Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences Effect ... · construction of the standard curve, tannic acid solution was used at concentration from 0.0 to 1.0 mg/ml. The results

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J. Rad. Res. Appl. Sci., Vol.3 , No.4(A) , pp.1157 -1173 (2010)

Effect of some physical treatments on antinutritional factors and fatty acids composition of Vicia faba L. seeds Amina, A. Aly* and Elfaramawy, A. A. The Authority of the Atomic Energy, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology. P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo- Egypt. E-mail: [email protected]) Received: 29/ 06 /2010. Accepted: 17/08/2010.

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of irradiation (γ-irradiation at dose levels of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 or 20.0 kGy, He-Ne and their combination) on nutritive characteristics of Vicia faba L. seeds (Giza 843). Analyses included levels of anti-nutrients (total phenolic compounds, tannins, phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor and vicine), chemical composition (sugars, crude proteins, fat, dry matter and ash) and fatty acids profile. All treatments caused significant (P<0.05) decreases in the antinutrational factors under investigation. The reduction in the content of tannins and phenolic compounds were more pronounced with He-Ne alone or He-Ne in combination with γ-irradiation. At dose levels 10.0 and 20.0 kGy without or with combination of He-Ne were more efficiency in the reduction of phytic acid content by 24.3, 32.8, 34.5 and 45.5 %, respectively. Also, for trypsin inhibitor activity, the maximum inhibition was observed with the treatment of 20 kGy + He-Ne (36.7 %). In addition, in case of He-Ne alone or in combination with γ-irradiation at different dose levels used, the decrease of vicine content was more pronounced. On the other hand, no major difference was observed for sugars between the treatments tested. There were slight significant changes were observed for crude fat and crude protein by the all treatments used, compared to control. While insignificant changes in dry matter and ash contents (P < 0.05) were observed by the all treatments used. Moreover, He-Ne alone or combined with γ-irradiation caused increases in the ratio of USFA/SFA but, γ-irradiation alone at all dose levels used, caused decreases. The results obtained in this study suggest that γ-irradiation with laser irradiation may be chosen as a future method that allows a reasonable improvement in the quality of broad bean seeds. Keywords: Antinutritional factors; Gamma-irradiation; Fatty acids; Laser

irradiation;, Vicia faba L.

Amina and Elfaramawy/ J. Rad. Res. Appl. Sci., Vol. 3, No.4A (2010) 1158

INTRODUCTION

Legumes are a cheap and valuable potential source of protein. They are consumed in large quantities in Middle East countries. Protein contents in legume seeds range from 17% to 40%, being also equal to the protein contents of meat (18–25%)(1). Similarly, other vegetables, fruits and legumes are excellent sources of many essential nutrients including vitamins, minerals, fiber, phytochemicals and antioxidants. Among these legumes Vicia faba L., which is consumed widely, especially for the preparation of inexpensive protein-rich food for children(2)

. Broad bean has been used as a drug; for stone kidney, liver malfunctioning, eye diseases and lower LDL-cholesterol levels(3, 4). Also, it decreases obesity, help to prevent blood coagulation which consequent of heart disease(5). However, Vicia faba L. contains several antinutritional factors which could limit their benefit(6). Among these compounds, tannins have been reported to inhibit digestive enzymes and thereby low digestibility of most protein and carbohydrates(7,8). Phytic acid can bind essential dietary minerals, making them unavailable or partially available for absorption(9,10). Moreover, it forms strong complexes with proteins, which may lead to reduce digestibility(11). In addition, broad bean contains trypsin inhibitors (TI), which inhibit the proteolytic activity of the digestive enzyme trypsin and could lead to reduce availability of amino acids and reduce growth(12). The glycosides vicine and convicine are the factors responsible for favism in young males suffering from deficiency of erythrocytic enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)(13,14). Several conventional food processing methods such as germination(15), soaking(16), cooking(17), fermentation(18) and γ-irradiation,(19) have been reduced the antinutritional factors effectively and upgrade the nutritional quality of legumes. Most of these treatments adversely affect the sensory characteristics of the final product. different processing methods for the reducing various antinutrients in Gamma irradiation treatments were found to be the most effective among the legumes. Laser irradiation is considered as a new branch in agriculture, in recent years, people are increasingly interested in the short-wavelength free electron laser. The He–Ne lasers (continuous wave) had a positive role in accelerating the plant growth and metabolism(20-22), and suitable doses of laser irradiation improved germination capacity of plant seeds(23). No information however is available on the proximate composition, fatty acid profiles or antinutritional factors in response to He–Ne laser. The aim of the present study is to compare between γ-irradiation or /and He-Ne laser on quality of the treated Vicia faba L. seeds regarding their antinutients and fatty acids profile.


MATERIALS AND METHODS

Irradiation treatments:

Uniform size seed samples of Vicia faba L., cv. Giza (843) were selected, packed in polypropylene bags and irradiated at different dose levels of γ-irradiation (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 kGy) at room temperature (25±1ºC). Irradiation was performed using Gamma cell 200 apparatus equipped with 6oCo γ source (dose rate, 6.5 kGy/h), at National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt. Packed seed samples without irradiation were served as control.

Laser treatments:

Seeds irradiated with different dose levels of γ-irradiation were exposed to laser He-Ne (wavelength 632.8 nm, power density 30.0 mW, beam diameter 1.0 mm model Griat, U.S.A) for 5 min. Laser applications have been carried out at the National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Laser Technology Centre, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt.

Antinutritional factors:

Total phenolic content

Total phenolic contents were determined according to the method of Singleton and Rossi(24) using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent.

Tannins content

Tannins were analyzed by the methodology described by Price, et al.(25). For the construction of the standard curve, tannic acid solution was used at concentration from 0.0 to 1.0 mg/ml. The results were expressed as mg of tannic acid equivalents per g of dry weight of the ground seeds.

phytic acid content

Phytic acid was assayed according to Vaintraub and Lapteva(26). Absorbance at 500 nm was measured using a Jasco V-530 spectrophotometer. The results were expressed as mg of phytic acid equivalents per g of dry weight of the ground seeds.

Trypsin inhibition activity

Trypsin inhibitor of the samples was analyzed by employing enzymatic assay of Kakade et al. (27). One unit of trypsin enzyme activity (TU) is defined as


the increase in the absorbance of 0.01 at 410 nm under assay conditions. One trypsin inhibitory unit (TIU) is defined as the amount of inhibitor, which reduces the enzyme activity by 1 U.

Vicine content

Total vicine was determined by an ultraviolet spectrophotometric method recommended by Collier (28).

Chemical composition Sugars, crude protein, crud fat, moisture, and ash contents: Seeds were

analyzed according to the methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists(29).

Fatty acids profile

Total and individual fatty acids (FA) concentrations in different samples were determined according to Bligh and Dyer(30) in methylated samples using HP 6890 Gas Chromatography Instrument equipped with innovwax-cross linked polyethylene glycol column 30 m, i.d. 0.32 ml meter and 0.5 µ meter film thickness. Oven temperature was programmed at 150°C for 1 min then elevated to 235°C with a rate of 17°C min raised to 245°C with a rate of 1°C and hold at 245°C for 5 min.

Statistical analysis

All analysis were performed in triplicate (n=3) and statistical analysis was done using SPSS (version 15) program. Mean and standard error were descriptive measures of quantitative data using the analysis of variance test (ANOVA) for independent samples. P-values <0.05 were considered significant.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Antinutritional Factors

Removal of undesirable components is essential to improve the nutritional quality of Vicia faba L. seeds, and effectively utilize their full potential as human food or animal feed. Results presented in Table (1) show the effect of γ-irradiation, He-Ne and their combinations on phenolic compounds, tannins, trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid and vicine content in Vicia faba L. seeds. Exposure Vicia faba L. seeds to gamma or/ and laser irradiation decreased the tested antinutritional factors either significantly or insignificantly (P<0.05)


compared to control. Increasing the irradiation dose was more effective in the reduction of the antinutrients content; this reduction was high in the combined samples of laser and γ-irradiation than control, γ-irradiation or laser irradiation alone.

Phenolic contents

Gamma-irradiation at dose levels of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 or 20.0 kGy, He-Ne and their combinations significantly decreased the total contents of phenolic compounds in Vicia faba L seeds, as compared with control. Combination treatments of γ-rays doses, i.e., 10 and 20 kGy with He-Ne lead to more decrements. Similar findings were observed in phenolic compounds of tomato, strawberries, medicinal plants and black tea(31,34), respectively with γ-irradiation doses up to 1-50 kGy. Moreover, Breitfellner et al.(32) explain this decrease which may be due to the degradation of cinnamic, p-coumaric, gallic, and hydroxybenzoic acids in strawberries. On the other hand, a significant increase in total phenolic compounds of velevet beans(35) and black rice(36) was observed, as affected by γ-irradiation up to 30 kGy. Further more, Koseki et al.(37) in artichoke and Lee et al. (38) in green tea stated that γ-irradiation doses (from 0.0 to 30 kGy) did not induce any significant changes in phenolic content in seeds, leaves or roots.

Tannin content

As shown in Table (1) γ-irradiation at dose levels; 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 kGy, He-Ne and their combination inversely declared correlation with applied irradiation treatments. The maximum decrease of tannins (59.9 %) was observed with the treatment of 20.0 kGy + He-Ne. Also, the reduction in the content of tannins was more pronounced with He-Ne alone or He-Ne in combination with γ-irradiation. The present study is in harmony with De Toledo et al.(39), Brigide and Canniatti-Brazaca(19), Mechi et al.(40) and Villavicencio et al.(41) for tannin content in soy bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Brazilian beans, respectively which affected by γ-irradiation treatments. Reducing tannin content is very favorable, once this antinutritional factor decreased the protein digestibility increased. When this antinutritional factor is found at the proportion of 5:1 tannin/protein, all proteins are precipitated due to the tannin action(42).


Phytic acid content

Effect of using different treatments on phytic acid content is shown in Table (1). All treatments significantly (P<0.05) affected the phytic acid content of the seeds. Gamma-irradiation at doses 10.0 and 20.0 kGy or their combinations with He-Ne were more effective in reducing phytic acid content by 24.3, 32.8, 34.5 and 45.5 %, respectively. The obtained results are agreed with those of Amro et al.(43) and Sattar et al.(44), they reported that γ-irradiation caused significant reduction in phytic acid level of maize, sorghum and soybean. This decrease may be due to chemical degradation of phytate to inositol phosphates and inositol by the action of free radicals produced by radiation(45). On the other hand Truchliñski et al.(46) found that, He-Ne irradiation did not affect the phytate contents in triticale seeds.

Trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA)

Trypsin inhibitor activity was significantly inhibited (P<0.05) when γ-irradiation at different levels were combined with laser. This inhibition reached to the minimum level when dose of 20 kGy + He-Ne (36.7 %) used. Similar trend of results were obtained by Al-Kaisey et al. and Siddhuraju et al.(47,48) they found that trypsin inhibitor activity was reduced in faba bean seeds by doses up to 10.0 kGy.). This reduction was attributed to the breakage of trypsin ihibitory structure with γ-irradiation treatments(49). In addition, the inhibition in trypsin inhibitor activity in legumes matched the breakage of disulphide bonds as affected by irradiation dose rose up(50,51).

Vicine content

In Vicia faba L. seeds, vicine was decreased by increasing γ-irradiation doses, it decreased by (3.0, 8.3, 13.8, and 27.7 % at dose levels of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20 kGy, respectively). But in case of He-Ne alone or in combination with γ-irradiation at different dose levels used, the decrease was more as shown in Table (1). Jaddou(52) cited that, the effect of γ-irradiation of total vicine is reduced by 92% when a dose of 10.0 kGy was used.


Table (1): Effect of gamma, laser irradiation and their combination on antinutritiona factors of Vicia faba L. seeds.

Treatments Phenolic

compounds mg/gm d.w

Tannins mg/gm

d.w

Phytic acid mg/gd.w

Trypsin inhibitor

IU/gm d.w

Vicine mg/ 100 g

d.w

Control

2.880a ± 0.035

2.287a

± 0.009

10.167 a ±0.109

102.2a ±0.971

0.837 a

±0.003

2.5 kGy

% of change

2.707 b

± 0.026 - 6.0

2.057 b ± 0.023

- 9.7

9.467 b ±0.179 -6.89

95.39b ±1.085 - 6.7

0.7463 b ±0.002 - 3.0

5.0 kGy % of change

2.493 c

± 0.075 - 13.5

1.440 c

± 0.023 - 36.8

8.417 cd ±0.170 -17.21

90.34c ±0.686 - 11.6

0.706 bc

±0. - 8.3

10.0 kGy % of change

2.250 e

± 0.012 - 21.9

1.057g ± 0.014 - 53.3

7.697 e ±0.113 -24.29

79.91de ±1.598 - 21.8

0.664 c

±0.006 - 13.8

20.0 kGy % of change

2.047 f

± 0.038 - 28.9

0.950h

± 0.006 - 58.3

6.833 f ±0.121 32.79

67.96f ±0.936 - 33.5

0.556 de

±0.006 - 27.7

He-Ne % of change

2.493 c

± 0.026 - 13.4

1.250d ± 0.017 - 45.1

9.940 a ±0.127 -22.33

90.68c ±1.942 - 11.1

0.732 b ±0.031 - 4.9

He-Ne+ 2.5 kGy % of change

2.393d ± 0.009 - 16.9

1.177e ± 0.009 - 48.3

8.757 c ±0.125 -13.87

87.32c ±0.983 - 14.6

0.719 b ±0.006 - 6.6

He-Ne+ 5.0 kGy % of change

1.870 g ± 0.006 - 35.1

1.127f ± 0.009 - 50.5

7.970de ±0.168 -21.61

83.23d ±1.506 - 18.6

0.596 d ±0.006 - 22.5

He-Ne+ 10 kGy % of change

1.700 h ± 0.023

24.7

1.040g

± 0.017 - 54.3

6.663 f ±0.0.197 -34.46

76.79e ±1.930 - 24.9

0.535 e

±0.006 - 23.5

He-Ne+ 20 kGy % of change

1.493 i ± 0.017 - 48.1

0.913 h ± 0.012 - 59.9

5.543 g ±0.171 -45.48

64.66f ±0.866 - 36.7

0.396 f ±0.006 - 48.6

LSD 5 % 0.067 0.043 0.451 3.97 0.052 a,b,c,…..Means within same column followed by different letters are significantly different at (P<0.05). Values are means of three replicates (±SE)

Chemical composition

Effect of γ-irradiation at dose levels of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 or 20.0 kGy, as well as, He-Ne and their combinations with γ-irradiation on total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, non reducing sugars, crude protein, fat, dry matter and ash contents of Vicia faba L. seeds were evaluated and the results are recorded in Table (2). Sugars showed variable results; irradiation by 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 kGy, He-Ne, 2.5 kGy + He-Ne and 5.0 kGy + He-Ne exhibit significant increase in total soluble and reducing sugars. Total soluble sugars at 20 kGy, 10 kGy + He-Ne and 20 kGy + He-Ne treatments were significantly decreased. While reducing sugars showed significant increased by increasing the irradiation dose up to 10 kGy and decreased by 10 kGy + He-Ne and 20 kGy + He-Ne, respectively. Non


reducing sugars declared significant increase by 2.5 and 5.0 kGy and significant decreased by 10.0, and 20 kGy and 10 kGy + He-Ne and 20 kGy + He-Ne, respectively. Similar finding was observed on soluble sugars in Chamomilla recutita L. irradiated with γ-irradiation(53). Also, Chen et al.(20) found that He-Ne pretreatment induced significantly increase in soluble sugars of Isatis indogotica and attributed this to the increase in the activity of α-amylase. Vicia faba L. seeds are not oilseeds but typical vegetable seeds, there were no noticeable significant differences (P>0.05) in the crude fat content among the tested treatments. The percentage of crude fat contents ranged from 4.08 for untreated seeds to 2.82 % for the He-Ne treatment. The crude protein showed slightly decrease up to the dosage 20 kGy with increasing dose levels of γ-irradiation and being significant (P<0.05) from 5 kGy. On the contrary, He-Ne and He-Ne combined with the dosage of 2.5 kGy, crude proteins were significantly increased comparing to control. Our finding is agreed with Maity et al.(54) who found that total protein was decreased paralleled with increasing γ-irradiation dose up to 6 kGy, compared to control samples of Orayza sativa L. The protein level of treated seeds of triticale with He-Ne was increased by 10.20 - 16.2 % comparing to non-treated seeds(46). Insignificant (P<0.05) changes in dry matter and ash content (P < 0.05) was observed.

Table 2. Effect of gamma, laser irradiation and their combinations on chemical composition of Vicia faba L seeds.

Treatment Total

soluble sugars %

Reducing sugars

%

Non reducing sugars %

Crude fat %

Crude protein

%

Dry matter

%

Ash %

Control 12.560d ± 0.32

4.880f ± 0.101

7.850b ± 0.056

4.08a ±0.047

33.34c

±0.106 91.04 a

± 0.012 3.660a

± 0.192

2.5 kGy 13.740b ± 0.134

5.120de ± 0.051

8.623a ± 0.133

3.94cd ±0.058

33.29c ±0.058

91.20 a

± 0.12 3.670a

± 0.134

5.0 kGy 14.197a ± 0.042

5.400c ± 0.009

8.760a ± 0.108

3.66cd ±0.041

32.45d ±0.152

91.28 a ± 0.01

3.740a ± 0.191

10.0 kGy 13.810b ± 0.180

6.440a ± 0.038

7.370bcd

± 0145 3.80bc ±0.045

31.34e ±0.176

91.02 a ± 0.012

3.62 a ± 0.186

20.0 kGy 11.537f ± 0.186

4.710g ± 0.073

6.573e ±0.215

3.48e ±0.046

30.54f ±0.121

90.70 a ± 0.056

3.70a ± 0.0.81

He-Ne 5 min

13.110c ± 0.019

5.213d ± 0.05

7.897b

± 0.121 2.82g

±0.069 35.38a ±0.155

91.09 a ± 0.052

3.60a ± 0.162

He-Ne+ 2.5 kGy

13.543b ± 0.033

5.497c ± 0.05

7.797b ± 0.246

3.59de ±0.046

34.36b ±0.132

90.39 a ± 0.227

3.690a ± 0.116

He-Ne+ 5.0 kGy

13.790b ± 0.094

6.173b ± 0. 069

7.617bc

± 0.151 4.06a

±0.035 33.39c ±0.126

91.40 a

± 0.058 3.730a

± 0.035 He-Ne+ 10 kGy

12.150e ± 0.081

5.037ef ± 0.056

7.113cde ± 0.08

3.63d ±0.076

32.37d ±0.126

91.25 a

± 0.145 3.720a

± 0.047 He-Ne+ 20 kGy

11.247f ± 0.076

4.460h ± 0.027

6.787de ± 0.102

3.32f ±0.058

31.11e ±0.161

91.01a ± 0.006

3.890a ± 0.058

LSD % 0.298 0.166 0.591 0.145 0.403 NS NS a,b,c,…..Means within same column followed by different letters are significantly different at (P<0.05). Values are means of three replicates (±SE), NS, Not significantly


Fatty acid composition

Fatty acid profile of non-irradiated and γ-irradiation or/and laser in Vicia faba L seeds is analyzed and presented in Table (3). The statistical evaluation, offered significant (P<0.05) change of γ-irradiation on some fatty acids composition of Vicia faba seed termed; myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidic acids. It was observed that, γ-irradiation at different dose levels used increased total saturated fatty acid (SFA) percentage (20.11 % - 21.90 %), and decreased total unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) (75.3% - 68.0%), as indicated in Table (3). Our findings are in agreement with Mexis and Kontominas(55) and Arici et al.(56) using cashew nuts and black cumin, respectively. In contrast, Gölge and Ova(57) reported that the effect of γ-irradiation on palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids was statistically insignificant (P<0.05) for pine nuts. The increase in SFA and the decrease in USFA after γ-irradiation may be due to molecular structure change in fatty acids, breaking of dual links and radicals turning to free condition(56). It is apparent that the higher percentage in the saturation of fatty acids refers to the higher of their oxidation potential(55). In unsaturated fatty acids radiolysis usually lead to essential acids loss with nutritional impairment. Irradiation also produces free radicals as a result of radiolysis(59, 60). Regarding to the SFA, myristic and palmitic acids percentage were increased at dose of 10 kGy by 209.4 %, while stearic and arachidic acids percentage were decreased to 24.4 and 46.5 %, respectively compared to control. At the same dose, the ratio of SFA/ USFA was decreased with increasing γ-irradiation dose levels Myristic acid appears to be the most atherogenic of all saturated fatty acids(60). For He-Ne, SFA; myristic, palmitic and stearic acids were significantly increased (P<0.05) while arachidic acid was decreased, compared to control. USFA (oleic and linoleic acids) were decreased compared to control, also ratio of U/S was increased. Meanwhile, for the combination of γ-irradiation and He-Ne treatments, the same trend of γ-irradiation was observed except SFA which were decreased while the ratio of U/S was increased. To the best of our knowledge, however, a literature search revealed that there is no information on the fatty acids distribution in Vicia faba L. under He-Ne and combination of He-Ne with γ-irradiation. We suggest that using of He-Ne alone or in combination with γ-irradiation at dose levels (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20 kGy) could be better than using γ-irradiation alone because this lead to increase U/S which are good for health. Parallel to the increases in γ-irradiation doses, there was also an increase in total saturated fatty acid percentage (15.43 % - 16.82 %), and there was a


decrease in total unsaturated fatty acid percentage (84.57% - 83.18%) in black cumin(56). Table (3): Effect of irradiation treatments (gamma, He-Ne and their combination)

on fatty acids profile of Vica faba L seeds

U/S USFA SFA Others Arachidi

c C20:0

Linoleic C18:2

Oleic C18:1

Stearic C18:0

Palmitic C16:0

Mirstic

C14:0

Treatments

3.75

75.302a

20.1069d

4.5912

2.3473a

52.6008a

22.7011e

1.9083a

15.3241e

0.5275f

Control

3.40 72.688e

- 3.5

21.3982b

+ 6.4 5.9211

2.3946a

+2.0

50.4816d - 4.0

22. g

- 2.2

1.8063a

- 5.3

16.2943c

+ 6.3

0.9030d

+ 71.3

2.5 kGy % of changes

3.41 71.684f

- 4.8

21.0313c

+ 4.6

7.2850 2.1878b

- 6.8

49.1511g

- 6.6

22.533 f

- 0.7

1.6401b

- 14.1

16.2993c

+ 6.4

0.9041d

+ 71.5

5.0 kGy % of changes

3.21

70.770g

- 6.0

22.0607a

+ 9.7

7.1690

1.2547 c

- 46.5

48.9436h

- 7.0

21.827 h

- 3.9

1.4423c

- 24.4

17.7324a

+ 15.7

1.6313b

+ 209.4

10.0 kGy % of

changes

3.10

67.989h

- 9.7

21.9049a

+ 8.9

10.1052

1.2452 c

- 47.0

46.9927i

- 10.7

20.997i

- 7.5

1.9233a

+ 0.8

17.4727b

+ 14.0

1.2637c

+ 139.0

20.0 kGy % of

changes

3.80 73.414d - 2.5

19.3146e

- 3.9 7.2713

1.2680c

- 46.0

50.0924e

- 4.8

23.322c

+ 2.7

1.9115e

+ 0.2

15.4249d

+ 0.7

0.7102e

+ 34.7

He-Ne % of changes

3.86

73.844c

- 1.9

19.1112f

- 4.9

7.0447

1.2304cd

- 47.6

51.2765b

- 2.5

22.568f

- 0.6

1.3480c

- 29.4

15.5396d

+ 1.4

0.9932d

+ 88.4

2.5 kGy + He-Ne % of changes

3.79

73.935c

- 1.8

19.5278e

- 2.9

6.5374

1.3604c

- 42.0

50.8990c

- 3.2

23.036d

+ 1.5

0.9608d

- 49.7

15.4487d

e

+ 0.8

1.7579a

+ 233.4

5.0 kGy + Ne-Ne % of changes

3.98

74.355b

- 1.3

18.6971g

- 7.0

6.9481

1.3945c

- 40.6

49.4150f

- 6.1

24.939a

+ 9.9

0.5333f

- 72.1

16.2357 c

+ 5.9

0.5336f

+ 1.2


3.84

74.318b

- 1.3

19.3622e

f

- 3.7

6.3197

1.0759d

- 52.2

49.5726f

- 5.8

24.745b

+ 9.0

0.7230e

- 62.1

16.2643c

+ 6.1

1.2990c

- 146.4


a,b,c,…..Means within same column followed by different letters are significantly different at P<0.05. Values are means of three replicates (±SE).

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, regardless of irradiation types, different treatments applied in this work have drastically reduced the antinutritional load of Vici faba L. seeds, while, combination of γ-irradiation and He-Ne being the most effective. So, since Vicia faba L. are proposed as ingredients in human diet, any of these conducted treatments are strongly advocated to be applied to irradiated seeds prior to their consumption to ensure their safety and quality in the food and feed. Such technique in combination of techniques-to be applied on bulk quantities will ultimately be detected by economic consideration. Therefore,


there is a need to carry out more investigations focused on biochemical and physiological processes taking place in treated seeds and plants with combination of γ-irradiation and laser irradiation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Laser Technology Centre, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt, for the Laser applications of this work.

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اإلشعاعیةاإلشعاعیةبحوث بحوث مجلة المجلة ال والعلوم التطبیقیةوالعلوم التطبیقیة

)2010( 1173 - 1157 ص ص )أ(4 عدد 3 مجلد

الفول البلدي تأثیر بعض المعامالت الفیزیقیة علي معیقات التغذیة و تركیب االحماض الدھنیة في

و أمینة عبد الحكیم الفرماوي أمینة عبد الحمید علي

29ـ ص ب القاھرة –مصر –المركز القومى لبحوث وتكنولوجیا اإلشعاع ھیئة الطاقة الذریة

كیلو جراي و 20و 10, 5, 2.5أجریت الدراسة علي تاثیر كال من التشعیع الجامي بالجرعات

و ). 843جیزة (وكذلك الجمع بینھما علي الخصائص الغذائیة لبذور الفول البلدي ) ھیلیوم نیون(اللیزر التانینات الفیتات ، مثبط , المركبات الفینولیة (اشتملت تلك الدراسة علي تقدیر مستویات معیقات التغذیة

واألحماض ) الرماد,المواد الجافة ,السكریات ، والبروتین الخام (، والتركیب الكیمیائي ) الفیسین, التربسین . الدھنیة

وكان ھذا االنخفاض في كال . دت المعامالت المختلفة الي انخفاض معنوي في معیقات التغذیةأیوم نیون و اشعة جاما بینما من التانینات و الفینوالت اكثر تاثیرا باستخدام الھلیوم نیون أو الجمع بین الھل

في كیلو جراي فقط أو الجمع بینھما و بین الھلیوم نیون كان اكثر فاعلیة 20و 10استخدام اشعة جاما أیضا بالنسبة لمثبط التربسین . . ٪ على التوالي 45.5, 34.5، 32.8، 24.3الحد من محتوى الفیتات بنسبة باإلضافة الي أن .الھلیوم نیون + كیلو جراي 20عند استخدام )٪ 36.7(كان الحد األقصى لالنخفاض

استخدام الھلیوم نیون فقط أو الجمع بین الھلیوم نیون و أشعة جاما عند جمیع المستویات للجرعات . كان أكثر فعالیةالمستخدمة

معنوي أو وعالوة على ذلك لم یحدث تغیر في كال من الرماد و المادة الجافة بینما حدث تغیر في حین أن استخدام ھلیوم نیون فقط أو الجمع بین . غیر معنوي في البروتین بالمقارنة بالمجموعة المقارنة

الھلیوم نیون وأشعة جاما عند جمیع المستویات أدي إلي زیادة نسبة االحماض الدھنیة غیر المشبعة إلي . االحماض الدھنیة المشبعة

جمع بین اشعة جاما و الھلیوم نیون یعتبر وسیلة جیدة لتحسین ویستنتج من ھذه الدراسة ان ال .جودة الفول البلدي بالنسبة للتخلص من معیقات التغذیة

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