Bernard Hourcade

Monde Iranien et Indien, Paris (CNRS, Sorbonne Nouvelle, INALCO, EPHE)

hourcade@ivry.cnrs.fr Tel 01 49 60 41 65

http://www.iran-inde.cnrs.fr

INALCO Département EURASIE

GEOGRAPHIE DE L’EURASIE

Année universitaire 2009 2010

3. L’Eurasie : Etats, identités et frontières.

L'aménagementlinguistique

dans le monde

Site hébergé par leTrésor de la langue Française

au Quebec

TLFQ

Université LavalQuébec, 2007

Auteur : Jacques Leclerc,membre associé au TLFQ

           

http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html

Site de la CIA ( USA)

https://www.cia.gov/index.html

1. La construction des États : centralisme et frontières

2. Ethnicité et transnational

3. Autonomies et conflits

1. La construction des États. centralisme, et frontières

AFGHANISTAN

31 M hab. 647,500 km2

border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km, Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km

Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Aimak 4%, Turkmen 3%, Baluch 2%, other 4%

Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 19%, other 1%

TADJIKISTAN7,320,815 hab143,100 Km2

BordersAfghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Tajik 79.9%, Uzbek 15.3%, Russian 1.1%, Kyrgyz 1.1%, other 2.6%

Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi'a Muslim 5%, other 10%

OUZBEKISTAN447,400 km227,307,134 Hab

border Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km

Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5%

Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Orthodox 9%, other 3%

KIRGHIZIE198,500 km25,213,898 Hab

borders China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km

Kyrgyz 64.9%, Uzbek 13.8%, Russian 12.5%, Dungan 1.1%, Ukrainian 1%, Uygur 1%, other 5.7%

Muslim 75%, Orthodox 20%, other 5%

TURKMENISTAN

488,100 km²5,042,920 hab

 borders: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621

Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6%

Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%

KAZAKHSTAN2,717,300 km2 15,233,244 hab.border : China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km

Kazakh 53.4%, Russian 30%, Ukrainian 3.7%, Uzbek 2.5%, German 2.4%, Tatar 1.7%, Uygur 1.4%, other 4.9%

Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%

TURQUIE780,580 km2 70,413,958 habborder : Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km

Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20%

Languages : Turkish, Kurdish, Zaza), Azeri, Kabardian. Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews) Alevi ??

AZERBAIDJAN 86,600 km²7,961,619 hab.

border : Armenia 566 km, Armenia/ Naxcivan 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran 432 km, Iran /Naxcivan ) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km

Azeri 90.6%, Dagestani 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.9%

Azeri) 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6%

Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other 1.8%

ARMENIE29,800 km²2,976,372 Hab.

borders: Azerbaijan- 566 km, Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km

Armenian 97.9%, Yezidi 1.3%, Russian 0.5%, other 0.3%

Armenian Apostolic 94.7%, other Christian 4%, Yezidi 1.3%

GEORGIE9,700 km²4,661,473 hab.borders: Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km

Georgian 83.8%, Azeri 6.5%, Armenian 5.7%, Russian 1.5%, other 2.5%

Georgian 71% Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, other 7% Abkhaz

Orthodox 83.9%,Muslim 9.9%, Armenian 3.9%, Catholic 0.8%, other 0.8%,

IRAN1.648 M km²68,688,433 hab.

borders: Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35,Azerbaijan-432 Azerbaijan-Naxcivan 179 Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 kmCaspienne 657Golfe Persique 2043

Persian 51%, Azeri 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baluch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%

Languages : Persian 58%, Turk 26%,Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Baluchi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%

Shi'a Muslim 89%, Sunni 9%, Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i 2%

2. Ethnicité et transnational

3. Autonomies et Conflits

LES ROUTES DU PETROLE

Les routes de la drogue

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Az-qa-location-fr.svg

KURDES et BALOUTCHES

Article publié par

Ralph Peters. Blood borders? How a Better Middle East Would Look.Armed Forces Journal, June 2006

Dossier d’analyses critiques dans Diplomatie, 24, 2007 p. 44-63

« Frontières sanglantes »

Comment des dogmes culturels peuvent générer des conflits et briser des équilibres difficiles.