Catherine Boudet, Les enjeux politiques de la mémoire du passé colonial à l'île Maurice

7/30/2019 Catherine Boudet, Les enjeux politiques de la mmoire du pass colonial l'le Maurice

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@lttgmr

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4 B( Dkh`k}#Nnlgrm mp g`mhpgp# Zkrgt# Zrmttmt }hgumrtgpkgrmt `m Erkhdm# 776(

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@L.Ol}`mpZmifghg(gh`` ; ;6,:=,:6 ?:20?2=7


2/24

Nnlgrmt mp hkpglht

? Prkhtdlhpghmhpkcmt .; tmnmtprm ?::6 h}nrl 5

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hgtkpglh elh`kprgdm# ck{}mccm tg`mhpgegmhp cmt Erkhdl.Nk}rgdgmht mp ck zkrpgm cknlght npgttm `m ck Zlz}ckpglh Ihrkcm0 1 ck nnlgrm `m cmtdckukim ck{}mccmtg`mhpgegmhp cmt Drlcmt mp ck zkrpgm ck zc}t npgttm `m ck Zlz}ckpglh Ihrkcm 1 mpmhegh ck nnlgrm `m cmhikigtnm ck{}mccm tg`mhpgegm ck dlnn}hk}p fgh`l}m=( Gcdlhugmhp `m tl}cgihmr dmp ikr` {}m cmt rmigtprmt nnlrgmct mp cmt kzzkrpmhkhdmtdlnn}hk}pkgrmt hm dlhdg`mhp zkt `m eklh dkpilrg{}m5(

Cnmrimhdm `}hm nnlgrm dlccmdpgum Nk}rgdm tm tgp}m kghtg ck drlgtm `}hmprgzcm zrlocnkpg{}m 2 cdckpmnmhp `mt rmigtprmt `m nnlgrm mpfhgdgtt# `lckotmhdm `}hm ugtglh }hgegm `m cfgtplgrm dlclhgkcm 1 `mt pgrkgccmnmhpt mhprm cmt`m}v hgumk}v `m zrl`}dpglh `m ck nnlgrm# mpfhg{}m mp pkpg{}m 1 mp mhegh# ckddtghikcgpkgrm `mt irl}zmt mpfhg{}mt ck nnlgrm(

Hl}t umrrlht dlnnmhp cmt Erkhdl.Nk}rgdgmht# `kht }h tl}dg `ghdc}tglh `khtck hkpglh# zrld`mhp }hm `}cdlrkpglh `} zktt dlclhgkc zl}r cm `zl}gccmr `mtmt kpprgo}pt `m `lnghkpglh &tmdpglh ' 1 pkh`gt {}m cmt cgpmt fgh`l}mt# `gtzltkhp`m ckzzkrmgc `m cpkp# pmhpmhp `m rfkogcgpmr ck nnlgrm `mt ctt `m cfgtplgrmnk}rgdgmhhm# cmt mhikit mp cmt mtdckumt# kegh `kttmlgr cm}r zl}ulgr zlcgpg{}m t}rcm rmigtprm twnolcg{}m {}m cm}r el}rhgp dmppm nnlgrm &tmdpglh '( Cmt Drlcmt#ckgttt zl}r dlnzpm `kht cm `umclzzmnmhp `m ck hkpglh gh`zmh`khpm# pmhpmhp `mtm rkzzrlzrgmr ck nnlgrm `m cmtdckukim mh ckolrkhp }hm dlhprm.fgtplgrm zl}r tm

elrimr }hm nnlgrm mpfhg{}m mp kghtg kd{}rgr `mt rmttl}rdmt twnolcg{}mt `kht ckdlnzpgpglh t}r cmt rmttl}rdmt `m cpkp &tmdpglh 4'( @t clrt# cmt }tkimt zlcgpg{}mt`} zktt dlclhgkc `kht cmtzkdm z}ocgd zmrnmppmhp.gct `meemdp}mr `mt kb}tpmnmhptrdgzrl{}mt k} tmgh `} nl`cm hkpglhkc# `kht cm tmht `m cnmrimhdm `}hmnnlgrm hkpglhkcm }hgegm# l} ekulrgtmhp.gct k} dlhprkgrm }h rmikgh `m dlnzpgpglhghpmrmpfhg{}m < &tmdpglh 0'

0 Dmppm dkpilrgm ghtpgp}pglhhmccm r}hgp cmt irl}zmt `mtdmh`khp `m ck tldgp mtdckukigtpm# t}gukhp}hm fgrkrdfgm zginmhpkgrm frgpm `m dmppm zrgl`m 2 cmt Erkhdl.Nk}rgdgmht &k}prmelgt cmt Ockhdt '#cmt imht `m ck erlhpgrm # cmt Imht `m dl}cm}r &k}prmelgt Cgormt `m dl}cm}r ' mp cmt Drlcmt &k}prmelgt cmt mtdckumt'( K} egc `} pmnzt# mccm tmtp ikcmnmhp k}inmhpm `m pl}t cmt dkt `m npgttkimmp `m dlhumrtglh k}v rmcgiglht dfrpgmhhmt &Pknl}ct okzpgtt# Dfghlgt okzpgtt'# mh umrp} `mt{}mct cmtgh`gug`}t dlhdmrht hpkgmhp zc}t g`mhpgegkocmt k}v prlgt k}prmt dlnn}hk}pt(

= Ck dlnn}hk}p fgh`l}m mhiclom ikcmnmhp `mt nghlrgpt# {}g zkrpkimhp ck nnm rmcgiglhkumd `mt ukrgkhpmt frgpmt `m cm}r zrlumhkhdm riglhkcm mh Gh`m 2 cmt Pknl}ct# cmt Pcl}il}t# cmtNkrkpfgt( Ck dln}hk}p fgh`l}m nkblrgpkgrm mtp mccm# zrghdgzkcmnmhp gtt}m `} Ogfkr(

5 Kghtg cmt N}t}cnkht# zl}rpkhp lrgighkgrmt `m cGh`m# hm tg`mhpgegmhp zkt hdmttkgrmnmhp ck nnlgrm `m cmhikigtnm# `kht ck nmt}rm l# `}hm zkrp# cm}rt khdprmt lhp ekgp zkrpgm `m cgnng.irkpglh cgorm mp l# `k}prm zkrp# ck pmh`khdm kdp}mccm mtp cg`mhpgegdkpglh t}r }h rmigtprm rmcgigm}v

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@L.Ol}`mpZmifghg(gh`` ? ;6,:=,:6 ?:2042::


3/24

Dkpfmrghm Ol}`mp# B}cgm Zmifghg Nnlgrm mp zktt dlclhgkc &Nk}rgdm'

; tmnmtprm ?::6 h}nrl 5 .Prkhtdlhpghmhpkcmt

Cmt Erkhdl.Nk}rgdgmhtmp c`}cdlrkpglh `m ck nnlgrm dlclhgkcm

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Dmppm nghlrgp `lnghkhpm gtt}m `m ck dlclhgtkpglh `m ccm zkr ck Erkhdm zkr `rlgp`m dlh{}pm# zmr` tl}t ck dlclhgtkpglh orgpkhhg{}m cmt elh`mnmhpt tpr}dp}rmct `m tk`lnghkpglh# tkulgr ck okrrgrm m dl}cm}r m ck tldgp mtdckukigtpm mp cm zl}ulgrzlcgpg{}m( Mccm rtgtpm dmzmh`khp k}v dk`mhdmt t}ddmttgumt m tk z}gttkhdm zkr ckd.{}gtgpglh `} nlhlzlcm t}drgmr &6:' mp zkr cghumtpgttmnmhp `} zl}ulgr cigtckpge#dm {}g c}g zmrnmp `m tm dlhtpgp}mr mh }hm lcgikrdfgm t}drgrm mp `mhprmr `kht }hrkzzlrp `kttldgkpglh mp `m cloowghi kumd ck`nghgtprkpglh dlclhgkcm orgpkhhg{}m6(

Ck rermhdm ckhprglrgp t}r cm tlc `m ccm `mugmhp kclrt }h kri}nmhp d}cp}rmc `m cig.pgnkpglh `m ck `lnghkpglh nghlrgpkgrm( Ck dlh{}pm mp ck dlclhgtkpglh `m ccm zkr ckErkhdm kd{}grmhp zl}r ck nghlrgp erkhdl.nk}rgdgmhhm ck `gnmhtglh `}hm nwpfl.fgtplgrm # dmtp..`grm `}hm fgtplgrm kwkhp ck elhdpglh lhplclig{}m `} nwpfm `lrg.

ighm( Dmppm nwpfl.fgtplgrm k uldkpglh `m nl`cm mvzcgdkpge ck elgt `m ck elh`kpglh `mccm mp `} twtpnm tldgkc fgrldrkpg{}m7( Cm nlnmhp lrgighm m ck zrgl`m erkhkgtmel}rhgp k} irl}zm ckri}nmhp d}cp}rmc {}g cigpgnm tk zltgpglh `lnghkhpm mh ckt.tmwkhp t}r ck {}kcgp `m zrgnl.krrgukhp elh`kpm}r `m ck tldgp ght}ckgrm# mp tk c}ppmzl}r ck zrtmrukpglh `m `rlgpt tzdgeg{}mt ugt..ugt `m ck`nghgtprkpglh orgpkhhg{}m :(

Kumd ck `dlclhgtkpglh &709.756'# clcgikrdfgm t}drgrm zmr` cm zl}ulgr zlcgpg{}melrnmc mp tm ulgp dlhprkghpm `m dlnzltmr kumd cmt k}prmt cgpmt mpfhg{}mt k} tmgh`}h twtpnm dlhtldgkpge( Ck rermhdm ck nwpfl.fgtplgrm `m ck zrgl`m erkhkgtmtl}pgmhp kclrt `mt tprkpigmt `kccgkhdmt cmdplrkcmt kumd cmt cgpmt `} irl}zm `m dl}cm}r

pl}p mh zmrnmppkhp ghul{}mr cm dcgukim kumd ck nkblrgp fgh`l}m 2 cmt elrpt hm rmdm.ckgmhp zlghp k}pldfplhmt( Zmrtlhhm hm zm}p mh dlht{}mhdm rmumh`g{}mr mt `rlgpt

9 B( Dkh`k}#Nnlgrm mp g`mhpgp# lz( dgp(# z( 69(6 D( Ol}`mp# Zl}ulgrt mp pmdfhlcligmt mh tgp}kpglh dlclhgkcm 2 cmt Erkhdl.Nk}rgdgmht mp cm

nlhlzlcm `mt pmdfhlcligmt t}drgrmt Nk}rgdm mp k} Hkpkc &6=.756' # _mu}m fgtplrg{}m `m cldkhGh`gmh# h # KFGLG# ::5# z( 96.74(

7 Dmtp..`grm {}g tlrikhgtm `m eklh dlmrdgpgum mh }hm zwrkng`m fgrkrdfgtkhp `mt irl}zmtdlhlng{}mnmhp dlnzcnmhpkgrmt nkgt dlhtg`rt dlnnm tldgkcmnmhp# d}cp}rmccmnmhp# ulgrm rkdgk.cmnmhp ghik}v# tl}t ck `lnghkpglh `}hm nghlrgp m}rlzmhhm( _( K( Tdfmrnmrflrh# DlnzkrkpgumMpfhgd _mckpglht# K Erknmylra elr Pfmlrw kh` _mtmkrdf# Hmy Wlra# _kh`ln Fl}tm# 756(

: D( Ol}`mp# Cmt Erkhdl.nk}rgdgmht 2 }hm g`mhpgp zlccghgtm # _mu}m m}rlzmhhm `mt ngirkpglhtghpmrhkpglhkcmt# ulc( 4 &4'# ::9# z( :7.4(

Ck dlhtldgkpglh `tgihm }h twtpnm zlcgpg{}m `ugpmnmhp `mt dlhecgpt mp `m zkrpkim `}zl}ulgr mhprm cgpmt rmzrtmhpkhp cmt `geermhpt irl}zmt mpfhg{}mt mh zrtmhdm# mh tgp}kpglh `ghpmr.`zmh`khdm dlhprkghpm(

@L.Ol}`mpZmifghg(gh`` 4 ;6,:=,:6 ?:2042::


4/24


5/24



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Ck nwpfl.fgtplgrm `m ck zrgl`m erkhkgtm dlhpgh}m `m zltt`mr zl}r cm irl}zmerkhdl.nk}rgdgmh ck elhdpglh `m b}tpgegdkpglh,cigpgnkpglh `m tk dlhprgo}pglh mpzkrpkhp# `m tk zltgpglh dlhlng{}m# ekdm k}v t}tzgdglht tmclh cmt{}mccmt gc `gtzltm.rkgp `m zc}t `m rmttl}rdmt dlhlng{}mt {}gc hm tmrkgp cigpgnm9(

@t clrt# cm irl}zm erkhdl.nk}rgdgmh tm rmprl}um zrgt mhprm cm tl}dg `m dlhpgh}mr `mtm rermr ck nnlgrm `m ck dlclhgtkpglh.elh`kpglh mp dmc}g `keegrnmr tk zckdm`kht ck hkpglh nk}rgdgmhhm# pmhtglh {}gc rtl}p mh `}cdlrkhp cm zktt dlclhgkc`m eklh tl}pmhgr tk rmdfmrdfm `m cigpgngp( @kht dmppm `nkrdfm# cmt n}tmtzrgut pgmhhmhp }hm zckdm gnzlrpkhpm mp gc hmtp zkt elrp}gp {}gct tlgmhp cghgpgkpgum`cgpmt dlhlng{}mt erkhdl.nk}rgdgmhhmt# cgmt k}v ghprpt t}drgmrt# dlnnm mhpnlgihmhp cm Oc}m Zmhhw N}tm}n mp cm n}tm `m cKumhp}rm `} t}drm(

Cm Oc}m Zmhhw N}tm}n mtp }h n}tm zrgu fgtplgrm mp `krp {}g k p l}umrp mh ::irdm k} ndhkp m ck Nk}rgpg}t Dlnnmrdgkc Okha6 kegh m nmpprm mh ukcm}r ck prtrgdfm dlccmdpglh m ck okh{}m# {}g k `o}p mh 7=4 kumd ckd{}gtgpglh Clh`rmt mtdkrpmt lrgighkcmt `m ck zrgtm `m ccm zkr cmt Khickgt( Cm Oc}m Zmhhw N}tm}n ukclrgtm}hm dlccmdpglh lobmpt krp &hlpknnmhp ck tpkp}m m Zk}c mp Ugrighgm zkr cm td}czpm}rerkhdl.nk}rgdgmh Zrltzmr zghkw'# nkgt k}ttg m h}ngtnkpg{}m7# `m zfgckpcgm mp`m dkrplirkzfgm# kghtg {}m mt ld}nmhpt fgtplrg{}mt t}r cfgtplgrm zltpkcm# nkrgpgnmmp krgmhhm mp t}r ck elh`kpglh m Zlrp.Cl}gt zkr Nkf m Ck Ol}r`lhhkgt(

Ck cldkcgtkpglh nnm `} n}tm pnlgihm `}h zrldmtt}t ``}cdlrkpglh `} zkttdlclhgkc( Cm Oc}m Zmhhw N}tm}n mtp tgp} t}r ck zkrpgm zrgum `} erlhp `m nmr `m Zlrp.Cl}gt# cm Dk}`kh Ykpmrerlhp# dlhtpr}gp mh 775 kumd cm eghkhdmnmhp `m ck NDO( dmpmh`rlgp# pkgmhp ghtpkcct k}prmelgt cmt ldat mp cm pmrnghkc } dfmngh m emr:( Cmt tm}cmtprkdmt fgtplrg{}mt tlhp cmt zgmrrmt `mt khdgmht opgnmhpt dlclhgk}v &zrghdgzkcmnmhp

5 Ulgr F( Flmpgha# _mtl}rdm Dlnzmpgpglh# Nlhlzlcw kh` _kdgkc @gumrtgpw # gh C( K( @mtzrmt&`('# Mpfhgdgpw kh` _mtl}rdm Dlnzmpgpglh gh Zc}rkc Tldgmpgmt# Ck Fkwm# Nl}plh Z}ocgtfmrt# 79=# z( 7.(

9 Mh 770# cdlhlngtpm _kbkh`rk Zkrkpgkh drgukgp 2 Tg hl}t k`nmpplht {}m cmt }tghgmrt.zckhpm}rtmh pkhp {}}h irl}zm zkrp mhpgrm mp cmt zckhpm}rt.zrlzrgpkgrmt d}cpgukhp zc}t `m =: fmdpkrmt elrnmhpzkrpgm `m ck irkh`m zrlzrgp nk}rgdgmhhm# hl}t dlhtpkplht {}m dmccm.dg rmzrtmhpm :# - mp dlhprcm5#7 - `m ck t}zmregdgm zckhpm `m dkhhmt( Dmppm tzdgegdgp `dmrhm ccm Nk}rgdm cm rmdlr` nlh`gkc `mck zc}t irkh`m dlhdmhprkpglh `m zrlzrgp elhdgrm k}v nkght `}h irl}z}td}cm pmrrgmh ( _( Zkrkpgkh# Ckrz}ocg{}m `m ccm Nk}rgdm 2 `kht cm tgcckim `m ck `cldkcgtkpglh# Zkrgt# CFkrnkppkh# 770# z( 0:.0(

6 Ck NDO mtp ck zc}t khdgmhhm okh{}m zrgum mhdlrm mvgtpkhpm `kht ccm( Elh`m mh 644 kumd`mt dkzgpk}v orgpkhhg{}mt mp erkhdl.nk}rgdgmht zl}r eghkhdmr ck d}cp}rm t}drgrm# mccm mtp rmtpm kzrtcgh`zmh`khdm dlhtg`rm dlnnm ck okh{}m `mt ghprpt erkhdl.nk}rgdgmht# zkr lzzltgpglh ck TpkpmOkha( Dm rkzzlrp gcc}tprm cmt ndkhgtnmt `m dlhprm.zl}ulgr mvgtpkhp Nk}rgdm mhprm tmdpm}rt z}ocgdmp zrgu( Gc mtp tgihgegdkpge dmp ikr` `m dlhtpkpmr {}m# tg ckdpglhhkrgkp `mt `m}v okh{}mt mtp mh rkcgp`tlrnkgt elrpmnmhp `gumrtgeg# cm zmrtlhhmc `m `grmdpglh `m ck NDO mtp rmtp zrghdgzkcmnmhp erkhdl.nk}rgdgmh mp# zc}t ckrimnmhp# gtt} `m ck Zlz}ckpglh Ihrkcm# pkh`gt {}m dmc}g `m ck Tpkpm Okha mtpnkblrgpkgrmnmhp gh`l.nk}rgdgmh &dlnzrmhkhp `mt Fgh`l}t mp `mt N}t}cnkht'(

7 Cm n}tm pgrm `kgccm}rt tlh hln `} pgnorm.zltpm zlhwnm# }h rkrgttgnm ocm} gh`gil `m zmhdm# c}h `mt pl}p zrmngmrt mh dgrd}ckpglh `kht ccm(

: T}r dm tgpm# cm t}drm pkgp `dfkri `} prkgh `lt `flnnmt zl}r prm dfkri zkr cm nnmnlwmh t}r cmt hkugrmt zl}r cmvzlrpkpglh(

@L.Ol}`mpZmifghg(gh`` = ;6,:=,:6 ?:2042:;


6/24

Nnlgrmt mp hkpglht

5 Prkhtdlhpghmhpkcmt .; tmnmtprm ?::6 h}nrl 5

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@L.Ol}`mpZmifghg(gh`` 5 ;6,:=,:6 ?:2042:?


7/24



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9 Cm zrlbmp `m Nk}rgdgkhgtnm mh pkhp {}m nl`cm `m hkpglh rmcum `}hm prk`gpglh `mtcgpmt zlcgpg{}mt mp ghpmccmdp}mccmt erkhdl.nk}rgdgmhhmt `m ck zrgl`m dlclhgkcm orgpkhhg{}m( Gc dlhtk.

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@L.Ol}`mpZmifghg(gh`` 9 ;6,:=,:6 ?:2042:4


8/24

Nnlgrmt mp hkpglht

6 Prkhtdlhpghmhpkcmt .; tmnmtprm ?::6 h}nrl 5

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Dm nkrt mtp clgh `prm }h fktkr` `} dkcmh`rgmr( Dmppm `kpm {}g nkr{}m ckdpm `mhkgttkhdm `m hlprm hkpglh rmcum `m pl}p }h twnolcgtnm `m cgorkpglh( Tgr Tmmyltki}r

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@L.Ol}`mpZmifghg(gh`` 6 ;6,:=,:6 ?:2042:4


9/24



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40 Zkrng cmt zc}t tgihgegdkpget 2 Nkf `m Ckol}r`lhhkgt# dlhtg`r dlnnm cm elh`kpm}r `m ckdlclhgm 1 K`rgmh `zghkw# rmtzlhtkocm `m clopmhpglh `m ck cgomrp `m ck zrmttm mh 64 1 _nw Lccgmr#bl}rhkcgtpm m dl}cm}r kwkhp ngcgp zl}r clopmhpglh `mt `rlgpt zlcgpg{}mt zl}r cmt flnnmt `m

@L.Ol}`mpZmifghg(gh`` 7 ;6,:=,:6 ?:2042:0


10/24

Nnlgrmt mp hkpglht

;: Prkhtdlhpghmhpkcmt .; tmnmtprm ?::6 h}nrl 5

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45 Mh 76=# }h zrmngmr Hkpglhkc Nlh}nmhpt Kdp`lhp cm dfknz `kdpglh pkgp ck zrlpmdpglh`mt tpr}dp}rmt `ghprp fgtplrg{}m# tdgmhpgeg{}m# krpgtpg{}m mp mtpfpg{}m kukgp rmnzckd ck zlcgpg{}mzkprgnlhgkcm kpkhp m ck dlclhgtkpglh {}g rmcmukgp }Khdgmhp Nlh}nmhpt Kdp m 700# lhp ckdpglh tmr`}gtkgp ck tgnzcm dlhtmrukpglh mt nlh}nmhpt( Mh 779# }hHkpglhkc Fmrgpkim Pr}tp E}h` Kdph 9kttgihm ck imtpglh `m c frgpkim hkpglhkc k} Hkpglhkc Fmrgpkim E}h` &H_E'( Dmp Kdpm mtp knmh`mh ::4 kegh `ghdc}rm `mt kdpglht `m tmhtgogcgtkpglh `} z}ocgd k} zkprgnlghm hkpglhkc(

49 Ck okpkgccm hkukcm `} Irkh`.Zlrp tmtp pmrnghm zkr ck ugdplgrm `m ck eclppm erkhkgtm t}r cknkrghm orgpkhhg{}m mh klp 6: &ck tm}cm ugdplgrm nkrgpgnm `mt i}mrrmt hkzlclhgmhhmt'# {}kprm

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;;; tmnmtprm ?::6 h}nrl 5 .Prkhtdlhpghmhpkcmt

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klp 777'

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12/24

Nnlgrmt mp hkpglht

;? Prkhtdlhpghmhpkcmt .; tmnmtprm ?::6 h}nrl 5

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Cmt Drlcmt mp ck rkzzrlzrgkpglh `m ck nnlgrm `m cmtdckukim

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;; tmnmtprm ?::6 h}nrl 5 .Prkhtdlhpghmhpkcmt

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14/24

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15/24


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16/24

Nnlgrmt mp hkpglht

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