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SAMPLE WORKBOOK

Unit 2

Florida

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1 Florida Test Prep Workbook

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Benchmark Test: Unit 2For questions 1 and 2, refer to the following illustration of ocean zones.

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1. Phytoplankton and other organisms that perform photosynthesis live in ocean waters near the surface, but not in the deepest ocean waters. Which statement about surface water is most useful for explaining this observation?

A Only surface water is warm enough for photosynthesis.

B Only surface water receives enough sunlight for photosynthesis.

C Only surface water has sufficiently low salinity for photosynthesis.

D Only surface water has the dissolved carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis.

2. Waters in the coastal ocean tend to be more productive than waters of similar depth in the open ocean. What is the main reason for the productivity difference?

A more sunlight

B warmer temperatures

C nutrient-rich runoff from the land

D higher levels of dissolved carbon dioxide

NGBIO19_ANC_FL_TP_BT_U02.indd Page 1 29/06/17 11:54 PM f-0223 /149/PE02719_Comp/NEXT_GENERATION_BIOLOGY_2019/NA_FL_TN/SE/NEXT_GENERATION_BIOLOG ...



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Welcome to the Miller & Levine Biology Florida Test Prep Workbook. This workbook will prepare Florida students for success on the Next Generation Sunshine State Standards Biology 1 End-of-Course Assessment.

This helpful student resource:

• Aligns to the benchmarks in Florida’s Next Generation Sunshine State Standards.

• Allows students to interact with additional Next Generation Sunshine State Standards end of course practice questions and sharpen their test-taking skills.

• Reinforces prior knowledge and identifies areas for more study as students test their knowledge and complete practice tests.

Florida Test Prep Workbook

1

uschust

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end-of-course



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3. Global climate has changed many times throughout Earth’s long history. What kinds of changes to ecosystems have been caused by the changing climate?

A minimal, temporary changes to ecosystems, but not permanent changes

B seasonal changes to ecosystems, but not changes from year to year

C slow, gradual changes to ecosystems, but not sudden changes

D a wide variety of gradual and sudden changes to ecosystems

4. Which is the most likely cause of a mass extinction?

A an outbreak of a disease

B global climate change that occurs rapidly

C global climate change that occurs gradually

D a natural disaster, such as an earthquake or volcanic eruption

5. Scientists have been measuring increasing levels of greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere. How do the increasing levels affect ecosystems?

A Ecosystems are warming in tropical regions, and staying about the same elsewhere.

B Ecosystems are warming in the interiors of continents, and cooling along coastlines.

C Ecosystems are warming in polar regions, and staying about the same elsewhere.

D Ecosystems are warming in all locations on land and in water.




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6. The graph shows the average yearly temperature and precipitation for Chennai, India, which is located in a tropical dry forest.

J230 0

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Chennai, India

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Avg. TemperatureAvg. Precipitation

Which is the most accurate description of an ecosystem near Chennai?

A a stable ecosystem that remains about the same throughout the year

B an ecosystem that changes from year to year due to increasing precipitation

C an ecosystem that changes throughout the year due to variations in temperature

D an ecosystem that changes throughout the year due to variations in precipitation


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7. The graph shows the average yearly temperature and precipitation for Yuma, Arizona, which is located in the desert biome.

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Based on the graph, what is the most likely cause of seasonal variations in ecosys-tem near Yuma?

A a gradual increase in rainfall throughout the year

B variations in average rainfall between 0 and 100 mm

C variations in average temperature between 10°C and 30°C

D sudden storms that bring high rainfall for brief periods

8. Plants that thrive in estuaries include mangroves and many grasses. Compared to plants that grow on dry land, or in rivers and lakes, the estuary plants have a higher tolerance for which of these conditions?

A rocky soil

B cold water

C salty water

D nutrient-poor soil




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9. Human activities are releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. What is one effect of these increasing carbon dioxide levels?

A Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes a reduction in the effect of climate change.

B Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes a decrease in average global temperature.

C Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes an increase in the greenhouse effect.

D Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes an increase in the amount of organic matter converted to fossil fuels.


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For questions 10, 11, and 12, refer to the following passage and illustration.

Carla is studying the relationships among the organisms in a Florida nature preserve. Carla has made a drawing showing how the organisms in the nature preserve interact. To represent land plants, she has drawn a tuft of grass in her diagram. To represent water plants, she has drawn a type of algae. The organisms are not drawn to scale.

10. Which of these is a relationship shown in Carla’s food web?

A Algae consume small fish.

B Alligators consume muskrats.

C Bobcats consume raccoons.

D Catfish consume shrimp.

11. Like many food webs, Carla’s food web does not show decomposers. Which would be the most accurate way to include decomposers in the food web?

A Add arrows from decomposers to the algae and grass.

B Add arrows from the algae and grass to decomposers.

C Add arrows from the bobcat and alligator to decomposers.

D Add arrows from each of the organisms in the food web to decomposers.

Algae

Shrimp

Muskrat Raccoon Bobcat

Catfish

Killifish

Saltmeadow Grass

Alligator

Pelican




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12. Recently, a plant disease was accidentally introduced into the area via a shipment of garden flowers from Southeast Asia. This disease is killing many different kinds of land plants. Based on Carla’s diagram, what can you predict will happen to the ecosystem in the nature preserve as a result of the plant disease?

A The muskrat population will decrease, which in turn will cause the raccoon and bobcat populations to decrease.

B The population of catfish will decrease, because the population of shrimp will decrease.

C Raccoons will switch to eating fish when the plant foods they prefer become scarce.

D The alligator population will be unaffected, because alligators do not eat plants.

13. Water cycles among the biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere. The illustration shows the main processes involved in the water cycle.

Which of the following describes a process that is part of the water cycle?

A Surface water seeps into the clouds.

B Groundwater is taken up by plant roots.

C Water from clouds evaporates into the ocean.

D Water enters the biosphere through transpiration.


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14. How does the phosphorus cycle differ from the biogeochemical cycles of other elements, including the carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen?

A Phosphorus cycles through the biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere, but not the atmosphere.

B Phosphorus cycles forms chemical compounds with many other elements.

C Phosphorus cycles through nonliving systems, but not the biosphere.

D Phosphorus is most common as a gas in the atmosphere.

15. Which statement describes the role of all the consumers in a food web?

A Consumers make their own food using the process of photosynthesis.

B Consumers obtain food by eating plants and algae, but not animals.

C Consumers take in food that is made by other organisms.

D Consumers obtain food by eating other consumers.

16. A population of 50 goats is stranded on a large island. Which statement accurately relates birthrate, death rate, and changes to the size of the goat population?

A When birthrate is less than death rate, the population size will increase.

B When death rate is greater than birthrate, the population size will decrease.

C When death rate is less than birthrate, the population size will stay about the same.

D When birthrate and death rate are about the same, the population size will greatly increase.

17. Rabbits eat grasses and other plants. Suppose that a population of rabbits in a meadow increases over a period of time. Of the following events, which is most likely to be the cause of this increase?

A decreased biomass of meadow grasses

B increased population of plant-eating insects

C emigration of rabbit predators from the meadow

D immigration of rabbit competitors from the surrounding area




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18. The graph represents the growth of a population of bacteria over time.

Exponential Growth

Num

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of

Org

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Time

The population is most likely growing under which set of conditions?

A high competition for limited resources

B unlimited resources and no competition

C the introduction of a bacteria-killing drug

D the introduction of a food source that bacteria cannot use


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19. The graph shows the S-shape curve that represents the logistic growth.

What happens when the population reaches carrying capacity?

A The growth rate decreases because births increase.

B The growth rate increases because deaths increase.

C The size of the population continues to grow exponentially.

D The size of the population remains at or near its maximum.




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20. The graphs show the patterns of population change for Niger, the United States, and Japan.

Three Patterns of Population Change

8%20%

Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects

0% 20% 8% 0% 8% 8% 0%

85–8990–9495–99100+

75–7980–84

60–64

50–5455–59

5–90–4

10–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–49

65–6970–74

Ag

e

RapidGrowthNiger

Slow GrowthUnited States

NegativeGrowthJapan

FemaleMale

Which feature of the graph indicates the United States has slow population growth?

A the symmetry across the vertical line

B the total percent of the population younger than 75

C the variations in the sizes of the bars for ages 75 and older

D the similarity in the sizes of the bars for ages 59 and younger


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21. The graph shows the rabbit population in South Australia over time. It also shows the measures that were used to control the size of the population.

Year

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2007

1935

1943

1951

1967

1959

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1991

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Rabbit fleas

Myxomatosis

RHD

Myxomatosis is a disease of rabbits that is caused by a virus. Which of the follow-ing best describes myxomatosis and its effect on the rabbit population?

A Myxomatosis is a density-independent limiting factor that had a drastic but temporary effect on the rabbit population.

B Myxomatosis is a density-independent limiting factor that drastically and permanently reduced the rabbit population.

C Myxomatosis is a density-dependent limiting factor that had a temporary, minimal effect on the rabbit population.

D Myxomatosis is a density-dependent limiting factor that drastically and permanently reduced the rabbit population.




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For questions 22 and 23, refer to the following sentence and graph.

The graph shows the birth rate and death rate in China from 1950–2010.

Bir

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000)

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40

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01950

One-child policy

1975 2010

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Birth RateDeath Rate

Source: Our World in Data

22. Which of the following best describes the changes to China’s population for the years 1975 to 2010? Assume that immigration and emigration had a minimal effect on China’s population.

A The population was decreasing due to a decreasing birth rate.

B The population was decreasing due to a change in government policy.

C The population remained the same due to a mostly constant death rate.

D The population was increasing due to a greater birth rate than death rate.

23. As shown by the graph, both the birth rate and death rate changed significantly around 1960. Which of these events was most likely the main cause of these changes?

A a change in government policy that allowed emigration from the country

B a change in government policy that increased the food supply

C a severe drought that greatly reduced the food supply

D enacting of the one-child policy


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24. Which of the following is an example of how a density-independent limiting fac-tor could affect a population?

A A population of algae stops increasing when it covers the surface of a pond.

B A hurricane blows down most of the palm trees on an island.

C Invasive weeds spread rapidly across a meadow.

D Wolves prey on a population of deer in a forest.

25. Which of these events that involve carrying capacity will cause a species to become extinct?

A Limiting factors change significantly enough to drastically increase the carrying capacity.

B Populations of the species increase beyond the carrying capacity of their environments.

C Limiting factors change significantly enough to reduce carrying capacity to near zero.

D All of the species in an ecosystem reach carrying capacities at the same time.




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For questions 26 and 27, refer to the following passage and illustration.

The last ice age ended about 10,000 years ago, and the glaciers retreated, leaving behind bare gravel, rocks, and sand. Huge chunks of ice were also left where the gla-ciers had been for many thousands of years. These chunks of ice melted, creating small lakes and ponds.

26. What are the first organisms that are most likely to have begun growing on the bare rock?

A small shrubs such as dwarf willow

B tall trees such as aspen and pine

C pioneer species such as lichen

D wildflowers such as fireweed


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27. Which statement best describes one of the changes that the area experienced after the ice age ended?

A Glaciers expanded gradually, covering and crushing the forest.

B As sediments and dead vegetation slowly filled up the pond, the types of plants in the community changed.

C Although terrestrial communities changed due to succession, aquatic communities remained stable over time.

D Submerged water plants slowly replaced plants such as water irises, cattails, and arrowhead, which grow in shallow water or mud.




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For questions 28 and 29, refer to the following passage and illustration.

Each year after harvest, a farm is cleared to prepare for the next year’s crop. One year, the farm is abandoned, and new crops are not planted. The illustration shows what hap-pened to the farm after it was abandoned.

ClearedSoil

Grasses Shrubs SoftwoodTrees

HardwoodTrees

Time

Changes to a Plot of Land

28. Which of the following statements best describes the succession that occurred on the farmland?

A Secondary succession began when lichens grew on bare rock.

B Secondary succession occurred because the land contained soil suitable for plant growth.

C Primary succession occurred because there were no plants growing in the abandoned farmland.

D Primary succession occurred that resulted in shrubs, and then secondary succession occurred that resulted in tall trees.


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29. Suppose the climate was cooler and wetter when the farm was built than it was when abandoned. Which is the most likely way this would affect succession on the abandoned field?

A Instead of a temperate forest, the climax community would be a grassland or shrubland better suited for hotter, drier conditions.

B The pine forest community would appear after the oak forest community, because the warm conditions would make the oak trees grow faster.

C The climate change would not affect succession, because the growing trees would shade and protect the ground, making conditions cooler and wetter.

D Succession would occur in reverse order, because the trees would die off in hotter, drier conditions, and only the short plants would remain.

30. After a forest fire, the forest gradually returns through the process of ecological succession. Which of these events is most likely to occur during this process?

A The first plants to begin growing in the burnt soil are the most likely to become the adult trees of the climax community.

B As young plants grow taller, they shade the shorter plants beneath them, causing the shorter plants to die off.

C The community of plants changes over time, while the community of animals remains about the same.

D As succession occurs, the community gradually becomes less diverse and less complex.

31. A variety of potato species grows in the wild in South America. Which would be the most likely consequence if these wild potato species were lost?

A the loss of useful genes that could be transferred to the potatoes raised for food today

B the loss of species that might be more useful farm crops than the potatoes raised today

C the loss of species that provide food for wildlife, thus disrupting food chains and food webs

D the loss of plants that are used to provide seeds for farm crops, thus reducing the potato crop




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32. Resilience is defined as a system’s ability to recover after a disturbance. Which example describes a consequence to the resilience of a population if some of the population’s biodiversity is lost?

A When a hurricane flattens a forest, the forest returns in gradual stages over many years.

B When the climate becomes warmer, almost all members of an animal population die off.

C When the soil becomes saltier, the community is gradually replaced with organisms that can tolerate a saltier environment.

D When a new predator arrives, a prey population is forced to develop behaviors to protect themselves.

33. To support an argument for the importance of preserving biodiversity, a scientist cites a flowering plant called the Madagascar periwinkle. Which of the follow-ing statements about the plant provides the strongest evidence in support of the argument?

A Madagascar periwinkle flowers can be pollinated by long-tongued insects.

B The Madagascar periwinkle is a source of two chemicals used to fight several different types of cancer.

C The Madagascar periwinkle can withstand a variety of climates and disturbances, which help it thrive in many environments.

D The Madagascar periwinkle is a popular garden plant around the world, and has been cultivated to produce flowers in shades of white, pink, and purple.


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34. Which of these ecosystems is likely to be the most resilient?

A a recently-cleared field on a farm, because lots of sunlight can reach the soil

B a field of high-yield wheat, because all the plants are genetically identical

C a small island in the tundra, because the food web is relatively simple

D a tropical rain forest, because it has a high degree of biodiversity

35. A hotel developer plans to level the sand dunes on a barrier island to build a luxury resort. Which ecosystem service will be damaged the most by the new development?

A preventing erosion

B purifying water

C regulating pests

D storing carbon


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