Disaccharides

Disaccharides

Disaccharides - Maltose• Glucose + glucose; alpha acetal linkage

Lactose

Lactose• Galactose + glucose; beta acetal linkage

Sucrose

Sucrose• Glucose + fructose; alpha acetal linkage

Sucrose

Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides

Starch and amylopectin• Alpha acetal linkage

Starch and amylopectin• Alpha acetal linkage

Starch and amylopectin• Alpha acetal linkage

Cellulose• Beta acetal linkages; Plant structures

Cellulose• Beta acetal linkages; Plant structures

Glycogen• Alpha acetal linkages; mammal storage form

Blood Glucose Test• Oxidation of aldehyde --> acid

Starch Iodine Test• Iodine goes into the spiral of starch

Sugar and Tooth Decay• Bacteria hydrolyze sucrose to fructose and polymerize the glucose to stick to enamel.

High Fructose Corn Syrup• Starch hydrolyzed, glucose isomerized to fructose

High Fructose Corn Syrup• Starch hydrolyzed, glucose isomerized to fructose

Sugar and Sweetners• Aspartame Synthesis: Ester and Amide

Sugar and Sweetners• Aspartame and Sweetness Receptor Site

Sugar and Sweetners• Aspartame and Sweetness Receptor Site

Sugar and Sweetners• Saccharin or Sweet’N Low - 1907

Sugar and Sweetners• Cyclamate - 1970 banned from use - caused bladder cancer in rats.

Sugar and Sweetners• Sucralose or Splenda - can be used in cooking

Sugar and Sweetners• Acesulfame-K - also known as Sunette, Sweet One, Sweet 'n Safe