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BIOL 382: BiogeographyBIOL 382: BiogeographyLecture #1Lecture #1

IntroductionIntroduction

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Biogeography study of the patterns andBiogeography study of the patterns andcauses of the distribution of living things overcauses of the distribution of living things overgeographic space & geological timegeographic space & geological time

Try to explainTry to explain anges of occurrence and abundanceanges of occurrence and abundance

easons for locali!ed versus "idespread patternseasons for locali!ed versus "idespread patterns

Longterm changes over time based on speciation$Longterm changes over time based on speciation$extinction$ continental drift$ climate change$ oceanextinction$ continental drift$ climate change$ oceancurrents$ etc%currents$ etc%

ffects of more recent changes$ such as invasiveffects of more recent changes$ such as invasivespecies$ human perturbations$ landscapespecies$ human perturbations$ landscapefragmentation$ etc%fragmentation$ etc%

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'hanges over space e%g%$ eco!ones'hanges over space e%g%$ eco!ones

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xample of latitudinal changesxample of latitudinal changes Increasing species of mammals from highIncreasing species of mammals from high

latitudes to lo" ones in (orth )mericalatitudes to lo" ones in (orth )merica

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xample of elevationbased changesxample of elevationbased changes Bats in *anu (ational +ar, & BiosphereBats in *anu (ational +ar, & Biosphere

eserve$ +eru decreases greatly "itheserve$ +eru decreases greatly "ith

increasing elevationincreasing elevation

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'hanges over time e%g%$ last ice age'hanges over time e%g%$ last ice age

)t the pea, of the last glacial cycle$ giant ice

sheets a mile thic, covered half of (orth

)merica%

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xample -ournalsxample -ournals

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.eneral boo,s.eneral boo,s

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Taxonbased boo,sTaxonbased boo,s

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egional boo,segional boo,s

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/ra"s upon many other disciplines/ra"s upon many other disciplines 'limatology'limatology

.eology.eology

cologycology

+hysiology+hysiology

0ystematics and evolution0ystematics and evolution

*olecular biology*olecular biology

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'an divide into t"o traditional components'an divide into t"o traditional components cological shortterm patterns influenced bycological shortterm patterns influenced by

ecological processesecological processes

istorical through millions of years through ma-oristorical through millions of years through ma-or

geological and climate changesgeological and climate changes

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(eed to consider tolerance ranges of(eed to consider tolerance ranges of

different species to partially explaindifferent species to partially explain

distribution rangesdistribution ranges

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IntroductionIntroduction +refix+refix

0teno narro" tolerance range can be high or lo" for a0teno narro" tolerance range can be high or lo" for afactorfactor

ury "ide tolerance range for a factorury "ide tolerance range for a factor

0uffix0uffix Thermal temperatureThermal temperature

+hotic light+hotic light aline saltaline salt ydric "aterydric "ater

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IntroductionIntroduction)lso need to consider scale)lso need to consider scale

0i!e and longevity of the organism0i!e and longevity of the organism

abitatabitat

eproductive and dispersal mechanismseproductive and dispersal mechanisms

Interactions "ith other organismsInteractions "ith other organisms

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IntroductionIntroduction ecent areaecent area

+hylogeography combining molecular+hylogeography combining molecular

systematics and distribution studiessystematics and distribution studies

+hylogenetic components of the spatial+hylogenetic components of the spatial

distributions of gene genealogiesdistributions of gene genealogies

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+hylogeography+hylogeography %g%$ the emergence$ diversification and%g%$ the emergence$ diversification and

spread of herpes virus strains "ith continentalspread of herpes virus strains "ith continental

driftdrift

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+hylogeography leads to study of relict+hylogeography leads to study of relict

species a taxon that persists as a remnant ofspecies a taxon that persists as a remnant of

"hat "as once a diverse and "idespread"hat "as once a diverse and "idespread

population e%g%$ Irish saxifrage "ith isolatedpopulation e%g%$ Irish saxifrage "ith isolateduropean populations from the last glaciationuropean populations from the last glaciation

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.rading.rading

Term tests 2 each 3 lectures of material 45 pointsTerm tests 2 each 3 lectures of material 45 pointsper testper test

6inal comprehensive "ith an emphasis on the last6inal comprehensive "ith an emphasis on the lastportion 155 pointsportion 155 points

7ill divide the grade into t"o portions recently done so by7ill divide the grade into t"o portions recently done so byhaving onehalf be the third part and the other on thehaving onehalf be the third part and the other on thecomprehensive partcomprehensive part

.ives the e8uivalent of 9 tests "orth 45 points ta,e.ives the e8uivalent of 9 tests "orth 45 points ta,ethe best : of the 9 for final gradethe best : of the 9 for final grade

Term paper on any topic related to the course contentTerm paper on any topic related to the course contentof your interestof your interest ;2455 "ords

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BIOL 382 Lec 1