For Official Use TAD/CA/T(2014)8 Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 05-Feb-2014 ___________________________________________________________________________________________

English - Or. English TRADE AND AGRICULTURE DIRECTORATE COMMITTEE FOR AGRICULTURE

OECD Standard Codes for the Official Testing of Agriculture and Forestry Tractors

SUB-WORKING GROUP (SWG) ON FOLDABLE ROPS

OECD Headquarters 2 rue André Pascal, 75016 Paris - France

This document was prepared jointly by France and Italy-Bologna. The issue was discussed at the Technical Working Group Meeting in Hannover, Germany on 13-14 November 2013. Delegates agreed to recommend the document to the Annual Meeting. It is circulated to Delegations, National Designated Authorities and Observers for discussion and adoption at the 2014 Annual Meeting, under item 16 of the Draft Agenda [TAD/CA/T/A(2014)1].

Contact: Jose.Brambila@oecd.org

JT03351954

Complete document available on OLIS in its original format This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.

TAD

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SUB-WORKING GROUP (SWG) ON FOLDABLE ROPS

This is a revised version of the document presented at the Technical Working Groups in May and November 2013. It includes the comments and suggestions provided by delegates at the technical meetings. The first part provides the background and rational for an optional Foldable ROPS test and the Annex provides an overview of the amendments needed in order to include an optional Foldable-ROPS test in Code 6.

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Requirements for front Foldable ROPS not fully assisted.

Field of application:

• front foldable roll-bars design to be fitted on tractors in the field of application of code 6,

• raised and/or lowered manually by a standing operator (with or without partial assistance),

• locked manually or automatically.

Requirements:

A foldable ROPS must, in its upright locked position, meet the ROPS performance requirements appropriate to the tractor to which it is fitted.

If the device employed to lock the ROPS in its upright position doesn't need manual intervention from the operator (automatic locking system):

• the ROPS test shall be carried out after the durability test (see special requirements),

• it shall be engineered to indicate its correct operation to the operator.

Grasping area:

The area in which the roll-bar is designed to be manually handled by the operator shall be clearly and indelibly identified (see figure n° 1).

This area could be:

• on both sides of the tractor or only on one side,

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• the structural part of the roll-bar or additional handles.

Figure n° 1 : Grasping area

In this grasping area:

• the manual handling to raise or lower the roll-bar shall not create shearing, pinching or uncontrollable movement hazards to the operator (see special requirements),

• the manual handling shall be done by a standing operator by one or more successive grasps of accessible parts of the roll-bar,

• the roll-bar must have no sharp edges, no sharp angles and no rough surfaces likely to cause injury.

Rationale:

As it is quite impossible to avoid any shearing and pinching hazards during manual handling of a foldable roll-bar we propose to limit this requirement to a limited area provided that in this "grasping area" it is possible to fold and/or lower the roll-bar.

Accessible zones:

Rationale:

In order to verify if a standing operator is able to raise or lower the roll-bar, accessible zones and forces he can apply shall be defined taking into account human body data.

Using anthropometric data coming from standards, following the approach of ISO 6682 that defines zones of comfort and zone of reach, thanks to research that have been carried at the Bologna testing station and thanks to a contribution coming from CNH ergonomics department we propose to defined 3 zones.

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These three zones are based roughly on anthropometric data of a small man and medium sized women.

In order to facilitate the tests, these zones have been simplified using a square shape and defined with respect to the ground for the elevation and with respect to vertical planes of obstacles that limit the position or displacement of the operator.

Accessible zones are the zones that a standing operator could reach while applying an amount of force in order to manually handles the roll-bar (see figures n° 2 and 3).

The dimensions of these zones are defined with respect to:

- horizontal plane of the ground,

- vertical planes passing through the outer part of obstacles that limit the position or the displacement of the operator.

Note: These three zones are based roughly on anthropometric data of a small man and medium sized women.

Figure n° 2 :Side view of accessible zones

All dimensions in mm

Figure n° 3 :Top view of accessible zones

All dimensions in mm

Zone I: confort zone

Zone II : accessible zone without forward leaning of the body

Zone III: accessible zone with forward leaning of the body

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The position and the movement of the operator are limited by obstacles that are parts of the tractor.

Obstacles are defined by vertical planes passing through their outer parts.

If the operator needs to move his feet during the manual handling of the roll-bar it must be done so by a displacement either without any obstacle to overcome within a plane parallel to the roll-bar trajectory or with no more than one obstacle to be overcome.

Displacement without any obstacle to overcome:

In this case the accessible area shall be considered as the envelope of the different accessible zones (see figure n° 4).

Figure n° 4 : envelope of accessible zones

Dimension in mm

Displacement with no more than one obstacle to be overcome:

The overall displacement shall be considered as a combination of straight lines parallel and perpendicular to roll-bar trajectory. A perpendicular displacement is accepted provided that the operator comes closer to the roll-bar. The accessible area shall be considered as the envelope of the different accessible zones.

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Foldable ROPS acceptable actuation force:

Rationale: The maximum force that could be applied by a standing operator is a multi factor parameters very difficult to defined. We could find some figures in standards. The CNH ergonomics department has also provided us with some very relevant methods and figures on this matter.

This maximum force is also far (higher) from the force that is judged comfortable or acceptable by operators.

We need also to bear in mind that all the controls and tests will be carried out on new tractors specially prepared by manufacturers for this purpose.

The limits for the forces that will be set for the three zones previously defined will be adjusted following the analyze of results of tests that have been conducted by Bologna testing station on a panel of tractors and operators.

The force that is acceptable for the actuation of F_ROPS depends of the zone where the operator applies it (see table n° 1)

Zone I II III

Acceptable force (N) 100 75 50

Table n° 1: Acceptable forces

The manual handling to raise and lower the roll-bar shall not required excessive forces.

The force necessary to raise or lower the roll-bar shall be measured perpendicularly to the trajectory of the roll-bar in different points that are within the accessible part of the grasping area (see figure n° 6).

It is consider that a part of grasping area is accessible by a standing operator if this part is located within the accessible zones or the envelope of different accessible zones (see figure n° 5).

Accessible part of the grasping area shall be defined with regard to the geometric center of cross sections of the grasping area.

Each measurement of the force necessary to raise or lower the roll-bar shall be made in a direction tangent to the trajectory of the roll-bar and passing through the geometric center of cross sections of the grasping area.

Each measurement of the force necessary to raise or lower the roll-bar shall be made in static conditions: no initial movement of the roll-bar.

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Figure n° 5 : example of accessible part of a grasping area

Point n° 1: extremity of the accessible part of the grasping area when the roll-bar is fully lowered

Point n° 2: point 1 after rotation of the roll-bar up to the top of the accessible part of the grasping area

Point n° 3: top of the accessible part of the grasping area when the roll-bar is fully raised.

The maximum forces in these three points shall not exceed the acceptable force of the zone (I, II or III).

An increase of no more than 25% of these acceptable forces is allowed at point 1 and point 3

An increase of no more than 50% of these acceptable forces is allowed for lowering operation.

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Figure n° 6 : Points where the force requirement shall be controlled

If between point 1 and point 2 the trajectory of extremity of the accessible part of the grasping area crosses the limit between Zone I and Zone II a measurement shall be made at this intermediate point (see figure n° 7).

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Figure n° 7 : Intermediate point where the force requirement shall be controlled

In order to measure the force in the required points, it is possible either to measure directly the value or to measure the torque needed to raise or lower the roll-bar so as to calculate the force.

Test conditions:

The track width and the tires shall the same as those selected for the preliminary tests (Lateral stability and non-continuous rolling tests).

Special requirements for the locking systems:

1. Durability of automatic locking system

The roll-bar shall be moved with a cycle from the lower position to the erect locked position and back.

This could be done manually or with the use of external energy (hydraulic, pneumatic or electric actuators). In both cases the force shall be applied within a plane parallel to the trajectory of the roll-bar and passing though the grasping area and the angular speed of the roll-bar shall be roughly constant and no more than 20 deg/s.

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The force applied when the roll-bar is in the erect position shall not exceed by more than 50 % the force needed to lock it.

The unlocking of the roll-bar shall be done following the operator manual.

500 cycles shall be completed.

After the completion of the 500 cycles:

• the roll-bar shall be erected one more time following the same method,

• their shall be no maintenance or adjustment on the locking system,

• the ROPS test shall be carried out.

Note 1: The durability test could be applied to fully power assisted systems.

Note 2: The durability test could be carried out by the manufacturer. In such a case the manufacturer shall provide the test testing station with a certificate stating that the test has been done according the test procedure and that there were no maintenance or adjustment on the locking system after the completion of the 500 cycles.

2. Requirements for not automatic locking systems

The device employed to lock the ROPS in the upright position must be engineered:

- to indicate its correct operation to the vehicle driver, without the need to leave the driving seat,

- to be not easily separate from the ROPS itself: for example by the use captive pins (locking pins and retaining pins if any),

- to be operating by one standing operator and located situated in one of the accessible zones,

- to avoid any confusion in the locking operation, for example when using pins there shall not be possible to introduce the pin elsewhere than the proper location,

- to avoid unintentional removing or losing of parts of it.

If the devices employed to lock the ROPS in the upright position are pins they shall be inserted or removed freely. If to do so this there is a need to apply a force on the roll-bar all the requirements of point 3 apply (see acceptable actuation force).

For all other locking devices, they shall be engineering taking into account ergonomics for what concerns the shape and the force. And they shall not create pinching or shearing hazards.

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Special requirements for manual handling:

Pinching point means any dangerous point where parts move in relation to each other or to fixed parts in such a way as may cause persons or certain parts of their bodies to be pinched.

Shear point means any dangerous point where parts move along each other or along other parts in such a way as may cause persons or certain parts of their bodies to be pinched or shorn.

A pinching point is not considered dangerous for the operator hands part if in the grasping area the safety distances between the roll-bar and fixed part of the tractor are not less than 100 mm (see ISO 13854 paragraph 4.2 – Minimum gap for hand, wrist and fist).

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ANEXX 1

AMENDMENTS TO CODE 6 TO INCLUDE AN OPTIONAL FOLDABLE-ROPS TEST

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On the basis of the content of the draft document discussed at the TWG in Hannover, the following

updating of Code 6 will be carried out.

The approach is to introduce the new paragraph with an optional test for Foldable ROPS “3.8 Foldable ROPS performance (optional)”, completed with the new figures and tables considered in the paragraph.

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3.8 Foldable ROPS performance (optional)

3.8.1 Scope

This recommended procedure provides minimum performance and tests requirements for front mounted foldable ROPS

• raised and/or lowered manually by a standing operator (with or without partial assistance),

• locked manually or automatically.

3.8.2 Explanation of terms used in the performance testing:

3.8.2.1 hand-operated foldable ROPS is a front mounted dual pillar protective structure with hand raising/lowering directly managed by the operator (with or without partial assistance).

3.8.2.2 automatic foldable ROPS is a front mounted dual pillar protective structure with full assisted raising/lowering operations.

3.8.2.3 locking system is a device fitted to lock, by hand or automatically, the ROPS in the raised or lowered positions.

3.8.2.4 grasping area is defined by the manufacturer as a portion of the ROPS and/or additional handle fitted to the ROPS where the operator is allowed to carry out the raising/lowering operations.

3.8.2.5 accessible part of the grasping area is intended as the area where the ROPS is handled by the operator during the raising/lowering operations. This area shall be defined with regard to the geometric center of cross sections of the grasping area.

3.8.2.6 accessible zone is the volume where a standing operator can apply a force in order to raise/lower the ROPS.

3.8.2.6 pinching point is a dangerous point where parts move in relation to each other or to fixed parts in such a way as may cause persons or certain parts of their bodies to be pinched.

3.8.2.6 shear point is a dangerous point where parts move along each other or along other parts in such a way as may cause persons or certain parts of their bodies to be pinched or shorn.

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3.8.3 Hand-operated foldable ROPS

3.8.3.1 Prior conditions for the test

The manual handling shall be done by a standing operator with one or more grasps on grasping area of the roll-bar. This area has to be designed without sharp edges, sharp angles and rough surfaces likely to cause injury to the operator.

The grasping area shall be clearly and permanently identified (Figure 6.20).

This area could be on one or both sides of the tractor and could be a structural part of the roll-bar or additional handles. In this grasping area the manual handling to raise or lower the roll-bar shall not create shearing, pinching or uncontrollable movement hazards to the operator (Additional requirement).

Three accessible zones with different amount of allowed force are defined with respect to horizontal plane of the ground and the vertical planes tangent to the outer parts of the tractor that limit the position or the displacement of the operator (Figure 6.21).

Zone I: comfort zone Zone II : accessible zone without forward leaning of the body Zone III: accessible zone with forward leaning of the body The position and the movement of the operator are limited by obstacles. These are parts of the

tractor and are defined by vertical planes tangent to the external edges of the obstacle. If the operator needs to move the feet during the manual handling of the roll-bar a displacement is

allowed either within a parallel plane to the roll-bar trajectory or within just one more parallel plane to the previous one so as to overcome an obstacle. The overall displacement shall be considered as a combination of straits lines parallel and perpendicular to the roll-bar trajectory. A perpendicular displacement is accepted provided that the operator comes closer to the roll-bar. The accessible area shall be considered as the envelope of the different accessible zones (Figure 6.22).

The tractor must be fitted with tyres having the greatest diameter indicated by the manufacturer and the smallest cross-section for tyres of that diameter. The tyres must be inflated to the pressure recommended for field work.

The rear wheels must be set to the narrowest track width; the front wheels must be set as closely as possible to the same track width. If it is possible to have two front track settings which differ equally from the narrowest rear track setting, the wider of these two front track settings must be selected.

3.8.3.2 Test procedure

Aim of the test is to measure the force necessary to raise or lower the roll-bar. The test will be carried out in static condition: no initial movement of the roll-bar. Each measurement of the force necessary to raise or lower the roll-bar shall be made in a direction tangent to the trajectory of the roll-bar and passing through the geometric center of cross sections of the grasping area.

The grasping area is considered accessible when located within the accessible zones or the envelope of different accessible zones (Figure 6.23).

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The force necessary to raise and lower the roll-bar shall be measured in different points that are within the accessible part of the grasping area (Figure 6.24).

The first measure is carried out at the extremity of the accessible part of the grasping area when the roll-bar is fully lowered (Point A). The second is defined according to the position of Point A after rotation of the roll-bar up to the top of the accessible part of the grasping area (Point A').

If in the second measure the roll-bar is not fully raised, an additional point shall be measured at the extremity of the accessible part of the grasping area when the roll-bar is fully raised (Point B).

If between the first two measures the trajectory of the first point crosses the limit between Zone I and Zone II a measurement shall be made at this crossing point (Point A'').

In order to measure the force in the required points, it is possible either to measure directly the value or to measure the torque needed to raise or lower the roll-bar so as to calculate the force.

3.8.3.3 Condition of acceptance

3.8.3.3.1 Force requirement

The force acceptable for the actuation of the ROPS depends on the accessible zone as shown in Table 6.2.

Zone I II III

Acceptable force (N) 100 75 50

Table 6.2: Allowed forces

An increase of no more than 25% of these acceptable forces is allowed when the roll-bar is

fully lowered and fully raised.

An increase of no more than 50% of these acceptable forces is allowed in the lowering operation.

3.8.3.3.2 Additional requirement

The manual handling to raise or lower the roll-bar shall not create shearing, pinching or uncontrollable movement hazards to the operator

A pinching point is not considered dangerous for the operator hands part if in the grasping area the safety distances between the roll-bar and fixed parts of the tractor are no less than 100 mm for hand, wrist, fist and 25 mm for finger (ISO 13854:1996). The safety distances shall be checked with respect to the mode of handling foreseen by the manufacturer in the operator's manual.

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3.8.4. Hand locking system

The device fitted to lock the ROPS in the upright/lowered position must be designed:

- to be handled by one standing operator and located in one of the accessible zones; - to be hardly separated from the ROPS (for example captive pins as locking pins or retaining pins); - to avoid any confusion in the locking operation (the proper location of the pins shall be indicated); - to avoid unintentional removing or losing of parts. If the devices employed to lock the ROPS in the upright/lowered position are pins they shall be

inserted or removed freely. If to do it this there is a need to apply a force on the roll-bar this shall comply with the requirements of points A and B (see 3.8.3).

For all other locking devices, they shall be engineered according to an ergonomic approach for what concerns the shape and the force specially avoiding pinching or shearing hazards.

3.8.5. Durability of automatic locking system

An automatic locking system fitted on hand-operated foldable ROPS have to be submitted to a durability test before the ROPS strength test.

The roll-bar shall be moved from the lower position to the upright locked position and back. These operations correspond to one cycle. 500 cycles shall be completed.

This could be done manually or with the use of external energy (hydraulic, pneumatic or electric actuators). In both cases the force shall be applied within a plane parallel to the trajectory of the roll-bar and passing through the grasping area, the angular speed of the roll-bar shall be roughly constant and less than 20 deg/s.

After the 500 cycles, the force applied when the roll-bar is in the upright position shall not exceed by more than 50 % the allowed force (Table 6.2).

The unlocking of the roll-bar shall be done following the operator manual.

After the completion of the 500 cycles there shall be no maintenance or adjustment on the locking system,

Note 1: The durability test could be applied to automatic foldable ROPS systems as well. The test should be carried out before the ROPS strength test.

Note 2: The durability test could be carried out by the manufacturer. In such a case the manufacturer shall provide the test station with a certificate stating that the test has been done according the test procedure and that there were no maintenance or adjustment on the locking system after the completion of the 500 cycles. The test station will check the performance of the device with one cycle from the lower position to the upright locked position and back.

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Figure 6.20

Grasping area

Figure 6.21

Accessible zones

(Dimensions in mm)

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Figure 6.22

Envelope of the accessible zones (Dimensions in mm)

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Figure 6.23

Accessible part of the grasping area

Figure 6.24

Points where the force requirement shall be measured