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Campbell Cowan Edgar
« Selected papyri from the archives of Zenon (Nos. 22-36) »
Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Égypte, 1920, Vol. XIX,
p. 13-36.
-
[ExTRAIT DES ANNALES DU SERVICE DES ANTIQUITÉs DE L'ÉcYPTE, T.
XIX.]
SELECTED PAPYHI
FIW.M
THE ARCHIVES OF ZENON
( N os. 22-36)
BY C. C. EDGAR.
III
The papyri puhlished i n the following instalment cover the
period between the spring of year 2 g and the end of ycar 3 1.
Zenon was now living at Philadelphia as the representative of
Apollonios, and most of the lctlers of Apollonios in oue collection
date from this period.
Let me descrihe hriefly the general appearance of the lettet·s
found in the archives. They are each written on a sheet of papyrus
eut from a roH or xdp-rl1>; and prohahl y it wa� customary to
write the letter he fore cutting off the sheet. The front , or
recto, of the papyrus vv-as used for writing the ietter on ; hut wh
ile sorne of Zenon's correspondents write in long lin es ac1·oss
the fibres , others write in short lin es alons the fibres. ln
either case the sheet was usually folded up lengthwise, i. e. a
cross the fibres of the recto. It was thc n doubled over, t iecl up
hy means of a strip of fibre whidt was pulled oiT the verso but not
cntirely clctachcd from it , and was then acldressecl and scalccl
with day. V cry narrow sheets werc somctimes folclcd up along the
fibres of the recto and not douhlcd over. After h eing rea cl hy
Zen on the letter was rcfoldecl, and in many cases a note about it
s contents and the date of reception was written at the end of the
exterior fold heside the addrcss. Sometimes, especially on the
letters of Apollonios, w c fin cl a second, shorter docket in small
characters at the opposite end of the next fol cl ( see nos. 2 1, 2
Ü , 2 7, 3 1, 3 2 , 3 3, 3 5 ).
-
-14-
This would no t meet the eye when the lettcr was doubled over in
th usual way, and it was probahly a note of the scnder rather than
of th recipient. Besicles the lett ers receivcd and filed at
Philadelphia wc hav one or two fragments of a sort of register of
expedition ( cf. P. Lille I 3) containing drafts of lettcrs to be
wri ttcn by Zenon. P. S. I., 52 o ma: perhaps he a fragment of the
same kind.
No. 2 2 . LETTER FROM ZENON TO P,INAKESTOR. 10 cent. - Year
29.
o m. 2/15 mill. X o m
Zenon informs Panakestor that he has sent him the "atops'iov and
r hundred drachmœ, wh ich was ali the moncy that he could procure.
H( rcqucsts Panakestor to s encl to Krokodilopolis two loacls of
harley to mah xiJpa, and also to sen cl him sorne cabhage from ti
me to time.
This is one of the few letters in the archives written hy Zenon
himself. Possihly it was thought to he too full of corrections and
a fair copy wm sent insteacl; or agnin i t may have been fi led hy
Panakestor and afterwards addecl to the files of Zenon . Several
othcr letters adclrcssccl to Panakestor iù year 2 9 have heen
preserved in the archives ( cf. no. 1 9 ).
The phrascology is too indefinite to enahle us to determine
where the two men were residing at the lime wh en the lette1· was
written, though i t seems likely that Zenon was himself at
Krokodilopolis. It should h e noted that he has now begun to date
hy the Egyptian calendar under the influence of his new
surroundings.
When speaking of Panakestor in the introduction to no. 1. 9 I
ought to have mentionecl that the interesting letter puhlished in
P. Pet1·. II, 1 3 ( 5), pl. VI, and III, pp. XV, 1 o 2 , is
undoubtedl y by him an cl th at the land which he asks Kleon to
irrigate is in aU prohahility the esta te o f Apollonios at
Philadelphia (JJ. The fact thal. Panakes tor was the land-agent
(I J The text of this letter has not y et heen satisfactorily
established in spite of the corrections of Smyly and \Vileken. In
l. 2 Wilcken's emendation does not make good sense; it is better
lo
read cbroa7 e[i]?{ 171 ]'f '1:!7[ Àlj]P.""'fla b Jw·raax[ifN!·
In ll. 6, 7 read �"'' q�v x�[i] ';'ù[t>] q-�valmJaov rjf!.IV
a�p:ov ènl T[à]
. . • . ?tV xct! &pxtTeJ
-
- '15 ----o f the dioilwtes explains the peremptory style m
which he addresses Kleon.
Verso :
Zr/vû!V ITavaxéo-1opt xafpew. ' 1 '� / ' a1reo- a,,xarJ.ev o-oz
-ro -re
,.. \ ' 1 1:i1opewv xat apyvpwu Jpax(l-d> éxa-rôv,
v 5 [ o-vv] àpzfJ(J-r/O'aTes
Et.i-ruxfJn, • 1J1Àûor1. (l.ty ydp oùx riJvvr/fJn(l.ev Àabûv.
0'6v-ra�ov Je xal Tifs
x.ÀwpoTâ [ d7raÀN-rd]-rns xpfJiïs xal ( t- t , r
10 IXcJfOTIXTrjS' ayNyta ,j'Jo à7ror:r1ûÀat [xal �7rûls] els
Kpo,wJ[),Nv 1JJÔÀw 'fva x'ïJpa yévi]Tcti. [ xal c;tù�'f/] [x al
�'Ir] ws J' &v
1 [) à7ro[n6.YNO'IV ]-rpf.YNr:rw IXVTdS, evfJéNS àyi"fNO'IXV
�7rNS' (1-� avyil!XvOûr:ra ÎfyÀWilOS' yévl]TIXI xaè àxpelos. xal
Tifs xpdflb»s Je
20 à7rôa1eÀÀe ri(l.Ïv. eppw::J"o. LxO, Tubt x11.
:3. '11l'opû'ov, see P. Tebt., 5, tg6, note. - 9 , 1 :L Xi'l3pa
was used of hm·leygToats as weil as of whealen groats. - tl!. Zenon
had evidently hegnn to write -a'Ù8!Jf1-epov. - 15. d1rono'l/;wow
would mean cutting the ears off the stalk, à1roTplo/wow rubbing the
gTain off the ears. - 16. ath·&s, i. e. -;-às nptf)âs.
No. 23. REcEIPT. - o m. 175 mill. X o m. 1 2 cent. Yeàr 29.
Ho ros acknowledges receipt of four drachmœ from Zenon for
excavating, or otherwise shifting , 5o aoilia of earth or sand. The
receipt is written in
-
-16-c luplicate, an ac lditional detail heing inserted in the
second version. No doubt the upper half of the papyrus was
originally foldecl and sealed up, while the lower half was merely
folded up. One or two documents of this sort had the seals still
adhering to them when they came into our possessiOn.
Many receipts da ting from year 2 9 speak of rnoney paid for
(3o?:ctvluf16s, f.uÀoxo1rfa, èp.7rup&u(J.Ô>, etc. , prohably
in connection with the es tate of Apollonios , which was being
reclaimed and prepared for eultivation. In the earlier reeeipts the
moncy is paid by Panakestor or his subordinatcs, and this is the
first as yct known to me in which the name of Zenon appears. It is
to he notcd that he is now styled the agent of Apollonios in
Philadelphia ; for è(J. W&ÀadeÀ Il?:oÀe(lctfou ?:Ou
IhoÀep.afou
10 [2.wi-]ijpos LxO, ÂÛu1pou 1'11, Alyu1r1lwv Jd
-
-17----
[af.t]evwO 117. éxee Ôpos; Àpuc.hou J,' iv[yuo ]!i IIao-t-ros
iiÀwrroÀI'rotJ ,
[1.rrap!Ï] 'l:rfiJCtJvos TOÎÎ 1.rrap' AnoÀÀwvfou [ifl
WeÀ]aJeÀqlefat Ti)l iv TNI Àp(;tvOfTYJt [vofl]&ie eis
&wiÀea v, di Sû aù-ràv
15 [à]"!epyd,.cta'Oa,, ,_. s.
1 L I have !'estored ot' ev[yuo ]ti IIaütTOS'' on the anal ogy
of ot' eyyuotJ zr,vr .. )JJO$' in an unpuhlisl�ed text and of
similar phrases: lmt the omission of the patronymic is nnusual. The
alternative is to read Ot' :f;v[ -ro]Q IIaat-ros (cf. P. 8. 1., 337
).
No. 2/J. LETTER FROM APoLLONIOS ro ZENON. i� 2 cent. -- Year
3o.
o m. 1 Ir cent. x o m.
The slave-girls in Memphis had been given some Milesian wool to
spin . Apollonios writes to express his approval and tells Zenon to
give
-
- 18 -date of Apollonios. Bu't lhe above reading, though not ce
l'lain, seems more probable. - 7 . .Mt(ÀlJO""ÎW11) : written as a
monogram.
No. 25 . A PlsTITION FROM SPHRAGIS TO ZENON. -- o m . 33 cent. x
o m . o 9 5 mill. - Y ear 3 o .
A woman caUecl Sphragis (for the name , cf. no. 2, 5) had been
robbed on her way to Sophthis , a village in the Memphite nome. She
hacl alreacly presentecl a petition to Zenon , and she now
acldresses him for the second ti me , giving him a list of the
ohjects stolen and hegging him to write to Leontiskos the
archiphylakites to make an inquiry and give hack the plunder, which
was reported to have heen found . Leonti skos is again mentioned in
P. S. !. , ld1 o in connection with Sophthis , which may he the
village of Saft near Meicloum. Sphragis may perhaps have livecl at
Philadelphia , hut the writers of the other petition state that
they were inhahitants of Sophthis : apparently th en Zenon was
regarcled as the chief local nuthority in these parts, though he
actually resided in a difl'erent nome .
The text i s indistinct in places , some letters being only
recognizahle hy their impressions on the verso.
Z ' ' .
. . • eowxrx aot xw Tlà] �pq:epov (vT�U-
1il'ept �!!1 �ep[l] (})v [ ï_l�T ]ex6-
:> �YJV �[op]e�r:tiv11 el� �wcp�tv Tnv iv Twt Me!lcp{!'J!
47!' [é]pta . éa1w Jè Tà xrxO' �v (})v à?rwÀeaa J.(lCtTlct j3 1-
1{3, Xctt
10 eptrt 1-{3, X!Xt XctÀ(xot) 1-{3, J 1- tç • 8éo(l.ctl oi5v
aou, el xrxf aot Joxel, iÀenarxt (le ypd�a� AeovT{axw& Twt
&.pxtcpuÀrxxfT11'
t5 imaxe.q;d(l.evov Tnv
-
Verso :
-19-Àelav d:rroJouvat . &v�yyiÀxaO'z Ji xal ir-tol i!rn
' 1 euprtxaO'l.
2 o L À, D.atO'{ou ta, ITaüv� a. ·'2 • .r:ppayù, sl 'Til'pOs
AsovrfO'xov.
5. "(;J'opsvp.é7!l7 for "(;J'Opsvop.êvrt, a oommon error. -7.
è1r' [&]pta is doubtful.- 1 o. Or xaÀ(lwii). - 20. The double
date is wrong. Perhaps IIaiivt Cl. is a slip for ICI., which would
also be wrong, but would he in accord with Zenon's practice at this
time of assimilating the two calcndars. - 21. el
(ypâ..for.J.sv).
No. 26. LETTER FROM TnEononos TO ZENON. - o m. 3 1 cent. x o m.
19 cent. - Year 3 o .
In the course of the 2 8t" year nin et y artabai of wheat ,
which Theodo ros had paicl in from somewhere in the interior, had
heen sent clown to Alexanclria to be placed to his credit. During
the first half of year 2 9 fif ty-five artabai hacl heen deliverecl
to him , at Zenon's order, hy Artemicloros , the steward of the
householcl of Apollonios in Alexandria , and thirty-five more were
stiil due to him. Now after the lapse of a year he asks Zenon to
give an orcier for the delivery of the remainder, as he had
horrowed gt·ain from Artemidoros the scribe and was anxious to
repay it. At present he was himself st.aying in Alexandria and he
had been asking Artemidoros the steward for the amount due to him,
but the latter replied that it was not his business and that even
if Zenon wrote to him he could not execute the orcier. Theodoros
therefore requests Zenon to see that the wheat is delivered , as
otherwise he will hold him responsihle for the priee. He adds that
he had hem·d from Artemidoros the s cribe lhat , though Zenon had
already written that he , Artemidoros , should receive the wheat,
nohody had paicl any attention.
c. '�' Z' , , � '2/SQ
-
- 20-
1 ' () - !(; 5 TOVT6tiV (J.S(J.STf>1(J.S ct O'O!J O'VVT
1:i1et.p' ov xop.10J(leBa iv ÀÀe�avJ'pefat . 1:i1poxexpn-r;.évol
yàp criTov 1:i1ctp' ÀpTep.tduîpou TOU rpap.r;.a·d6tl:;
crnouJ'd(op.ev dno�ouval. xal vuv J' ' imJ'np.>{cravn:s iv
AÀe-Ç,avJ'pefal TOV inl Tif:; olxfas ÀpTep.fd6tlf01J d"!niTOup.ev
ÀéyovTÙ cre -urpocro({;e/Àew, à J'' otlx tcp11 1:i1po> aÙTov
elva1 1:ü'epl TOÔT6tlv otJJ'$ -urpoal�eiV iàv ypd . c:JcrTe
({;pÔvTICJ'Oli
\ N \"N tl f \ \ 20 ·Ul'é:fl Tl]S ilO(J.IOl]>, lVCI. f-1.1/
CJ'OI TYJV 1'1(1-lJV
xaTà Tà J'{xawv àvcmB&!rJ.ev, el p.r) TO �(j')(C1.TOlJ
v� Lifa �ùxpwû:; TOÙs flèv ÀomoÙ,; xal TOÙ> \ � , ...., '
.... ('?) / \ ç-., ( N / 'l'itêfi ""'lfl.tiAOV (X'Tff:IA1}yêVC!.I ,
1'0 0 lJ(J.IV )'IVO(J.f:L'OV ,, ' - 1 N i7l \ �� 1 À �� • êAAl7rêiV
-ur a pa I'YO!J • y l]O'I OC: ilC!.I · fTê(J.l06tlfOS
( \ '"" '..f' �/ 1 �:) 0 )'pctr_J.fJ.ctTW> O'Oti
)'fCI.'I'WJTOS O'Tf6tiS (J.8Tf1J0'1/1'C!.I fl'YJ�éva
-urpouwxn�Cévat.
Vnrso : � À, [A6tlf]?u �' Meaopr) [3. [E>sô]J6t1pos
amxpfov.
3. srJ.eTprjcrap.ev. Theodoros had handed over the wl1ent to be
cnrricd clown to Alexandria. - 6. Prohahl y the stewar·d, see l. 1
6, to be distinguished from the scribe of the sa me name, IL il1, 2
5. Cf. no. 1 o, 5, note. - 1 o. uof, not aoiJ. - 1 1 . 'Pleasc
wr·ite and say ft·om whom we shaH receive the rest', 'Wap' oo being
practically equivalent to 'Wapà TÎvos. - 2 2. eùxpweîs, in the
sense of eù
-
-- 21-
No. 2 7 . LET TEll FHOl\I APOLLONIOS TO hENO'\'. o m. 1 9 cent.
X o m. 3ll cent. Year 3 o.
The king had expressed a wish that certain land should be sown
twice in the present season . One crop of com was a head y in the
ground , and Apollonios, writing about the heginning of January,
asks Zen on wh en he expects to reap it . As soon as it is hanested
, Zenon is to Jloocl the land for not more than fîve davs, and
immediatelv after letting it drv he is to
v v v
begin sowing the tht·ee-month wheat. If the wnter-level is so
low that he cannot Îl'rigate the land without the a id of a lif
ting machine , he is to erect two or three slwdufs.
What was this land about whieh wc find the king giving
instruetions to his minister? I t is difficult to say. The ordinary
(3cunÀ11'� yif was leased at fixed rents to the {3et.'7tÀowl
ye(l)pyof, and though they wel'e not free to cultiva te i t exactly
as they pleaserl ( see P. Tebt., 5 , 2 o 2, note ) , it is not
likely that the king himself would interfere with the local
programme of sowings. Moreover the phraseology of the letter
indieates that the land to he resown was land over which Zenon had
a direct control. More prohahly therefore it was either a part of
the estate which Apollonios held as a uift from the king, or else n
special piecc of unleased Crown land which Zen on had been chargecl
to. eulti\'tÜe.
AnoÀÀwvws Zr/vwvl xalpew . ô (3aaùevs r:Ttivha(fl.fev !J(ÛV
Str:Tnoeifr:Tat Ti)v yifv . ();;; &v oJ·v txBepf(f,)t> TGv
wpJ.!wv (flTOI,,
'B , , , .... , , , , , t- \ , t' , -r êti ê(l)S m'OTI(J'OV TlJV
)llJV Ct.7TO xepos, eet.v Oë (llJ OtiVCI.TOV lJI, xn,Àwveta
én&r:TUr:Tas wÀefova oUT(l) wôn�e, Il� m-Àefous S$
5 wévTe l](lepwv r:TJJr:TX1JIS TO UJ(l)p, xal Xet.Tatû�tJ.;;
eùBé(l)s ! \ 1 ' ,, �' \ \ ( ,... XCI.TCI.IJ'7TêlfS TOV Tfi(J.lJVOV
m'UfQV . )lf!X\I)OV Ot: X/Xl wpa;; 1J(l/XS
wô-re JJvet.r:Tet.t .9-ept�ew TGV r:TITov. épp(l),.o. L À, Mou
ey, ABùp y.
Verso : ]mrôpou.
1. at�vé-raaru;v 'the king was enjoining us when wc wrote', i.
e. 'the king- en
,ioins us' or 'has enjoined us'. This, whicl1 may he ealled the
epistolary imperfect is very common, especially in the phrase
uyixwov �è nxl o:ù-rbs 'I too was well wh en 1 wrote ', i. e. 'I
too am weil'.- il. &1rà xepûs, 'without artificial aid '. Cf.
HERooorus,
-
- 22 -1, 1 93, c1ÀÀO! x.,ep(J't -re Jtcd x�J).wv'l}iot(J't
c1poor�evos, - 5. l!e
-
23-À
edv aÙTWI !'-VtJCl8w(J.êV 1i1ep) TOfÎ i(J. :Àadeipefat épyou .
rd oiJv dOXI(J.a�eiS xa;a1r Àeucra{ (J.e
d ,, ' 1 ,, , ' \ ' ' !?J ' t' "" � .... ' 10 o1rws av
ev;ux,w11-ev, ypa-rov (J.OI • x.at eav crot ya!Vt]Tat aouva: rJfliV
cr&>apwv .. , \ ' IJ'lrWS fll7 TlfJ.IOV
àyopd�w(J.ev, crûv-ra�ov Jo8i]va: Àya8{vwt g'lr&J>
ct7rOXOfl{CltJI 1i1pàs ri(J.à>. éppwcro.
Verso :
L ),, Mou o1, AOvp ,17• Nfxwv 1i1epl eÀafou.
3. ;coteis: cf. àyt•o:ûv in linc 4, and sec MAYSllR , p. 110. -
5. If ews âv eiow, goes with 1ll'apa7roÀoiJ(-lctt, it mnst mean
'cre I know '; but pet·haps it rcfcrs hack to the request for hel
p. Nikon writes without pausing to take breath, and uses the first
person singular and the first person plmal quite indiscriminatcly.
- 8. Understand éÀeyet>. '1i1onjG'et, 'it will have a good
effect ', used impersonally like bmotû'.
No. 29. LETTEH Fnou AroLLONIOS TO Z1moN . - o m. 17 cent. x o m.
2 7 5 mill. - Year ::1 o .
Apollonios informs Zen on tha t he is sen ding 1 o o lwmmia of
wine from the Heliopolite nome for him to sell. The receipts of the
sale are to be used for the purchase o r fabt;ication o f rugs.
Zenon is t o report about the priee at which he can sell the winc,
and Apollonios speaks of sen clint{ him some more, as he has a
surplus stock in the above-mentioned district.
It is probable that the sale of wine spoken of here was not a
private commercial transaction , but th at Apollonios was acting on
behalf of the Government. Certainly a great deal of wine was sold b
y the Treasury to the retail-dealers, the olvoxd7rtJÀOI; though
whether the wine sol cl in this way was merely the proceecls of the
à7rÔuo1pa, the tax on vineyarcls paicl in k in cl , is a matter of
coritroversy ( see WILcKEN , Grundziige, p. 2 5 3). P. S. !. , Ü 3
9, 2 2 probably refers to a Government sale, and a papyrus which
will be published in the next instalment of this series throws a
little more light on the same question .
The order of Apollonios that the receipts from the sale were to
he paid out [ els] TOV> à(J.iplTa7rou> shoulcl be comparecl
with P. Hib., G 7, a letter from a local official to a banker
instructing him to pay the cloth-weavers
-
- 2lt-
certaiu sums from the recei11ts of the 1 9th year [els- Tl(ld]s-
bBovfcvv TCJ [a-uvnÀ]ou(lévwv els To [�a]o-[&Àvc]ôv. The
comparison suggests that th industry of rug-weaving was on the
sarnc standing in relation to the Go vernment as that of
cloth-weaving ( s ce loc. cit . , p. 2 1 ü), while P. S. /. llf1 2
shows th at Zen on exercised some control oyer the local
factory.
[A}roÀÀ�VIOS Zn'vw[vl xafpsw] . dweo-1dÀilt;t[!lév 0"01 éx Toùj
jÏ-I]�IO?TOÀ{TOtl VO(WÙ ÛS 1itpXO"W of vOU xep( a(J.Ia) f. .
-
-�- 25 -
doubt the pla ce of th at namc mention cd by Strabo, the modern
'foura, famous for i ts quarries ; and i t is significant th at he
was guaranteecl hy the mas ter of the ÀtB11y6s, the boat that
carriecl the s tone.
From a la tel y acquired papyrus it appears th at Komoapis ( i.
t) was an àpx.,mfxTcvv : my no te on no. ,�w rec1uires thcrefore to
be corrected. Pctechon (Il. �l, 3 7) is mentioned in one of the
Florence papyri ah out to he puhlished, in connection wi th sorne
wOJ·k of the sarne sort.
, ' Z' 'K ' 1.i7l"O(..WI'Jfl!X .JI')VCVVl 1Zapa O(J.OIX7l"l05
Tif> dl!X7rprÙJ'$CV5 . à?l"Ô Tifs ÔdOÎÎ TifS fllfGI]S
'W'po-repo'' Td èl.vcv 'Gipos v6Tov, & ép;'oÀdbwYev
ITeTe-x.,wv, Td èvvéa ax.,otv/a . 'Gipwrov ax.,ow/ov
5 llàes ITav>hos T pcviTI')s, oJ éyyvos Uiaes ITapcuJ-ros ô
è?l") Tifs ÀtB>Jyoîi, 1- � • de�Tepov ApevTC.ÎTI'JS Apto/pws, oJ
éyyvos �pte�;;, 1-' ç . � ÀpevJc.înJs ITdatTos TpcviTI'JS, éyyvos
ABe(J.eU>, 1- e j • J ITaxoî'(J.tS �tvo(J.O�vws ar.lreyyJcvt 1-
y . è ITereap(J.WTts 'IJ'w-
1 o Tai?Tos, éyyvos À(J.wS Àaa�6s, 1- � • Ç ITâ'ts IIam{ws T
pcviTI')s, éyyvos ITâ'at>, 1- y • � �ToroifTts Oadpws
atlreyy6cvt 1- (3) = . ïj ITâ'ts- liavl{ws T pcv{nJ>, éyyvos
Ux::rt(s), 1- (3 j • (j lleTobd::r1ts 8o;oerhrJ.ws-
ÀcppoJnonoÀhl')s, é;')'VO> Meteîis Îawv6flOS,
15 1-(3j=· /1-ÀBj-·
dÀI,a 1ZfOS v670V è?l"dvcv TOU èypl{y(.l!XTOS tf ' 1 f1 !! ,...
1 a eta&v ax.,owta 10 ccvs 71')5 'GfeTpas _:_ a ITats Uavl{ws
atlreyy6cvt 1- �j- . p IIer6at-
E" 1 " n� rn À 1 1-P" T7l"C:(1.0Uvtos, eyyuos ats y v
aKITtJ>, e )· 20 y Ilâ'aes IToÀ>J(.l!OS, IIâ:ats IIapaihos,
1- e- . J IIats lla!Jl{
ws atlreyy6cvt, 1-e . ë IIeTeap(J.wTts 'l"wraifros, éyyvos Àflws
Àaa�6s, 1-e . Ç ITaats ITdtTos, éyyv-os llâ'Tts cpv).aKfrns, 1-e .
� Dpos IIafllvws olxo-J6(.los, éyyvos �TJpa�, 1- J . ï1 ÀydOwv
À(l.(l.Wvlov,
25 éyyuos i'..:7roÀÀOdcvpos èpi'J(J.Ocp6Àa�, 1- J . B Ôpos
ITa(.lnvws, éyyuos �r6pa�, 1- J . i IIaKOî'(l.t>
-
-26-
:::Ewo�-to6vl0s athé-yyuos � e = . !a ô aÙT05 f- J . � Ayri�v
A(l(J.Wvfou, éyyuos A?ToÀÀ�clwpos, 1- Yj ey xal td Ile-reapv.wns
"fr tvTai?Tos, éyyu-
3o os A(lws ÀIXIX�os , � t{3 [/ ] / 1- o-' �� \ ' ' \ ! 1 L ()
etS Oë TO IXUTO O"XO!VIIX xy o p j = .
�. 1'1 , ç;; l' ' , \ � ' TOWTIX oe eo,eowxap.ev a1ro 7:1JS
(-teya-ÀY/> Ju.Jpupos gws Ti?> (.uxpas Jewpupos , tl ,, \ ' '
' /�' 1 ews av xau au1:os e?TtO"Xe't' 111.
Verso :
35 LÀ 'ütapà. Kor-todmos xal lleTexwv'Tos.
5 . Cf. P. S. 1., 323 , !bptevs Ilapu-rou 'fpw[-r'l]s, if one
may so read the name.-6. Tfjs Àc()'!JyoîJ, i. e. f3apûlos ot·
(3apews. Cf. Athen. V, 2 o4 D, woTa(J.IOV wÀoîov, T�v $-aÀap.1Jyàv
xrxÀourJ.éV'tJV. - 9· aÙTeyyûwt: note rxùTéyyuo; in l. 2 7. - 1 o.
Àarx�o;, cf. ),a�os, P. Hib., 61, 8. - 16. Cf. P. Pet1·.,III, 82,
lieTvfjts Ùpou icriOI'O(J.Os, and P. ilfagd., 9· 1. - 17. Tfj>
wéTpas, cf. P. S. 1., h33, 1. - •w. énuos is omitted. - :12.
é�e�rlnwp.ev rrgave out on contracb. - 33. Head 6uhpuyos. - 3!t.
Head Mi.
No. :31. LETTtm ro ZmwN. - o m. 18 cent. x o m. 3 35 mill.--Y
ear �) 1.
The handwriting of this lctter is very similar to tha t of
Apollonios or his secretary, but for several rcasons I do not think
it i s to he assigned to him. There does not seem to he room for
the name of Apollonios in the lacuna in l. 1, and the letter hcforc
os docs not look like e or v[e]. Again, it is dated hy the Egyptian
calendar, whereas all the letters of Apollonios that we possess are
dated hy the Macedonian calendar or are douhledated. But in any
case the letter was written hy a man of some consequence, who
aclclresses Zen on in the tone of an ec1ual or superior. He gires
him some instructions ahou t a house which was heing huilt at
Philadelphia. As the courtyard was too small and as a stable had
not heen included, the architect at his request was going to
increase the leng th of the compound hy t wenty cubits. He asks
Zenon to g ive orders to thi�
-
- '27-cffcct and to hcgin work at once. The ohtaining of wood
will offer no hindrance. The architect .has heen instructecl to
leave a space for a garden round the ho use and to change the
position of the gateway and hakery.
These details are not without interest with regard to
house-architecture in the P tolemaic period. MaJ;ry other documents
among the Zenonian papyri deal with the same suhject. Severa! of
the letters of Apollonios himself are concerned with building
operations at Philadelphia, hut in their
· presen t state they are too fragmentary to he puhlishecl here
. It is noteworthy, however, that he speaks of the building of
temples as weB as o,f ho uses, and se ems to take into
consideration the general plan of the town. Whether an Egyptian
viHage existed on the site before the time of Apollonios i s a
question that may he solved hy excavation. But it is at least
prohahle that he was the real founder of the Ptolemaic town of
Philadelphia and that its growth went hand in hancl with the
development of his agricultural esta tc. Compare P. S. 1., 5o o :
ypd�e& (J.Ot A'll"oÀÀwvw> n)v oixo-J 1 "< \ A 'J \ �\ \ \
N \ \ \ A N or.uav et vat 1i1po> l.J410 cvpOlJ' Ta oe Xa'Ta
'Tl')V YYJV 1i1po> 7:0li5 1i1êpt !.J4afl.lV·
The impressions on the verso of this papyrus enahle us to
decipher some words which arc almost i l legible on the 1�cclo.
[ • . . • ] • 05 Z,fvcy!-'[t] xafpetv • S'll"Ûdov 'TIJV dta-[ypœ
]�P.I/v T[. . • • • • • . i�]œfveTÔ f!.Ol ix[œ ]vws !ixew [ ....
��9"7�[ ...... ipxt]'Té(X'TCVV d�te,&ls U�' llfi.WV [ Tift
ol]xl/o-et aÀÀ[o ]t![s] 'ü1l/xets x
5 !la-1t yàp ri ar.iÀ1 [iÀ}i:Tcv, xcd i7l"7l"wvœ O�Jf fixe' o
TO'll"os. ' xœÀq!> oiJv 1i1?[t]l/o-�:� q-;wrol�as
1i1poo-Àabe[ï]v 7:6 mÀiiGo5
N \ ' N " � \ � \ ... /À , ' [ J À / / � J 'TOU'TO Xat eveP.ye�v
1/0Y/ • Ta oe l:;u a OtJX ê7l"IX CV UO"Sl . CJUVSTayry o� � , / [ ]
\ / / À N TCVt apxtT�XT 0 '!.' Xal 1:, who was h!JPodioilcetcs at
this Lime ( cf. P. S. I., 361, 5). - 2. Perhaps -r[wv épywv, r}:-
3. ifi!?�J douhtfuL -5. Apollonios would prohahly have written
èÀd.G"uw (not D.ciuuwv), cf. no. 2 9, 6. -G. Or possihly
'W'o�uets.
-
- 28 No. 3:2. Lwrn:n Y!IOM Al'OLLO,�ws To ZENON. -- o m. :28G
mill. x o m.
i)o5 mill. - Year 3 1.
Apollonios informs Zcnon that one of the hrewers in the Fayoum
undertakes to pay to the Stnte twelve artabai of harley a day for
the hecrshop in Philadelpl�ia. Zenon is ther efore to draw up a
contract with h im and after rcceiving a written declaration is to
hand over the hrewery to bim and instal at the same t ime a
trustworthy collector who will keep in touch with the woek. As for
the present occupant of the hrewery, he is to he compelled to pay
what he owes for the time during which he has exploited the bus
iness.
It is to be regretted that the eontraet whieh Zenon drew up has
not heen found mnong his pa pers, for we have little defini te
information ahout the conditions uncler whieh the manufacture and
sale of heer were earried on Ol. Fron1 !ines 3, û, G wc 1nay infer
that the hrewery was Government property and that prohahly the
monopoly of heer in Philadelphia, eomprising the use of the
èpycw·Upwv and the �u-ro7l'c6Àwv, was Ieased to the h t·ewet' who
rnade the most satisfaetory offer. The cp6pos mentioned in P.
Grenjell, II , 3 9 , eonsisting of the fixe c l su rn of five
copper tai en ts a mon th , may sirnilarly he interpreted as the
lease of a Government business , whether paid dil'ectly to
Governrnent or to a tax:-farmer . The �t1n7pd so often spoken of in
the papyri was evidently farmed out ( P. Tebt., !1 o, !1, P. Hib.,
1 3 3), but opinions difl'er as to wh ether it was sim ply a ta x
ou the profits of heer-manufacture or was in principle a paymenL
for the lease of a monopoly. The present text is an arg ument in
favour of the latter theory. In P. Par. G2, lV, Ü the �u-rnpd
appears to he ealculatecl hy the mon th at the nüe of so mu eh pcr
day ( ef. l. Il helow), the rate heing sometimes higher in win ter
th an in summer, or, as the papyrus puts it, the winter months
heing: reekonecl as equal lo 35 days and the s urnmer months as
ec1ual to 2 5 da ys .
('l See GttENFELI. and HnNT, P. Tebt., p. l18, P. Hib., p. 281
(the editors speak of monthly instalments ranging fi·om 8 lo 2 o
drachmœ, but these su ms
seem lo he only portions of the monthly payments); WrLCKEN,
Gt·undziige, p. 2 5t ; l\hsPERO, Finances, p. 85; BoucHÉ-LEci.ERCQ,
Hist., HI, p. 2!18.
-
- 29-
The amounl paid to the pMtÀtxov hy lhe hrewer at Philadelphia is
calculated in haelev. As the val ue of un artaba of wheat in the
Zenonian
v
papyri is usually one dra eh ma, bu t sometimes more, twelve
artabai of haeley would be worth at least seven draehmœ. ln P.
Lille I, 3, Ü 9 wc read of payments in hm·ley and sesame to the
aeeount of the �trr11pci.
In P. Petr., lli, 8 7, a diflieult and feagmentary t ext,
mention is made of a aJv-ra;ts in harley, whieh is explained hy
Smyly (loc. cil.) and \Vifeken ( A1>chiv, III, 52 o ) as a s
uhsid_y pa id hy GovemmenL to the hrewers. But it does not seem
possible to understancl the a-t5v-ra;,, mention ccl in the present
text as anything else than a payment to the Government hy the
eoneessionairc ( cf. P. Tebt., 1 o 3, whcre the worcl is usecl to
dcs crihe the poll-tax ). It hears here the same meaning as
ÇP6pos.
À7l'oÀÀdvzos Zl/v[cvvt xcx](p�!!' . T&!JJ èx TOU
[Àpat]vo(!?ti �uTg�[ot&!v J!-'� . !;![ J [uçp] ta1et-rett Tou
�uTo7l'r.vÀtou [ To]u [èfl]
-
-30 -
No. 33. LETTER FROM AroLLONTOS ·r o ZENON. -- o m. 'JO cent. X o
m. J34 cent . - Year 3 1 .
Apollonios commends Zenon for having nrrested the comptroller
at- · tached to the heer-shop. He has sent Amenneus the hrewer to
Zenon in order that the comptroller may he confronted with him and
convict him of Lhe charges which he has brought against h im . The
case is to he tried hefore Peton the chrem atistes who is heing
sent to Philadelphia for this and another affair ( see nos. :34 and
35 ) . If Amenneus is convicted of having rcally sa id what Zen on
reported, Apollonios threatens to have him hung .
Apollonios must have bcen staying somcwhere near Philadelphia,
as his letter was received by Zenon the day after it was written .
Matters afl'ecting Government revenues came und er his
jurisdiction, and though he sent a cltrem atistes to hear the case
, it was probahly referrcd to hirnself for judgment. Cf. P. Lille,
I, 3, 6 o , wh cre wc read of oil-merchants heing sent to
Alexandria to appear hefore the dioilœtes for selling at priees
ahove the tarifT. In the present case we arc not told clearly what
the crime was of whid1 Amenneus was accused.
A7l"oÀÀwvw;; Zr/vc.JVI xa!petv • àpBCJ;; è7rolrwa;; cruÀÀabcJv
TOv è)(. Tou �UTO'Il'WÀ!ou Tap.!av • àne:r1dÀxap.ev qe 1i1pos cre x
al Àp.�(v]:-'fqt [ -rov] �UT07l"Ot6v, �7l"�[s J 1i1epl iJv éypa�a;;
xœ�r�yopûv
, - , , ,e: , , ,.. , , II , 5 IXUTOU TOV TIX(J-IIXV
SC,cl\c)l/:;t]l $7l"l $TWV05 -rou XPtJf'-IXTl0'1ou • xawl0'1t]O'Ov
oiJv à(J-
-
-31 -
3. Possibly the brewce who had been lately superseded (no. 32,
9) - 5. èl;eÀéybJt : the subject is ô -rap.[as. - 9· If
'"û!eptœx.fJeis is thè passive participle of '"û!eptayew, it
apparently means 'after being led round'. Ü1· possibly it may be
the participle of '"ûfeptayx.,ew, cf. èÀexfMv-res in P. Tebt., 2h,
37 and see MAYsim, p. 1gt>.-1 J. Either ),a written over [3, or
À� written over a. Sec introduction to no. 35. -13. � for
l;t�(-r07rowiï). But theœ are only traces of letters, and the ab
ove reading is somew hat conjectural.
No. 34. LETTEll FHOM APoLLONIOS TO ZENON. -- o m. 16 cent. x o m
. 3 4 cent. - Y ear 3 1.
As soon as Peton the chrematistes arrives, Zènon is to make the
necessary arrangements. Peton will only stay one day. After hearing
the two cases for which he has heen sent ( see nos. 3 3 and 3 5 ) ,
he will return to Apollonios immediateiy.
The resto ration of Iine 3 is un certain, but it probably refers
to the pro-. vision to he made for Peton's recepti on . I venture t
o s uggest 'Zil'apd[Je]t�ov :X���[t] [x]��[ciÀufla ' .
Verso : tppCù:ro L Àa, �J:r1pou ny,
-
32
hacl complained abou t a certain Sopatros , who , if my
restoration of 1 . 1 � be correct, was an agent of an official ca
lied Da mis (P. S. l. , 3 6 6, 5 o o , 5 1 8 ) . Apollonios sends
Zenon a copy of the lefter which h e has written to the
complainants. He bas told them to he at Philadelphia to-rnonow
morning , as he does not wish Peton to he delayed.
In the letter of which a copy is subjoined Apoll onios informs
the na tives th nt he is not ah le to hear the ir case himself, hut
has sent Peton instead. They are therefore to meet him carly the
next day in Philadelphia , in order that he may hear their
statement and that of the accused , and thal the la tter, if found
to he guii ty, may receive the proper punishment.
The text shows, even mol'e clearly th an nos. ;} 3 , 3 Ü , th at
in the sr) proceedings at Philadelphia the cltrematistes was merely
acting as the deputy of the dioiketes.
It is difficult to understand the dates on Zenon's dockets to
this and the two preceding letters. AH three were received on the
san1e day, the 1 '1 of Pharmonth i, vet one is dated vear 3 1 ,
another vear 3 � , while in
t) t! tl
the th ircl the figure is eh an geel either from 3 J to 3 2 or
from il 2 to 3 1 . H i s of course possible tha t in the one case
Zenon was dating hy the regnal year like his correspondent and that
in the other case he was thinking of the Egyptian year. But as the
2ft th of Dystros was in fact jus t about the heginning of a new
regnai year (Il , it is equally possible that the discrepancy was
due to some unceetain ty in his mincl about the exa ct date on
which the new yem· s larted. L iving in the country, he hacl
dropped the habit of reckoning by the Macedonian months.
À7r?[ÀÀc.ivw]s Zr/vcvvt [xcdpew] . tf.7réa1rxhd aot
-r&v['rty]prxif!'cx !�[s e7l'ta1oMs -rRs 1:il'pos -rovs] iv
Hif!'rx.'rr1uiJt Àa[ o]v [s yeypcttt(J.évr]> 1:il'ctp'
ritt&v] anr.t�[pov], q7l'c.JS éL(J.ct Tiff 1ff.épctt
rJ'�!J(X!JT!{rJ'C:J!f[IV]
5 els cx[ t] rr7 :dd't Àcxoî's xcxfpew • cxtl-rol (leV
( I l Cf. Annales, XVII , p. 2 1 S and XVIII , p . 5g . The
present document was not known to me when I wrote.
-
-- 33 -d'Id -r[ô . . . . ]! Ûvcu où1c [lidt.iJJd] ff�l1a
J[t]cmoùO"at tlr-tcliv, IIé:�[va Jd] -rwv [XP1JflctTtO"]?[w]v
&rre[O"UÀ]-
1 0 Xct[J-êJJ • [oJ uvavn{O"a[-re o] Jv aù-rwt llr-tct -rift
li[l-épCft [els'] �!�?!Jù, TÛXl1' Tf}:> 1:i1pOO")]XOÛ7)]S
T&[J-wpùxs. éppc.!O"Oe.
Verso :
1 5 L Àb, �apr-tof!Ot a . 1:i1epl �0;; iv ÎI
-
- 3 4 -
Apart from the subject-matter of the contra ct , the text is of
special interest in two respects. In the first place it gives us
the names , which were preyÎously unknown , of the eponymous priest
and priestess of year 3 1 ; and I may mention here that the same
couple are shown by another contract to have heen in oflice in
Mesore of the same year. Seconclly, it tells us defini tel y th at
Apollonios had a large esta te at Philadelphia , given to him hy
the king év J�»periL The esta te , which must have lain on the
outskirts of the Fayoum , contained 1 o , o o o arourai; hnt wc may
safely assume that it did not originally consist of goocl corn-land
, but partly of land capable of bearing corn and partly of land
which was more aclap ted for vine yards and orchards ; and it is
also probable that sin ce the time of Apollonios a l arge portion
of it has heen re-apsorbecl by the desert. Nor does it seem to have
heen particularly weH supplied with water, to j udge hy the
complaints of Panakestor in P. Petr. , Il , 1 3 ( 5 ) . P. Lille I
, 1 is an estimate of the cos t of some reclamation work on an
estate of 1 o , o o o arourai, which as I formerly suggested ( I J,
may perhaps h e this same J�»peà of Apollonios at Philadelphia.
The interpolation heginnîng ] ts in J ine ü rnust have followed
the namc of Zen on and prohahl y therefore clefinecl the position
which he hel cl , heginnîng with à xcmxa1cdh ] l s or some similar
phrase. It is not likel y th a t ]es i s the end o f a dative
plural referring t o the farmers whose names are gi ven helow. As
the loan was to he repaid &p.a T&i& éxcpop{�»& and
as the re is nothing to show that Zenon collec ted rent from the
{3aatÀmol ye�»pyol, it is probable that the farmers mentioned hacl
leased some land from the J�»ped of Ap'ollonios.
It is not dear whether the contract dates from the heginning or
from the end of regnai year 3 1 ( see note on line 3 ).
,. D À 1 II ' 1 � II À 1 "' N J L À 'Îfl' ' 1 f). 1 l DiX 'Tl
etJOVTOS' TOAê[-tiXWtl TOU TO ê(J.iXIOtl ...,.UJTr)pO> ct, ey
u:peu!S atJ-XUJVOS TOiJ Èno [ Kf..ious]
< ' J Annales, XVII , p. 2 1 1 . It was of the same size as
the tlwpd ; Apollonios was interested in it ; and it seems to
have
lain not fm· from Sy1·on komc, a villaHe >vhich is frequently
mentioned in the Zenonian papyri.
-
- 35 -[ÂÀe�dvd'pou xal .9-ewv ÀJeÀ�wv, xavn�6pou ÀpYtvÔns
û,ad'éÀ�o ]v BepevfJliJS
Tif> Ntxdvopos , iv WtÀadeÀ�ef[ ct�] [ TOÜ Àp:nvofTou
VO(J.OÜ, fliJVOS
iJdvetaev Zr/vr»v Âypeo�wv[ -ros] , Alyu-;r1fr»v Je
a à '1ù'poa1a0e]ls èv -rais M (àpot!pa1s) -raî's è!J
[KaJvws- -rwv 1trepl À.-;roÀÀwv'wv, Twt Jûva } 6aefpws- iy
Mé[f1.�]f:0' [>] (l>IÀaileÀ\i'êial oeoo(l.éva1s À7roÀ(Àwv{wt)
tl7l"à -r[oti [3aa1Àéws J '};a(l.W'rl ITe-rerJ.evw\i'pws [Êpteî'
Êpteu-ros] iC C �nÀ[ ifs]
5 [ JlW(J.IJ>, Twt Jeivcx -rou J'el va, TWI Jeivcx
aveJws-
, 'l'Wl dÛva -rou Jeiva u1ro ]evJEov
[3 o-lw letters ipya-rt]xou r waat!-rws
[-rwt &'iva -rou Selva , -rwt Sûva ll]de-ros Y�nÀoxr»rJ.ITnt
, oiJal y, dvct 1- ox'l'w, / 1- Xd .
[ , � 1 � \ 9 l 1 t ] 1 ,, � , l7l 1 ,, ' ? 1 IX'lrOOOTr»O'IXV
oe 2 0 - iJ 0 0 , Cl'S )'êVI]Tctl !X(lCX Tr»l êXyOflWI 1]
U7r0C,t!)'IOV àpenôv
10 [Zrfvr»Vl tws {J.I]VOS Âp-re(J.tO'fou, Alyu-;r1tr»v dt
ll]axwvs . idv Je w) d-;roJwatv \ \ ' XCXTCX Tet
U'lrO)'ê)'fCX(J.-
[fl.éVct , d-;ro-.etO"dTwŒ'ctv TÔ àpyJpwv 1)f1.tOÀwv · l]
Je]-;rpa��> !i0"1w Zrfvwvt ix -re aù-rwv
[}tal Twv iyyJwv xal -rwv v-;rapxov-rwv aù-roî's -;rc[,,-r]wv ws
-;rpÔ> {3aŒ'tÀtxd . ,, '""' ' ' \ ê)')'UOI TWV XIXT!X T1)V
[ Œ'uyypacpl)v TOU dÛ va de �00"0):'! [
TOU &'iva o Jeîva i}t Te(l. [!,aÛbtO> J ,
t 5 [Tou Seh•ct o Jû,Ja , ÀvTtaOivous-Kvfcl't [os J
o Selva
.IJ(Ï-rt-ros �9-rq:p-raws[ Mt-r)] [ÀI]�·a!os]
ItmxpdTI]> Àp,uoJ Jou, AvoŒ't>
3 .
-
3. The lclter be fore fl>ap(J.oVfh looks likc f3 , might
possibly be ' or v , but is certain! y not e. If the letter is f3 ,
I do not know what restoration i s possible except Aiyv1r1 Ewv 6è L
),[g , from which one could dt·aw an important conclusion about
Plolcmaic chronology and could dale the contract to the end of
regnnl year 3t ( sec Annales , XVII , table Il). Rut, as it i s ,
the reading is quite unccrtain. - 4. A1roÀ is written as a
nionogram. -5. Perhaps �evaux' . . . ]YX'o;;, cf. l. 1 4 . - g. One
is tempted to resto re -rb Mvewv nai -rémov D;; à v 'W'pou
Jysvry-ral. But th cre is no mention of interest above , unless it
was contained in the lacuna in line 7. -1 o , 1 1 , 1 2 . Resto red
from similar contracts , but the restorations are of course
uncertain. -t 3. The 6é perhaps elided. -t 3-t7. The fi est three
!ines contained the nam es of guanmtees of six of the farmers. In
the last two !ines one would expect lo find the names of six
witnesses , and in fact Anosis the town.:cJerk is mentioned as a
witness in one or two other cmltt·acts. On the other band the three
other farmers were pro bab! y guaranteed also , and lheir
guarantees ought to haYe heen named. So I do not sec cieady how li
nes 1 6 , 17 are to he restored. In any case 8oTop-raios seems to
he the name of a guarantee , not of a witness. -17· Or
To-ropxoi"ros , as it is written in one case.
C. C. EnGAn.
--------------------- --------------LE CAIRE. - U!PRIMERJE DE
L'INSTITUT FllANÇAIS D'ARCH I\OLO G I E Olll ENTALE,
