La pile à combustible hydrogène comme prolongateur d’autonomie

pour véhicules électriques

«HYDROGÈNE: VISION FUTURISTE OU SOLUTION D’ACTUALITÉ?»

CREM, 25 juin 2015

DC/AC

Electrolysisc

Grid

H2 O2

M

FC Battery

PV Panels

PV Surface: 70 mAnnual Mobility: 15’000 km

H2O

2

The Belenos concept

Solar Energy

Hydrogen

Battery

Fuel Cell

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Electrolysis Hydrogen production

Conception of a test bench for small electrolyser stacks

Build a complete hydrogen filling station

Operate the filling station

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Electrolyser stack operated @ 30bar saving one compression stage Operate our proprietary

electrolyser

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Fuel Cell Activity

Fuel Cell system design & construction and testing

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Fuel Cell mobility tests on roads

Electric FC vehicle

Fuel Cell Car experience

Test period (October 2011 – August 2012) :

FC System, max power 25 [kW]

Gas filling H2 350 [bar] , O2 130 [bar]

Drive test 5’000 [km] FC mode

�68% system efficiency in driving mode

Full Range 300 [km], mix drive max 100 [km/h]

Consumption H2 0.78 [kg/100km]

O2 6.80 [kg/100km]

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Only 2 H2 station in Switzerland

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Fuel CellSystem

10 kW

H2 StorageSystem

350 bar

55 kWh Chemical

M

400V

+

-

DC

DC

~ 230V

3kW

80V

+

-

CHARGER

INVERTER

Fuel cell range extender vehicle architecture

Electric drive integration

Fuel cell range extender integration

10 bar

350 bar

DC

AC

DC

AC

HV Batterie

60 kW / 31 kWh

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Fuel cell system operation

Minimum power at 3kW :

• Best efficiency point

Fuel Cell System Efficiency

(DC/DC included)

Fuel Cell System power

(DC/DC included)

3 kW 10 kW

Strategy : Load following

• The fuel cell power follows the drivetrain demand

Option : Maximum power

• Possibility to switch the fuel cell to 10 kW continuously to recharge the battery.55%

• The fuel cell start/stop is selected by the driver.

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Hybrid - fuel cell/battery - EV

Mass PowerChemicalEnergy

Electrical Energy

Range(NEDC)

Filling Time

HV Battery 210 kg 60 kW 31kWh 26 kWh(124 Wh/kg)

200 km 10 h

FC system 125 kg 10 kW 55 kWh 26 kWh(208 Wh/kg)

200 km 2 min

• The fuel cell system doubles the range of the vehicle.

• The fuel cell could also drive the vehicle when the HV battery is empty (with limited power).

Energy sources available in the vehicle.

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Electric FIAT 500 with FC range extender

Batteries

Fuel Cell (FC) system information:

• Emissions = 0

• Electric power/peak = 20/60 kW

• Battery capacity = 26 kWh

• Battery weight = 210 kg

• Hydrogen capacity = 1.7 kg

• Fuel Cell power = 10 kW

• Battery driving range = 200 km

• H2 driving range = 200 km

• Total Range = 400 km

• Curb Weight = 1300 kg

• Number of seats = 4Drive train, power

electronics and Fuel Cell

H2 tank & security system control

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Electric FIAT 500 with FC range extender

H2 tank (350 bar)

H2 filling nozzle

Power electronic

Electric drive

FC air compressor

Fuel Cell stack

Electric charge

Battery pack

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Electric FIAT 500 with FC range extender

Energy management and driver interface

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Test drive : «Normal» top range

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Sp

ee

d [

km

/h]

Kilometers driven [km]

Vehicle Speed

Battery SOC

Filling H2

Vehicle speed (km/h)

Battery SOC (%)

H2 Fill level (%)

Date & Time: 17 Oct., 2013 Distance: 348km Battery used: 99%

Test Driver: A. Closset Max Speed: 120km/h Hydrogen used: 96%

Avg Speed: 53km/h

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Test drive : Top range record

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Sp

eed

[km

/h]

Kilometers driven [km]

Vehicle Speed

Battery SOC

Filling H2

Vehicle speed (km/h)

Battery SOC (%)

H2 Fill level (%)

Date & Time: 20 Oct., 2013 Distance: 425km Battery used: 100%

Test Driver: M. Vögeli Max Speed: 110km/h Hydrogen used: 97%

Avg Speed: 73km/h

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FIAT 500 Statistics

What Value

Distance 53'013 km

Average speed 48.4 km/h

Drivetrain consumption 193 Wh/km, (= 2.2Lessence/100km)

Vehicle ON time 1095 h

Average power demand 9.4 kW

Battery full cycles 272

Fuel cell ON time 525 h (48% of vehicle ON time)

Fuel cell average power 6.3 kW (including DC/DC)

H2 full filling 143 (= 244 kg H2)

Number of FC starts 1586

Average efficiency H2 tank to DC bus(including Stack, BoP, Purges, DC/DC)

41 %

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Conclusion

� Hydrogen fuel cell systems can be a reliable, CO2 free, range extender for electric vehicle.

� It is suitable for small fleets of vehicle when one invests in a hydrogen station.

� It can benefit from early national installation of hydrogen stations.� Hydrogen production by electrolysis will be supported by national

electric grid operators.

MERCI!