1

CERN scientists discover new particle

C.A. 1. Lisa Randall explaining what the Large Hardon Collider is

1. Donne un maximum d’informations permettant de décrire le LHC (0’00’’ 0’45’’)

2. Quelle est l’ « idée », l’objectif derrière ce projet? (0’55’’)

3. Quels sont les éléments qu’essaient de comprendre les scientifiques impliqués dans ce

projet? (1’10’’)

C.L. Higgs boson: it’s unofficial! CERN scientists discover missing particle

Ian Sample 4 July, 2012

• 1 There comes a time in a scientist’s life when the weight of evidence can no longer be

ignored. That moment has come for physicists at CERN, near Geneva, home of the Large

Hadron Collider, who have announced overwhelming evidence for the obscure but

profoundly important Higgs boson, the particle that led to the greatest hunt in modern

science.

• §2 In presentations given to a packed auditorium at the laboratory, and webcast around the

world, the leaders of two research teams, who worked independently of each other, said

they had spotted a new particle amid the microscopic flashes created inside the world’s

most powerful atom smasher. CERN stopped short of claiming official discovery of the Higgs

boson, even as many physicists conceded the evidence was now so compelling they had

surely found the missing particle.

• §3 Formal confirmation of the discovery is expected within months, though it could take

several years for scientists to work out whether they have found the simplest kind of Higgs

particle that theories predict, or part of a more complex picture: for example, one of a larger

family of Higgs bosons. The discovery of more than one kind of Higgs particle would open the

door to an entirely new area of physics.

• §4 The queue for the auditorium left some physicists struggling for a seat to hear the

announcement. Those inside broke into applause when Peter Higgs, the 83-year-old father

of the particle, entered the room. “CERN should really build a larger auditorium. The present

one is nice and cosy, but it is embarrassing and sad to see many distinguished colleagues

queueing up at five in the morning knowing that they have a slim chance to get a seat, after

working for 20 years on finding the Higgs boson,” said Tommaso Dorigo, a scientist at CERN.

2

• §5 The particle, which is unlike any other known to exist, was proposed in 1964, when

physicists worked on the laws of nature with pen and paper instead of the laptops they carry

around today. The hunt has taken decades and occupied thousands of researchers from tens

of countries. For some, this has been their life’s work.

• §6 There is never a bad time for good news, but CERN will be relieved to have made the

breakthrough before the machine shuts down for almost two years at the end of 2012, when

engineers move in to carry out work for the accelerator to run at its full design energy.

• §7 The discovery of the Higgs particle is one of the most important scientific advances of the

past 100 years. It proves there is an invisible energy field that pervades the vacuum of the

known universe. This field is thought to give mass to the smallest building blocks of matter,

the quarks and electrons that make up atoms. Without the field, or something like it, there

would be no planets, stars or life as we know it.

• §8 Peter Higgs at Edinburgh University was the first to point out in 1964 that a new particle,

the boson, was a by-product of the mass-giving field. That was a crucial step, because it gave

scientists a smoking gun to hunt for in their experiments. Peter Higgs said: “I am astounded

at the amazing speed with which these results have emerged. They are a testament to the

expertise of the researchers and the elaborate technologies in place. I never expected this to

happen in my lifetime.”

• §9 According to the theory, all of the particles in the newborn universe were massless and

hurtled around at the speed of light. But one trillionth of a second after the big bang, the

Higgs field switched on, turning the vacuum of space into a kind of cosmic glue.

• §10 Some particles feel the Higgs field more than others. The quarks that make up atomic

nuclei feel a lot of drag from the field, and become heavy for subatomic particles. Others,

such as electrons, feel less drag and gain much less weight. Particles of light, called photons,

feel no drag at all, and so remain massless and keep moving at the speed of light.

• §11 To find the Higgs particle, physicists at CERN sifted through the subatomic debris of

more than 1,000 trillion proton collisions inside the Large Hadron Collider. Occasionally,

these collisions might create a Higgs boson, which immediately disintegrates into more

familiar particles. To spot the boson, the scientists have to look for unusual excesses of the

particles it decays into, which appear as bumps in their data.

• §12 Particle physicists use a “sigma” scale to rank the certainty of their results which ranges

from one to five. One-and two-sigma results come and go and are often no more than

statistical fluctuations in the data. A three-sigma result counts as an official “observation”,

but five sigma is usually needed to claim a discovery, amounting to less than a one-in-a-

million chance that it is wrong.

• §13 At the end of the announcement, the room erupted into a standing ovation of whoops,

cheers and whistles. Jeff Forshaw, a physicist at Manchester University, said: “This is

sensational news and quite brilliant science. Without doubt, CERN has delivered us a new

particle that looks every bit like the long-sought-after Higgs boson, which is absolutely

central to our understanding of how the universe works at its most elemental level. I have

3

waited over 20 years for this moment and am thrilled by the news. The excitement will

continue now, as we all try to figure out just how this thing behaves.”

• Overwhelming evidence

• Compelling evidence

4

• Can you think of other adjectives collocating with evidence?

5

C.A.2 and group discussion: Walter Bisshop

• What is Walter Bisshop trying to explain? What is he talking about?

• Does such a theory make any sense to you? Do you think it could actually be true?

C.A.3: Prof. Dr. Michio Kaku on « déjà vu »

Dr. Michio Kaku (born January 24, 1947) is an American theoretical physicist, the Henry Semat Professor of Theoretical Physics in the City College of New York of City University of New York, a futurist, and a "communicator" and "popularizer" of science. He has written several books about physics and related topics; he has made frequent appearances on radio, television, and film; and he writes extensive online blogs and articles. He has written two New York Times best sellers, Physics of the Impossible (2008) and Physics of the Future (2011). He has hosted several TV specials for BBC-TV, the Discovery Channel, and the Science Channel. Kaku graduated summa cum laude from Harvard University in 1968 and was first in his physics class. He attended the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley and received a Ph.D. in 1972, and in 1972 he held a lectureship at Princeton University. Kaku has had over 70 articles published in physics journals such as Physical Review, covering topics such as superstring theory, supergravity, supersymmetry, and hadronic physics.[6] In 1974, along with Prof. Keiji Kikkawa of Osaka University, he authored the first papers describing string theory in a field form.[7][8] Kaku is the author of several textbooks on string theory and quantum field theory. Source: wikipedia

Video Kaku. Micro-écoute

6

C.A.4. BBC Horizon: Parallel Universes

1. Retranscris le plus fidèlement possible (en anglais) l’introduction du reportage (0’00’’ jusqu’à

1’53’’)

2. De quel rêve parle-t-on au début du reportage? Quel lien existe-t-il entre ce rêve et les

physiciens? ( 4’43’’)

3. Comment Michio Kaku (sur les patins) nous décrit-il l’univers au moment de sa création.

4. Quelle histoire Michio Kaku nous relate-t-il lorsqu’il avait 8 ans?

5. Quelle était la quête, le but ultime d’Albert Einstein?

6. Quelle révolution s’est produite durant les années 80?

7. Comment – d’après Burt Ovrut - la matière a été généralement décrite depuis l’avènement

de la physique. Cette description est-elle toujours actuelle? Explique

8. Que prétend la théorie des cordes?

9. A quoi Michio Kaku compare-t-il l’univers?

10. Quel test la théorie des cordes doit-elle passer pour être considérée comme valide?

11. Quel est l’objet d’étude de la cosmologie? Quelles informations nous sont données

concernant les scientifiques travaillant dans cette branche? ( 10’37’’)

12. Quel est l’objet principal de la théorie du Big Bang? Quid de la théorie des cordes? (

11’43’’)

13. Quelles difficultés les scientifiques ont-ils rencontrées en essayant de combiner ces deux

théories? Quels sont les éléments problématiques ou toujours inconnus? ( 13’46’’)

14. Qu’est-ce que la Singularity? ( 14’21’’)

15. Quel espoir était lié initialement à la théorie des cordes? Par quoi cet espoir s’est vu

menacé? ( 15’33’’)

16. Quelle nouvelle théorie vint « à la rescousse »? (16’26’’)

17. En quoi la carrière de Michael Duff n’a pas toujours été facile? Donne quelques exemples.

18. Quel était le point de désaccord principal entre la théorie défendue par Michael Duff et la

théorie des cordes?

19. Que suggérait déjà Einstein concernant les différentes dimensions? ( 18’28’’)

20. Quelles descriptions nous sont faites de ces dimensions supplémentaires? ( 18’48’’)

7

21. retranscris le passage suivant:

19’53’’ 20’19’’

While string theory was... …would be at the heart of things

22. Comment les choses ont-elles évolué ensuite? ( 21’31’’)

23. Quel sentiment Michael Duff partage-t-il dès lors? (21’55’’ 22’03’’)

24. Retranscris le passage suivant:

22’10’’ 22’30’’

The two camps… …again

25. Quelle conclusion est dès lors tirée de la réconciliation des deux théories jusqu’alors

antagonistes? Quelle est désormais la description faite de notre univers? Quelle nouvelle

théorie découle de ce nouveau constat? ( 23’57’’).

26. Quelle question concernant notre univers a dès lors découlé de la M-theory? ( 26’37’’)

27. Quel phénomène a interpellé Lisa Randall? (27’20’’)

28. Quel constat nous livre-t-elle ensuite – ainsi que son collègue – concernant la gravité?

(28’37’’)

29. Quelle hypothèse Randall et son collègue émettent-ils? (29’10’’)

30. Quel élément peut être expliqué grâce à la théorie des univers parallèles? ( 30’46’’)

31. Que dit-on de la vie dans ces univers parallèles? (31’55’’)

32. Que nous dit ensuite Michio Kaku? (32’07’’)

33. Quelle idée est proposée pour expliquer la naissance de notre univers? ( 37’45’’)

34. Qu’est-ce (en gros) que le « Multivers »?

35. Qu’envisage de faire le dernier scientifique interrogé?

8

!!2 listes de vocabulaire:

36. la « vôtre », construite au fur et à mesure de la leçon, reprenant le voc des textes et ex

faits dans cette présentation ppt

37. La liste en lien avec le documentaire de la BBC

Audition: The Big Bang Theory

9

VOC BBC Parallel universes

This theory is breathtaking [ˈbreθˌteɪkɪŋ] Impressionnant, à couper le souffle

To be haunted by a dark secret [ˈhɔ:ntɪd] Être hanté par

There might be mysterious hidden worlds beyond our human senses Some other useful examples: Answering such a question falls beyond the scope of the present article major changes are foreseen for 1999 and beyond To be beyond reproach

[bɪˈjɒnd] Au-delà de ----------------------------------------------- des changements importants sont prévus pour 1999 et au-delà être au-dessus de tout soupçon.

To claim [kleɪm] Prétendre, déclarer

To argue [ˈɑ:gju:] Soutenir, affirmer (= to maintain)

Physicists have been trying to make sense of an uncomfortable discovery

Comprendre, dégager le sens de

To make sense Some examples can you make (any) sense of this message? it makes/doesn't make sense to wait

Avoir du/un sens, être sensé est-ce que vous arrivez à comprendre ce message? c'est une bonne idée (+/- ça a du sens)/idiot d'attendre

physicist [ˈfɪzɪsɪst] Physicien(ne)

physician [fɪˈzɪʃn] Médecin

They tried to pinpoint the exact location of atomic particles like electrons, they found it was utterly1 impossible

[ˈpɪnpɔɪnt] Localizer; mettre le doigt sur Tout à fait

There’s an old proverb that says: be careful what you wish for in case your wish comes true.

Au cas où

1 See Appendix one .

10

I kept a place for you, in case you were late In case of in case of emergency/fire

je t'ai gardé une place, au cas où tu serais en retard en cas de en cas d'urgence/d'incendie

Albert Einstein could never achieve his goal2

Atteindre son but

Some have thought they were on the brink of this ultimate achievement e.g. the country is on the brink of war/of a recession to be on the brink of doing something

Sur le point de le pays est au bord or à la veille de la guerre/d'une récession être sur le point de faire quelque chose

Everything was about to be explained to be about to

Être sur le point de

They felt they were on the verge of a great triumph.

Sur le point de

Physics seemed to be on the edge of glory to be on the edge of [war, disaster, madness]

Au bord de Être au bord de [d’une guerre, d’un désastre, de la folie]

It was always wishful thinking C’était prendre ses rêves pour la réalité

A revolution occurred (to occur) in the 1980s

[əˈkɜ:ɼ] Se produire, avoir lieu

For years, it had been an article of faith that all the matter in the universe was made of tiny invisible particles

See appendix 2!

-----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------

Conventional wisdom

-----------------------------------------------

2 A few other frequent verbs collocating with goal: to score, to reach, to pursue, to hit, to miss…

11

To address conventional wisdom To question conventional wisdom As usual, conventional wisdom may not be wholly right. Or so goes the conventional wisdom. It seems to be a conventional wisdom that relations with the media are absolutely crucial for a prime minister.

----------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------

At the beginning of 2001, the received wisdom was that the 11th dimension was a tranquil place

= conventional wisdom

If string theory was to become Einstein’s missing theory of everything, it would have to pass one test

≠ to take a test

It was surely a foregone conclusion it was a foregone conclusion

Issue certaine, prévisible c'était gagné d'avance

Try as they might, they could not manage to get the two ideas to merge

See appendix 3

The big bang is the aftermath of some encounter between two parallel worlds

La suite immédiate, le contrecoup

12

APPENDIX ONE: Utterly

Collocation patterns

Some of the most frequent collocates of utterly (adjectives only here, R1 position) (query conducted

on the BNC Web database):

There are 1925 different types in your collocation database for the query "[word="utterly"%c]". (Your

query "utterly" returned 1247 hits in 653 different texts, sorted on position +1 with tag-restriction

any adjective (756 hits))

The selected range was 1 to 1.

Corpus basis for calculation: the whole BNC.

Type of calculation: Log-likelihood

Tag restriction: any adjective

Collocates occur at least 5 times in the whole BNC.

Words collocate at least 2 times.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

No. Word n n expected n observed n texts Coll. value

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 different 47521 0.320 27 24 187.0339

2 ridiculous 1774 0.012 13 12 156.1055

3 miserable 1135 0.008 10 9 123.7378

4 disgraceful 298 0.002 7 6 100.4144

5 impossible 6811 0.046 11 10 98.7956

6 ruthless 632 0.004 7 7 89.8058

7 dependent 3671 0.025 8 7 76.6009

8 unexpected 2017 0.014 7 7 73.5241

9 alien 913 0.006 6 6 70.6823

10 convincing 1205 0.008 6 6 67.3466

11 silent 3489 0.024 7 7 65.8615

12 wrong 14385 0.097 9 9 63.8478

13 unable 6134 0.041 7 6 57.9915

13

14 stupid 3084 0.021 6 6 56.0765

15 desolate 256 0.002 4 4 54.0714

16 incomprehensible 347 0.002 4 4 51.6229

17 irresponsible 418 0.003 4 4 50.1267

18 inadequate 2283 0.015 5 5 47.9054

19 convinced 2381 0.016 5 5 47.4859

20 alone 6381 0.043 6 6 47.3894

21 hateful 107 0.001 3 3 44.0942

22 unreasonable 978 0.007 4 4 43.312

23 repulsive 126 0.001 3 3 43.1008

24 appalling 1010 0.007 4 4 43.0543

25 foolish 1094 0.007 4 2 42.4151

26 expressionless 148 0.001 3 3 42.1248

27 free 19433 0.131 7 7 42.02

28 devoted 1202 0.008 4 4 41.6621

29 unacceptable 1219 0.008 4 4 41.5498

30 defenceless 164 0.001 3 3 41.5031

31 useless 1253 0.008 4 4 41.3298

32 inaccessible 338 0.002 3 2 37.1378

33 futile 349 0.002 3 3 36.945

34 incompetent 369 0.002 3 3 36.6095

35 ludicrous 415 0.003 3 3 35.9025

36 compelling 432 0.003 3 3 35.661

37 remote 2813 0.019 4 4 34.8739

38 mad 2958 0.020 4 4 34.4735

39 pointless 533 0.004 3 3 34.3978

40 wretched 570 0.004 3 3 33.9945

41 clueless 26 0.000 2 1 33.5313

42 brilliant 3398 0.023 4 4 33.3693

43 false 3530 0.024 4 4 33.066

44 opposed 715 0.005 3 3 32.6334

14

45 ignorant 724 0.005 3 3 32.5583

46 cynical 740 0.005 3 3 32.4271

47 baseless 35 0.000 2 2 32.301

48 incapable 823 0.006 3 3 31.7891

49 unmediated 41 0.000 2 2 31.6508

50 amazed 845 0.006 3 3 31.6308

51 absurd 926 0.006 3 3 31.0818

52 captivating 54 0.000 2 2 30.5252

53 delightful 1066 0.007 3 3 30.2376

54 self-destructive 60 0.000 2 2 30.0962

55 delicious 1092 0.007 3 3 30.0932

56 reprehensible 61 0.000 2 2 30.029

57 besotted 63 0.000 2 2 29.8979

58 unaware 1133 0.008 3 3 29.8723

59 enthralling 69 0.000 2 2 29.5284

60 inappropriate 1236 0.008 3 3 29.3509

61 beguiling 78 0.001 2 2 29.0313

62 irrelevant 1330 0.009 3 3 28.9119

63 dejected 82 0.001 2 2 28.8288

64 reasonable 6065 0.041 4 4 28.7682

65 unforgivable 89 0.001 2 1 28.4973

66 content 1495 0.010 3 3 28.2117

67 repugnant 96 0.001 2 2 28.1912

68 boring 1545 0.010 3 3 28.0148

69 secure 1773 0.012 3 3 27.1912

70 intolerant 126 0.001 2 2 27.0939

71 Dependable 129 0.001 2 2 26.999

72 destitute 130 0.001 2 2 26.9679

73 transcendent 134 0.001 2 2 26.8458

74 fearless 154 0.001 2 2 26.2857

75 incongruous 167 0.001 2 2 25.9597

15

76 inhuman 185 0.001 2 2 25.5481

77 vulnerable 2398 0.016 3 3 25.3865

78 scandalous 195 0.001 2 2 25.3366

79 serene 210 0.001 2 2 25.0389

80 disillusioned 212 0.001 2 2 25.0008

81 frivolous 215 0.001 2 2 24.9444

82 distraught 251 0.002 2 2 24.3229

83 dissimilar 277 0.002 2 2 23.9275

84 wasteful 284 0.002 2 2 23.8274

85 sane 286 0.002 2 2 23.7993

86 bemused 286 0.002 2 2 23.7993

87 misguided 302 0.002 2 2 23.581

88 impoverished 335 0.002 2 2 23.1653

89 improper 377 0.003 2 2 22.6921

90 devoid 391 0.003 2 2 22.5461

91 ghastly 398 0.003 2 2 22.475

92 barren 405 0.003 2 2 22.4052

93 childish 443 0.003 2 2 22.0461

94 unknown 4266 0.029 3 3 21.9537

95 powerless 456 0.003 2 2 21.9303

96 sincere 457 0.003 2 2 21.9216

97 obscene 472 0.003 2 2 21.7923

98 bewildered 501 0.003 2 2 21.5537

99 unbelievable 532 0.004 2 2 21.3135

100 horrified 532 0.004 2 2 21.3135

101 unrealistic 577 0.004 2 2 20.9887

102 vital 5033 0.034 3 1 20.9716

103 meaningless 639 0.004 2 2 20.5806

104 depressing 640 0.004 2 2 20.5744

105 unlike 650 0.004 2 2 20.5124

106 selfish 653 0.004 2 2 20.494

16

107 unpredictable 673 0.005 2 2 20.3734

108 hopeless 708 0.005 2 2 20.1708

109 pragmatic 763 0.005 2 2 19.8719

110 destructive 777 0.005 2 1 19.7992

111 feminine 780 0.005 2 2 19.7838

112 devastating 786 0.005 2 2 19.7532

113 helpless 791 0.005 2 2 19.7279

114 terrified 802 0.005 2 2 19.6727

115 new 113561 0.766 7 7 18.5614

116 calm 1108 0.007 2 2 18.3827

117 disastrous 1109 0.007 2 2 18.3791

118 beautiful 8377 0.056 3 3 17.959

119 loyal 1327 0.009 2 2 17.6635

120 charming 1330 0.009 2 2 17.6545

121 determined 1568 0.011 2 2 16.9988

122 peaceful 1603 0.011 2 2 16.9109

123 characteristic 1678 0.011 2 2 16.7289

124 confused 1857 0.013 2 2 16.3256

125 unfair 1897 0.013 2 2 16.2409

126 happy 11316 0.076 3 3 16.1938

127 reliable 2201 0.015 2 2 15.6501

128 desperate 2430 0.016 2 2 15.2571

129 consistent 3071 0.021 2 2 14.329

130 foreign 15943 0.108 3 3 14.199

131 bloody 4930 0.033 2 2 12.4601

132 empty 5011 0.034 2 2 12.396

133 clear 22211 0.150 3 3 12.2936

134 dry 5252 0.035 2 2 12.2113

135 sure 23174 0.156 3 3 12.0519

136 unlikely 5538 0.037 2 2 12.003

137 quiet 5822 0.039 2 2 11.8068

17

138 lovely 6008 0.041 2 2 11.6835

139 strange 6039 0.041 2 2 11.6633

140 safe 6334 0.043 2 2 11.4765

141 essential 8626 0.058 2 2 10.2717

142 simple 13693 0.092 2 2 8.4913

143 other 135478 0.914 2 2 0.9627

Utterly: Distribution Spoken or Written:

Category No. of words No. of hits Dispersion (over files) Frequency per

million words

Written 87,903,571 728 449/3,140 8.28

Spoken 10,409,858 28 23/908 2.69

total 98,313,429 756 472/4,048 7.69

Derived text type:

Category No. of words No. of hits Dispersion (over files) Frequency per

million words

Fiction and verse 16,143,913 279 148/452 17.28

Non-academic prose and biography 24,178,674 190 114/744 7.86

Newspapers 9,412,174 62 43/486 6.59

Other published written material 17,924,109 113 83/710 6.3

Academic prose 15,778,028 81 58/497 5.13

Other spoken material 6,175,896 25 20/755 4.05

Spoken conversation 4,233,962 3 3/153 0.71

Unpublished written material 4,466,673 3 3/251 0.67

total 98,313,429 756 472/4,048 7.69

18

Appendix 2: Article of Faith

No

Hits 1 to 28 Page 1 / 1

1 this way, lest it become an unthinking orthodoxy — a

mere article of faith . To submit the free speech principle to such a test is

2 of the legislature in modern democracies, it has

become a casual article of faith that parliaments, including Westminster, have become ever

more supine in

3 discuss women's writing and feminist literary theory.

It was an article of faith with this circle that women must free themselves from the erotic

patronage

4 the job, held his readers' adoration of royalty as an article of faith . He decided to use the letter; the editor of his

5 and the post-classical, for which ‘precatory, words

became an article of faith in construing a disposition as a trust. This is quite clear

6 creed would then become accepted as axiomatic and

be regarded as an article of faith , although, to those who closely examine the propositions they

may

7 ideals. For Youth Allyah , Zionism came before all, an

article of faith expressed with terrifying force by David Ben-Gurion, Jewish

leader in Palestine

8 to the very principle of fostering refugee children. It

was an article of faith which led to disputes with the RCM and lively discussions

between Rebecca

9 Lord Robertson had held for many years a belief

amounting to an article of faith that Meehan and Griffiths had committed the Ayr murder, and

that

10 and the class struggle, and it is so far only an article of faith to suppose that they can be refined to a point where one

11 and the members of an evergrowing number of other

occupations with an article of faith with which to justify their claim to superior status and special

privileges

12 Palumbo is very independent; others argue the reverse.

The main article of faith for recent Conservative governments financial good

housekeeping with great emphasis on public

13 Wordsworth provided it. It used to be respectable, an

acceptable article of faith even, to quote Wordsworth. Indeed, two of the great

14 Japan of foreign advances in Asia, seclusion remained

for many an article of faith . Sporadic attempts by Western nations to penetrate Japan's

isolation from

15 By its insistence on the generalized imminence of

revolution — more an article of faith than a result of pragmatic observation — the Comintern was at

least

16 between stellar mass loss and the H-H objects has

become a widespread article of faith . In principle, the generation of any supersonic disturbance of a

17 But I love them,’ said Julia. It was an article of faith . ‘And they are — and always have been — very

18 honest and realistic scrutiny must entail our

preparedness to challenge the ultimate article of faith in primary education: the inviolability of the class-teacher

system. TEACHERS

19 adamantine opposition to unionism, which had

become a fixed and immovable article of faith among many of the great industries of the United States’ (

20 It is a scientific law. [protagonist:] — An article of faith . — Until disproved. In the meantime, we are content

21 to turn away the wrath of strangers. It would be an article of faith with him to believe that. He would have said those nomads

22 LS, *under review GARDENS EDITORIAL Small is

beautiful is almost an article of faith in Britain. The quality of even our grandest scenery owes much

23 and West African territories. In China and Japan it was

an article of faith to replace European railway workers by local employees as

soon as possible

24 home.’ In a voice that made it sound like an article of faith , Christine said: ‘We both know that your father did

25 than life in a hospital has, for decades, been an article of faith for mental health workers. Cohorts of social workers whose

training expounded

26 loved her grandmother; she had tried to believe, as an article of faith , that she loved her mother equally. Whenever the two women

27 not take away the powers of local government. That is article of faith for him. Therefore, he has a problem with the Labour

19

an

28 the newer generations in this place, it's not longer an article of faith er but a part of the political landscape that has to be

APPENDIX 3: Try as I/you/…/they might N

o Hits 1 to 50 Page 1 / 2

1 in their opposition to father, whose influence naturally

remained dominant,

try as they

might

to escape; and this imbalance distorted their view of

relationships and

2 washbasins and tiles to the Land of the Rising Sun. But

try as they

might

, they can't persuade the Japanese to buy English

loos!

3 at her, until she could have screamed with irritation, and

try as she

might

to ignore it, there was no doubt in her mind that

4 in the palm of her hand. Except for one member. Try as she

might

, she couldn't stop her eyes from straying back in his

5 is displayed most vividly over Mr Heseltine's coal mine

dilemma.

Try as he

might

it is clear that he cannot make the economic figures

add

6 the young Campbell lass found herself caught up in the

arrangements.

Try as she

might

, memories of her true love faded before the

fascination of satin

7 something else, a rootlessness, an atemporality about

my life.

Try as I

might

to be in the present, to subsume myself to history,

8 very publicly condemned by his own club. The England

management,

try as they

might

, can hardly ignore such damning evidence. And that

is a

9 it. So for girls, worth and beauty are interwoven. Try as we

might

to tell ourselves that it's ‘what's on the inside

10 a world that it be lovable by beings like us.’ Try as I

might

, I can attach no definite meaning to this rather grand

sentence

11 he knew what had stopped her dead in her tracks. And try as she

might

she could not detach her eyes from the object on the

table

12 brassy! ‘Did you want something, Mr Burns?’ Try as she

might

to sound polite but distant, she couldn't help but hear

13 got into top gear and came through into second place,

but

try as he

might

he could never pose a threat to Pinza, who galloped

on

14 's in the group and how they interact with each other

and

try as one

might

, I suppose I play th-- the leading role in this group

20

15 both he didn't decide to play the Highland Fling!’ Try as she

might

, Rory couldn't help but giggle at the ridiculous

picture that

16 he had come straight home or stayed out drinking —

that,

try as he

might

, Parker could not remember. The room was strewn

with his

17 said tentatively. ‘I know you mean well, but, try as I

might

, I can't think that what you are suggesting would be

18 looked down at the red wrinkled face of the sleeping

child.

Try as he

might

, George could find nothing attractive in the frowning

features and almost

19 cannot recommend that the union continues to finance

the claim.

Try as we

might

, we cannot win every case. With the best will