AWAISS Aboubacar, JARA Diego and JEPANG Camille · INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE Protection de l’environment AWAISS Aboubacar, JARA Diego and JEPANG Camille

INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE

Protection de l’environmentAWAISS Aboubacar, JARA Diego and JEPANG Camille



Une obligation de coopérer pour la

protection de l’environment

• Les États sont tenus de protéger et de préserver l'écosystème des cours d'eau internationaux

• Les États ont l'obligation de diligence raisonnable de prévenir de nouvelles sources de pollution et de réduire et contrôler les sources existantes

• Les États doivent prendre toutes les mesures nécessaires pour empêcher l'introduction d'espèces, exotiques ou nouvelles, qui peuvent avoir des effets néfastes sur un écosystème.


Eau pour les hommes

Eau pour les

aliments

Eau pour la nature

Eau pour autres usages

• Institutions

• Outils de gestion

• Politiques

• Stratégies

• Gouvernance

Pays A

Pays B

Pays C

INTEGRATION INTERSECTORIELLE

INTE

R E

TATS

Eau pour les hommes

Eau pour les

aliments

Eau pour la nature


• Institutions


• Politiques

• Stratégies

• Gouvernance

Eau pour les hommes

Eau pour les

aliments

Eau pour la nature


• Institutions


• Politiques

• Stratégies

• Gouvernance

Pays A

Pays B

Pays C

INTEGRATION INTERSECTORIELLE

INTE

R E

TATS

D’une gestion fragmentée par usages et par

pays à une gestion partagée et intégrée


Justification

• Les utilisations de l'eau telles que

l'agriculture, l'irrigation, l'industrie

et les municipalités sont des

facteurs directs de dégradation

des écosystèmes.

• Plus de 80 % des bassins

hydrographiques transfrontaliers

sont gravement touchés par un

enrichissement excessif en

nutriments ou par des agents

pathogènes.

• Protéger les cours d'eau internationaux contre la pollution


UN Watercourses Convention, 1997

Article 20

Protection et préservation des

écosystèmes

Les États du cours d'eau, séparément et,

s'il y a lieu, conjointement, protègent et

préservent les écosystèmes des cours

d'eau internationaux.



Article 21

Prévention, réduction et maîtrise de la pollution

1. Aux fins du présent article, on entend par "pollution

d'un cours d'eau international" toute modification

préjudiciable de la composition ou de la qualité des eaux

d'un cours d'eau international résultant directement ou

indirectement d'actix'ités humaines.

Watercourse States shall, individually and, where

appropriate, jointly, prevent, reduce and control the

pollution of an international watercourse that may cause

significant harm to other watercourse States or to their

environment, including harm to human health or safety,

to the use of the waters for any beneficial purpose or to

the living resources of the watercourse.



Article 21:

Measures and methods to prevent, reduce and control

pollution:

(a) Setting joint water quality objectives and criteria;

(b) Establishing techniques and practices to address

pollution from point and non -point sources;

(c) Establishing lists of substances the introduction of

which into the waters of an international watercourse is

to be prohibited, limited, investigated or monitored.



Article 22:

Introduction of alien or new species

Watercourse States shall take all measures necessary to

prevent the introduction of species, alien or new, into an

international watercourse which may have effects detrimental

to the ecosystem of the watercourse resulting in significant

harm to other watercourse States.

Article 23:

Protection and preservation of the marine environment

Watercourse States shall, individually and, where appropriate,

in cooperation with other States, take all measures with respect

to an international watercourse that are necessary to protect

and preserve the marine environment, including estuaries,

taking into account generally accepted international rules and

standards.


Water Convention, 1992

Article 2.2

The Parties shall, in particular, take all appropriate

measures:

(a) To prevent, control and reduce pollution of waters

causing or likely to cause transboundary impact;

(b) To ensure that transboundary waters are used with

the aim of ecologically sound and rational water

management, conservation of water resources and

environmental protection;

(c) To ensure that transboundary waters are used in a

reasonable and equitable way, taking into particular

account their transboundary character, in the case of

activities which cause or are likely to cause

transboundary impact;

(d) To ensure conservation and, where necessary,

restoration of ecosystems.



Article 3 : Prevention, control and reduction

1. To prevent, control and reduce transboundary impact, the

Parties shall develop, adopt, implement and, as far as

possible, render compatible relevant legal, administrative,

economic, financial and technical measures, in order to

ensure, inter alia, that:

(a) The emission of pollutants is prevented, controlled and

reduced at source through the application of, inter alia, low-

and non-waste technology;

(b) Transboundary waters are protected against pollution from

point sources through the prior licensing of waste-water

discharges by the competent national authorities, and that the

authorized discharges are monitored and controlled;



Article 3 : Prevention, control and reduction

2. To this end, each Party shall set emission limits

for discharges from point sources into surface

waters based on the best available technology,

which are specifically applicable to individual

industrial sectors or industries from which

hazardous substances derive.

3. In addition, each Party shall define, where

appropriate, water-quality objectives and adopt

water-quality criteria for the purpose of preventing,

controlling and reducing transboundary impact.


IUCN Initiatives towards

protecting the environment:

BRIDGE


Main Goals

BRIDGE (Building River Dialogue and Governance)

• Supports the capacities of countries in shared

basins to adopt effective water management

arrangements to ensure sustainable

development and international cooperation

• Promotes the achievement and implementation

of policies, laws, agreements and institutional

arrangements for effective water governance

at the local, national, basin and regional levels


Methodology

Demonstration

Evaluation of opportunities for

governance reforms

Learning

Capacity building and exchange of

lessons and experiences

Dialogues

Platforms to build consensus over

existing and potential

challenges, as well as for the adoption of policy, legal, and

institutional arrangements

Leadership

Empowerment of key actors at

different levels to lead reform processes

Advice and support

Guidance for the effective reform of

policies, laws/agreements and institutions

THEORY OF CHANGE


Strategy



A Multilevel Approach

BRIDGE brings together an extensive network of key stakeholders to

promote effective water governance arrangements at different levels

Legal agreements at different levels of governance

Global

• Promotion of global frameworks for transboundary water cooperation

Regional

• Strengthening regional agreements and institutions

National

• Supporting, reviewing and reforming of national policies and laws

Local

• Promotion of local agreements for the sustainable management of natural resources


Acting within a Global Mandate

6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all

levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate


Part

ners

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Online academic courses

Presential and virtual modalities


Tools


Publications


Case studies

Documents

AWAISS Aboubacar, JARA Diego and JEPANG Camille · INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE Protection de l’environment AWAISS Aboubacar, JARA Diego and JEPANG Camille