Concepts in OB

7/31/2019 Concepts in OB

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Fundamental concepts in OB


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The Nature of People

Individual differences

Perception

A whole person

Motivated behavior

Desire for involvement

Value of the person

The Nature of

Organizations

Social systems

Mutual interest

Ethics


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Individual difference

The idea of individual differences comes

originally from psychology.

From the day of birth, each person is unique

(the impact of nature), and individual

experiences after birth tend to make people

even more different (the influence ofnurture).

Management can motivate employees best by

treating them differently.


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Perception

Employees see their work worlds differently

for a variety of reasons.

They may differ in their personalities, needs,

demographic factors, and past experiences

Managers must learn to expect perceptual

differences among their employees, accept

people as emotional beings, and manage

them in individual ways.


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A Whole person

Organizations employ a whole person rather thancertain characteristics. Skill does not exist apartfrom background or knowledge.

Home life is not totally separable from work life,and emotional conditions are not separate fromphysical conditions. People function as totalhuman being

If the whole person can be improved, thenbenefits will extend beyond the firm into thelarger society in which each employee lives.


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Motivated behaviour

Motivation is essential to the operation of

organizations.

No matter how much technology and

equipment an organization has, these

resources cannot be put to use until they are

released and guided by people who have been

motivated.


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Desire for involvement

Many employees today are actively seeking

opportunities at work to become involved in

relevant decisions, thereby contributing their

talents and ideas to the organizations success.


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Value of the person

People deserve to be treated differently fromother factors of production (land, capital,technology)

Because of this distinction, they want to betreated with caring, respect, and dignity;increasingly, they demand such treatment fromtheir employers.

They want to be valued for their skills andabilities and to be provided with opportunities todevelop themselves.


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Nature of organisations


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Social systems

Just as people have psychological needs, they

also have social roles and status.

Their behavior is influenced by their group as

well as by their individual drives.

In fact, two types of social systems exist side

by side in organizations. One is the formal

(official) social system, and the other is the

informal social system.


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Mutual Interest

Organizations need people, and people needorganizations.

Managers need employees to help them reach

organizational objectives; people needorganizations to help them reach individualobjectives

Mutual interest provides a super-ordinate goal

one that can be attained only through theintegrated efforts of individuals and theiremployers.


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Ethics

Ethics is the use of moral principles and

values to affect the behavior of individuals

and organizations with regard to choices

between what is right and wrong.

In order to attract and retain valuable

employees in an era in which good workers

are constantly recruited away, organizationsmust treat employees in an ethical fashion.


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Companies have established codes of ethics,publicized statements of ethical values, providesethics training, rewards employees for notable

ethical behavior, publicized positive role models,and set up internal procedures to handlemisconduct.

They have begun to recognize that since

organizational behavior always involves people,ethical philosophy is involved in one way oranother in each action they take.

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Concepts in OB