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 AUT OMOBIL ES

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8/13/2019 Automobiles 100302131002 Phpapp02nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj

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 AUTOMOBILES

8/13/2019 Automobiles 100302131002 Phpapp02nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj

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HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILE

Ferdinand Vebiest, a member of a Jesuit

mission in China, built the first steam-powered

vehicle around 1672.

 Although Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is oftencredited with building the first self-pr opelled

mechanical vehicle or automobile in about 1769.

Cugnot’s steam wagon 

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/automobiles-100302131002-phpapp02nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj… 3/19

HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILE

KARL BENZ

 Karl Benz generally is

acknowledged as the inventor

of the modern automobile.

 An automobile powered by

his own four-stroke cycle

gasoline engine was built in

Mannheim, Germany by KarlBenz in 1885.

He began to sell his

production vehicles in 1888.

KARL BENZ 

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/automobiles-100302131002-phpapp02nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj… 4/19

A photograph of the original Benz Patent Motorwagen,first built in 1885 

His first Motorwagen was

built in 1885.

 About 25 Benz vehicles

were sold between 1888

and 1893.

In 1896, Benz designed

and patented the firstinternal-combustion flat

engine, called a

boxermotor in German.

During the last years ofthe nineteenth century,

Benz was the largest

automobile company in

the world with 572 units

BOXOR MOTOR

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HENRY FORD

Henry Ford was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company 

and father of modern assembly

lines used in mass production.

His introduction of the Model T 

automobile revolutionized

transportation and American

industry. The large-scale, production-line 

manufacturing of affordable

automobiles was debuted by

Ransom Olds at his Oldsmobile 

HENRY FORD

RANSOM E. OLDS

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FORD “MODEL T” 

Introduced the moving assembly line and

Model T in 1908-1909.

Cost of Model T declined from 7 months of aFord assembly line worker’s wages in 1908 to

less than 3 months in 1916.

This brought millions of middle-class families

into the market for autos.

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The car was very simple to drive, and easy and cheap to

repair.

By 1920, half the cars in the world were Model T Fords!

Product diversity, options strictly limited by Ford to

maximize standardization, production efficiency. (“You

can have any color car you want, so long as it’s black.”) 

FORD MODEL T, 1915 FORD MASHTANG, 2009

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THE GREAT DEPRESSION

Sales of automobiles collapsed 1930-

32, rebounded slowly.

GM recovered, exceeded late 1920s

sales levels by end of the 1930s Ford

continued to languish under the

increasingly erratic leadership of

Henry Ford, who was quite unhinged

by the end of the decade.

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/automobiles-100302131002-phpapp02nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj… 9/19

WORLD WAR II

Military procurement contracts increased

demand.

Most of the auto industry in Europe, Japan

effectively bombed out of existence. Technological improvements made during the

war were applied to postwar auto production.

• Better automatic transmissions • Functional power steering and brakes 

• V-8 engines

• Air conditioning 

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/automobiles-100302131002-phpapp02nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj… 10/19

FUEL & PROPULSION

TECHNOLOGIES

Most automobiles in use today are propelled by

gasoline (also known as petrol) or diesel internal

combustion engines.

Known to cause air pollution, climate change &global warming.

Increasing costs of oil-based fuels, tightening

environmental laws and restrictions on

greenhouse gas emissions are propelling work

on alternative power systems for automobiles.

Efforts to improve or replace existing

technologies include the development of hybrid

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/automobiles-100302131002-phpapp02nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj… 11/19

ENGINE TYPES

Diesel-engined cars havelong been popular in Europewith the first models beingintroduced as early as 1922

by Peugeot. The main benefit of diesel

engines is a 50% fuel burnefficiency compared with

27% in the best gasolineengines.

Many diesel-powered carscan run with little or no

modifications on 100%

IESEL ENGINE

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/automobiles-100302131002-phpapp02nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj… 12/19

GASOLINE (PATROL) ENGINE

Gasoline engines have the

advantage over diesel in being

lighter and able to work at higher

rotational speeds and they are

the usual choice for fitting inhigh-performance sports cars.

Continuous development of

gasoline engines for over a

hundred years has producedimprovements in efficiency and

reduced pollution.

Most gasoline engine cars can

also run on LPG with theaddition of an LPG tank and

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/automobiles-100302131002-phpapp02nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj… 13/19

LECTRIC CAR

 An electric car uses

electric motors and

motor controllers for

propulsion, in place ofmore common

propulsion methods

such as the internalcombustion engine.

 Electric cars are

commonly powered by

TESLA ELECTRIC POWER ROADSTER

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HYBRID ELECTRIC PETROLEUM CARS

When the term hybrid vehicle is

used, it most often refers to a

Hybrid electric vehicle.

These encompass such

vehicles as the: Toyota Prius

Toyota Camry Hybrid

Ford Escape Hybrid Toyota Highlander Hybrid

Honda Insight

Honda Civic Hybrid

HONDA INSIGHT

TOYOTA PRIUS

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/automobiles-100302131002-phpapp02nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj… 15/19

BENEFITS OF AUTOMOBILES

Replacement of horse and carriage.

Economical, safer, smaller, faster (more

consistent), more controllable/reliable.

More sanitary - dead horses and manureproblems.

Development of mass production and assembly

line. Supply chain economic boom.

Independence.

Employment.

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MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPLICATIONS

 Air pollution.

Materials consumption.

 Autos themselves and consumables.

One way cars create pollution is by contributing

to the amount of ground-level ozone.

Cars also pollute by emitting lead from leaded

gasoline. Global warming.

Energy use.

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TOP 20 MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCING

COUNTRIES IN 2008

Motor vehicle production (1000 units)

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Top motor vehicle manufacturing companies

by volume 2008 

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THANK YOU