27
Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Halticinae): overview of research in Hungary Tth, Mikls and Csonka, va Plant Protection Institute HAS, Herman O. u. 15., H-1022 Budapest, Hungary, e-mail [email protected]

Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    6

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

Chemical communication of European cabbage fleabeetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Halticinae):

overview of research in Hungary

Tóth, Miklós and Csonka, Éva

Plant Protection Institute HAS, Herman O. u. 15., H-1022Budapest, Hungary, e-mail [email protected]

Page 2: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

Importance of flea beetlesImportance of flea beetles

Photo: Jurkó Viktória

chewing damage on seedlings� reduced growth� uneven maturing

Vectors� radish mosaic virus (RMV)� turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV)� brome mosaic virus (BMV), etc.

Page 3: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

Host plant - derivedattractants of flea beetles

ISOTHIOCYANATESISOTHIOCYANATES

GLUCOSINOLATESGLUCOSINOLATES

myros

inase

Allyl isothiocianate (allyl ITCN) as adescribed food attractant:

( Z. Kaszab)

Phyllotreta ReferenceGörnitz, 1953, Feeny et al. 1970,Vincent & Stewart, 1984,

cruciferae

striolata Pivnick et al. (1992)

pusilla Pivnick et al. (1992)

bipustulata Vincent & Stewart, 1984

Page 4: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

Field response to allyl ITCN

29 experiments conducted in:Hungary (12 test sites)Slovenia (1 test site)Bulgaria (1 test site)

••

•• •••

••

Page 5: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

6

mean(+SE)

Exp. 28. Total caught: 261 beetles

P<0.0001

160

800

18

P<0.0001Exp. 19. Total caught: 513 beetles

Exp. 20. Total caught: 1328 beetlesP=0.0005

Exp. 21. Total caught: 713 beetlesP<0.0001

6

Exp. 18. Total caught: 67 beetlesP=0.0023

2

35

7

7

P=0.0001Exp. 6. Total caught: 98 beetles

P=0.004Exp. 11. Total caught: 115 beetles

P<0.0001

P=0.019Exp. 17. Total caught: 62 beetles

Exp. 12. Total caught: 949 beetles

Exp. 5. Total caught: 95 beetles

30

P=0.038

45

Field response to allyl ITCN: Ph. vittula

25

P=0.001Exp. 3. Total caught: 511 beetles

P=0.003Exp. 4. Total caught: 352 beetles

0

baited unbaited PhotoPhoto: : ÉÉva Csonkava Csonka

Page 6: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

Field response to allyl ITCN: other spp.

0

12

baited unbaited

Total caught:45 beetles

Ph. balcanica

P=0.015

0

8

baited unbaited

Total caught:24 beetles

Ph. atra

P=0.0036

0

0.3

baited unbaited

Ph. procera

P=0.013 Total caught:7 beetles

0

0.5

baited unbaited

Ph. ochripes

P=0.016Total caught:13 beetles0

4

baited unbaited

Total caught:10 beetles

Ph. diademata

P=0.037

2

0.5

3

Total caught:67 beetles

Psyll. chrysocephalus

3

baited unbaited

P<0.0001

Total caught:27 beetles

P=0.005

Total caught: 23beetles0

2

P=0.0001

P=0.0032 Total caught: 20beetles

Total caught:64 beetles

P<0.0001

mea

n (+

SE)

baited unbaited

3

Total caught: 45beetles

0.35

0

6

P=0.014

P=0.04

Ph. undulata

Total caught:11 beetles

P=0.0002 Total caught:168 beetles

Total caught:15 beetles

0.8

0

2

Ph. nigripes

P=0.034

P<0.0001Total caught:45 beetles

baited unbaited

Total caught:109 beetles

Ph. nodicornis

P=0.0012

0

4

baited unbaited

mea

n (+

SE)

mea

n (+

SE)

Page 7: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

Ps. chrysocephalus

Ph. diademata

Ph. atra

Ph. procera

Ph. ochripes

Ph. nodicornis

Ph. undulata

Ph. nigripes

Ph. vittula

Ph. cruciferae

Sum:66

Sum:48

Sum:438

Sum:1222

Sum:4030

Sum:1354

Sum:6883

Sum:1089

Sum:9211

Sum:15341

Sum:1113

Sum:501

Sum:13362

Sum:664

Sum:73296

Sum:11585

Sum:112

Sum:78

Sum:2164

Sum:5128

Sum:1286

Sum:520

cabbage oilseed rape white mustard maize fallowfield

Page 8: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

was discovered in this study; electrophysiological activityhas been known before

Psylliodeschrysocephala

was discovered in this study;Ph. ochripes

was discovered in this study;Ph. diademata

was discovered in this study;Ph. atra

was discovered in this study;Ph. nigripes

was discovered in this study;Ph. undulata

was discovered in this studyPh. balcanica

was discovered in this studyPh. nodicornis

was discovered in this studyPh. procera

was discovered in this studyPh. vittula

has been known from literature; confirmed in this studyPh. cruciferae

Attractive activity of allyl ITCN: Species captured:

Page 9: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

2unbaited

2ALLYL ITCN

2473BUT ITCN

418ITCN MIX

bait total catch

0 a

0

20

40

60 d

bc

c

abc c abcab aITCN MIX2BUT TCN

3BUT ITCN

BUT ITCNBUT TCN

ALLYL ITCN

PHEN TCN

+–––––

–+––––

––+–––

––––+–

–––––+

––––––

––––––

– – – – – + –

––+–––

Vecsés

Ph. vittula

10

20

30

40

50Meancatch+SE

b

b

aba a a

not

tested

Pusztaszabolcs

total caught:704 beetles

total caught: 917 beetles

– =absent, + =present

Nadap, Fejér county, Hungary, oilseedrape, SEP 14- OCT 8, 2002.

Activity of other ITCN-s: preliminary tests

Composition of ITCN mix: 2-butenyl-, phenethyl-, 3-butenyl-and butyl isothiocyanates

Page 10: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

b

0

4

8

12

16

total catch: 390

beetles

a

b

b

0

20

40

60

80

totalcatch:1471beetle

s

aba

Ph. vittulaMeancatch+SE

P=0.0018

0

2

4

6

8

P=0.0008

ALLYL ITCN

2BUT ITCN

3BUT ITCN

BUT ITCNPHEN ITCN

++++– +–

––– +

+++––

–––

+

––++–

– =absent,+=present

0

10

20

30

40

50 Budakalász Ercsi

Ercsi

totalcatch:1394

beetles

totalcatch:338

beetles

Ph. cruciferaeBudakalász

Meancatch+SE

Activity of other ITCN-s:

Since numerically most Since numerically most Ph.Ph.vittulavittula were caught with the were caught with theITCN MIX in the preliminaryITCN MIX in the preliminarytests, we continued withtests, we continued withcomparison trials betweencomparison trials betweencombinations of componentscombinations of componentsof ITCN MIX and ALLYLof ITCN MIX and ALLYLITCN to see whichITCN to see whichcomponents of ITCN MIXcomponents of ITCN MIXwere important.were important.

The omission of 2BUT ITCNThe omission of 2BUT ITCNand BUT ITCN was withoutand BUT ITCN was withouteffect.effect.

Page 11: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

Ph. cruciferae

total catch:51109 beetles

0

200

400

a

b

b

bb

0

100

200

300Meancatch+ SE

Ph. vittula

total catch: 27378 beetles

ALLYL ITCNPHENETH ITCN

3BUT ITCN2BUT ITCN

BUT ITCN

a–+–––

c

+++++

b

+–

–––

c

+++

––

b

++–––

– =absent, + =present

Meancatch +SE

Best Best Ph. vittulaPh. vittula catches catcheswere obtained withwere obtained withmulticomponent mixturesmulticomponent mixtureswhich contained 3BUTwhich contained 3BUTITCN.ITCN.

This suggested that onlyThis suggested that onlythis compound carriedthis compound carriedactivity in the ITCN MIXactivity in the ITCN MIX

Activity of other ITCN-s:

Page 12: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

b

Ph. vittula

0

40

80

120

3BUT ITCN

Meancatch+ SE

a

b

– ++

ALLYL ITCN– +

+

total catch:10065beetles

0

100

200

300

400

500Ph. cruciferae

total catch:51109 beetles

– =absent, + =present

a

b

b

Meancatch+ SE

The importance of 3BUT ITCNThe importance of 3BUT ITCNwas corroborated in a final testwas corroborated in a final testwhere again highest where again highest Ph. vittulaPh. vittulacatches were observed in trapscatches were observed in trapswith baits containing 3BUTwith baits containing 3BUTITCN, while ITCN, while Ph. cruciferaePh. cruciferaeresponded best to baits containingresponded best to baits containingALLYL ITCN.ALLYL ITCN.

The binary blend caught similarThe binary blend caught similarnumbers as the respective singlenumbers as the respective singlecompounds in both species.compounds in both species.

Activity of other ITCN-s:

Page 13: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

Male-specific pheromone candidateMale-specific pheromone candidatecompounds (compounds (Ph. cruciferaePh. cruciferae))

AA

CC

BB

DD

EE

HH

Bartelt Bartelt et al.,et al., (2001)(2001)

Page 14: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

Ph. cruciferae

0

20

40

60

total caught: 3696 beetles

a a

b

b

Mean catch +

SE

Ph. vittula

a

c

4

8

Meancatch +

SE

total caught: 577 beetles

a

a

comp. A,C,D,E,HALLYL ITCN

– =absent, + =present

0

4

8total caught: 246 beetles

a a

a

c

0

0

50

100

150 total caught: 4532 beetles

ab

c

d

+ – –– + –

+ + – –+ – + –

Budakalász

Budakalász

Nadap

NadapMeancatch +

SE

Meancatch +

SE

++

Mixture of male specificcompounds active in Ph.cruciferae AND vittula

Page 15: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

Compound D has no effectCompound D has no effect

mea

n (+

SE

)

SE

)0

4

8

a a

Total: 565 beetles

300

0

100

200

bc

a

Total: 13880 beetles

c

allyl ITCNACEHD

�++

+��

+�+

++�

+

++

���

Pusztazámor,

;

2003 SEP. 10-19.

Phyllotreta cruciferae

Phyllotreta vittula

d d

bbc

cc

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

b

Total: 34 beetles

0

Total: 2496 beetles

10

20

30

ab

+��

+�+

++�

+++

���

Budakalász,

2003 AUG. 19-27.

c

d

d

ab

ab ab

Pusztazámor,

2003 SEP. 10-19.

Budakalász,2003 AUG. 19-27.

mea

n (+

SE

)

Page 16: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

Budakalász, fehér mustár;2003 szept. 10-19.

Phyllotreta cruciferaeát

lago

s fo

gás

(+SE

)

0

2

4

6

*

0

100

200

300

400

aallyl ITCN

ACEH minusACEH plus

++–

+–+

+++

+––

–––

*a

a

*a

*a

bc

dcd

b

összes fogás: 36669 db

összes fogás: 342 db

Phyllotreta vittula

The PLUS (+) enantiomers are the active onesThe PLUS (+) enantiomers are the active ones

Page 17: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

0

100

200

300

400

a

bb

0

4

8

12

a

allyl ITCNACEH plus

ACEH minusA racémC racém

+��+�

+��++

+�+��

++���

+++��

+����

�����

Phyllotreta cruciferaeTotal: 11504 beetles

Phyllotreta vittula

Budakalász,

2004 ápr.4-19.

mea

n +

SE

c

c

c c

b

c

bc

bc

bcbc

The MINUS (The MINUS (––) enantiomers do not influence the activity;) enantiomers do not influence the activity;presence of comp. C, E, H not necessarypresence of comp. C, E, H not necessary

Total: 317 beetles

mea

n +

SE

Page 18: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

Relative importance of male specific compounds of Ph.cruciferae

Himachalenedervativespresent inlowerquantities; theiromission hadno effect

C

H

E(+)-gamma-cadinene:Its omissionfrom the blendhad no effect

D

A himachalene-derivative:due to synthetic problemswas not tested B

(10S,11S)-himachala-2,4-diénthe compound carrying behavioral activity

A

Page 19: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

comp. A

Ph. vittula

Ph. cruciferae

total caught:2031 beetles

Meancatch + SE

total caught: 7555 beetles

0

10

20

30

40

50

ALLYL ITCN

0

40

80

120

160

P=0.0055

P=0.0003

+–

++

– =absent, + =present

Meancatch + SE

Compound Compound AA alone is active also in alone is active also inPh. vittula,Ph. vittula,

which suggested that Compound which suggested that Compound AAmay be the key pheromonemay be the key pheromonecomponent also in this speciescomponent also in this species

Page 20: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

Ph. vittula

Ph.cruciferae

min.

2

6

10

14

18

22

26

30

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

2

6

10

14

18

22

int std.

A

int. std.

E

E

D

B

C

A

B

C

D

Same pheromone components involatile collections from Ph.vittula and Ph. cruciferae

We recently identified thesecompounds also in volatiles from male

Ph. nigripesPh. undulataPh. nemorum

0.12<0.0001not

available0.002

46.3+8.1

(n=4)61.03+7.5

(n=4)1.87

(n=1)

21.9+3.9

(n=4)

30.6 +4.8

(n=6)

14.43+1.3

(n=6)

2.57+0.3

(n=3)

7.9 +0.48

(n=6)

comp. Ecomp. Dcomp. Ccomp. B

Ratio in % of comp. A (Mean+SE)

P-value

Ph.cruciferae

Ph. vittula

Page 21: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

0

4

8

12 Ph. vittulaMeancatch+ SE

total catch:401beetles

total catch:458 beetles

Ph. cruciferae� =absent, + =present

0

2

4

6

8

10

3BUT ITCNALLYL ITCN

comp A

+ �+�

++� +

+���a

abb b

c

0.0550.0830.548

<0.0001<0.00010.007

<0.00010.0250.041

<0.0001P values fromMann-Whitney test(pairedcomparisons)

Highest catches in Highest catches in Ph. cruciferaePh. cruciferaewith compound A plus allyl ITCN,with compound A plus allyl ITCN,

while in while in Ph. vittulaPh. vittula with withcompound A plus 3BUT ITCNcompound A plus 3BUT ITCN

So these species show differingSo these species show differingpreferences in their host-plantpreferences in their host-plantrelated communication, but arerelated communication, but arevery similar in their pheromonalvery similar in their pheromonalcommunicationcommunication

Page 22: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

12 15 18 21 26 29 1 6 9

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

mea

n (

+S

E)

700

VARs+

VARL+

RAG

VARs+

VARL+

RAG

mea

n(+

SE

)n

orm

aliz

ed a

gai

nst

cat

ch i

n R

AG

st

ick

y t

rap

SEP OCT

Optimal trap designPreliminary comparison of funnel traps VARL+ and VARs+with sticky delta (RAG) trap designs

Page 23: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

KLP Diabroticas kepek

Comparison ofVARL+(funnel)vs.KLP+ (�hat�)trap designs

VARL+

KLP+

Optimal trap design

Page 24: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

Preliminary resultsPreliminary results

0200400600800

1000120014001600

Phyllotreta cruciferae

Dunaföldvár, 2004 JUL 12-23.

total: 2934P=0.01

0500

1000150020002500300035004000

Phyllotreta vittula

total: 7892P=0.012

0100020003000400050006000700080009000

Ercsi, 2004 AUG. 2-SEP. 17

total: 37362P=0.19

0

5 0

100

150

200

250

300

350

total: 2311P=0.045

0123456789

total: 13P=0.02

Phyllotreta nigripes

total: 41P=0.004

00.25

0.50.75

11.25

1.51.75

22.25

2.5

mean+SE

KLP+ VARL+

mean + SE

KLP+ VARL+

KLP+ VARL+

KLP+ VARL+ KLP+VARL+

KLP+ VARL+

Page 25: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

0

5 0

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

KLP + VARL+

mean +SE

Season-long comparisons of VARL+ vs. KLP+(Pusztazámor, 2005 MAR. 31- SEP. 2).

Ph. cruciferaeTotal: 89431

05

1 01 52 02 53 03 54 04 55 0

KLP+ VARL+

P<0.0001

Ph. vittulaTotal: 11475

P=0.0003

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

KLP+ VARL+

Ph. nigripesTotal: 567

P<0.0001

0

0.0250.05

0.0750.1

0.12

0.15

0.17

0.2

0.23

KLP+ VARL+

Psyll. chrysocephalus

P=0.0048

Total: 35

Page 26: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350 Phyllotreta vittula

Phyllotreta cruciferae

VARL+

KLP+

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

meanm+SE

02

46

810

1214

1618

2 5 12 23 1 6 11 15 20 24 27 1 4 8 13 15 19 22 25 29 1 8 12 16 19 23 26 29 2 6 12 22

April5 8 15 18 26 29

May June July August September

Phyllotreta nigripes

Pusztazámor,2005.

total: 567

total: 11475

total: 89431

Page 27: Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles ...csalomontraps.com/7publications/cabbagefleabeetles3.pdf · Chemical communication of European cabbage flea beetles (Coleoptera:

The authors are greatly indebvted to valuable contributionsof cooperators participating in one or several parts of ourresearch on flea beetles:

Flórián Bakcsa, HungaryRobert J. Bartelt, USAPál Benedek, HungaryAllard A. Cossé, USAStanislav Gomboc, SloveniaKenji Mori, JapanEnno Möttus, EstoniaShin-Etsu Muto, JapanMitko Subchev, BulgariaIstván Szarukán, HungaryTeodora Toshova, BulgariaIstván Ujváry, HungaryBruce W. Zilkowski, USA