TUDES et TRAVAUX XXIVINSTYTUT KULTUR RODZIEMNOMORSKICH I ORIENTALNYCHPOLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUKSTUDIA i PRACEXXIVWARSZAWA 2011

VARSOVIE2011XXIVINSTITUT DES MDITERRANENNES ET ORIENTALESDE L`ACADMIE POLONAISE DES SCIENCESTUDES et TRAVAUX

REDACTEUR DE LA SERIEMaciej G. WitkowskiREDACTEUR DU VOLUMEMaciej G. WitkowskiCOMITE DE LECTUREK. Cialowic:, E. Papuci-Wlaayka (IA UJ, Krakow),A. Laftar, A. Lukas:ewic:, I. Moar:ewska (IA UW, Wars:awa)AVIS IMPORTANT DE LA REDACTIONA la suite des changements structuraux de l`Acadmie Polonaise des Sciences, le Centre d`Archologie Mditerranenne tant devenu l`Institut des Cultures Mditerranennes et Orientales, les Etudes et Travaux serontdsormaislepriodiqueannuairearchologiqueoIfcieldususditInstitut,toutenretenantson caractre et numrotation continue.Copyright byINSTYTUT KULTUR RODZIEMNOMORSKICH I ORIENTALNYCHPOLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK & AUTHORSWarszawa, 2011ISBN 978-83-9223-19-43ISSN 0070-3566EditionWydawnictwo NERITONComposition du volume et couverture: Darius: GorskiImprim en PologneTirage 300 ex.Table ae matiresHANNA SZYMASKA (19442010) par KRZYSZTOF BABRAJ.............................................................7Bibliographie ae Hanna S:ymaska (etablie par KRZYSZTOF BABRAJ)MARIUSZ BURDAJEWICZGLASS FINDS IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT. A CASE STUDY OF HIPPOS(SUSSITA) ...............................................................................................................................21MALGORZATA DASZKIEWICZ, MARCIN BARANOWSKITHE POTENTIAL OF MACROSCOPIC IDENTIFICATION OF LABORATORY-DEFINEDPROVENANCE GROUPSTHE CASE OF SO-CALLED PERGAMENIANSIGILLATA FROM DELOS....................................................................................................41MALGORZATA DASZKIEWICZ, EWA BOBRYKPOTTERY FROM DELOSESTIMATION OF ORIGINAL FIRING TEMPERATURE............. 67MALGORZATA DASZKIEWICZ , GERWULF SCHNEIDERLABORATORY ANALYSIS OF SO-CALLED PERGAMENIAN SIGILLATA FROM DELOS, GREECE.................................................................................................................................77MARIUSZ DRZEWIECKITHE SOUTHERN BORDER OF THE KINGDOM OF MAKURIA IN THE NILE VALLEY...... 93JADWIGA IWASZCZUKTHE NAMES OF THE CONSTRUCTION PARTS IN THE TEMPLE OF HATSHEPSUTAT DEIR EL-BAHARI. THE QUESTION OF THE ERASURES OF THE FEMININEENDINGS...............................................................................................................................109HENRYK MEYZA, ANNETTE PEIGNARD-GIROSTHE SIGILLATA OF DELOS, GREECE. ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT.................................... 117KRZYSZTOF JERZY RADTKETHE ICONOGRAPHY OF THE PHARAOH`S FACE IN THE EIGHTEENTH DYNASTYRELIEF...................................................................................................................................149JOANNA THEN-OBLUSKAMOBILITY PATTERNS OF PASTORAL PEOPLES FROM THE EASTERNAND WESTERN DESERTS (EGYPT, SUDAN) BETWEEN THE SIXTHAND SECOND MILLENNIA B.C.: AN ETHNO-ARCHAEOLOGICALEXAMINATION OF BURIAL PRACTICES........................................................................175JERZY TRZCISKI, MAREK WROBEL, LESZEK KIESZCZYSKIMINERALOGICAL AND PETROGRAPHIC STUDY OF SIGILLATA-TYPE POTTERYFROM DELOS.......................................................................................................................191TABLE DE MATIRES 6FABIAN WELCDECORATED PTOLEMAIC FAIENCE BOWLS FROM ATHRIBIS(TELL ATRIB, NILE DELTA)...............................................................................................233FABIAN WELCTHE THIRD DYNASTY OPEN QUARRY WEST OF THE NETJERYKHETPYRAMID COMPLEX (SAQQARA)...................................................................................253The Names of the Construction Partsin the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-BahariQuestion of Erasures of the Feminine EnaingsJADWIGA IWASZCZUKINSTITUT DES CULTURES MEDITERRANEENNES ET ORIENTALESDE L`ACADEMIE POLONAISE DES SCIENCESTUDES et TRAVAUXXXIV2011JADWIGA IWASZCZUKThe name in the ancient Egyptian world was oI utmost importance. It defned the character ofaperson or a thing, being oftenareligiousorpolitical statement. Thepersonal name wasusuallyperceivedasaregularsentencewithalltherulesoIEgyptiangrammar.1 Royal names, because oI their high rank, were a special instance, but the manner oI reading appears to be the same.2 In this context it could be expected that the reading of the names oI temple parts will be treated in the same way, which, however, is not the case.The temple oI Hatshepsut occupies a special place in the research on naming buildings and their parts due to feminine endings used. These endings and their impact on the mean-ings remained neglected by most researchers.ThefrstpersonwhomadehisownsuggestiononunderstandingEgyptiannamesoI buildings parts Irom the temple oI Hatshepsut was E. Otto in his Topographie.3 He treated these names as sentences containing sDm.f forms.The studies on naming parts oI sacral buildings were commenced relatively late in the subjectliterature.Thenextscientistwhoproposedthetranslationofnamesoftemples, temple gates, etc. was Ch. Nims in his article about Thebes.4 He read only two names oI the gates Irom the temple oI Hatshepsut and in his translation he did not omit any part oI the name oI the gate leading to the Lower Chapel oI Anubis, but probably because oI bad state oI preservation, he was unable to read the complete name oI the gate to the Complex oI the Sun Cult. The translation oI K. Sethe indicates that he saw the names oI gates as relative clauses.5 It can also be noticed that the names of gates were read as sDm.t(w) pas-sive Iorm as well.6Thebookpublishedby T.GrothoIIwasdevotedtogatesnames.7 Theauthordistin-guishedfvetypesoIthesenames.8OnlytwooIthem(StrukturAandStrukturB)can be observed in connection with the parts oI buildings Irom Hatshepsut`s reign. The struc-ture oI both is similar, namely: Struktur A terminus technicus cartouche oI the king participialphrase;StrukturBterminustechnicuscartoucheoIthekinggod`s name+participialphrase.StrukturAconcernsthesituationwheretheparticipial *I am especially grateIul to dr Miroslaw Barwik and proI. Ewa Laskowska-Kuszta) Ior their helpIul advice and suggestions, as well as to Barbara Majchrzak Ior correcting my English. 1H. RANKE, Die gyptischen Personennamen. Band II. Einleitung. Form und Inhalt der Namen. Geschichte derNamen. Vergleiche mit anderen Namen. Nachtrge undZustze zuBandI.Umschreibungslisten, Glck-stadt-Hamburg-New York |1952|.2E.g. W. BARTA, Zur Konstruktion der gyptischen Knigsnamen, ZS 114, 1987, pp. 310, 105113; ID., Zur Konstruktion der gyptischen Knigsnamen, ZS 115, 1988, pp. 18; ID., Zur Konstruktion der gyptischen Knigsnamen, ZS 116, 1989, pp. 19, 111137.3E. OTTO, Topographie des Thebanischen Gaues, Berlin-Leipzig 1952, pp. 6364.4Ch.F. NIMS, Places about Thebes, JNES 14, 1955 | JNES 14|, pp. 110123.5SETHE, Urk. IV, p. 137.6ThenameoIthegateleadingintotheLower AnubisChapel:portede[MAat]-kA-[Ra],affermiessontles provisions dans la Maison d`Anubis` , aIter: M.G. WITKOWSKI, Certains aspects au culte aes aieux funeraires aux temps ae la Reine Hatchepsout a Deir el-Bahari I-III (unpublished PhD thesis, Warsaw University), Varsovie 1983, p. 84.7T. GROTHOFF, Die Tornamen der gyptischen Tempel, Aegyptiaca Monasteriensia I, Aachen 1996 | Tornamen|.8Called Strukturen A-E, cf. GROTHOFF, Tornamen, pp. 231236.1. Reconstructed original names oI the gates in the Temple oI Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari, Irom the reign oI Hatshepsut.No nameNo nameNo nameMissing partMissingNo nameNo nameJADWIGA IWASZCZUKphrase is an epithet Ior the king; as Ior the Struktur B, the participial phrase is linked to the gods name.9At present scholars seem to use reading systems based mainly on GrothoII`s patterns or, iI it is more convenient, they use regular grammar rules.10The material Irom the temple oI Hatshepsut, with particularly oIten represented names of the gates (Fig. 1), gives an opportunity to veriIy substantially the proper understanding oI this type oI names in an adequate way.ThequestionoItherelationshipbetweenthreefrstnounsappears.Itseemsthatthe so-called terminus technicus (frst noun) was not usually connected with the name oI the king/queen and the latter constituted a part oI the proper name. II the name did not contain the name oI the king/queen second noun, any genitival structure was visible aIter terminus technicus11. This is much more apprehensible in the case of names of the domains, where the proper name was written inside the sign Hwt, thereIore the genitival structure must be excluded. ThenamesoIthedoorsoIHatshepsut`ssacralbuildingsareuniqueastheycontain boththenameoIthekingandthegod.ThesetwodiIIerbytheirgrammaticalgender, which,consequently,givesabroadercontextandpossibilitytounderstandthegrammar structure of the name.The basic error made by scholars, resulting Irom the lack oI data, was giving the same importancetocompletelyandpartiallypreservednames.Frequently,byomittingsome parts oI these names, they lost the chance to understand the Iull idea oI the name. A typi-cal example Ior this overleaping was the name oI the granite gate leading Irom the Upper Courtyard to the Main Sanctuary oI Amun (Fig. 1), cited as Jmn Htp Hr mnw.s,12 which in Iull transcription runs as Iollows: sbA MAat-kA-Ra Jmn Htp.w Hr mnw.s. Such an ommi-sion has also Iurther consequences. Firstly, it is impossible to compare the complete names oIthegateswithpartiallypreserved(orpartiallyrecorded)onesIromotherbuilding. Secondly, it may disturb interpretation.It is possible to recognise three grammar structures which were used in the names of gates and other architectural structures, written on the doors and walls oI the temple oIHatshepsut:1.thenameofthegod+thenfrHrconstruction13:sbAaAJmnDsrmnwThegreat gate: Amun |is| holy oI monuments` (gate leading to the Upper Courtyard);2.stative(orimperIectiveactiveparticiple14):sbAMAat-kA-RaJmnHtp(.w)Hrmnw.s Gate: MAat-kA-Ra Amun |is| satisfed with her monument` (gate leading to the Bark Hall) 9GROTHOFF, Tornamen, Fig. 49 on p. 234.10E.g. E. ARNAUDIES-MONTELIMARD, L`arche en granit de Thoutmosis III et l`avant-porte du VIe pylne, Cah-Karn. XII, 2007 |CahKarnak XII|, pp. 147155; M. BOMMAS, Die Tornamen von Elephantine, GM 174, 2000, pp. 1516; L. GABOLDE, De la soi-disant arche en granit de Thoutmosis III a Karnak, GM 223, 2009, p. 45.11E.g. sbA Jmn Ssp(.w) mnw At-Sps(wt)-Xnmt-Jmn (gate leading to the Statuary Room).12GROTHOFF, Tornamen, p. 114.13CI.J.P. ALLEN,MiddleEgyptian. AnIntroductiontotheLanguageandCultureoIHieroglyphs,Cam-bridge 2000, p. 61 (6.5).14Due to the lack oI broader context it seems to be impossible to decide iI it is a stative or an imperIective active participle with the name oI the god in an honorifc transposition.THE NAMES OF THE CONSTRUCTION PARTS IN THE TEMPLE OF HATSHEPSUT AT DEIR EL-BAHARI...1130 50 cmand sbA Jmn Ssp(.w) mnw @At-Sps(wt)-Xnmt-JmnGate: Amun receives the monument of @At-Sps(wt)-Xnmt-Jmn` (gate leading to the Statuary Room);3. participial phrase: the rest oI the gates names Irom the temple oI Hatshepsut and two names of domains represented on the walls of this temple.MosterrorsappearedinthetranslationoIthegatesnameswhichcontainparticipial phrase, since these forms were often unnoticed.AnimportantsourceoIinIormationaboutthewayoIinterpretationoIthediscussed names is the name of the gate located in the eastern part of the northern wall of the Up-perCourtyard15andleadingtotheComplexoItheSunCult(Fig.2).16Itsfullname sbA Mn-xpr-Ra Dsr Axt Jmn (on the left jamb) / sbA MAat-kA-Ra Dsrt Axt Jmn (on the right jamb) was reduced by T. GrothoII to Jmn Dsr-Axt17 and he read it as Amun, der Heilig istimHorizont`.18ThisnamewasalsotranslatedbyCh.NimsasAmunisholyinthe horizon,19 and more recently by J. Karkowski as Men-[kheper{-Re / [Maat{-ka-[Re{ holy oI Amun`s Horizon`.20 It was disregarded by most scholars, except Ior J. Kar kow ski, that this name has two forms, one feminine and one masculine, depending on the jamb which it was placed on.21 The second form written on the right jamb with feminine .t at the end 15T. GrothoII erroneously marked it as a gate leading Irom the Vestibule to the Altar Court oI the Complex oI the Sun Cult, cf. ID., Tornamen, p. 113, Fig. 28.16J. KARKOWSKI, The Temple oI Hatshepsut. The Solar Complex, Deir el-Bahari VI, Varsovie 2003 |Solar Com-plex|, p. 133, pl. 18.17GROTHOFF, Tornamen,p.114;thesameabbreviationisquotedbyE. Arnaudies-Montlimard,namely: Les noms de deux autres portes de la reine sont composs sans son nom : Jmn Dsr mnw et Jmn Dsr Axt, cf. EAD., CahKarn XII, p. 151.18GROTHOFF, Tornamen, p. 115.19NIMS, JNES 14, p. 118, Inscription 33.20KARKOWSKI, Solar Complex, p. 133.21J. Karkowski noticed it but used it in translation only partially, cf. ID., ibia.2.NameoIthegateleadingtotheComplexoItheSolarCult,northern wall oI the Upper Courtyard, Temple oI Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari.JADWIGA IWASZCZUK(Dsrt) is obscure if it is translated as it used to be, with the participial phrase describing Amun. The feminine form is logical if it constitutes an epithet for the name of the queen, and not for Amun. In consequence, Amuns name must be regarded here as placed in an honorifc transposition. This example shows that a new reading pattern must be created: terminustechnicus:theking/queen(cartouchename)participialphrasethenameoI the god. Thus, the name oI the gate leading to the Complex oI the Sun Cult can be trans-lated as Gate: Mn-xpr-Ra / MAat-kA-Ra is holy oI the horizon oI Amun`.This observation concerns other names oI gates as well. In all cases, the names contain queen`s throne name and a participial phrase which is easily visible because oI the erasure oI the Ieminine ending made during the proscription oI Hatshepsut. The only masculine participialphrasewasusedinthecaseoIthenameoIthegateleadingtotheOIIering Chapel oI Tuthmosis I (Fig. 1). It should be pointed out, that the inscription was re-carved, and the previous one is illegible. T. GrothoII translated this name as Amun, der den Nord-wind gibt,22 which is an active Iorm oI participle. The beginning oI the name was omitted here, the Iull name is: sbA Mn-xpr-kA-Ra dj(w) mHjt Jmn. Knowing the complete name, it is possible to see it as the perIective passive participle and thus read: Gate: Mn-xpr-kA-Ra, given the north wind oI Amun`.This system oI reading can also be applied to the names oI other architectural construc-tionstwo names oI domains appear on the walls oI the temple oI Hatshepsut:First of them was depicted on the southern and northern walls of the passage leading totheStatuaryRoom.ThepersonifcationoIthedomainwasshownenteringtheroom with the name written on her head inside the sign Hwt (Fig. 3).23 The whole name of the domain can be read as: Hwt MAat-kA-Ra gmt Axt Jmn and translated: Domain: MAat-kA-Ra who fnds the horizon oI Amun`. The presence oI the original Ieminine ending makes it possible to veriIy earlier suggestions on the reading oI gates names. E. Naville translated it as The house oI the horizon oI Amon, oI Ramaka` suggesting that it was the name oI the Bark Hall.24 The Ieminine ending was not noticed or drawn in Naville`s publication.25 The name was also reIerred to by F. Pawlicki as sr-Axt (without translation),26 and by J. Karkowski as Amun-Who-fnds-the-Horizon`.27 The name oI the other domain was carved on the eastern wall oI the Court in the Com-plexoItheRoyalCult.28Again,thenamewritteninsidethesignHwt(inthiscasein Iortress-like shape) was placed on the head oI the representation oI the domain. The Iull name should be read Hwt aA-xpr-kA-Ra mry Jtm, and translated as Domain: Tuthmosis Ist beloved oI Atum`.22GROTHOFF, Tornamen, p. 115.23E.NAVILLE,TheTempleoIDeirel-Bahari.PartV.TheUpperCourtandSanctuary,EEF27,London1906 |Deir el-Bahari V|, pl. 139.24NAVILLE, Deir el-Bahari V, p. 10.25It has been quoted by T. GrothoII in this erroneous Iorm, cf. ID., Tornamen, p. 467, Dok. 9d).26F. PAWLICKI, Hatshepsut Temple Conservation and Preservation Project 1995/1996, PAM VIII, 1997, p. 64.27KARKOWSKI, Solar Complex, p. 81.28NAVILLE, Deir el-Bahari V, Pl. 128. Dr. O. Bialostocka is working now on this particular representation.THE NAMES OF THE CONSTRUCTION PARTS IN THE TEMPLE OF HATSHEPSUT AT DEIR EL-BAHARI...1153. Name oI a domain, north jamb oI the doorway oI the Statuary Room, Temple oI Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari(Phot. M. Jawornicki).ThenamesoIthegatesatthetempleoIHatshepsutreIertotheritualsandthetheo-logicalmessageoftheparticularpartsofthetemple.Itisworthtonotethatthenames displayed on both sides oI the temple axis remained in close ideological relation to each other. This is visible e.g. in the names oI the gates leading to the parts oI the Shrines oI Hathor and Anubis hidden in the rock, where the names reIerred to bringing Iood oIIerings (Fig. 1). It also seems that the names of the gates situated along one axis expressed con-tinuationofonetheologicalidea. Thenamesfromthemainaxisofthetemplearecon-nectedwiththeritualfunctionofthewholemonument,asallofthemdescribeits signifcanceinrelationto Amun(Fig.1),butthenamesoIthegatesplacedinHathor Shrine are strictly connected with Hathor cult (Fig. 1).Jadwiga IwaszczukInstytut Kultur rodziemnomorskichi Orientalnych PAN, Warszawajagaiwaszczukyahoo.com