.avpL^dvTOs 8' 9 ravra rov Âvvl/3ouKal iirlrfjcrvvdrjKr]moaavro^;, irpicrêLf;e avriTre/n-^lrairrlTOL'9 opKOVi rov îXlinrov, 'Fcofiaiwv rpLrjprjf;eKaê rov^ eKarepcov 7rp6crêi, ^va7rkeovra ;, Kal9 ^VdipLrjveKOjiLcrev. e^'

S îXirrTro^ dyavaKrwvKepKvpa Trpoae/SaXev,y 'Fco/xaLOL ia^vvefidx^t.V. p. 357.lO


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BOOK IX

xMACEDONIAN AFFAIRS

I. From The Embassies

The Romans paid no attention to Philip,the Mace-onian,when he began war against them. They

were so busy about other things that they did noteven think of him, for Italy was stillscourged byHannibal, the Carthaginian general, and they hadlarge armies in Africa, Carthage, and Spain, andwere restoring order in Sicily. Philip himself, |jS*moved by a desire of enlarging his dominions,although

he hadsuffered nothing whatever at thehands of the Romans, sent an embassy, the chief of

which was Xenophanes, to Hannibal in Italy,promising to aid him in Italy ifhe would consent toassist him in the subjugationf Greece. Hannibalagreed to this arrangement and took an oath tosupport it,and sent an embassy in return to receivethe oath of Philip. A Roman trireme interceptedthe ambassadors of both on their return and carriedthem to Rome. Thereupon Philip in his angerattacked Corcyra, which was in alliancewith Rome.

xz


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APPIANS ROMAN HISTORY, BOOK IX

II

'Ore ivrj'yetov ; 'V(D[xaiov^ ra î^vWcia et jTov îXlttttov iroXe/jLOV. eart he ravra'

avxovvres âo-iXevaLMa/CT/Sozê?ApyedSyaiv,v/MV Koipavecov ay aOov kul Trrjixa îXiiriro^.YjTOi 6 fxev irporepo^ TroXecnv Xaolcrit avaKra^;Orjaei,6 K oTrXorepof: rt/ir]V airo iraaav oXeaaei,BfjLTjOe}^;' kaTrepioLaiv vir avhpdaiv ivOdS'

oXelrai,.Mai p. 368.

Ill1. Ore TiroXeâiov tov âaiXevovTO ;Alyvirrov

irpea-êtf;,oX avv avroh erepoc irapd re Xlcov koXMcrvXrjvaLcov koX Â/ivvdvSpov rod ÂOa/idvcovâaCXeco^,Bl ;,evOa irep ol AlrcoXol rd ; TroXef?eTria-KexIro/jLevaf;xdXovv, crvvfjXOoveirX SiaXXayfj'PwfjLalcovKol AlrwXoiv kol îXlttttov. ôvX-TriKiov S' elirovro^ ovk eivai Kvp'iov irepl rrj(;elp^vrj ;e Kplvai, Kal e? rr)V /SovXtjVKpvâTTi-(TreXXovro i on 'Pw/iato^? crufjicpepet,roXe/ietvAlroyXoix;îXiirTrw, rj jiev ôvXtj ra? avvOrjKa^;eKcoXvae, Kal rol ^ AlrcoXol^ eTre/nre avfji/jLaxâvTreôu?/jLvplov ;ol lirirea x^Xlov ;,fieO^ mp olAlrcoXol KareXaôv Âfi^paKuav,fjv ov ttoXvvarepov avrwv îXi7nro ; diroiTXevadvrdiv dve-Xaêv. ol he irpea-jSei';v6i : crvvrjXOov,KaliroXXa j)avep(o ;Xeyov, ore îXLTnro^ Kal AlrcoXolBiaêpofievoLoi'?EXXrjva^ e? hovXeiav 'VcofiaLOi ;vTTO^dXXova-iv,Oiôvrefivrov i t }9 'KXXdho^12


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRS

II. From the Vatican MSS. of Cardinal MaiThe Sibyllinebooks induced the Romans to make b.c.

war against Philip by these lines : The Macedon-ansboast their descent from Argive kings. Philipwillbe the arbiter of weal or woe to you. The elderof that name shall give rulers to citiesand peoples,but the younger shall lose every honour, and shalldie here, conquered by men of the w^est.

III. From The Embassies1. Ambassadors from Ptolemy, king of Egypt, and 208

with them others from Chios and Mitylene, and fromAmynander, king of the Athamanes, assembled attwo differenttimes at the place where the Aetolianswere accustomed to call their cities together forconsultation,to compose the differences between theRomans, the Aetolians, and Philip. But as Sulpiciussaid that it was not in his power to conclude peace,and wrote privately to the Senate that it was for theadvantage of the Romans that the Aetolians shouldcontinue the war against Philip,the Senate forbadethe treaty and sent 10,000 foot and 1000 horse toassistthe Aetolians. With their help the Aetolianstook Ambracia, which Philip recovered, not longafterward, on their departure. Again the ambassa-ors

assembled and said openly and repeatedly thatPhilip and the Aetolians, by their differences,weresubjectinghe Greeks to servitude to the Romans,l)ecause they were accustoming the latter to make


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APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY, BOOK IXOa/jLLva ireipaaOai. icf)*ol 6 fiev ôvXTTLKiof;avTiXe^wvavlcTTaro, to he 7r\7}ô?vic 7]Kova i ,dX)C eKeKpdyeaav Tov i TrpecrySei?v Xeyeiv.

2. Kal TeXo ; AlrcoXoi re irpoiroi Kara a â^,vev' Pcofxalcov,lXlttttq) avv6^7j(rav,Kal irpiaêiâvTov (PiXiTTTTOVKal 'VwfiaLcov i-nlhtaWayal'^ d f)LKovro 9 'V(join]v.Kal eyevovro avvdrJKaL'Voifxaloi^Kal ^L\L7r7r(p,/jLTjSerepov;SiKelv toi)?eKarepwOev(j)l\ov ;.9 fxev Br) rovr eXrjêvj ^tkiiTTrovKal*F(Ofialo)v9 aXX7]\ov ^ nrelpa irpcorr], Kal rd'iavvOrjKa^ ovSerepoL ^ j3ai,ov ;,ovB' air eijoia^,iBoKOvv TreTTOirjaOaL.. p. 357.

IV''Ort fjcer ou ttoXv J tXi7r7ro9/xev rcov vrrrj-

Kocov T0fc9 CTTt 6a\dcr(Tr) ^crroXov eTrayyeiXa'^,^djjLovKal X.10V elXe, Kal jxepo ;Ti}9 ArrdXov 7^9eiTopdrjae, Kal auTf] ; direireipacre Hepyd/j-ov, firj(f)eLB6uevo ;epwv rj Td pow,tjv re 'VoBiwv irepaiaviBrjov BiaXXaKTrfprov ol yeyovorwv, Kal erepo)fiepec (TT parol) rijv ^KrriKrjV iXvfxaivero Kal rd ;Â9rjva ^ eiroXiopKeL, 009 ovhev rwvBe 'VwpLaiOL^TrpocTTjKovrcov. Xoyo9 re rjv on t tXt7r7ro9KalAvrLoxo i 6 Svpcov /SaaiXeix;vTroaxocvro dXXrj-Xot9, 'AvTLOx^ fêv 6 ^LXt7r7ro ;crvcrrparevaecv irrlT AtyvTrrov Kal i^/rlKvTrpov, wv rore r)p-)(evn7raL i (tiv UroX /iaio ; 6 reraprof;, w ^LXoirdroapiirdivvfiovr)v, ^lXlttttu) S' 'A^'Tto;ô9 eVt KvpyjvrjKal Ta9 KvKXdSa^ vtjaov; Kal Xcoviav,

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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRSfrequent attempts upon Greece. When SulpiciusJJrose to reply to tliem the crowd would not hear him,but shouted that the ambassadors had spoken well.2. Finally the Aetolians took the initiative and 205made peace with Philip by themselves without theRomans, and ambassadors were sent to Rome byPhilip himself and by tliecommander of the Romanforces in order to come to an agreement. Peace wasmade between them on the condition that neitherparty should do any injuryo the friends of theother. This was the result of the first trial ofstrength between them, and neither of thembelieved that the treaty was a secure one, or basedon goodwill.

IV. From the SameNot long afterward Philip, having ordered a fleet200

to be prejKired by his maritime subjects,ook Samosand Chios and devastated a part of the territoryofKing Attalus. He even assailed Pergamus itself,not sparing temples or sepulchres. He also ravagedthe Mainland of the Rhodians, who had beenpromoters of the treaty of peace. With anotherpart of his army he ravaged Attica and laid siege toAthens, on the ground that none of these countriesconcerned the Romans. It was reported also that aleague had been made between Philip and Antiochus,king of Syria,to the effect that Philip should helpAntiochus to conquer Egypt and Cyprus, of whichPtolemy IV., surnamed Philopator,i who was stillaboy, was the ruler ; and that Antiochus should helpPhilip to gain Cyrene, the Cyclades islands,and Ionia.

1 This should be Ptolemy V., surnamed Epiphanes, the sonof Ptolemy Philopator. The latterdied in B.C. 203.

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APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY, BOOK IX

Kal ri]vSe rrjv Soâv,eKTapdacrovaav airav-Ta ^ 'VoSlol fiev 'Vwjiaioi^ ifi^pvaav,irl Be tol ;Pohiwv Âdt']vala3virpeaêt rjTioivro ^lXlttttovT/}9TTokiopKia'i. Kol Alra)\ol fxerajLyvioa K0VTe iKarrj'yopovv ct)9 Kal ireplacpcisttlo-tov y yop6TO ;,r/îovve avdi i e? tov ; 'Fcofiaicov avpL[xd-)(pv iyjpa(f)f]i'ai.Vcofxaloi 8' AtrwXoi? e/jLe/jL-yT?}?ou TTpo iroWov /jL6TaôX7] ;,rpeaêif;' e?Tov i iSaaCkea' eirepbrrov, dl Trporjyopevop avTOL ^'AvTLO'ôv jiev AlyvTrro) /jLT)iinxîpelvy îXiTnrovBe fxrjBev 9 'PoStou9 rj Wd7]paLov ; rj ÂrraXovTj 69 dWov Tiva 'PfOfiaicov(plXovdfiapTaveiv.rovTOL^ 6 ^lXltttto^ direKpivaro 'VwfiaioL^ eêivKa\co ;, av epLfxivwcnv y avveOevTO 7rpo ; avrovelprjvr]. ovTco jxev al yevofxevai crTTOvBaX iXi-\vvTO, Kal arparta 'Po)jjLai(ov9 ttjv 'EWdBarjTreiyeTO,aTpaTrjyouvTO i UottXIov koX vavap-XovvTo^ AevKLov. U. p. 358.

' Otl 0 Ot\i7r7ro9 6 MaKeSovcov âcn\ev ;tt \a/xi,VLV(p. . crrjrec, crvvayovTwv avrov^ 'HTret-

pwTwv Trpicr/Seoyv,)9 Be 6 t \afMU LVO i'îXLinroveKeXevaev iKo-rrjvait?}9'E\XaSo9 ov 'Pa)/zatot9aWa raL ; TroXeaLV avTal ^, Kal Ta9 ^Xdl3a^ TaL i7rpoeip7]/xevaL ;diroBoOijvai, /xev ^tXt7r7ro9 rd/ubev. . . Mai p. 368.

VIUoL/xrjv viTe(T')(eTOarparbv ev^wvov dêivoBovdrpifif]Tptalv r)ijLepaL i.Suid. v. ev^copou

i6


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRSThis rumour, which caused universal dismay, the bc,Rhodians communicated to Rome. After the Rhodi-ans, ambassadors of Athens came complaining of thesiege instituted by Philip. The Aetolians also hadrepented of their treaty, and they complained ofPhilip's bad faith toward them and asked to beinscribed again as allies. The Romans reproachedthe Aetolians for their recent defection, but theysent ambassadors to the kings ordering Antiochusnot to invade Egypt, and Philip not to molest theRhodians, or the Athenians, or Attalus, or any otherally of theirs. To them Philip made answer that itwould be well if the Romans would abide by thetreaty of peace they had entered into with him.Thus was the treaty dissolved and a Roman armyhastened to Greece, Publius commanding the landforces and Lucius the fleet.

V. From the Vatican MSS. of Cardinal MaiPhilip, king of Macedon, had a conference with i98Flamininus, which had been brouglit about by the

ambassadors of the Epiiots. Wlien Flamininus or-deredPhilip to evacuate Greece, in favour, not ofthe Romans, but of the Greek cities themselves, andto make good the damage he had done to thesecities,Philip partly. . .

VI. From SuidasA SHEPHERD promised to guide a lightly equipped

army by a littleused path in three days.


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APPIANS ROMAN HISTORY, BOOK IX

VII

Ot AevKLO ; Koiprio ; ; tov tmv Â')(aicov(TvWoyov aireareiXe Trpea/Sei^;,t fiera ÂOijvaicovKoi 'FoSlcov eireudov avrov^ fieraOecrOav irpo^7(pd TTo rod ^lXlttttov, hieiTpeaêveTOe koI^LXlitttoâlrcov /SoijOeiavo? av/jLfj.u)(ov ;.ol BeevoxXovfievoi jiev OLKelw kol yeirovi TroXe/xcoNa/3i009 rov AaKeSaifxovicovrvpdvvov, SieaTcoref;Be Tal i yvo)jiiai ijiropovv, kol ol irXeiove'; rjpovvTOra ^lXlttttov kol airecTTpecjiovroFco/jLalov;Bidriva e? ryv 'EXXaSa 1.ov\irLKiov tov arpaTrjyov7rapavo/jL7)para. iyKet/jLevoyve /3iaL0)(;mv pcofial-ôvrcov,ol TToWol Trj ieKK\r}aia^ direxf^povvBvcryêpaLvovre^,ol ol XolttoX Bid rrjv oXiyorrjTaeKîaaOevreîauveOevTO tcG AevKiw, kol ev6v ;TjKoXovdovv eirl KopnÔov fiy-âiij/jLarapepovTeU. p. 359.

VIII*'Otl ^\apLVivo ; avOL ; avvrjXOev e? Xoyov^îXiTTTTcp Kara rov IMr/Xiea koXttov, ev9a Karvj-

yopovvTcov tov t i\LTT7Tov'PoBicov KOL AltcoXwvKol ÂfivvdpBpov TOV Â6a/xavo =;fceXevae îXLirTrove^dyeivTd ^^povpd. e/c i coKLSo ;,koX irpea/SeL?^Vdifii^vdfKpoTepnv;TroaTelXai. yevopievcov BeTOVTcov, ol fiev ''EXX7]V ^v Tjj ovXfjTy 'Vw/xalcovTj^LovvOV ÎXiTTTTov iâyayelve/c r^? 'EXXaSo9Tat; Tyoet? (ppovpd a? avTo^; Treâ? eKoXei t^?'EXXdBo ;, Ty]v fiev ev X-uXklBi, Boiwrot? /cail^vôevcn kol AoKpoh iTriKeL/jLevyjv,Tr)v Be ev18


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRS

VII. From The EmbassiesLucius Quintius[Flamininus]ent envoys to the b.c,Achaean League to persuade them, together with theAthenians and Rhodians, to abandon Pliilipand join

the Romans. Phihp also sent ambassadors, askingassistance from them as alHes. But they, beingtroubled by a war on their own borders with Nabis,the tyrant of Lacedaemon, were divided in mind andhesitated. Tlie greater part of them preferred thealliance of Philip and sided against the Romans onaccount of certain outrages against Greece com-mittedby Sulpicius, the former commander. Whenthe Roman faction urged their views with vehemence,most of their opponents leftthe assembly in disgust,and the remainder, being forced to yield by thesmallness of their number, entered into an alliancewith Lucius and followed him at once to the siege ofCorinth, bringing engines of war with them.

VIII. From the SameFlamininus came into conference with Philip a i 7

second time at the Malian gulf. When the Rhodians,the Aetolians, and Amynander the Athamanianmade their complaints against Philip, Flami-inus

ordered him to remove his garrisons fromPhocis, and required both parties to send ambassadorsto Rome. When this was done the Greeks askedthe Roman Senate to require Philip to remove fromtheir country the three garrisons which he called thefetters of Greece ; the one at Chalcis,which threat-ned

the Boeotians, the Euboeans, and the Locrians ;19


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Kopivdrp KaOdirep irv\aL ; rrjv UeXoirovvrjaov airo-KKeiovcrav,kol rpiTrjv ev Aij/jirjTptdScrjv AItco\oi ^Kol Mdyi'Tjaiv iipeSpevovaav7)Be ôvXrj rov ^îXlttttov Trpeaêi ijpero ri (ppovoirjreplroovBeTa)i (fipovpcbv âcn\ev ^,dTTOKpiva/jiivayvBed yvoelv, Xafiivlvov ecprjpivelv, kol irpdêiv nav Bi/catov rjyTjrai. ovrco fiev ol 7rp6a/3 i ;V'Pco/xr;?eiravrjeaav, ^\a/iiPLvo ; Be kol 5 tXt7r7ro?9 ovBev av^l3aivovT6 dWr)\oL i av0c ie? iroXefxovKaOiaravTo. U. p. 360.

IX1. Or* rfTTr}06l ;rdXiv 6 ^L\iinTo i Trepl avfi-jSdcrecoveireKTjpvKeveTO tt/jo? ^XafMLvlvov, 6 S'

av9i i avTU) avveXOelv e? \6yov i avve)(^copeL,toWo,jjbevTMV AlrayXcop Bv ')(aivovrcov, kol BuaâWov-rwv avTov e? BwpoBoKLav, kol KaTaytyvwcj kovtwvTr] ; t'9 diravra evx^pov'i /êra/ôX'^?,jyov/xevo^ 8'ovje 'PwyLtatot? au/xcfyepeLVvre rot? 'ÊWrjaiîXiiTiTovKaOaipeOevTO i eTmroXdcraL T'tjvAItcoXmvjBiav. ^dya 8' avTov koi to irapdBoôvrj viKt^ây airdv eiroiet. avvdefievo^ Be )(^(opiovl topîXiTriTov eireXOelv eBet touv crv/xiJidxov'KeXevaeyvcofi7]v TrpoaiTo^rjvaaOaiaTCL iroKei^. rd fievBr) irapd twv dXXcov (piXdvOpcoTra]v, to re t/}?rvxv^ dS^-jXovi^ a)V eiraOev o îXiinTO^ v(f)op(Dfievcov, fcal to TTTatcr/â tovto ov Kar daOeveiavdXXd TrXeov k avuTV'yLa ; avrov iraOelv rjyov-puevwv WXeâvBpo ;Be 0 tmv AItwXmv irpoeBpo^dyvoelv e^r)top ^Xa/xLvlvov on fiyBev dXXo [ir^re


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRSthe one at Corinth, which closed the door of the b-*'-Peloponnesus ; and the third at Demetrias, which, asit were, kept guard over the Aetolians and theMagnesians. The Senate asked Philip's ambassadorswhat the king's views were respecting these garrisons.When they answered they did not know, the Senatesaid that Flamininus should decide the question anddo what he considered just.So the ambassadorstook their departure from Rome, but Flamininus andPhilip, being unable to come to any agreement,resumed hostilities.

IX. From the Same1. Philip, after being defeated again, sent a herald

to Flamininus to sue for peace, and again Flamininusgranted him a conference, whereat the Aetolianswere greatly displeased and accused him of beingbribed by the king, and complained of his facilechange of mind as to all these matters. But hethought that it would not be to the advantage of theRomans, or of the Greeks, that Philip should be de-osed

and the Aetolian power made supreme. Per-aps,also,the unex])ected victory made him satisfied.Having agreed upon a place where Philip should

come, he directed the alliesto deliver their opinionsfirstcity by city. The others were disposed to bemoderate, viewing suspiciously the uncertainties otfortune as evinced in the calamities of Philip, andconsidering this disasterthat had befallen him duenot so much to weakness as to bad luck. ButAlexander, the presiding officerof the Aetolians, said, Flaminiims is ignorant of the fact that nothing else


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APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY, BOOK IX'Peayxatof?fiijO^ EWrjcrc avvolcrei7r\i]viâipeOrjva

2. 'O he ÂXeâvhpovayvoelv (f)^]v'Pco/iatco^f)V(Tlv,1 ovBeva ttco twv e')($po)Vv6v ^ air apx^âverpe^^rav,k\a iroWoyv e? avroixi apiaprovTcov,/calKap)(r)BovLQ)v6vayxo i, eêiaavTO,a acêrepaavTOL^ aTToSoi^re?kol j)iXov ;roLrjad/jLevoLov ;rjhLKriK6ra ;.

*' dyvo L ; S',ecj^rj,

kol rov6\ onTO?? EWrjaLV eOvT} TroWd, ocra ^dp/Sapa rrjvMaKeBovlav TrepiKdOrjTai,el Ti? eêXotov ; MaKe-Bovwv ftacn\ea ;,TrcSpafielraLpahica. oOev iycoBoKifid^coTjV fiev dp^yv eav tmv IS/laKehovwvirpoiroXefjielvvficov 77/909 tov ; /3apj3dpov^,IXiTTTrovBe eKaTrjvai Tol iKWyjaiv a)v tt pore pop dvreXeye^(copiwv,OL 'VwfiaioL e? Tr]V tov iroXepbov SairdvrjveaeveyKelv rdXavra B aKoaia, o/j,r)pde Bovvai radîoXoydiraraol tov vlov avTov Ai^/jL-^Tpfiexpi'Be ravO' rj crvyKXrjT0 i eTTLKvpuyaei,rerpafji^vov ; dvoâ'^ yevkaOai^

3. Aeâfievove irdvTa tov îXi-rrTroVy7]v fievelprjvrjvrj ôvXy fiadoraa eTrefcvpcocre,Td i BeirpoTdaeLf; ra^ ^Xajjuvivov (TjXLKpvvaaa kuI(fyavXiaaaa,eKeXevcre ra? TroXei? oaaL âav'KXXrjvLBe^;TTO (PiXiTTTTM,Trd(Ta ieXev9epa i elvai,Kal ra? ^povpa ;ir avT03v (PlXlttttov iâya-yelv irpb tcov iirtovT^'^v'laO/xLcov, vav i re 6aa ^%ei, %ct)/3fc ?e^rjpoviLia ;kol cTKacfiMPreiTe Kara-i^pdKToyv,rapaBovvid rw ^Xafxivivw, Kal dpyv-piov rdXavra 'Pco/j.aLoi ;eaeveyKelv TrevTaKoaiafiev avTLKa TrerraKocria Be erecn Be/ca,e/cdcrTOVTO fi po i eVof? e? Vaypuriv dvacpepovTa,diro-Bovvai Be KOI alxf^dXcora Kal avTo/jioXa avrcov22


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRSbut the destruction of Philip's empire will benefit;^-either the Romans or the Greeks.

2. Flamininus replied that Alexander was ignor-ntof the character of the Romans, who had never

yet destroyed an enemy at once, but had sparedmany offenders, as recent' y the Carthaginians,restoring their property to them and making alliesof those who had done them wrong. You also,he said,

are ignorant of the fact that there aremany barbarous tribes on the border of Macedonia,who would make easy incursions into Greece ifthe Macedonian kings were taken away. Wherefore,I think that the Macedonian government sliouldbe left to protect you against the barbarians, butPhilip must retire from those Greek places that hehas hitherto refused to give up, and must pay theRomans 200 talents for the expenses of the war, andgive hostages of the most noble families,includinghis own son, Demetrius. Until the Senate ratifiesthese conditions there shall be an armistice of fourmonths.3. Philip accepted all these conditions, and the 196Senate, when it learned of the peace, ratifiedit,but considering that the terms demanded by Flamin-nus

were poor and inadequate it decreed that allthe Greek cities that had been under PhiHp's ruleshould be free,and that he should withdraw his garri-onsfrom them before the next celebration of theIsthmian games ; that he should deliverto Flamininusallhis ships, except one with six benches of oars andfivesmall vessels with decks ; that he should pay theRomans 500 talents of silver down, and remit toRome 500 more in ten years, in annual instalments ;and that he should surrender all prisoners and de-

22,


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ocra e-^ôi. rdBe fiev rj /3ov\r]TrpocreOrjKe,Ka\^lXltttto^ eheâro aTravra'

co kol /xaXtcrra 7;(T/jLCKpoXoyia ^Xa/itvLvov Kara(j)avr} ;yevero.avfilBovXov^' eTrefJLTTOvavT(p, KaOdnrep elcodeaaveVl TOi? Xip/ovaL iroXe/jLotf;,BeKa av8pa ;,fieO^ oivavTov eBei rd elXr/fi/ievaaOiaraaOat.

4. Kal rdhe fikv Bi tl6 to avv eKeivoL^,avTOf;8' 9 TOP Twi^ ^[aO/jLL(ovyojva eTreXOcov, ttXtjOv-ovro^ Tov arahiov, aLU)7n]V re icrrjiJLTjveviroaaXinyyi, naX rov KijpvKa dvenrelv eKekevcrev'6 Srj/jLO'i 'Fcofialcov/cat rj avyK\riTO ^ kol^\a/jLivLvo i 6 arpartp/o'^, lS/LaKe86va i kolâcnXea ^lXlttttov eKiroXeixiâavre'^, d ^Ld(Trr}V 'KXXdha dcf)povp'r]Tov(f)opoX6yr}TOvHot ;tÔeaiol vopiOi^ ')(^pr]cr0aL 7roXXi] ; S'eVl rovrcpôr] ;al 'yâpd ^yevo/nevrj^; 66pv/3o(;^]8i,aT0 irjv,krepcov /leO'krepov^ rov KtjpvKaol irapd acpdf;dveiirelv fieraKaXovvrcov. are^dvov ; re kolraivia^ eireâXXovtc5 arparriyCp, kol dvhpuivraî-yjryjcpLôvTOara TroXet?. 7rpicT/3eL ;e puerd^(^pvaMV are^dvwv eirepLTrov e? to âmrooXioVt o'lX^pi^v copioXoyovv, Kal e? rov ; 'Pcofiaicov crvpu/nd-vou? dv6ypd(f)ovro.al Sevrepo^ oSe iroXepLO^VcopLaioL ;e Kal ^lXltttto) e? rovro ereXevra.

5. Ov TToXv Be varepov Kal avvefidy'qcre'Pcoyuatot? o îXiiriro^;v rfj'EXXdSt Kar Kv-rio-)(ov â(TLXeoi i,repoivrd'^ re iirl ^K.vrio')(ove? r7]V ^Kaiav hid SpdK7] ; Kal Ma/ceSow'a?oBbv ovK evpLaprj irapeirepurev olK6iOL ;reXeaiKal rpo f)aL ;,Sottolmv Kal irorapiov'; Bvairo-pov ; êvyvv iKal tol/? eTTiKeLpLevov^ SpaKa }24


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRS

serters in his hands. These conditions were added ^.c.by the Senate and Philip accepted them al],wliich proved more strongly than anything howinadequate Flamininus' terms were. They sent to thelatter as counsellors ten men (asas customary at theend of a war) ith whose aid he should regulate thenew acquisitions.4. \\ hen he had arranged these things with themhe himself went to the Isthmian games, and, thestadium being full of people, he commanded silenceby trumpet and directed the herald to make thisproclamation : '^ The Roman people and Senate, andFlamininus, their general, having vanquished theMacedonians and Philip, their king, leave Greecefree from foreign garrisons and not subjecto tribute,to live under her own customs and laws. There-ponthere was great sliouting and rejoicingnd ascene of rapturous tumult ; and groups here andthere called the herald back in order that he mightrepeat his words for them. They threw wreaths andfilletsupon the general and voted statues for him intheir cities. They sent ambassadors with goldencrowns to the Capitol at Rome to express their grati-ude,

and inscribed themselves as alliesof the Romanpeople. Such was the end of the second war be-ween

the Romans and Philip.5. Not long afterwards Philip even lent aid in 190Greece to the Romans in their war against KingAntiochus,and as they were moving against Antiochusin Asia, passing through Thrace and Macedonia by adifficultroad, he escorted them with his own troops,su{)plied them with food and money, re})airedtheroads, bridged the unfordable streams, and dispersedthe hostile Thracians, until he had conducted them

25VOL. II. B


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APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY, BOOK IXBiafCOTTToyv,)? iirl tov ' EjWi'-jcnrovTov r^yayev.iff)*h rj fi V ôv\r}tov v'lov avTcp ArjfirJTpLTrapa acpLcrcvfiypevovra aireXvcre, koI twvXPVI^^'^^^ a' f)riK6v)v ere wcêikevol he paK ;OiSe 'FcofMaLov^ airo Tt] ; iir* W^vrLox^p vi'^rj^,i7raviovTa ;,ufcerL ^cXiTnrou irapovro^y rrjv reXeiav d(f) L\ovrool ttoWou? Bie^deipav,o5 koIIxaXiara eTreSeixOr)ocrov avrov^; dvL6vTa ;wvrjaev

6. 'E/creXeo-êyro? Se rod kut *Avti6xovTToXeflOV TToWol KaTtjyopOVV tov îkilTTrOV,TO,fiev dSLK LV avTov, TCL Be ov TTOLelv MP topicre^Xa^LVLVo ;, ore BierWero rrjv 'EXXdBa. kolAr]/jL)jTpL0 ;9 dvriXoyiav eTTpecr/Sevevirep avrov,Kexapio-fievofi fiev eiciraXaL 'Fco/j,aLOL ;iro rrj ;6fiy]p6ia ^,XaixLVLvov Be avrov rfj/SovXfjvcopl-ôvro l(JXvp(o ;.vecorepov S' ovra kol OopVfSov-fievov e/ce\evaav ra rov Trarpo? vrropLvyîxadvayvoivai, ev oh rjv ecf)'Kaarov, rd jxev ijBr]yeyovevai, rd Be yevi^crecrOaL,aiirep dSl/ccoîcopi-a/j,eva' kol yap rovro irpoaeKeiro iroXXoh. rj BeôvX)]rr)v vTToyvov avrov e? Wvrloxov irpoOvixiavalBoviievrj,vyyiyvoacTKeiv re ecfirj,al TrpoaeTrelireBia At]fjL7]rpi.ov.6 S' OfMoXoyovjievco^ avrohe? rov ^Ki'TLoxoy iroXejiov xPV^Î^'^'^CLr6 ;eyey ovco ;, Kal /SXa/Sepcoraro v (paveUel^Kvriox^rrapatcaXovvrL a-vveirpaê,roXXd eX-TrtVa?eVtrwBe, Kal opcov avrov dinar ovpievov Kal Karrfyo-povfJLSVOV Kal crvyyvcop.r) ;dvrl x^^'pircovdîov/nevov26


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRSto the Hellespont. In return for these favours the b^JSenate released his son Demetrius, who had beenheld by them as a hostage^ and remitted thepayments of money stilldue from him. But theseThracians fell upon the Romans when they werereturning from their victory over Antioehus, whenPhilip was no longer with them, carried off theirbooty and killed many by which it was plainlyshown how great a service Philip had rendered themwhen they were advancing.6. The war with Aiitiochus being ended, many of the is8Greeks charged Philip with doing or omitting variousthings in disregard of the orders given by Flamininuswhen he settled the affairsof Greece. To answer thesecharges Demetrius went as an envoy to Rome in hisfather'sbehalf, the Romans being well pleased withhim aforetime, when he had been a hostage, andFlamininus strongly recommending him to theSenate. As he was rather young and somewhatflustered, they directed him to read his father'smemorandum in which it was severally entered thatcertain things had already been done, and that othersshould be done, although decided upon contraryto justiceforthisobservation was appended to manyof the clauses. Nevertheless, the Senate, havingregard to his late zeal in the matter of Antiochus, saidthat it would pardon him, and added that itdid so onaccount ofDemeti'ius. But Philip,having been confess-dly

most useful to them in the war with Antiochus,when he might have done them the greatest damageif he had co-operated with Antiochus, as the latterasked him to, expecting much on this accountand now seeing himself discredited and accused, andconsidered worthy of pardon rather than of gratitude,

27


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KoX rrjcrBeSia At]fnjrpcov, rjxOero fcalyyavaKTet,/cal eTreKpvirrev aji^w.

co? he koI iv Blkt) tlvIVcojjLaiOi TToWa rwv îkiiTTrov TTyoo? JLvfievqfji6T (f) pov,aOevo'TTOiovvTe'iael tov 'ÎXiTnTOV, e?TToXe/xov rjhr]Xavddvayv rjTOtfiuêro.d. ib.

X'O Be l tXt7r7ro9ou? eTrtTrXeovra? SLe(f)Oeip v,va

fiT)'VcDfMaiot ;eyotev ra MaKeBovoov eKrerpvaOai.Suid. V. TerpvaOai.

XI1. On VcofiatoL Tax^(o i avâvopevov tovYlepcreavcpecopcovro'oI pâXiara avTov ; rjpeOiê

7] Tcov 'EjWtjvcov (piXlauI yeiTViaac^;, ol? ^xOo^ e?*Pa)ficdov eireiTOLqicecrav ol 'PcopiaLcov a-rpaTrjyoL-u)? Be Kol ol irpeaêL ol e? âarepvaî uireaTaX-p,evoi TTjv ^laKeBovlav ecâaKovIBelv aaâko)ôi^vpwpevrjv Kal 'irapaaK6V)]v iKavt^vfcal veorrjrayeyv pvaafievrjp, 'Vcofxalou Kal rdBe Bierdpacra'ev.

alcr06pevo ;S' o Tlepcrev'ierepovs eirep^TreirpeajBei'rrjp vTTovoLav k\v(ov. iv Be tovtw koI FiVfiew] ;6

tt}?Trepl TO Ylepyapov ^Kala^;âaiKev^,aTro Tr] ;7r/3o? ^lXittttov ex^pct^ BeBLOD ;Hepaea rjKev e?'Pcop.rjv,Kal KaTTjyopeL (f)av p(o ;vTOV, 7rape\6o)ve? TO fiov\evT7]piov,ti 'Pw/zatoi? Bva iievr} yevoiTodecy Kal TOV dBe\(povoLKelco'i? avTov ; eyovTa28


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRS

and even this merely on account of Demetrius, was b. _-.indignant and angry, but concealed his feelings.VVlien afterwards, in a certain arbitration before theRomans, they transferred much of his territoryto Eumenes, seeking all the time to weaken him, heat last began secretly preparing for war

X. From SuidasPhilip utterly destroyed all forces that sailed

against him, lest the Romans should say that theMacedonian power had been crushed.

XI. From The Embassies1. The Romans were suspicious of Perseus (the

son of Philip)n account of his rapidly growingpower, and they were especially disturbed by hisnearness to the Greeks and his friendshi]) for menwhom the Roman generals had filledwith hatred ofthe Roman people. Afterward the ambassadors,who were sent to the Bastarnae, reported that theyhad observed that Macedonia was strongly fortifiedand had abundant war material, and that its youngmen were well drilled; and these things also dis-urbed

the Romans. When Perseus perceived thishe sent other ambassadors to allay the suspicion.At this time also Eumenes, king of that part of Asia 172lying about Pergamus, fearing Perseus on account ofhis own former enmity to Philip, came to Rome andaccused him publicly before the Senate, saying thathe had always been hostile to the Romans ; that hehad killed his brother for being friendly to them ;

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aveXoLy Ka\ ^LXiTnTM re irapaaKevi^v roarjuê /caravroiv (Tvvayayovri crvfirrpdêLe,oX âac\ v ;yev6/jL6vo(;vBkv eKkvaeiev avrr} i aWa kol irpoa-eêpydaairoerepa, koX rrjv 'KKkdâ d/ji rpco ;Oepanrevoi, Bvâvrioi ;e kuI AtVwXo?? koIBofWTot? avfjifia^7](Ta'i,ol SpaKyjv KaraKr ro,fieya op/xrjrijpLov, koX Serra\ov ; koI UeppaiôvBiaaraaLacreLe /BovXofjLevove irpeaêvcrairpo^V/JLd i.

2. Kat rMv vperepcov,^^^ pV (jilXcovol avfi-fid-)(wvÂ^povTToXivjiev dcfijjprjratrjv dp-)(^r]vÂpderavpov S'ip ^lWvpLOL i Buvdarrjv kol eKreiveviiTiôvXevcra^,oI rov ^ epyaaa/ievov^ vrroSi-Se/crai.^ BteâWe 5' avrov kul rd^ eTnyafiiaîâcTi\tKd i/KJicoevo/x6ia ;, kol rd ; vvix âya3yia6\w Tft) 'Vohioyvarokw 7rapa7r6/i(pd iaa i.yK\7j/u,a8* erroieiol rrjv eirLfiekeiav avrov kuI to VY](^d\Lorrj(;iaLrrj ;,vro ôvrco veov, Kal on rrpo-îtoWojvoîco^;v oXlyw dyairwro Kal erraLvolro. ^'qkovre Kal (f)96voval Seou? jxaXkov t)iyKXrjfidroivovBkv 6 ^v/bbivii'îToXiTrdiVye/ceXeue r't]v(TvyKXrjrovv(f)opda6ai,eov e'xPpovvBoKifiovvra Kal yeiro-vevovra.

3. 'H 8' cpyui fiev ovK dîovcraaacXea (T(o(f)pofcal i^LXoirovoval e? rroXXov ^ (îXdvOpwirov,uOp6(o ;ovrco(; eiraipopLevov Kal irarpiKov ovraa(f)L(TivOpov, iv iTXevpal ^ exîv, Xoycp S' airpovreivev 6 ^vixevi-j alrccopLevr],roXepbelv cKpiveru) Yiepcret. kol rovr aiT6ppr)roven iv a(j)LaLavroL i TTOLOviievoi,

KprraXov re irepLcjiOevrarapa

30


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRSthat he had aided Philip in collecting his great B;C.armament against them, an armament which, whenhe became king, he actually increased instead ofdiminishing ; that he was conciliating the Greeks inevery possible way and furnishing military aid to theByzantines, the Aetolians, and the Boeotians ; thathe had possessed himself of the great stronghold ofThrace and had stirred up dissensions among theThessalians and the Perrhaebi when they wanted tosend an embassy to Rome.2. And of your two friends and allies, he said, he drove Abrupolis out of his kingdom and con-spired

to kill Arthetaurus, the lllyrian chief, andgave shelter to his murderers. Eumenes alsoslandered him on account of his foreign marriages,both of which were with royal families,and for hisbridal processions escorted by the whole fleet ofRhodes. He even made into an accusation theindustry and sobriety of hfe which he shewedat such an early age, and the widespread popularityand praise which he had quickly attained.Of the things that could excite their jealousy,envy, and fear even more strongly than directaccusations, Eumenes omitted nothing, and he urgedthe Senate to beware of a youthful enemy so highlyesteemed and so near to them.3. The Senate, in reality because they did notchoose to have on their flank a sober-minded, labor-ous,

and benevolent king, an hereditary enemy tothemselves, attaining eminence so suddenly, butostensibly on the ground of Eumenes' allegations,decided to make war against Perseus. This intentionthey at present kept secret among theaiselves, andwhen Harpalus, who had been sent by Perseus

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APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY, BOOK JX

riepcrew? e? avTiKoyiav Kv/jl Vov ;,koX 'Vohiwv nva

Trpea/Sevjrjv,3ov\oiievovê? o^lnvtov Kv/jievr]

SieXeyx^'-^' '^CLp6vT0(;fxev en rod EtfyueVou? ov7rpocrt]/cavTO, /jLeraardvro ; Be iSeâvro./cat olixev iirl rwhe Trpwrov ayavaKrovvre ; re koI irap-prjcria'X^pcofievoLrXeov irdXefielv ôvXo/jLevov ;?)8?;'Pa)fiaLov ;Hepaet koX 'PoSiOi?pâXkov e^riypiwaavrSyv he /BovXevTMv ttoWol top YiVixevrjBl alriaêlôp vTTo (f)06iouol Seov^ airiov roaovSe TroXe-pou yevopevov. kuI 'FoSloc t)]V Oecoplau avrov,pLovov âcnXewv, e? rrjv eoprrjv rou 'HXlov TrepuTro-pevt)v ovK iSeâvTo.

4. Auto? S'e? rrjv Wâlav eTravioiv eK ]s.ippa ;?AeX(j)Ov ;aveâive Ovcrcov, koI avrcp TecraapaavSp6 ; VTTO TO TEiXiov vTToardvre'; eTreôvXevov.Koi dXXa i Be nva^ alTla ^ ol 'Vcopaloc e? rovUepaeco ; iroXepov 0)9 ovirco KeKptpevov irpoaeXapu-(Savov,Kol irpeaêt e? tou? cfilXov acnXea ;,Evpev)] Koi ^KvTioyov koI \\.piapdOy]P kol Macr-aavdaarjv koi YiToXepalov tov AlyvTrrov, Trepi-eirepirov, erepov^ B e? rrjv 'KXXdBa /cal Sea-aaXiav koX Hweipop kol ÂfcapvavLav, koX e? Ta?vr}(TOv ^, 6aa ; BvvaiVTO irpoaayayeaOar o kolpidXiaTa TOv ; EXXr}va ; erdparTev, t)Bopevov evTW Yiepael (ptXeXXrjpivn, dvayKaôpepov; 3'evLOv ; 'Vwpuiioi^ e? crvp^daei ;wp^^'^'5. *D.v 6 JJ paev ; alaOopievo^ eTTepurev e? 'P06-p^riv,aTTopcop re kol irvvOavopepo^ ri rradopreîeKXrjOovraL roip (ivyKeLpepwv koI Trpea/Sei Karavrov TrepiTrepLTTOvaipopro^ (plXov,eop, el Kai rip p(j)0Prai,oyrp Biafcpidrjvai.ol S' eveicdXovv32


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oaa \Lvfievri eliroi Koi nrdOoi, fcal fidXicrra onSpafcrjv KaraKTwro, icaX arpaTidp eyÔL kcli'Trapa(TKevr]Vovk r]peiirjaovTO ^dvSp6 i. 6 S' avOiîeirepLirev erepov^, o'li^ to ôv\evTr)pLOV'ira')(9evTe ;eXeyov cjSe' tol'^ jiev Trpo^dcreco^;? ttoXcôv, m'Pco/matoi,BeofievoiÛava Travra e? rr]V 7rp6 âaLvearlv. el 6'alêlaOe (TwO^fca t iroXvv d^LovvreâvTMV \6yov eyeiv, rl 7Ta96vTe ;viro lle/jcrea)?atpeade iroXefiov; ov yap ore arpaTidv ej(eL koi7rapaa/c V7]V. ov yap eyû ravra KaO' v/imv. ovSeT0v i dXXov(; KSKTrjaOai âaiXea ;KfoXvere' ovS'cIBlkoud(jâXo) ')(eLv? tol*? dpyofiivov^;koI rdirepioLKa, Ka\ el Ti? e^codeviriôvXevoi.Trpo? hev/jLck;,j dvhpe^ 'Pw/jialot,virep rijf;lprjvr) irpea-fSevae /calto.? (Tvvd)]Ka ievay'XP'^dveKaivLaev.

6. 'AA,X' Â^povTToXLVeê/SaXet}?dpxv^- eVt-Bpa/xovra ye Tot?))ixeTepoL^

/jLV] 6/jLevo ;.kuI tout'avro =; vfuv eBijkwae Y[epcrei) ;,Kal rd'iGvv9r)KaâvT(p fierd tovto dvevecoaaade, ovirw Bia^dXXovTO ;Ev/j.evov i. TO fX V St]Trepl A^poviroXivKal irpea-/SvrepGVeart rcov avvOrj/cwp,Kal irap vjjllv, oreavveTiOeade, BiKaiov e ^dvrj.oXo^p^cap eVe-arpdreva-ev ovat t/ }?Sia ;dp-)(fj(;,al Beivov el tmveavTOv Xoyiaphv vpuv 6(^Xrjaei.lBcocrtS' 6fu,co iTreplTToXXov 7roioufi i o ^v/jLd ;e /calBoâvdyaQiqv.eKTeivav B' ol AoXovre? olBe rov rjyovixevov avrwvalKiadfievoL,Kal ^^jrellep(Tev ;ri dv vjuLel ;Bpd-aare tou? uttt^/cool'? roiavra 7rpdâvra ;.XX34


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRSEumenes had told them, and also of what Eumenes b.c.had suffered,and especially of takhig possessionof Thrace and collecting an army and war material,in a manner which did not shew a desire for peace.Again he sent ambassadors who were broughtinto the senate-chamber, and spoke as follows : Tothose who are seeking an excuse for war, O Romans,anything will serve for a pretext, but if you haverespect for treaties

you who profess so much regardfor them what have you suffered at the hands ofPerseus that you should bring war against him ? Itcannot be because he has an army and war material.He does not hold them against you, nor do youprohibit other kings from having them, nor is itwrong that he should take precautions against thoseunder his rule, and against his neighbours, andforeigners who might have designs against him.But to you, Romans, he sent ambassadors to confirmthe peace and only recently renewed the treaty.6. But, you say, he drove Abrupolis out of hiskingdom. Yes, in self-defence, for he had invadedour territory. This fact Perseus himself explainedto you, and afterward you renewed the treaty withhim, as P],umenes had not yet slandered him. Theaffairof Abrupolis antedates the treaty and seemedto you just,hen you ratifiedit. You say that hemade war on the Dolopians, but they were his ownsubjects.t is hard if he is to be obliged to give anaccount to you of what he does with his own. Hegives it nevertheless, being moved by his high regardfor you and for his own reputation. These Dolopiansput their governor to death with torture, and Perseusasks what you would have done to any of yoursubjectsho had been guilty of such a crime. But

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'ApOSravpov Tive ; ave\ovTe ^ ev MaKcBovia BU-

rpiôv.KOCVM ye iravrcov auOpcoircov v6/xw,KaOa

KoX VfieZ^ Tou? erepcoOev j evyovra =;TroSeyêcrde.fjiaOoovBe Kol rovff'on eyKXrjjua iroielaOe,iêKrjpvêvavTOv ; rrj' PXV^ oX,?^?.

7. hvâvTLOL ie /calAtVcoXot? /cal Bo^coTOi? ovKad' vjjLcovaXXa KaO^ erepcov avvefiaxv^^^- f^^^^ravra iraXaL v/jllv7)/j,eTepoLTyoecrySei?/ji7]vuop,kolovK e/xe/xcpecTdeJiexpi' r}?Ev/xevou(; SmySoXr}?,vovK eldaare tou? 7)p,eT6pov ;rpecrlBei? o'-v/ravTOV eXeyâi. a\Xa ryjv eTTi/SovXyvrrjv evAeXôt? avTw yevo/xevyjv irpoa-ypuêTeLepael,TToawv 'KXXrjvwv,tgctcov Be /Bap^dpoyv /carEuyLteVou?TrpeaêvadvTcovrpo9 t'/â? ol? Traaive)(6p6 ^ eaTL tolovto^ wv. ^Kpevfiov Be topev ^pevreaio) rL i av TTiarevaeiev ore ITe/?creu?,'Vwixdlov ovra xal î\ovvpuerepov kol irpoêvov,e} Xr] pevirl rrjv tt}?ôvXtj^;(jyapp-aKeiav,?dvaXoiaai rrjv crvyKXyjTOV Bl* avrov Bvvduevo^, rjTou? viroXoLTrovî evixevearepov^ e^wv Bta toj)?dvaipov/ievov ;; dXX^ ^Rpevvio ^ fiev e-yêvaaroot'siirnpilBovcnve? tov TroXe/nov uyua? Tipoâa-ievay^/^fiova BlBov ;,Fj-ufxevr] 8' vtt eyddpa^;e kol(f)Oovovcat 8eou? ovBe ravr oiKvrjaev eyKoKeaaiWeptjely on 7roXXoL =; edveau KexctptcriJL6vo ikoI(piXeXXrjv,ol aa (f p6i^(0 ^vn fxeOrji;oI rpvc^?]ap')(eL. KOL ravO^ vfielâvrov Xeyovro ^ vrrecrrrjreaKpodcraaOat.8. ToLydproL rrjv eKeivov Bta/SoXTjvavêreKaO^vp,oiv o)? ov (pepovre ;co ppova ioi BiKaiov^ kol(pLXorrovov;Lrora ;. TTe/?crei)?' ^Kpevviov jiev36


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRS

the slayers of Arthetaurus lived on in Macedonia B.aYes, by the common law of mankind, the sameunder which you yourselves give asylum to fugitivesfrom other countries. But when Perseus learnedthat you considered this a crime he forbade themhis kingdom entirely.7. He gave aid to the Byzantines, the Aetolians,and the Boeotians, not against you, but againstothers. Of these things our ambassadors advisedyou long ago, and you did not objectuntil Eumenesuttered his slander against us, which you did notallow our ambassadors to answer in his presence.But you accuse Perseus of the plot against him atDelphi. How many Greeks, how many barbarians,have sent ambassadors to you to complain againstEumenes, to all of whom he is an enemy because sobase a man As for Erennius of Brundusium, whowould believe that Perseus would choose a Romancitizen, your hospitable friend, to administer poisonto the Senate, as though he could destroy the Senateby means of him, or by destroying some of themrender the others more favourable to himself?Erennius has lied to those who are inciting you towar, furnishing them with a plausible pretext.Eumenes, moved by hatred, envy, and fear,does noteven scruple to make it a crime on the part ofPerseus that he is liked by so many nations, that heis a Philhellene, and that he leads the life of atemperate ruler, instead of being a drunkard and aprofligate. And you endure to listen to such stufffrom his lips

8. Therefore the reproaches which you levelagainst him will recoil in an even greater measureon vour own lieads, since you will be seen not to

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fcalF^vfievT],Kol l Ti? dWo ; iOeXoc, TrpoKaXetTaiTrap* vfxlv e? iêraaivkol KplaLVy vfid^ 8' dva/xifi-vr)(TKeL fJLevtt}?? K-VTioypv rov [le^yav rod 7rarpo ;kavTOv irpoOvfiLa^ kol ^0J]$ La ;,9 i7riyLyvo/jLev7jKa\co ; yaddvecrOe, ala^pov Be irapekOovaî'^ iiTL-XaOeadai, 7rpo(êpeLe avvOrJKa ;rarpu a ; re KoiIBlaîirpo^ avTov vfilv y6vo/jLeva ;. Kal enl TOLcrBeovK oKvel Kal irapaKoXelv v/j,d ;,eov ;oD? oy/jLoaarealSelaOai, Kal fir) TroXefiov Kardp^êLV aS/Arco?e?(f)L\ov i,jOjS yK\r}/ia iroielaOai yeLTvlaatv Kal(TMCppoavvTjval TrapacTKevrjv,v yap d^LOv,co?Vlv/jL vov i,Kal vfiMV aTrreaOai cf)06vovj(f)6/3oTO Be evavTiov earl aa)(j)pov,fytlBeaOaieiTovwveinpieKoiv, Kal ? Eu/êV 7? (fiTjalv,v irape-jKeva 7pjkv( )vr9. Ot jxev Br) '7rpea/3eL ;oiavra elirov,oi BeovBev auTOi? d7roKpivdp.epoL tov iroX.ep.ov e? tocfâvepbvKvpovv. Kal 6 v7raT0 ; eKeXeve tou?7rp6(Tl3ei ;K /xev t/}?TroXeo)? avTr] i i)iiepa ;,K Berr} ^ ÎraXiaî rpidKOvra aXXaiî e^Levai.rd Beavrd Kal rot? eTriBrj/jLOvaLlafceBovcojeKyjpvrrevKal 66pv/3o iavTLKa fierd to (BovXevr^jpioveiri-(bOovo' r]V, ev 6\iyaL wpats; eXavvof-ievcov ToawvBeojJLOv, Kal ovBe viro^vyiaevpelv ev ovrco /3yoa;êtBiaaTTjfjiaTL,ovBe irdvra cêpcLVBvvafievcov. viroBe a7rovBT] ;1 fiev ovk eÔavoveirltol/? araO/iov^,aXV ev fieaai^ dveiravovro ral'^ 6Bol ^,1 Be irapdTal ^ irvXaL ^ liera rraiBcov eavTov ^ eppiiTTOvvKalfierd yvvaiKwv. Trdvra re eyiyvero oaa eiKOf; evaL(pviBi(pal ToicoBe KyjpvyfiaTr al^viBiovapavrol^ icfyalveTOid Ta? en rrpea/BeuK;.U. p. 364.3^


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRS

tolerate temperate, honest, and industrious neigh- b c.hours. Perseus challenges Erennius and Eumenesand anyhody else to scrutiny and trial before you.He reminds you of his father's zeal and assistance toyou against Antiochus the Great. You realized itvery well at the time ; it would be base to forget itnow that it is past. Further, he invokes the treatiesthat you made with his father and with himself, doesnot hesitate to exhort 3^ou also to fear the gods bywhom you swore, and not to bring an unjustwaragainst your alliesand not to make nearness, sobriety,ind preparation causes of complaint. It is notworthy of you to be stirred by envy or fear likeEumenes. On the contrary, it will be the part ofwisdom for you to spare neighbours who are diligentand, as Eumenes says, well prepared.9. When the ambassadors had thus spoken theSenate gave them no answer, but made a publicdeclaration of war, and the consul ordered theambassadors to depart from Rome the same day andfrom Italy within thirty days. The same orderswere proclaimed to all Macedonian residents.Consternation mingled with anger followed thisaction of the Senate, because, on a few hours' notice,so many people were compelled to depart together,who were not even able to find animals in so short atime, nor yet to carry all their goods themselves.Some, in their haste, could not reach a lodging-place, but passed the night in the middle of theroads. Others threw themselves on the ground atthe city gates with their wives and children. Every-hinghappened that was likely to follow such anunexpected decree, for it was unexpected to themon account of tlie pending negotiation.

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XII

Or* fJLera rrjv vlktjv 6 IIep(Tev ;,lt eTTLyeXcovKpdaaM Kol rcoOd^covvrov, etr aTroTretpco/u-eyo?oTTco? Tt (f)povi]/xaTO ;%oi, etre t^v 'VwjxaiwvSvvafjLiVe kol irapaaKev-qv v(f)opco/iievoi;,l'O'eripo)r(i) Xoyiafjiw, TrpocreTre/jiTrevvrw irepXSiaWajcov,KOI TToWd Sdoaeiv v7rto-)(i'eLT0v 6 Trarrjp tXt7r-TTo? ov crvve-)(û peL'5 kol fidWov i^ttottto? ^viiriyeXMv fcal Treipcofievo^;. 6 Se Uepcrel fievdireicpivaro ' a /xalwvdîaôvk elvai Sia\vaei ;avTW, el /iir]ol MaK S6va ; /caleavrov iTriTpe-êi'Fcofialotf;'alhovfievo 8' otl 'Fco/jLalott )?tJttt;Karrjpâv,KKkrjcrLav avvayayoov Secra-aXoi^; jievifMaprvprjaev )? dvSpdcnv dyaOol^; rreplrrjv avfx-(f)opdpevo/xevoL'^, AltcoXcov Se kol erepcov E\X?y-vo)v Kareyjrevo-aTO)? irpcvrcdv Tpairevrcov. kolTOVTov^ e? 'Pcofirjveireix'êv.d. p. 369.

XIII

To he XoiTTov rod Oepov; d/Kporepotreplctlto-Xoyiav eyiyvovTO, Tlepaev^ jxev iv to2 ; TrehioL'^dXcovevofievo^, 'VoypacoL 8e eV tw oTparoTreZM.Suid. V. dXwvev6pLevo ;.

XIV

'Ô? he TTpMTO^ îiPX^ '^^^ TTOVOV, e^r]K0VT0VT7cov KaX âpix; to acopa kol 7r /xeXr;?. id. v.TTipeXri'^.4


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRS

XII. From the SameAfter his victory Perseus,,either to make sport of b.cCrassuS;,and by way of joke,r to test his present ^^^

state of mind, or fearing the power and resourcesof the Romans, or for some other reason, sentmessengers to him to treat for peace, and promisedto make many concessions which his father, Phihp,had refused. In this promise he seemed to berather joking with him and testing him. ButCrassus replied that it would not be worthy of thedignity of the Roman people to come to terms withhim unless he should surrender Macedonia and him-elf

to them. Being ashamed that the Romans werethe first to retreat, Crassus called an assembly, inwhich he praised the Thessalians for their braveconduct in the catastrophe, and falselyaccused theAetolians and the other Greeks of being the firsttofly; and these men he sent to Rome.

XIII. From SuidasBoth armies employed the rest of the summer in

collecting corn, Perseus threshing in the fieldsandthe Romans in their camp.

XIV, From the Same

He(Q. Marcius)as foremost in labour, althoughsixty years of age and heavy and corpulent.

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X\

Tore Se eOei rt? Bp6/ji(p)]\o)acovrw Uepael\ovofi V(p Kol TO aoifJLa avaXafjL/SdvovTi.6 BeiîjXaTOod vBaTO ; ôo)V on eaXcofcoc irpo tt}?fjid')(7] ;.d. V. dvaXafi^dveiPb.

XVI''Ort riepcreu? dvaOappcov i'-jBt]ar oXljov /lera

T-i-jV(pvyyjp,iKLav koX ÂvhpovtKov, ol ? eVl rovKaTaTTOPTLCT/lOV TMV ^(prj/ldTCOVOl TOV /uiTTt]a flOVTcov veoiv i7T67r6fi(hei,TrepiTToujcra'^vTcp zeal ra?vav i KOL TO, '^p7]/jLaTa, avvi TTopa ^ rjyovfievo^;ala-)(pov(f)6/3ovoI eTepocîiâyyeXelv,TreKTeLvevd6e[xi(7T(x ^,Kol diro rovBe ev6v ^ etc /JLeTa/SoXia)//-o?zeal eij')(epri ? aVai'Ta? eyevero, kol ovSevvyLe ; ovS evôvXov ol eVt yp, dXX' 6 7nOavcoTaro ;e? eu/SovXiav kol XoylaaaOat, Seîo ;al evroX-/jLOTaro'i e? /jLdâ ;,ocra ye fir) a^dXXotro

Bedireipiav,ddp6(t) ;ore kol 7rapaX6y(o ;e? BeiXiavKal aXoyLariav irpdirero, koI ra)(V'^ kol evfierd-0eTO(;d(f)pci)ol aKatb i e? irdvTa eyevero, dp)(ôjjLe1/779 avTov eTTLXeiTreLv Tr) ^ tv^V^' oirep eariTToXXou? IBelv, /ieTa/3oXf] ;rpocnovorT]^ dXoywre-pov^ yLyvop.evov i eavrcov.

Val.p.

561 (hincSuid.V. Uepaeu^ 'MaKeBcov).XVII

On 'PoBlol 7r/oecr/3ei?? VldpKLOv eTrefi-yj(TWT]B6/JievoiCOV yeyovoTwv [Ylepa-et]. BeMapfac^ Tov ; 7rpea/3ei ;Bi'BaaKe 'PoStou? velaai42


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRS

XV. From the Same

Then somebody ran to Perseus, while he was bx.refreshing himself with a bath, and told him [that'^the enemy was approaching].e sprang out of thewater, exclaiming that he had been captured beforethe battle.

XVI. From Virtues and Vices Perseus, who was now gradually plucking upi 69

courage after his flight,wickedly put to death Niciasand Andronicus, whom he had sent with orders tothrow his money into the sea and to burn his ships ;because after the ships and money had been savedhe knew that they were witnesses of his disgracefulj)anic and might tell others of it. And from thattime, by a sudden change, he became cruel andreckless toward everybody. Nor did he show anysoundness or wisdom of judgmentthereafter, but he,who had before been most persuasive in counsel andshrewd in calculation and courageous in battle,except when he failed owing to inexperience, whenfortune began to desert him became suddenly andunaccountably cowardly and imprudent, as well as un-steady,

changeable and maladroit in allthings. Thuswe see many who lose their usual discretion whenreverses come.

XVII. From The EmbassiesThe Rhodians sent ambassadors to Marcius to con-gratulatehim on the state of affairs in his war

with Perseus. Marcius advised the ambassadors to43


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7r /JLylravra i'? 'Foo/jltjvhidXvcraL tov iroXeixov'VwiiaioL^ re kol Ylepael. fcal'PoSiotirvOofxevot/jbereTTtTrrov co? ov (f)avXo} ipôz^ro?rov Tlepaeo)^-ov yap eUaôv avev 'Vwfiaiwv ravra MdpfCLOveTnaKrJTTTeiv.S'ac/)'avrov kol rdSe kol ere paTToWa Sl* droXfiiav errparrev. 'I*6Slolfxev ovvKal )9 'JTpeaêL ^Trepurov e? 'Faypbrjv,Kal eripov^77/909 M.dpKiov. U. p. 369.

XVIII1. Gt^ VevOio^ âaL\ev ;'iXXvpiMv evo^ e6vov ;

TrpocroiKov M.aKeS6cn, UepcreL avjjbpLa'xoiy fVtTpiaKO(Tioi i raXdvroi^, cov re Kal 7rpoeiX7] pecre/SaXev6? Tr)v vtto 'VcofiaLOLf; IXXupiSa, KalirpeajBei^repl tovtcov tt/jo? avrov eXOovra^ YVep-irevvav Kal YleriXiov eSijcrev. v 6 Uepcrev ialcr06/j.6vo ivKeri rd Xoiird rcov 'X^prjfidrcovirepi-irev ct)9 ^]^riKal Si aurov ^V(DiiaiOL 7re7roXe/ii(o/jL -vov. 69 Se Vera ^ eTrefiTre tov ; virep Icrrpov, KalKv/jL6Vov ;direTreipaaev eirl 'X^pi^pLaatv) fieraOe-adai 77^009 avTov, rj SiaXvaac tov TToXepiOV, tjdfi(f)OTepoL iKaTrjvaL tov dyo)VO i, ev ixev elSux;ov X^jao/jieva Tavra 'Fco/xaiov^;,eXTri^wv 8' y)TTpaêivL avTMV rj ttj ire'ipa Bia/SaXeLV tovKvfjievTj.6 Be fxeTaOrjaeaOaipev oxjk e(\ r],dXavTa8' rJTetT7}9piev 8LaXvaeco(; ^^Xia Kal irevra-Koata, T/}9 Be r](TV)(ia ')(îXia.al 6 liep-o-eL'9 ^^Bi]VeTWV avTw irpocnevai pLiaOocôpovpivpiov =; iTTTTeaî Kal pivplov^ 7reôv ;rvOop.evo'^,44


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRSpersuade the Rhodians to send legates to Rome to ^.cbring about peace between the Romans and Perseus.When tlie Rhodians heard these things they changedtheir minds, thinking that the affairsof Perseus werenot in such a bad state, for they did not think thatMarcius would have enjoinedthis without theconcurrence of the Romans. But he did this andmany other things on his own motion, by reason ofcowardice. The Rhodians nevertheless sent am-bassadorsto Rome and others to Marcius.

XVIII. From Virtues and Vices1. Genthius, king of a tribe of Illyriansbordering les

on Macedonia, having formed an alliancewith Perseusin consideration of 300 talents, of which he hadreceived a part down, made an attack upon RomanIllyria,and when the Romans sent Perpenna andPetilius as ambassadors to enquire about it, he putthem in chains. When Perseus learned this he de-ided

not to pay the rest of the money, thinking thatGenthius had already, by his own action, made him-elfan enemy of the Romans. He also sent legates

to the Cjetae on the other side of the Danube, andhe offered money to Rumenes if he would come overto his side,or negotiate for him a peace with Rome,or help neither party in the contest. He knew wellthat the Romans would hear of this and hoped eitherto achieve one of these things, or to cast suspicionon Eumenes by the very attempt. Eumenes refusedto come over to his side, and he demanded 1500talents for negotiating a peace, or 1000 for remainingneutral. But now Perseus, learning that 10,000 footand as many horse were coming to him as mer-cenariesfrom the Getae, began forthwith to despise

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APPIAN'S ROMAN HIStORV, BOOK IXavTLKa Tov KvfMevovf; KaT6(f p6i' (,oi tt}?/xevr)(jv')(ia^vK ecjiTj

cocreivovBev {ai(i)(^vi t]vap(jiepeiv/i(j)OLv),a Be t?}?Sia\v(T6a)(;v Trpohoxreip,aW ev 1.afjLo6paKr)KaTaOt'jaeLV yu-e^ptykvoiTO ?;hiaXvari^;,evfieTaôXo tjSt]koI pLiKpo\6yo ;viro6eo^\a(3eia ;? TrdvTa y v6/ievo ;.eiô? Be covrjXTTiaevyuw? ovk airkTvy^, 'Fcofiaioi^ Ku/xeiôu?vrroTTTOv yevofievov.

2. Verwv Be tov ^'JcrrpovirepaauvTcov, eBoKCtKXoiXbrp fjLevto) rjye/iovc BoOrjvai'^^lXlou' (^puaov^(TTarrjpa^;,inrel S' eKciarw BeKa, kol ra rj/jLLO-eaTre^ft)-calrovro cTVfxiTav rjv oXljm irXeov irevre-KaiBeKa fivptdScov ')(^pv(jlov,6 Be ')(\aiJivBa ij,evTLva^ eTDjjeTO kuI y\re\ia)(^pv(Taoi tVTrou? e?Bcopeav TOt? r)yovfiei oL i,Kal aTarrjpa^ (êpofievoixvpiov^, Kal 7r\'}]aidaa ;/xereTre/iTrero KXolXiov.6 Be Tov ; e\66vTa =;,l (pepovcno 'X^pvaiov,i^pero,Kal fjuaOcovovk exoi Ta ; dvaarpe peiveV avroveKeXevaev. mv 6 TLepaevf;7rv66jii uo ;,rdXiv avroveXavvovTO'^ 6eov, Karr^yopei tcov Tercov ev ruli;(fiiXoLK jjLeTaôX')] ô? cpvaeajf;TTiaTov, KalvrreKpLvero fir) dappelv Bicr[ivpLov' vrcov e? toarparoireBov VTroBeâaOat,jl6Xi ;' cf)7]jbvpiov^,wv Kal vecDTepLôvTOvparrjo-ai BvvaaOai.3. Tavra Be toU ^tXoi?elrrcovrepa to?? TeTai ieirXdrrero, Kal to i^fiicrvr] ^ aTpaTid ; jJTet,o')(^pv(Tiovto yiyvofievov VTTLa)(yovfjLevo iBcocreiv.ToaavTTi^ dv(o/jLaXia ieyejie, cppovTu^covprjixdrcovTOiV TTpb/Spaxôî? OdXaaaav /jbeOei/jbevcov.BeK.XolXio ; tov ; d^LKO/nevovBcovijpeTO fiera ôi]^46


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRSEumenes, and said that he would pay nothing for his b c.neutrality, for that would be a disgrace to both of ^^^them, but for negotiating a peace he would not failto pay, and would deposit the money in Samothraceuntil the treaty was concluded, so fickle and meanin all matters had he become in his infatuation.Nevertheless, one of the things that he hopedfor took place ; Eumenes fell under suspicion atRome.

2. When the Getae had crossed the Danube, theyclaimed that there should be given to Cloelius,theirleader, 1000 gold staters and also ten to eachhorseman and five to each foot soldier, the wholeamounting to a littleover 150,000 pieces of gold.Perseus sent messengers to them bearing militarycloaks, gold necklaces, and horses for the officers,and 10,000 staters. When he was not far from theircamp he sent for Cloelius. The latter asked themessengers whether they had brought the gold, andwhen he learned that they had not, he orderedthem to go back to Perseus. When Perseus learnedthis,he was again persecuted by Heaven, and capri-iously

complained among his friends of the faithlessnature of the Getae, and pretended to be afraidto receive 20,000 of them in his camp. He saidthat he could with difficultyreceive 10,000 of them,whom he could subdue ifthey should rebel,3. Wliile saying these things to his friends, hetold other lies to the Getae and asked for halfof their force, promising to give them gold that w^ascoming in to him so inconsistent was he, and soanxious about the money that he had ordered to bethrown into the sea a littlewhile before. Cloelius,seeing the messengers returning, asked in a loud

47


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el TO ')(pV(TLOVKeKOfjLLKacn, KOI l3ov\OfX VOV iXeycLv eKeXeve irpoirov elTrelvirepl rod ;T^/)L'crtof.0)9 8' efiaOev ovk exovra^;, ovk avaG-xpixevo'^ avrwvovK cLKOvaai, rrjv crrpaTiav airriyev oTriaw. koIYlepa6v ^ d(f)rip7]T0oI r^jaSecru^tâ;)^ta9,ttoWt}?re fcalKara /caipov eXOovarj^. vtto S' cK^pocrvvq^;ev ÎXa ')(eLixd^(t3VoX arparov fc'% ^'roXvv eo -aaXiav fiev ovk eirhpex^v, ?)

'Vwfjiaioi Xopr]y LTpo(j)d i,9 Se r7]u 'Icoviav eVe/iTre KcoXvecv rrjvdyopdv rrjv iiceWev avroU (p6po/jLevr]j;.al. p.562.

XIXOrt IlavX(p eV evTuxica ToarjorheyevofJievM toBat/ioviovi(f)06vij(Tett}?euTf^/a?. kul ol recr-

adpcdv iraitwv ovrcov tou'^ fiev irpea^vrepovâvTOiv 69 OecTLV aXXoL ; iSeScoKeiyMdîpôve koX^KLTTicova,OL'9 Se v6Q)T pov ; dfjL(f)0)auve^rj,ovfxev irpo TpLMV rjfiepMV rov OpidpLôvrov Se [xeraTrevre, diroOavelv. kol tovt ovS6vo ; rjTTOV oYiavXo i KareXoyicraro rw B^jfio).9ov ^ yap 6vto ;T0t9 (TTparriyolî KaraXeyetv rd Treirpay/xeva,irapeXOoov i ;rr}V dyopdv elirevi ;fiev KepKvpav i/c'BpevTecTLOV SiaTrXevaaL jxid'^r)/Mepa ;,gk he Kep-Kvpa ; Trevre jxev e'9 êXcpov^;hevaai koI Ovaai rw6eu ,irevre Be dXXai. ;9 ecraaXiav irapayeveaOaLKol irapaXafBelvrov arparov, diro Se ravrijsirevreicaiheKadXXai^ eXelvHepaea koX MaKehova'îrapaXa/Secv. ovtco Se 6fe )9dTrdvrcov eTrLTVxd vhelaai /irjt tm arparCp avfiTrecrou irpo'^ vfidêiravLovTL. SLaaco6evTO i Be rod arparov irepl48


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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRS

voice whether they had brought the gold, and wlien b.c.they wanted to talk about something else he orderedthem to speak of the gold first. When he learnedthat they had not got it, he led his army homewithout waiting to hear another word from them.Thus Perseus deprived himself of these alliesalso,whowere numerous and had arrived at an opportunemoment. He was so foolish,also,that while winteringwith a large army at Phila he made no incursion intoThessaly, which furnished supplies to the Romans,but sent a force to Ionia to prevent the bringing ofsupplies to them from that quarter.

XIX. From the SameHeaven was jealousof the prosperity of Pauluo

when he had reached such a pinnacle of fortune.Of his four sons, while he gave the two elder,Maximus and Scipio,for adoption into other families,the two younger ones died, one of them three daysbefore his triumph and the other five days after it.Paulus alluded to this as much as anything in hisaddress to the people. When he came to the forumto give an account of his doings, according to thecustom of generals, he said, '' I sailed from Brun-dusium to Corcyra in one day. Five days I was onthe road from Corcyra to Delphi, where I sacrificedto the god. In fivedays more I arrived in Thessalyand took command of the army. Fifteen days laterI overthrew Perseus and conquered Macedonia. Allthese strokes of good fortune coming so rapidly ledme to fear the approach of some calamity to thearmy on my return. When the army was made safe,

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APPiANS ROMAN HISTORY, BOOK IX

v[ioyv iSe8oLK tv,' ecf) ]'*' (j)6ov poap 6 Sai/JLcov.69 i/x Se a'7T0(7Kr]y^avT0 ;ov KaKov, koI dOpoco^fiOL TOii Svo TTaiScovaTToOavovTCdv, eiT i/iavTO)fievelfit/3apvav/ji(f)opcoTaro ;,Vt Se iifuv d/jLepi/jLvo ;ravT elircov,koX KaTa6av[jia^6[xevo iirl irdcnv,olKTi.^6/jL vo ie gttI ro2 ; T6KP0i i, fxer ov ttoXvv^povov d-freOai'ep.id. p. 565.

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MACEDONIAN AFFAIRSI feared for you on account of the enviousness of b.c.fate. Now tliat the calamity falls upon me, in the ^'^^sudden loss of my two sons, I am the mostunfortunate of men for myself, but free from anxietyas to you, Having spoken thus, Paulus becamethe objectof universal admiration on account of allliisexploits,and of commiseration on account of hischildren ; and he died not long after.

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BOOK XTHE ILLYRIAN WARS


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K'

lAATPIKH

ICAP. 1. ÎWvpiov^ E\X7)V ^ rjyovi^raL tou^; virep reMafcedoviav kol Spafcrjv airo âovwv koI Secr-

TrpcoTMV iirl Trorafjiov Icrrpov. koI tovt iarlT }?'X(opa ;TO /AT/ATO?,eupo? S' e/c M.aK B6vcL veKal Spa/ccbu TMV opelcoviirl Uaiova^; /cal rov^lovLov Kal ra irpoirohatwv AXirecov. /caleariTO fiev vpo ;r)fjLepMvcevre, to Be firjKO'TpidicovTa,KaOa Kal rots' ''EWrjcnv etpt^Tat. 'FcofialoyveTr]V ')((jL)pavieTpifcFaixevcovaTcv virep kâKLa^CX.t,ov ; aTuBiovq to /jlP]ko ;,al to ttXcito? dp.(plov^'îXlov ;al BiaKoaiov;.2. (PacrlBe t ]v piev X'^P^^ eTrcovvfiovîWvpiovTov I]o\v(f)}]/.ioueveaOai' Ilo\v(f)7]/xfpap twKvkXcottc Kal TaXaTela \\e\Tov Kal ^WXvpiQv KalVaXav TralBa'; 6vTa ; eôppirjaaiiKeXia'^,KaldpâtTwv Bl avToi)^ KeXrwi' Kal îXXvpicov KalFaXaTcbv Xeyopievcov. Kal ToBe jjlol /laXLo-Ta,TToXXd pLvOevovTcov eTepa ttoXXc^p, dpeaKei.^YxXvpup Be iralBa ^ 'Ey;\;eXe xKal KvTapikaKal AdpBavov Kal MalBov Kal TavXavTa KalUeppaiôvyepeaOai, Kal 6vyaiepa ^ TiapOcb Ka)54


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BOOK XTHE ILLYRIAN WARS

I1. The Greeks call those people lllyrianswho chap.

occupy the region beyond Macedonia and Thrace . .from Chaonia and Thesprotia to the river Danube, of theThis isthe length of the country,while itsbreadth is ^ ^ ^from Macedonia and the mountains of Thrace toPannonia and the Adriaticand the foot-hillsof theAlps. Its breadth is five days' journeyand itslength thirty so the Greek writers say. TheRomans measured the country and found its lengthto be upwards of 6000 stades and its width about1200.2. They say that the country received its namefrom Illyrius,the son of Polyphemus ; for theCyclops Polyphemus and his wife, Galatea, hadthree sons, Celtus, Illyrius,and Galas, all of whommigrated from Sicily,and ruled over the peoplescalled after them Celts, lllyrians and Galatians.Among the many myths prev^ailingamong manypeoples this seems to me the most plausible.Illyriushad six sons, Encheleus, Autarieus, Dardanus,Maedus, Taulas, and Perrhaebus, also daughters,

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APPIAN'S ROxMAN HISTORY, BOOK XCAP. AanpOo) Kol Aaaaapco fcal ereâ?, odev elalTavXdvTLoi re koX Ueppaiôl kol 'E7;êA,ee9

KaX AvTapieL ; kol AdpSavoi koI UapOrjvol KalAaaaaprjTiOi Kal Aupacoi. AvrapieL Se avrwliavvoviov Tjyovvrac nralSa 77 Ylaiova 'yeveadai,KOL ^KophicTKOValovL Kal TpijSaWov,wv 6/jLOlo)TO, edvT] irapoovvfjiaeivat. Kal rdSe fiev tol sdp'XCLLoXo'yovcn,iiedelaOw, 3. fyevr)8'eartv 'iWi;-pLO)v,o)? iv ToafjSe^^capa,roWd. Kal irepicovufiaen vvv, ^(aipav vefio/xeva 'jroWrjv, ^KopBlcrKcovKalTpij3aWci)v, ot e? togovtov dX\i]\ov ; TroXefjuo)SL (f)$6ipavt)9 TpiâWcov et ri vTroXoLirov ^v e ?Fera?

virepYarpov

(pvyelv,al 76^09 aK^daav/J'^xpt'iXiTTTTOV re real AXe^dvhpovvv eprjfiovKal dvcovvfiovrol ^'^fl^ lvat,%kopSl(tkov ;edaOeveaTdroVs dirorovBe yevo/JLevov;VTro'Vcofiaicoi'vcrrepov ofioia iraOelv Kal 9 ra? vr]aov ; rovavTov TTOTa/jLov (fyvyelv,rvv yjpovw Be Tiva s eirav-eXOtiv Kal YiaLovcov ea'xaTLalîirapoiKrjcraL'oOevecFTi KOL vvv ^KopBiaKwv yevo^ iv Tlaioaiv. rw3'avT(p rpoTTO) Kal ÂpBialot rd OaXdcraia 6vre idpidTOL 7r/309 Avrapiecov dplarcov ovtwv rd Karayrjv, TToXXd ^Xd-âvre vr .{) ;,/uco^ etpOdprjaavKOL vavrLKol fiev

iirl rol^ \\pBLaLOL iyevovroAi^vpvoi,yevo^ erepov 'iXXvpLcov, ot rov ^loiiovKal Ta9 vi'](Tov ;eXrjarevov vavcrlvodKeiai e KalKov j)ai(;,dev ere vvv 'P(o/j.aloLrd K0V(paKal oêaBiKpora At^vpvlBa Trpoaayopevovcriv.56


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IHE ILLYRIAN WARSPartho, Daorthoj Dassaro, and others, from whom chap.sprang the Tauhintii,tlie Perrhaebi, the Enchelces, ^the Autarienses, the Dardani, the Partheni, theDassaretii,and the Darsii. Autarieus had a sonPannonius, or Paeon, and the latter had sons,Scordiscus and Triballus,from whom also nationsbearing similar names were derived. But I willleave these matters to the archaeologists.3. The Illyriantribes are many, as is natural in soextensive a country ; and celebrated even now arethe names of the Scordisciand the Triballi,whoinhabited a wide region and destroyed each other bywars to such a degree that the remnant of theTriballi took refuge with the Getae on the otherside of the Danube, and, though flourishinguntilthetime of Philip and Alexander, is now extinct and itsname scarcelyknown in the regions once inhabitedby it. The Scordisci, having been reduced toextreme weakness in the same way, and havingsuffered much at a later period in war with theRomans, took refuge in the islandsof the same river.In the course of time some of them returned andsettled on the confines of Pannonia, and thus ithappens that a tribe of the Scordiscistillremains inPannonia. In like manner the Ardiaei, who weredistinguished for their maritime power, were finallydestroyed by the Autarienses, whose land forceswere stronger, but whom they had often defeated.The Liburni, another Illyriantribe,were next to theArdiaei as a nautical people. These practised piracyin the Adriatic Sea and islands,with their light,fast-sailing pinnaces, from which circumstance theRomans to this day call their own light, swiftbiremes Liburnians.

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APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY, BOOK XCAP. 4. AvTapL a ; Be (paalvk 6eo[3\aêia iAttoX-\o)vo ;9 e(T)(arov kukov TrepieXOelv. MoXttrTo/xw

'yap avTov^ koL KeXroZ? rol^ Ki/jL^poL ; yofjL6voi ieTTi AeXôO?avarparevcraLy kuI (f)Oaprjvaixev av-Ti/ca Tov ; 7r\ ova ; avrcov irpo eTTL-)(eipriae(o ;,ercovcrcîaLal OveXXr)^ koi irpTjarTJpcov/jLTrecrovrcov,iTTLyeveaOaiSe Tot viroarpe^lraaLVireipovârpd--^wv Tr\r)9o ^,L BiaaairevTe^ to, vdfiara Bie-(f)6 Lpav.al K Trj 7/}?r/JLCOVroTrcovyevofievcovXo/yLtO? ^P ÎWvpCCOV KOL (f)06po ivTapLCcovfidXcara, /J'ixP (j) vyovTe ^d OLKela, Kal rovXoLfiov a (filerTTepL êpovTe i,vSevo^ aurovf; Sexo-fievov Bid Tovro to 8eo? virepriXOovohov rjjiepwveiKOdL Kal Tpioiv, Kal rrjv Teroyv eKwhi-]KaldoLKrjTov,irapd to âcTTepvMV eOvo'^,coKrjaav.KeXroi? Be 6 6eo^ rrjv yr]V eaeicre Kal ra? TroXef?KarrjveyKe' Kal rb KaKov ovk eXrjye, /Jt'ixP^f'otBe rd OLKela (hevyovTe ; iveâXove? ^l\\vpiov ;TOv ; avvaixapTovra^ a(f lat,v,(j9evel itto rovXoifiov yevofievov^, Kal iBrjcoadve rd eKeivwv, KalTov XoL/xov jxeraaxovre^ ecpvyoual fiexpi^vpTjvr]îXerjXdrouv. eTriarpecpovaL' avroh e? rrjv eco,'Vco/jLaloi.,eSiore?utto jJLvrjpLy) imv irpoireiroXepiri-KOTCov G^LcnKeXrwv, /jlt]Kal o7Bee? rijv JraXiavvirep A^Trei? icr/3dXoiev,dirrjvrwv d/xa tol ;virdroi^;al Travcnpand BlcoXXvpto. Kal to 7rd0o ;rovro 'Fcofiaicovfieya Beo ;KeXrMV e? oXrjv rrjvÎraXiav eveâXe,fxexpi Vdiov MdpLov eXofievoia4)6)vol 'Fco/JâloLaTparrjyeLV, dpri AijSvcovTot?NofidcTLKal yiavpovcTLOiêyKparo)^ ireiroXeixrjKora,TOV? }S.LJJL/3pOV iviKcov Kal TToXvv (f)6vovVTMVelpydaavTO iroXXaKL'^,w? fioiirepllêXroiVXeyovri58


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THE ILLYRIAN WARS4. The Autnriensesare saidto have hecn overtaken chap.

withdestructionby the vengeance ofApollo. Having ^joinedoHstomus and the Celticpeople calledCimbri ofApTuo'in an expedition against the temple of Delphi, thegreaterpartofthem were destroyedat once by storm,hm-ricane, and hghtning before the sacrilegewasattempted. Upon those who returned home therecame a countless number of frogs,whose bodiesdecayed and polluted the streams, and noxiousvapours rising

from the ground caused a plagueamong the lllyrianswhich was especiallyfatalto theAutarienses. At last they fled from their homes,and stillcarryingthe plague with them (andorfearof itnobody would receive them),hey came, afterajourneyf twenty-three days, to a marshy anduninhabiteddistrictof the Getae,where they settlednear the Bastarnae. The Celtsthe god visitedwithan earthquake and overthrew their cities,and didnot abate the calamity until these also fled fromtheir abodes and made an incursion into Illyriaamong theirfellow-culprits,who had been weakenedby the plague. While robbing the lllyrianstheycaught the plague and againtook to flightand reachedthe Pyrenees, plundering as they went. But whenthey were returning to the east the Romans, mindfulof theirformer encounters with the Celts,and fearfullestthese too should cross the Alps and invade Italy,sent againstthem both consuls,who were annihilatedb.c. io5with the whole army. This calamity to the Romansbrought great dread of the Celts upon all ItalyuntilFirst con-Gaius Marius, who had latelytriumphed over the f 'il]Numidians and Mauretanians, was chosen commanderand defeated the Cimbri repeatedly with greatslaughter,as I have related in my Celtic history.

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APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY, BOOK XCAP. eiprjrai, ol he a(j6evel e ijSr]yevo/jtevoL Kal

7rdaT) ;779 airoKXeLOfievoi Slclto aa6eve i,e? toOLKela eiravrfkOovroWa /cat Bpdaapre^ koI ira-06vT6 i.5. ToiovTov fi V BrjreXo? t% da-e/ScLa^êo?iiredriKev iXkvpiot^ re kol KeXrot?* ov firjvdireaxovTO r?)?lepoavXia^;,XX' avOi^, d}ia roh

KeXrot?, îWvpcMV ol %KopSL(rKotfidXicrTa KalMat8ot Kal AdpSavoL rrjv MaKeSovlav eirehpajJLovofJLOvKOL rr)V 'EWdSa, kol ttoWo. t(ov lepwp KalTO AeXcpLKouavXrjcraVittoXA-ou? dirajSaXovre'ofjLco^;al t6t6. 'Vwixaloi,S'eôvre^ 'IjSt]evrepovKal rptaKoarov eVo? aTTo rr}? Trpcorrj^ eVKeXrou? ireipa^yal iêKeivoviroXefiovvre^ avTot^CK Biao-rrj/jidTcov,TncrrpaTevovat rol^ 'iWvpLolêVl rfiSejj lepoavkia r)'yovfjLevovAcvklov Xki-'7rvo)vo ;, ijSr)rcov re 'EWrjvoyv Kal MaKeBopcov7rpoaTaTovvre ;. KaC f aat,ov? fiev irepi'^ciipovOl) crvfjLfia-)(^fj(TatOt? i poavXoi i,aXV eKovraîiyKaraXLTrelv rw ^KLTTicoviôr]OT]rov ;,ivrjjjLT]Tcbv 5i' Auraptea? e? 7rdvTa ;^lWvpLov i avfju-ireaovTwv ^KLiridivae ^KophiaKOV^ fxev Sia-p6elpai,al el tl Xoiirov avrcov rjv, e? rov^lcrrpovKal Td ivf']crov ;rod TTora/xov fieToiKrjaai (f)vy6vTaMatSoi? he Kal Aaphavevat avvOeaOau hwpohoKrj-aavra tov lepov y^pvalov. KaC ri ; (j)7j

mvIraXiKcov avyypacêoiv)? hid tovto fidXtara*Fco/jLaLOL TrXeozô)? fMerd AevKiov rd i/jL^vXirjK/xaae /J-expi'fxovapxCa ;'Kal irepl fMev tcovvofXLtÔjxevwvlvaiTol { \^XX'r)(TLvIXXvpLOivroaavrd/lot'7TpoXeXe)(d(o,60


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THE ILLYRIAN WARSBeing reduced to extreme weakness, and for that chap.reason excluded from every land, they returnedhome, having inflictedand sufferedmany injuries.

5. Such was the punishment which the god visitedupon the Illyriansand the Celts for their impiety.But they did not desist from temple-robbing, foragain, in conjunctionith the Celts,certain Illyriantribes, especially the Scordisci,the Maedi, and theDardani, again invaded Macedonia and Greece simul-aneously,

and plundered many temples, includingthat of Delphi, but with lossof many men this timealso. The Romans, thirty-two years after their firstencounter with the Celts,having fought with themat intervalssince that time, now, under the leader-hip

of Lucius Scipio,made war against the Illyrians,on account of this temple-robbery, being now inpossession of Greece and Macedon. It is said thatthe neighbouring tribes,remembering the calamitythat befell all the Illyrianson account of the crimeof the Autarienses, would not give aid to thetemple-robbers, but deliberatelyabandoned them toScipio, who destroyed the greater part of theScordisci,the remainder fleeing to the Danube andsettlingin the islandsof that river. He made peacewith the Maedi and Dardani, accepting from themas a bribe part of the gold belonging to the temple.One of the Roman writers says that this was thechiefcause of the numerous civilwars of the Romansafter Lucius Scipio' time tillthe establishment ofthe empire. So much by way of preface concerningthe peoples whom the Greeks calledIllyrians.

6i


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APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY, BOOK XCAP. 6. 'PcoyuatotBe kol rovahe koI Halova^ iir

avTOL ; Koi 'Pairov^ fcal NcopCKOV'^ koL Mi/ctol'?Tou? ev KvpcoTrrj,ol oaa ciWa 6/iopa tovtol^ ivSeîarou^larpov KarairXeovrL (pKyrat, Siaipovatfiev o/jiOLCo ;ol ; ^ÊWrjaiv airo 'EWyjvcov,olKoKovai TOL ; ISlol ;ifcaarovf;ovo/iaat, /coLvfjeirdvTa ;'IWvpiSa rjyovvraty oOev fiev ap^dpievoTrjaSerrj' 6^7] ^,vk eaôv e'vpelv,xpîpievoihavrfioi vvv, oirov kol to reXo^; rwvBe rcov idvwv,OLTTO avicT'ôvTO larpov fiexpi' t?}? IIovTtKr]^;OdXucrar]'^,vcf)^v eKiMiaOovcnkoi ^WXvpiKov reXo?Trpoaayopevovaiv. ottco? Se avTOv ; virrfyd'yovTO'FcofiaLoi,a)/JLo\6yrjaaxev koI ireplKprjTY) ;eycovovx vp6iv Ta? dKpLêl cov iroX^p.covdp')(^d ;eKol 7rpo(f)da i ;,al e? tovto tou? hwapLevov^;riTrXeov etiTelvTrape/cdXovv oaa 6' avT6 i eyvwv,dvaypdylrco.

IICAP, 7, Âypcov Tjvâcn\ev ;iXXvpioiV p,epov ; dfi(f)

Tov KoXiTOV rij ;aXdaai]^ tov ^loviov,ov Brj koiIlvppo 6 T7] i'HTretpou ySacr/Xeu?KaTel-)(eKal olrdWvppov BiaSe^dpLevoi,'Aypwv 8'epuraXiv Tfj ;e'HTrelpovnvd Kal KopKvpav eV avTol i Kal 'Kttl-hapivov Kal ^dpov KaraXa^covepixppovpal)(^ i'7n7rXeovTo ; S'avrov Kal tov dXXou lopiov,vijao^,f)ovopLa laaa, eirl'VcopbaioviKaTecpvyev. ol Be7rpeal3eL iOi? âa-ioi'âvverrepL-\lrav,laopLevovf;a^'Aypcovo i? avT0v ; iyKXyp-ara. toI ;Be7rpea/3ecnvTL TrpoaTrXiovaive7rava~x6evTe' iXXvpiKolXepbjSoiTMV piev ^laaicovirpeaêvTrjVXeepuropw, toju Be62


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THE ILLYRIAN WARS6. These peoples, and also the Pannonians, the chap.Rhaetians,the Noricans, the Mysians of Europe, and '

the other neighbouring tribes who inhabited theright bank of the Danube, the Romans distinguishfrom one another justas the various Greek peoplesare distinguishedfrom each other,and they calleachby its own name, but they consider the wholeof lllyrias embraced under a common designation.Whence thisidea took its start I have not been ableto find out, but it continues to this day, for theyfarm the tax of allthe nations from the source of theDanube to the Euxine Sea under one head, and callit the Illyriantax. How the Romans subjugatedthem, and what exactly were the causes and pretextof the wars, I acknowledged, when w ritingof Crete,that I had not discovered,and I exhorted those whowere able to tellmore, to do so. I shallwrite downonly what I myself learnt.

II7. Agron was king of that part of lllyriawhich chap.

borders the Adriatic Sea, over which sea Pyrrhus,^^

king of Epirus, and his successors held sway. Agron ^ ^' ^^in turn captured a part of Epirus and also Corcyra,j.^ aJ'

Epidamnus, and Pharus in succession,and establishedgarrisons in them. When he threatened the restof the Adriatic with his fleet,the isle of Issaimplored the aid of the Romans. The latter sentambassadors to accompany the Issiiand to ascertainwhat offencesAgron imputed to them. The Illyrianlightvesselsattacked the ambassadors as they sailedup, and slew Cleemporus, the envoy of Issa,and the

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APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY, BOOK XCAP. 'FcofxalcDVopoyKuviov avaipovaiv ol he XolttoISieSpaaav avrov^. kul eVt rwSe 'Fco/xaicoveV^\WvpLov ; vavalv 6/jlovov Tre^w(Trparevovrwv,Aypcov fjL v em TraiStw a-puKpw, Ulvvtj ovofia,

(iTroOvrjcTKei,fjyvvacKl rrjv ap')(y]vTnTpoTrevetvra iraihlirapahov^, Kaiirep ovk ovarj /irjrplrodTraiSiov,A7]fX7]TpLO(;' o ^cipov r) yovfJLevo ;AypwvL(^dpov Tc yap avrrj^;jpyê,fcaliirlrrjSeKop-Kvpa ;)rapehwKev a/Kpco'Vcofiaioa eTTLirXeovcnvK 7rpoBo Tia ;.l 8' iirlravrai^ ^Kirihaixvov?(piXiavTrrjydyovTO,Kol T0t9 ÎcrauoK;koI 'Ett^-Ba/jLVLOL iTToXLopKOVfievoif;vtto ÎWuptcov 9 eTTl-Kovpiav enrXeov. îXXvptol fxev By Td ;7roXLopKLa ;XvaavTe ; dvex(* povv,Kai rive^ avroov e? 'Pa -/jLaiov ^,lÂrivTavol XeyofxevoL, fiereTLOevTO.jxerdravTa Be 77 Aypcovo ; yvvt} 7rp cr^ i ;? 'VayfirjveTre/jLyjred re alxp^dXcora diroBiBovra^;vTOL ; fcalTOi;? auTO/ii6Xov(;yovra^, koI eBelro (Tvyyvco/jLr] ;rvxêiv rcov ovk e'^'eauT?)?dXX* eVi Ay pcovo ;yevofievcov. ol Be direKpivavToKopKvpav fiev kol^dpov KOL 'lacravkol ^îrlBafivovol ^YkXvpiwvTov ; ÂriVTavov ; ijBtj'FcofiaicovvirriKoovi elvai,TlivvrjvBe rrjv dXXrjv Ay pwvo i dp')(r]ve)(eivkol(plXovlvai'Pwyttatot?,rjv direx^l'^ciie rcav irpoXe-Xeyfxevwv, kol rrjv Alaaov /jlt]rapaTrXewcnv 'lX,\u-piKol XefiôLBuolv irXeiove';,oX tovtolv BedvoirXoiv.

8. 'H fjievBt)ravTa irdvTa eBe'êro,al yiyvovrai'V(o/JLaiOL ;acBe irpwrai irpo'^;IXXvpiov ;irelpaireKal (TVvOrJKat'VcofiatOL3' eV avral^ KopKvpav/jL vkoX ÂiroXXcovlavd(j rjKavXeuOepa'^,Ayprj-rpiw 3' ecTTLV a ^^^coplajllctOopBoaav t?}?Trpo-64


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THE ILLYRIAN WARSRoman Coruncanius ; the remainder escaped by chap.Hight. Thereupon the Romans invaded lllyriaby j, ^ oogland and sea. Agron^ in the meantime, had died,leaving an infant son named Pinnes, having giventhe guardianship and regency to his wife,althoughshe was not the child's mother. Demetrius, whowas Agron's governor of Pharus and held Corcyraalso, surrendered both places to the invadingRomans by treachery. The latterthen entered intoan alliance with Epidainnus and went to theassistance of the Issiiand of the Epidamnians, whowere besieged by the Illyrians. The latter raisedthe siege and fled,and one of their tribes,called theAtintani, went over to the Romans. After theseevents the widow of Agron sent ambassadors to b. j. 22aRome to surrender the prisoners and deserters intotheirhands. She begged pardon also for what hadbeen done, not by herself, but by Agron. Theyreceived for answer that Corcyra, Pharus, Issa,Epidamnus, and the lUyrian Atintani were alreadyRoman subjects,hat Pinnes might have theremainder of Agron's kingdom and be a friend ofthe Roman people if he would keep hands offthe aforesaidterritory,and agree not to sailbeyondLissus with more than two Illyrianpinnaces, bothunarmed. She accepted allthese conditions.8. This was the firstconflictand treaty betweenthe Romans and the Illyrians. Thereupon theRomans made Corcyra and Apollonia free. ToDemetrius they gave certain castles as a reward forhis treason to his own people adding the express

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APPIAN'S ROMAN HISTORY, BOOK X

CAP. hoala^, eTreiTTovre^ on eV rocr

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Appians Roman History v2