26
1 VENKI RAMAN ALLENTOWN, PA APRIL 15, 1997 EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN TRANSPORTATION CLEAN TRANSPORTATION

EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

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Page 1: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-1

VENK

I RAM

ANAL

LENT

OWN,

PA

APRI

L 15

, 199

7

EMER

GING

APP

LICA

TION

S OF

HYD

ROGE

N IN

EM

ERGI

NG A

PPLI

CATI

ONS

OF H

YDRO

GEN

IN

CLEA

N TR

ANSP

ORTA

TION

CLEA

N TR

ANSP

ORTA

TION

Page 2: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-2

PRES

ENTA

TION

OUT

LINE

PRES

ENTA

TION

OUT

LINE

TRAN

SITI

ONS

IN T

RANS

PORT

ATIO

N SY

STEM

S

INTE

RNAT

IONA

L HY

DROG

EN E

NERG

Y DE

VELO

PMEN

TS

HYDR

OGEN

TRA

NSPO

RTAT

ION

PROG

RAMS

HYDR

OGEN

FUE

L SU

PPLY

OPT

IONS

EVOL

UTIO

N OF

HYD

ROGE

N IN

FRAS

TRUC

TURE

Page 3: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-3

TRAN

SITI

ONS

IN T

RANS

PORT

ATIO

N SY

STEM

STR

ANSI

TION

S IN

TRA

NSPO

RTAT

ION

SYST

EMS

NATU

RAL

NATU

RAL

GAS

GAS

OIL

OIL

HYDR

OGEN

HYDR

OGEN

FUEL

SFU

ELS

PRO

PULS

ION

SYS

TEM

SPR

OPU

LSIO

N S

YSTE

MS

IC E

NGIN

ESIC

ENG

INES

ELEC

TRIC

MOT

ORS

ELEC

TRIC

MOT

ORS

NEW

FU

ELS

NEW

FU

ELS

+ + N

EW E

NG

INES

NEW

EN

GIN

ESC

LEAN

SU

STAI

NAB

LEC

LEAN

SU

STAI

NAB

LETR

ANSP

OR

TATI

ON

TRAN

SPO

RTA

TIO

N==

Page 4: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-4

SHIF

T TO

FUE

LS W

ITH

LESS

CAR

BON

SHIF

T TO

FUE

LS W

ITH

LESS

CAR

BON

WO

OD

CO

ALO

ILNG

H2

0102030405060708090100

WO

OD

CO

ALO

ILNG

H2

% H

2EN

ERG

Y M

BTU

/LB

Page 5: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-5

MAJO

R IN

TERN

ATIO

NAL

HYDR

OGEN

PRO

JECT

SMA

JOR

INTE

RNAT

IONA

L HY

DROG

EN P

ROJE

CTS

30 C

OUNT

RIES

ACT

IVE

IN H

2R&

D

JAPA

N-$

2 BI

LLIO

N W

E-NE

T PR

OJEC

T

GERM

ANY-

LEAD

ER IN

H2

VEHI

CLE

APPL

ICAT

IONS

U.S.

-FUE

L CE

LL T

ECHN

OLOG

Y

CANA

DA-E

URO

QUEB

EC H

YDRO

H2

PROG

RAM

Page 6: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-6

JAPA

N’S

JAPA

N’S

-- WE

WE --

NET

CONC

EPT

NET

CONC

EPT

Page 7: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-7

GERM

AN H

YDRO

GEN

VEHI

CLES

GERM

AN H

YDRO

GEN

VEHI

CLES

LONG

HIS

TORY

OF

HYDR

OGEN

VEH

ICLE

DEV

ELOP

MENT

FIRS

T PA

TENT

FOR

H2/D

IESE

L EN

GINE

-19

28

DAIM

LER-

BENZ

ACT

IVE

IN H

2IC

ENG

INES

SIN

CE 19

70s

THRE

E EF

FORT

S UN

DERW

AY–

IC E

NGIN

E BU

SES

–FU

EL C

ELL

CAR

–LI

QUID

HYD

ROGE

N TR

ANSP

ORT

PLAN

E

Page 8: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-8

MERC

EDES

MERC

EDES

-- BEN

Z FU

EL C

ELL

CAR

BENZ

FUE

L CE

LL C

AR

Page 9: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-9

Germ

anGe

rman

-- Rus

sian

Russ

ian C

ryop

lane

Cryo

plan

ePr

ojec

tPr

ojec

t

TEAM

LED

BY

DAIM

LER-

BENZ

AER

OSPA

CELI

QUID

HYD

ROGE

N FU

ELED

AIR

BUS

310 -

ULTI

MATE

OBJ

ECTI

VESM

ALL

DORN

IER

COMM

UTER

AIR

CRAF

T BY

2000

Page 10: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-10

GERM

AN H

YDRO

GEN

VEHI

CLES

GERM

AN H

YDRO

GEN

VEHI

CLES

BMW

DEV

ELOP

ING

LIQU

ID H

2CA

RS S

INCE

1979

–DU

AL-F

UELE

D CA

RS -

LH2

& GA

SOLI

NE

ADVA

NCES

IN L

H 2ST

ORAG

E &

FUEL

ING

SYST

EMS

–RE

DUCE

D FI

LL T

IME

FROM

60 M

IN. T

O 3 M

IN.

–EL

IMIN

ATED

REF

UELI

NG V

APOR

IZAT

ION

LOSS

ES

FIRS

T LH

2BU

S IN

REG

ULAR

SER

VICE

-AP

RIL

1996

STAT

E OF

BAV

ARIA

IS M

AJOR

DRI

VING

FOR

CE B

EHIN

D HY

DROG

EN T

RANS

PORT

ATIO

N.

Page 11: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-11

LIQU

ID H

YDRO

GEN

BUS

LIQU

ID H

YDRO

GEN

BUS

-- BAV

ARIA

BAVA

RIA

➨IN

REG

ULAR

TRA

NSIT

SER

VICE

SIN

CE A

PRIL

1996

➨IC

ENG

INE

-RUN

S ON

GAS

OLIN

E AN

D HY

DROG

EN➨

FUEL

CEL

L VE

RSIO

N UN

DER

DEVE

LOPM

ENT

Page 12: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-12

VEHI

CLE

PROJ

ECTS

IN JA

PAN

VEHI

CLE

PROJ

ECTS

IN JA

PAN

MUSA

SHI IN

STIT

UTE

OF T

ECHN

OLOG

Y -T

OKYO

PIO

NEER

ED

LH2

POW

ERED

VEH

ICLE

S SI

NCE1

970

–10

PRO

TOTY

PE V

EHIC

LES

–DE

VELO

PED

LH2 P

UMPS

AND

FUE

L DE

LIVE

RY

COMP

ONEN

TS

MAZD

A HY

DROG

EN C

ARS

BASE

D ON

ROT

ARY

ENGI

NE

TOYO

TA U

NVEI

LED

HYDR

OGEN

FUE

L CE

LL S

PORT

UTI

LITY

VE

HICL

E IN

1997

–W

ORKI

NG O

N ME

THAN

OL R

EFOR

MER

FOR

ONBO

ARD

H 2PR

ODUC

TION

.

Page 13: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-13

TOYO

TA F

UEL

CELL

CAR

TO

YOTA

FUE

L CE

LL C

AR --

1997

1997

Page 14: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

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-14

U.S.

HYD

ROGE

N PR

OGRA

MSU.

S. H

YDRO

GEN

PROG

RAMS

DOE

-HYD

ROGE

N EN

ERGY

R&D

SIN

CE E

ARLY

1970

s–

BASI

C RE

SEAR

CH T

HROU

GH 19

80s

–MA

JOR

GROW

TH S

INCE

1990

--DE

VELO

PMEN

T &

DEMO

NSTR

ATIO

N

1996

-HY

DROG

EN F

UTUR

ES A

CT–

AUTH

ORIZ

ED $

150 M

ILLI

ON P

ROGR

AM 19

97-2

001

ABOU

T $ 1

00 M

ILLI

ON IN

FUE

L CE

LL R

&D

HYDR

OGEN

PRO

GRAM

S SP

ONSO

RED

BY S

EVER

AL S

TATE

S–

NY C

A, N

Y, C

O, IL

PA

Page 15: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-15

HYTH

ANE

HYTH

ANE

RR-- U

LTRA

CLE

AN F

UEL

ULTR

A CL

EAN

FUEL 15

-20

VOL%

H2

BLE

ND

IN

NAT

UR

AL G

AS IC

EN

GIN

ES

RED

UC

ES C

O &

NO

X EM

ISSI

ON

S B

Y 50

%

CAN

BU

ILD

ON

GR

OW

ING

C

NG

USE

MAJ

OR

EM

ISSI

ON

S B

ENEF

IT F

OR

SM

ALL

INC

REM

ENTA

L C

OST

HYTH

ANE

FUEL

STA

TION

ERIE

, PA

Page 16: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-16

HYTH

ANE

BUS

DEMO

HY

THAN

E BU

S DE

MO --

MONT

REAL

MONT

REAL

TWO

40

PASS

ENG

ER B

USE

S -4

00 K

M R

ANG

E

1 YE

AR IN

NO

RM

AL T

RAN

SIT

SER

VIC

E

Page 17: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-17

HH 22FU

EL H

YBRI

D EL

ECTR

IC B

US

FUEL

HYB

RID

ELEC

TRIC

BUS

--AT

LANT

AAT

LANT

A

SMAL

L H

2IC

EN

GIN

E O

PER

ATES

AT

OPT

IMU

M

EFFI

CIE

NC

Y

DR

IVES

ELE

CTR

IC

GEN

ERAT

OR

TO

PO

WER

EL

ECTR

IC M

OTO

R

H2

STO

RED

AS

MET

AL

HYD

RID

E

Page 18: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-18

U.S.

FUE

L CE

LL V

EHIC

LE D

EVEL

OPME

NTS

U.S.

FUE

L CE

LL V

EHIC

LE D

EVEL

OPME

NTS

MAIN

FOC

US O

F U.

S. V

EHIC

LE P

ROGR

AM

FORD

, CHR

YSLE

R, A

ND G

ENER

AL M

OTOR

S -D

EVEL

OPIN

G FU

EL C

ELL

PASS

ENGE

R CA

RS

TWO

OPTI

ONS

FOR

HYDR

OGEN

FUE

L➤

HYDR

OGEN

ON-

BOAR

D ST

ORAG

E ➤

ON-B

OARD

REF

ORMI

NG O

F HY

DROC

ARBO

NS

Page 19: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-19

BALL

ARD

FUEL

CEL

L BU

SES

BALL

ARD

FUEL

CEL

L BU

SES

DEMO

NSTR

ATIO

N PR

OJEC

TS

➙ST

ARTI

NG S

UMME

R 19

97➙

CHIC

AGO

& VA

NCOU

VER

Page 20: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

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-20

HYDR

OGEN

FUE

L SU

PPLY

HY

DROG

EN F

UEL

SUPP

LY

CURR

ENT

INDU

STRI

AL H

2IN

FRAS

TRUC

TURE

COU

LD B

E AD

APTE

D TO

SUP

PLY

FUEL

MAR

KETS

.–

PROD

UCTI

ON IS

1% O

F W

ORLD

ENE

RGY

DEMA

ND

WEL

L DE

VELO

PED

DIST

RIBU

TION

SYS

TEM

OF H

YDRO

GEN

FROM

CEN

TRAL

PLA

NTS

TO E

ND U

SERS

HYDR

OGEN

PRO

DUCE

RS W

ORKI

NG W

ITH

VEHI

CLE

DEVE

LOPE

RS T

O BU

ILD

REFU

ELIN

G SY

STEM

S

STAN

DARD

S FO

R FU

ELIN

G ST

ATIO

NS A

ND S

TORA

GE B

EING

DE

VELO

PED.

Page 21: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

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-21

HYDR

OGEN

FUE

LING

INFR

ASTR

UCTU

REHY

DROG

EN F

UELI

NG IN

FRAS

TRUC

TURE

LARG

E SC

ALE

REMO

TE L

H 2PR

ODUC

TION

AND

DEL

IVER

Y TO

ST

ATIO

NS 50

0 MIL

ES A

WAY

.

LARG

E SC

ALE

GH2

AND

PIPE

LINE

SUP

PLY

TO S

TATI

ONS

WIT

HIN

30 M

ILE

RADI

US.

ON-S

ITE

PROD

UCTI

ON O

F GH

2IN

SMA

LL P

LANT

S AT

FUE

L ST

ATIO

N.

Page 22: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

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-22

LIQU

ID H

YDRO

GEN

PROD

UCTI

ON A

T LI

QUID

HYD

ROGE

N PR

ODUC

TION

AT

REMO

TE P

LANT

SRE

MOTE

PLA

NTS

NA

TUR

AL

GA

SN

ATU

RA

L G

AS

ELEC

TRIC

EL

ECTR

IC

POW

ERPO

WER

FUEL

ING

FUEL

ING

STAT

ION

STAT

ION

3030-- 3

00 T

ON

S/D

AY

300

TON

S/D

AY

LIQ

UID

LIQ

UID

HYD

RO

GEN

HYD

RO

GEN

PLA

NT

PLA

NT

FUEL

ING

FUEL

ING

STAT

ION

STAT

ION

FUEL

ING

FUEL

ING

STAT

ION

STAT

ION

FUEL

ING

FUEL

ING

STAT

ION

STAT

ION

FUEL

ING

FUEL

ING

STAT

ION

STAT

ION

FUEL

ING

FUEL

ING

STAT

ION

STAT

ION

FUEL

ING

FUEL

ING

STAT

ION

STAT

ION

500

CA

RS/

DA

Y50

0 C

AR

S/D

AY

LHLH2 2

TAN

KER

TAN

KER

Page 23: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

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-23

HYDR

OGEN

FUE

LING

STA

TION

HYDR

OGEN

FUE

LING

STA

TION

LHLH2 2

TAN

KER

TAN

KER

LHLH2 2

TAN

KTA

NK LHLH

2

2 P

UM

PPU

MP

VAPO

RIZ

ERVA

POR

IZER

GH

GH

2 2 50

00 P

SI50

00 P

SI

4 FU

ELIN

G

4 FU

ELIN

G

BA

YSB

AYS

Page 24: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

ACS

-24

INFR

ASTR

UCTU

RE S

TUDY

IN

FRAS

TRUC

TURE

STU

DY --

RESU

LTS

RESU

LTS

HYDR

OGEN

PRI

CE @

$1-2

PER

LB.

IS 2-

3X G

ASOL

INE

COST

.

FUEL

CEL

L CA

R HA

S 2-

3X B

ETTE

R FU

EL E

CONO

MY T

HAN

GASO

LINE

ICE

CAR.

HYDR

OGEN

EQU

IVAL

ENT

IN C

OST

TO G

ASOL

INE

PER

MILE

ENVI

RONM

ENTA

L BE

NEFI

T PR

OVID

ES E

XTRA

INCE

NTIV

E TO

MA

KE C

HANG

E

Page 25: EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN … · acs - 25 infrastructure evolution infrastructure will be built up in steps with growing public adoption of hydrogen vehicles z initially

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-25

INFR

ASTR

UCTU

RE E

VOLU

TION

INFR

ASTR

UCTU

RE E

VOLU

TION

INFR

ASTR

UCTU

RE W

ILL

BE B

UILT

UP

IN S

TEPS

WIT

H IN

FRAS

TRUC

TURE

WIL

L BE

BUI

LT U

P IN

STE

PS W

ITH

GROW

ING

PUBL

IC A

DOPT

ION

OF H

YDRO

GEN

VEHI

CLES

GROW

ING

PUBL

IC A

DOPT

ION

OF H

YDRO

GEN

VEHI

CLES

INIT

IALL

Y VI

A ME

RCHA

NT D

ISTR

IBUT

ION

SYST

EM

–TU

BE T

RAIL

ERS

UP T

O 20

CAR

S/DA

Y –

LIQU

ID T

ANKE

RS U

P TO

500 C

ARS/

DAY

NEXT

SMA

LL O

N-SI

TE R

EFOR

MERS

BAC

KED

UP V

IA L

H 2. T

O SU

PPOR

T SE

VERA

L TH

OUSA

ND C

ARS.

AS M

ARKE

T GR

OWS

TO 10

-10

0 THO

USAN

D CA

RS -

SUPP

LIED

BY

LARG

E RE

GION

AL R

EFOR

MER

VIA

PIPE

LINE

.

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-26

INFR

ASTR

UCTU

RE E

VOLU

TION

IN

FRAS

TRUC

TURE

EVO

LUTI

ON (C

ontin

ued)

(Con

tinue

d)

WHE

RE M

ERCH

ANT

H 2IS

NOT

REA

DILY

AVA

ILAB

LE S

MALL

ON

-SIT

E PL

ANTS

WOU

LD B

E BU

ILT.

DEVE

LOPM

ENTS

IN S

MALL

REF

ORME

RS M

AY R

ESUL

T IN

LO

WER

ING

THE

ECON

OMIC

SIZ

E FO

R ON

-SIT

E PL

ANTS

.

AFTE

R HY

DROG

EN F

UEL

INFR

ASTR

UCTU

RE IS

ES

TABL

ISHE

D, C

HANG

E FR

OM F

OSSI

L EN

ERGY

TO

RENE

WAB

LE E

NERG

Y SO

URCE

S CA

N OC

CUR.