L’avenir de Vega : quel marché et quels défis pour le nouveau lanceur européen ?

8/2/2019 Lavenir de Vega : quel march et quels dfis pour le nouveau lanceur europen ?

1/14

ìtk `6?)82

J { o n h E h r t h

Omhrck dk rkomkromk jh Ai`dhtni` vi{rjh Rkomkromk _trhtcnx{k

Jhqk`nr dk Qkch 7 x{kj ehromkt x{kjs dans vi{r jk ì{qkh{

jhòk{r k{rivk` 9 -82 ehrs 2682.

N`trid{otni`

Jk 8? aqrnkr 2682 jk ì{qkh{ vktnt jhòk{r k{ri%vk` Qkch r{ssnsshnt si` qij dk x{hjnanohtni`*dìee QQ68. Jk oiòkvt d{ vricrheek d{jhòk{r k{rivk` rkei`tk jh an` dks h``ks8>36 x{h`d j{`nqkrsnt dk Riek kt jks rksvi`sh% bjks d{ vrigkt _h` Ehroi8 vrivisk`t dk dqkjiv%vkr {`k qkrsni` qij{k d{ jhòk{r hernohn`_oi{t. Jks vrkenrks t{dks dehrrk`t* ehns k`8>>2 jk vricrheek kst hrrt kt ok `kst x{h{enjnk{ dks h``ks 8>>6 x{k jHckòk svhtnhjk nth%jnk``k -H_N rkvrk`d si` oievtk jndk d{`jhòk{r jckr x{kjjk dìeek Qkch vi{r Qktti%rk K{rivki dn Ck`krhwni`k Hqh`whth . K` 8>>=*jNthjnk jk vrivisk h{} vh~s ekebrks dk jK_H vi{r {` dqkjivvkek`t k` oiivrhtni`. Hdivt

vhr jk oi`sknj dk jK_H k` g{n` 8>>=* okst k` d%

okebrk 2666 x{kst hvvri{q jk vricrheek dkdqkjivvkek`t oievjkt d{ jhòk{r 2. JNthjnk kstjk vh~s oi`trnb{h`t ehgirnthnrkek`t mh{tk{rdk ;=*4 +* jks h{trks vhrtnonvh`ts si`t 7 jh Arhòk-2;*? + * jh Bkjcnx{k -1*> + * jKsvhc`k -4*1 + *jks Vh~s%Bhs -?*2 + * jh _{nssk -8 + kt jh _{dk-6*1 + ?. Jh Arhòk* jNthjnk* jh Bkjcnx{k kt jksVh~s%Bhs oi`trnb{k`t h{ssn h{ dqkjivvkek`td{ vricrheek d{ biistkr V=6. K` dokebrk2666* Hqni kt H_N shssionk`t vi{r orkr jh gin`t%qk`t{rk KJQ _vH -rksvkotnqkek`t 36 +%?6 + *ominsnk vhr jK_H vi{r trk jk ehtrk d{qrk dk

Qkch. K` g{n` 2668* KJQ db{tk jks t{dks vrjn%en`hnrks* jh oiànc{rhtni` rktk`{k kst okjjk d{`jhòk{r oi`stnt{ dk trins thcks vriv{jsni`sijndk -vi{drk 4* s{rei`ts d{` eid{jk vri%


2/14

2

v{jsni` jnx{ndk -HQ[E . Qkch oievjtk hn`sn jh ahenjjk dks jhòk{rs k{ri%vk`s* ot dHrnh`k ; -jhòk{r ji{rd kt_i~i{w -jhòk{r ei~k` ; * kt nj kst jhò* oieekjks dk{} h{trks* dkv{ns jk virt svhtnhj dK{rivk Li{ri{* k` C{~h`k arh`hnsk. Hvrs x{kjx{ksrkthrds* jh vmhsk dk dqkjivvkek`t sk tkren`k ktdi{wk h`s vj{s thrd jk s{oos dk si` qij dk x{hjn%anohtni` oi{ri``k jks kaairts k{rivk`s 7 Qkch hoit k`qnri` 366 enjjni`s dk{ris 1* h{}x{kjsjK_H hgi{tk 466 enjjni`s dk{ris vi{r jk vri%crheek Qkrth 3._{ntk h{} s{oos dk okttk enssni`* kt h{} omh`ck%ek`ts n`tkrqk`{s d{ ot dk jh dkeh`dk kt dkjiaark d{ ehrom dks vktnts jhòk{rs dkv{ns jhdonsni` dk db{tkr ok vricrheek* okrthn`ks

x{kstni`s sk visk`t s{r si` hqk`nr 7 x{kj ehromvi{r Qkch h{gi{rdm{n 9 Hqko x{kjs jhòk{rs Qk%ch kst%nj dnrkotkek`t k` oiò{rrkòk 9 X{kjssi`t jks vrnònvh{} dans vi{r Qkch s{r jk oi{rtkt jk ji`c tkrek 9

Jk ehrom dk Qkch 7 i sk visntni`%`k%t%nj 9 X{kjs si`t jks ehroms k`%

qnshckhbjks 9

Jh enssni` dk rarkòk dk Qkch oirrksvi`d h{jhòkek`t d{` shtkjjntk dk 8 ;66 lc vjho k` ir% bntk vijhnrk {`k hjtnt{dk dk 366 le. Vj{s c`%rhjkek`t* jh ehssk dks omhrcks {tnjks vk{t qhrnkrk`trk ?66 lc kt 2 ;66 lc skji` jirbntk kt jhjtnt{%

dk qnsks. Jnòjn`hnsi` dk jirbntk vk{t qhrnkr-irbntk vijhnrk* g{sx{ {`k irbntk x{htirnhjk *hn`sn x{k jhjtnt{dk* k`trk ?66 kt 8 ;66 le. Qkchvk{t diò rvi`drk dnaark`ts t~vks dk ens%sni`s.[` dks ibgkotnas dk QKRTH -Qkch Rkskhrom h`dTkomìjic~ Hooievh`nek`t * vricrheek dkjK_H* kst g{stkek`t dk dei`trkr okttk ajk}nbnjn%t. Jk vricrheek oi{qrk kaakotnqkek`t jks on`xvrkenkrs qijs=* x{n jhòkri`t dks omhrcks {tnjkse{jtnvjks kt qhrnks. Qkch vi{rrh hn`sn dei`%trkr sh ohvhont hooievjnr {`k jhrck cheek dkenssni`s* k` kebhrx{h`t dnaark`tks oiànc{rh%tni`s dk omhrcks {tnjks -{` shtkjjntk i{ {` shtkjjn%tk hqko vj{snk{rs enorishtkjjntks>. K`trk 268? kt2684* jk vricrheek Qkrth hss{rkrh jk jhòkek`tdk 4 enssni`s dk jK_H -Jnsh%Vhtman`dkr* HDE% Hkij{s* Vribh%Q kt N]Q dh`s jks diehn`ks dkjibskrqhtni` dk jh Tkrrk* dk jh sonkòk kt dk jhtkomìjicnk. [` vin`t dn`tkrrichtni` dkek{rks{r jh on`x{nek enssni` dk Qkrth* x{n rkstk dan`nr. [` shtkjjntk d{ vricrheek CEK_ dk j[%`ni` k{rivk``k vi{rrhnt trk k`qnshc 86. Hvrs hqinr dei`tr sh anhbnjnt kt ajk}nbnjntcrok h{ vricrheek Qkrth* jk jhòk{r dkqrh n`t%crkr jk ehrom n`stnt{tni``kj kt oieekronhj* k` qnsh`t jk ehrom dks shtkjjntks jckrs -: 2 ti``ks kt dks enorishtkjjntks kt `hì shtkjjntks -k`trk 86kt ;66 lc kt :86 lc vi{r dks irbntks bhssks. Dna%ark`tks enssni`s svhtnhjks* n`stnt{tni``kjjks ktoieekronhjks* onqnjks kt enjnthnrks* oi`stnt{k`t okt~vk dk ehrom 7

Ibskrqhtni` dk jh Tkrrk

Vi{r jks shtkjjntks dibskrqhtni` dk jh Tkr%rk -ivtnx{k kt rhdhr kt dk etirijicnk* jirbntk bhssk rkstk jh vj{s {tnjnsk88* th`dns x{k jks vri%crs tkomìjicnx{ks vkrekttk`t {`k rd{otni` dkjk{r ehssk h{} hjk`ti{rs dk 8 8*; ti``ks. Nj sh%cnt diò d{` ehrom vrnqnjcn vi{r Qkch. Ok ehrom kst k` orinsshòk -vricrkssni` dk 866 +dks shtkjjntks ivrhtni``kjs vi{r jh vrnidk 2663%2681 vhr rhvvirt jh vrnidk 8>>3%266182 * kti` vk{t oi`sndrkr x{k` rhnsi` dk jn`trt v{% bjno vi{r ok t~vk dk enssni`s -rkomkromk* eti%rijicnk* k`qnri``kek`t* rk`sknc`kek`t onqnj ktenjnthnrk nj rkstkrh an`hò jhrckek`t vhr jk sko%tk{r v{bjno8?* bnk` x{k jks n`ntnhtnqks oieekronh%jks k}nstk`t84. Hn`sn Qkch jhòkrh jks shtkjjntks _k`tn`kjs 2B kt?B8; k`trk 2684 kt 2681* s{ntk jhvvkj diaarksjhò vhr jK_H kt rkevirt vhr Qkch*h vrnirn vj{s oievtntna x{k jks jhòk{rs r{ssks81. Nj shcn%rh dks dk{} vrkenkrs jhòkek`ts oieekronh{}*hvrs jk qij dk x{hjnanohtni` kt jks on`x qijs QKR%TH. Okvk`dh`t jK_H h oi`dntni`` jh ensk k`


3/14

?

ivrhtni` -kt h{ssn* vhr oi`sx{k`t* jk jhòk%ek`t dks shtkjjntks _k`tn`kjs {` k`chckek`tdk jh vhrt dk j[`ni` k{rivk``k chrh`tnr jkan`hòkek`t d{ vricrheek CEK_ hvrs 268?.Jk Vrsndk`t dHrnh`ksvhok sk dnt ivtnenstk s{rok vin`t83* ehns jks oi`trhts rkjhtnas h{ jhòkek`tvhr Qkch dks dk{} _k`tn`kjs dkek{rk`t nòkr%thn`s h{gi{rdm{n -i{ d{ ein`s k` ok x{n oiòkr%`k jk ohjk`drnkr . Vhren jks h{trks oievish`tsk{rivk`s dk CEK_* sk{j jk _k`tn`kj ; Vro{r%sk{r skebjk trk {` oh`dndht k`qnshckhbjk vi{r Qkch8=* oievtk tk`{ dk sh ehssk kt d{ ahnt x{h{%o{` hooird hqko jks ivrhtk{rs dk jhòkek`t `hkòirk t snc`.Dh`s jk diehn`k dk jibskrqhtni` dk jh Tkrrk* snjh vhrt d{ skotk{r vrnq rkstk ahnbjk8>* jh tk`dhòkkst qkrs jh orinsshòk26. Hn`sn vhr k}kevjk jk sh%tkjjntk _VIT%3 -=66 lc* 1>; le an`hò vhrKHD_ Hstrn{e28 vi{rrhnt trk {` oh`dndht vi{r Qkch* shomh`t x{k _VIT%1 -shtkjjntk d{ eekt~vk x{k _VIT 3 skebjk trk dg vriens h{jhòk{r n`dnk` V_JQ -Vijhr _htkjjntk Jh{òm Qk%mnojk .

_onkòk kt tkomìjicnk

Dh`s jk diehn`k dks shtkjjntks vi{r jh sonkòk ktjh tkomìjicnk* nj kst vrqnsnbjk x{k dh`s jh d%ok``nk 2663%2681 jk ìebrk dk enssni`s rkstkrh

oi`sth`t vhr rhvvirt jh dok``nk vrodk`tk*o#kst%%dnrk h{} hjk`ti{rs dk 8;6 enssni`s22 s{rdn} h`s. JK_H* di`t jks enssni`s sonk`tnanx{kssi`t jk o{r dk jhotnqnt* kst okrthn`kek`t jho%tk{r jk vj{s hotna k` K{rivk* hqko 81 enssni`ssonk`tnanx{ks k` 26862? -vricrheek sonk`tnanx{kibjnchtinrk kt {` b{dckt dk 43>Ek` 268224.JN`tkrekdnhtk K}vkrnek`thj Qkmnojk dk jK_H -N]Q* dei`strhtk{r dk rk`trk hteisvmrnx{kskrh hn`sn jhò vhr Qkch k` 2684 dh`s jk ohdrkd{ vricrheek Qkrth. Jks enssni`s sonk`tnanx{ksk{rivk``ks oi`stnt{k`t diò {` ehrom n`t%rkssh`t vi{r Qkch* kt dhoos rkjhtnqkek`t ahonjksn i` oi`sndrk jh rkoieeh`dhtni` dk jHckòk- vhrtnr d{ Oi`sknj en`nstrnkj dk 266;2; qkrsjks thts%ekebrks vrarkr jks jhòk{rs dk jK%_H vi{r jks enssni`s k{rivk``ks. I{trk jHck`%ok svhtnhjk k{rivk``k* jks Kthts d{ qnk{} oi`tn%`k`t dqkjivvk`t h{ssn dks enssni`s sonk`tnan%x{ks kt tkomìjicnx{ks x{n vi{rrhnk`t n`trksskr Qkch oievtk tk`{ dk jk{r ehssk kt dk jirbntkdkeh`dk* oieek vhr k}kevjk jh enssni` nth%jnk``k ENI_HT -Enssni`k ittnoh s{ enorishtkjjn%tk 21 < Hstkrindan`dkr d{ DJR 23 i{ kòirk EN_TN%CRN* vrigkt arhòi%ksvhcìj2=.Dh`s ok diehn`k* {`k httk`tni` vhrtno{jnrk dinttrk virtk qkrs jks enssni`s hqko dks omhrcks{tnjks vktntks -k`trk 866 kt ;66 lc kt enori%

`hì -:866 lc x{n oiòkr`k`t dnaark`ts diehn%`ks tkjs x{k jks tkomìjicnks* jh sonkòk kt okr%thn`s jhòkek`ts n`stnt{tni``kjs onqnjs kt enjnthn%rks. Jks enorishtkjjntks si`t si{qk`t jhòs oie%ek vncc~ bhol jioohsni` dk jhòkek`tsvj{s nevirth`ts 2>. Ok t~vk dk enssni` kst n`t%rkssh`t vi{r jks {`nqkrsnts kt a{t{rks sthrt%{vi{ vi{r jks vh~s ekrck`ts. Qkch % hn`sn x{k si`s{ookssk{r x{n vi{rrhnt jhòkr 1 `hì shtkjjntks jh ains % vi{rrhnt diò chc`kr ok t~vk dk ehrom-8=%26 enssni`s hookssnbjks vhr h`?6 * oi`dn%tni` dtrk oievtntna kt dk dei`trkr sh anhbnjn%t.

Enssni`s enjnthnrks

Vi{r jks irbntks bhssks* jks shtkjjntks dibskrqh%tni` dk jh tkrrk* doi{tk jkotri`nx{k kt dk tj%oiee{`nohtni` vi{rri`t kaakotnqkek`t trk jh`%os vhr Qkch. H{gi{rdm{n si` ohjk`drnkr `k vr% qint vhs ok t~vk dk enssni`* ehns ok ehrom rkstki{qkrt. Dh`s ok ohdrk* jh jnentk hot{kjjk dk Qkch 8*;%2 ti``ks hn`sn x{k jh dnek`sni` dk sh oinaak`k si`t vhs `cjnckhbjks sn ji` oi`sndrk x{k jksa{t{rs shtkjjntks Oisei _l~Ekd dk{}nek c`%rhtni`* i{ Oievish`tk _vhtnhjk Ivtnx{k arh`hnsk* hn`sn x{k Htmk`h%And{s* vhr k}kevjk*vi{rrhnk`t hqinr {`k ehssk jcrkek`t vj{s jk% qk kt {`k dnek`sni` vribhbjkek`t vj{s crh`dk

x{k okjjks k`qnshckhbjks vhr Qkch h{gi{rdm{n.Jqij{tni` d{ jhòk{r* dg jt{dk jH_N?8 kt jK_H* qnskrh k`trk h{trk h{cek`tkr jh vkrair%ehòk d{ jhòk{r g{sx{ ?*? ti``ks* hn`sn x{kjks dnek`sni`s dk sh oinaak* ok x{n vkrekttrhntdjhrcnr jks enssni`s kt* vhr oi`sx{k`t* jk ehr%om. Dk vj{s* jqij{tni` dks `hìtkomìjicnks ktdks ehtrnh{}* oi`g{c{k jh tk`dhòk h{ dqk%jivvkek`t dk shtkjjntks vj{s jckrs dh`s ok di%ehn`k* ai`t dks enssni`s enjnthnrks k{rivk``ks{` ehrom kòi{rhckh`t* eek snj kst jnentvhr rhvvirt h{} h{trks. K` kaakt* k` 2686* vi{r

jks n`d{strnks svhtnhjks k{rivk``ks jks ojnk`tsenjnthnrks rkvrsk`thnk`t sk{jkek`t > +?2 dk jk{romnaark dhaahnrks* k` rhnsi`* h{ssn* d{ rjk orins%sh`t gi{ vhr jks hotk{rs vrnqs -VAN kt VVV i{n`stnt{tni``kjs%onqnjs -oieek dh`s jk ohdrk dksvricrheeks d{h{} . Ehns dh`s jhbsij{* kt dkahi` dnaark`tk x{h{} Kthts%[`ns* jks enssni`senjnthnrks `k si`t vhs h{ o{r dks hotnqnts svh%tnhjks k` K{rivk.

_htkjjntks dk tjoiee{ nohtni`

Jks shtkjjntks dk tjoiee{`nohtni` k` CTI-irbntk cisthtni``hnrk rkstkri`t sh`s di{tk jhoievish`tk jh vj{s nevirth`tk dks jhòkek`ts


4/14

4

oieekronh{}* ehns njs `k oi`stnt{k`t vhs {èhrom k`qnshckhbjk vi{r Qkch k` rhnsi` dkjk{rs svonanohtni`s hot{kjjks x{n qi`t vj{tt qkrs{`k h{cek`thtni` dk jk{rs ehssks x{k qkrs {`ken`nht{rnshtni ??.Jh snt{htni` kst dnaark`tk vi{r jks shtkjjntks dkoiee{`nohtni` k` irbntk bhssk. Vj{s jckrs*oieek vhr k}kevjk jks shtkjjntks Nrndn{e -32; lck` JKI * i{ Cjibhjsthr -4;6 lc k` JKI * njsoi`stnt{k`t {` ehrom vitk`tnkj vi{r Qkch bnk`x{k s{r jk ehrom cjibhj dks tjoiee{`noh%tni`s vhr shtkjjntk jk{r vhrt rkstk enìrnthnrk.Kàn`* jks shtkjjntks dk `hqnchtni`)jiohjnshtni`si`t mirs ehrom vi{r Qkch. Dh`s ok diehn`k*jks n`qkstnsskek`ts v{bjnos i`t oi`sndrhbjk%ek`t h{cek`t oks dkr`nrks h``ks. thts%[`ns* [`ni` k{rivk``k* N`dk* Omn`k* R{ssnk*Ghvi` dqkjivvk`t dk ì{qkjjks c`rhtni`s 7 {`

vk{ ein`s dk 8;6 shtkjjntks d{`k ehssk dk 8 8*; ti``ks skri`t jhòs dh`s jh dok``nk 266=%268=* jh vj{vhrt k` irbntk EKI. Qkch `k vi{rrhvhs k`qnshckr ok t~vk dk ehrom* ~ oievrns jhoi`stkjjhtni` k{rivk``k Chjnjki -?6 shtkjjntksskri`t jhòs dnon 2684 k` irbntk 2? 166 le*s{r dks jhòk{rs _i~i{w ivrh`t d{ O_C i{ dH%rnh`k ;?4 k` rhnsi` dk vkrairehòks n`s{aansh`%tks s{r okttk irbntk.K` oiòj{sni`* oieek jn`dnx{k`t dh{trks rhv%virts ?; * jks enssni`s k{rivk``ks n`stnt{tni``kj%jks oiòkr`h`t dks shtkjjntks jckrs k` irbntk bhs%sk oirrksvi`dk`t 2%? enssni`s vhr h` -vi{r jhvrnidk 268;%262; . JK_H* hqko sks vricrhe%eks sonk`tnanx{ks* tkomìjicnx{ks kt dibskrqh%tni` dk jh Tkrrk* skebjk trk jk ojnk`t jk vj{s vri%ekttk{r vi{r Qkch* s{nqn vhr jks hckòks svhtnh%jks dks vh~s jks vj{s hotnas dh`s ok diehn`k?1. Kòk x{n oiòkr`k jk ehrom oieekronhj -vrnq i{v{bjno n`tkr`htni`hj * Qkch vi{rrh vriantkr d{èhrom k` airtk qij{tni`* oi`dntni` x{k shanhbnjnt sint dei`trk* sh dnsvi`nbnjnt kt ajk}n% bnjnt chrh`tnks* kt si` vrn} s{aansheek`t n`t%rkssh`t vi{r chc`kr ahok jh oiò{rrkòk.

X{kjjk oiò{rrkòk vi{r Qkch s{rjk ehrom n`tkr`htni`hj dks jh`%ok{rs 9

Nj k}nstk h{gi{rdm{n dk ìebrk{} oiò{rrk`tsdk Qkch* ì` sk{jkek`t h{ `nqkh{ n`tkr`htni`hj*ehns h{ssn h{ `nqkh{ k{rivk`.Jk jhòk{r r{ssk _i~i{w * oieekronhjns h{ssnvhr Hrnh`ksvhok* h dg kaakot{ dk{} enssni`shqko s{oos dkv{ns jk Ok`trk _vhtnhj C{~h`hns-O_C . Ok jhòk{r kst {tnjns vi{r dks shtkjjntksei~k`s -k`trk ? kt 4 ti``ks k` irbntk bhssk i{cisthtni``hnrk. _i~i{w kst diò jk jhòk{r ndhj

vi{r jks shtkjjntks dk oiee{`nohtni`s dk ehsskn`tkrednhnrk* vi{r jks shtkjjntks dk `hqnchtni`*vi{r jibskrqhtni` dk jh Tkrrk kt jh rkomkromksonk`tnanx{k. Jk dkr`nkr jhòkek`t dk _i~i{w dk%v{ns jk O_C k` dokebrk 2688 h ens k` irbntksne{jthèk`t jk shtkjjntk Vjnhdks 8 vi{r jib%skrqhtni` dk jh tkrrk ->36 lc* 1>; le dhjtnt{dkhn`sn x{k x{htrk vktnts shtkjjntks Kjnsh vi{r jkrk`sknc`kek`t dirncn`k jkotriehc`tnx{k-826 lc omho{`* k`qnri` 366 le dhjtnt{dk kt {èn`n shtkjjntk omnjnk` vi{r jibskrqhtni` dk jhTkrrk __IT -883 lc* k`qnri` 186 le dhjtnt{dk ._i~i{w kt Qkch qnsk`t diò vhrtnkjjkek`t jk e%ek ehrom kt i` vk{t sk dkeh`dkr sn oks dk{}jhòk{rs `k si`t vhs kaakotnqkek`t k` oievtn%tni`.Jhqh`thck dk Qkch vhr rhvvirt _i~i{w skebjktrk sh ajk}nbnjnt kt sh dnsvi`nbnjnt* ohr nj vk{tjhòkr dks shtkjjntks jckrs sh`s bksin` dk omhr%cks s{vvjek`thnrks kt vhrok x{k sh dnsvi`nbnjnt`kst vhs dvk`dh`tk dk jh omh`k dk vrid{otni`r{ssk. K` tkreks dk anhbnjnt* jks omkos dk_i~i{w?3 jh``k dkr`nrk* skebjk`t `k vhs gi{krk` ahqk{r d{ jhòk{r r{ssk* eek snjs `k din% qk`t vhs ahnrk i{bjnkr sh rib{stkssk dei`trkdkv{ns sks db{ts.Jqij{tni` dk Qkch qkrs {` jhòk{r x{n v{nsskh{cek`tkr sks vkrairehòks hot{kjjks ?= vi{rrhqk`t{kjjkek`t shtnsahnrk jks enssni`s oiànksh{gi{rdm{n _i~i{w h{ O_C. [` ahotk{r ì``cjnckhbjk skrh jk vrn} d{ jhòkek`t. Hot{kjjk%ek`t jk vrn} d{` jhòkek`t vhr _i~i{w kst an}k` x{kjx{k sirtk vhr sks vrid{otk{rs -r{ssks h{eiek`t dk jh qk`tk d{ jhòk{r Hrnh`ksvhok. Njkst vribhbjk x{k sn jh dnsvi`nbnjnt dk _i~i{w h{O_C kst oiànrek jioohsni` d{ rkì{qkjjk%ek`t dk jhooird k`trk jh R{ssnk kt jK_H* {`kh{cek`thtni` d{ vrn} d{ jhòk{r -kt* vhr oi`s%x{k`t* d{ jhòkek`t sint dkeh`dk. K` ok x{noiòkr`k Qkch* si` vrn} oieekronhj kst rkjhtnqk%ek`t bhs* k` rhnsi` h{ssn dk jk}vjinthtni` eh}n%ehjk dks s~`krcnks hqko jk jhòk{r Hrnh`k%;?>. _n Qkch hrrnqk httkn`drk jks ?%4 jhòkek`ts vhr h`dh`s jks h``ks x{n qnk``k`t* jk vrn} dk jnqrhnsi`dk Qkch Hrnh`ksvhok vi{rrhnt bhnsskr* skji` jkdnrkotk{r dKJQ 46. Nj `kst vhs hox{ns* diò* x{k_i~i{w sint {`k sij{tni` n`trkssh`tk vhr rhv%virt Qkch dh`s jks h``ks qk`nr.K` ok x{n oiòkr`k jks x{kstni`s dk so{rnt* ktìtheek`t jh vissnbjk rtnokòk jhòkr dksomhrcks {tnjks strhtcnx{ks hqko dks jhòk{rstrh`ckrs* jk rok`t jhòkek`t dk Vjnhdks vhr_i~i{w h{ O_C skebjk ohrtkr ok t~vk dk vrio%o{vhtni`s. @hèin`s* hqinr dnsvisntni` {`jhòk{r k{rivk` vi{r dks enssni`s sk`snbjksvk{t trk vrarhbjk vi{r dks rhnsi`s dh{tiì%enk* dk dnsvi`nbnjnt* hn`sn x{k dk anhbnjnt dksehtrnkjs kt dk x{hjnt dks vriod{rks kt sth`%


5/14

;

dhrds.K` Hjjkehc`k* K{riolit Jh{òm _krqnoks CebMai{r`nt dks skrqnoks vi{r jks shtkjjntks jckrs kìrbntk bhssk h{ trhqkrs dkRiolit LE* jhò dkjh bhsk r{ssk dk Vjksktls. Ok jhòk{r doi{jk dkjhdhvthtni` dks hònk`s enssnjks bhjnstnx{ks n`%tkroi`tn`k`th{} -NOBE r{ssks __%8>* ok x{n j{nvkrekt dtrk dnsvi`nbjk s{r jk ehrom dks vrn}trs oievtntnas. Dkv{ns jh``k 2666* Riolit hvjho k` irbntk dk ìebrk{} shtkjjntks* k`trk h{%trks jks enssni`s dk jK_H Or~isht* CIOK* _EI_*Vribh48. Jhoos dk Riolit h{ ehrom k{rivk`kst chrh`tn vhr jHjjkehc`k kt KHD_ Hstrn{e* x{nvhrtnonvk h{ ohvnthj dk jh siont K{riolit ;8 +*jks 4> + rksth`t th`t si{s oi`trjk d{ Lmr{`n%omkq _vhok Ok`tkr -R{ssnk . Jk vriomhn` qij d{Riolit hss{rkrh jh ensk k` irbntk d{ shtkjjntk_SHRE dk jK_H k` g{njjkt 268242. Jk dkr`nkroi`trht snc` k`trk jK_H kt K{riolit vrqint jkjhòkek`t dks shtkjjntks _k`tn`kjs 2H kt ?H 4?.Riolit* vhr hnjjk{rs* h ens k` irbntk jks shtkjjntksCRHOK dk jh @H_H k` 2662* nss{s d{`k oiiv%rhtni` @H_H%DJR. Oieek vi{r Qkch vriomhn%`kek`t* Riolit iaark h{ssn jh vissnbnjnt dk vjh%okr vj{snk{rs enori kt `hì%shtkjjntks sonk`tnan%x{ks s{r dnaark`tks irbntks* crok si` dkr`nkrthck r%hjj{ehbjk.Ok jhòk{r kst diò {` qrnthbjk oiò{rrk`t vi{r Qkch ohr nj h hoos h{ ehrom k{rivk` n`stnt{%tni``kj* nj qnsk jk eek t~vk dk enssni` kt nj ksthookssnbjk {` vrn} oievtntna. @hèin`s* jh% qk`nr d{ Rilit kst jn h{ stiol dks NOBE __%8>x{n `kst vhs njjnent44. Dk vj{s* nj kst airt vribh% bjk x{{`k ains x{k Qkch skrh bnk` n`sthjj s{r jkehrom -okst%%dnrk vhrtnr dk 268; * jh vrnirntj{n skrh hooirdk* eek vhr jHjjkehc`k* k` jhns%sh`t Riolit ivrkr k` rskrqk. Okon k` rhnsi`dh{ ein`s trins ahotk{rs 7 jh rkoieeh`dhtni` dkjK_H h{} vh~s ekebrks s{r jh vrnirnt h{} jh`%ok{rs k{rivk`s* jh vissnbjk k`trk dk jHjjkeh%c`k dh`s jk vricrheek Qkch* kt jh vhrtnonvhtni`dKHD_ h{ vhrtk`hrnht dHrnh`ksvhok.Vi{r k` tkren`kr hqko jh R{ssnk*Liseis ?E qnsk h{ssn jk eek t~vk dk enssni` x{k Qkch ktdh`s jks h``ks vhssks nj h dg jhò vi{r jkoievtk dk jHjjkehc`k ; shtkjjntks dibskrqhtni`rhdhr _HR%J{vk vi{r jk rk`sknc`kek`t enjnthn%rk. Jh vrid{otni` dk ok jhòk{r h t ti{tkainshrrtk* jk stiol dks enssnjks bhjnstnx{ks dk vir%tk n`tkrednhnrk R%84 -x{n ai{r`nt jk vrkenkrthck d{ jhòk{r kst v{ns 7 nj `k skrh diò vhs{` rkj oiò{rrk`t dk Qkch. Jk r{ssi%{lrhn`nk`D`nkvr -nss{ chjkek`t d{ stiol dk enssnjk R%?1E* {` NOBE r{ssk vk{t jhòkr vj{snk{rs sh%tkjjntks jckrs k` irbntk JKI. _ks ojnk`ts vhsssnòj{k`t jks Hckòks svhtnhjks arh`hnsk* hjjk%eh`dk* ksvhcìjk* h`cjhnsk kt hernohn`k* ehnsh{ssn jHckòk svhtnhjk k{rivk``k kt jh siont

hjjkeh`dk RhvndK~k. Jhqh`thck vi{r ok t~vk dkjhòk{r* oieek vi{r jks h{trks jhòk{rs r{ssks*kst kòirk {`k ains jk vrn}* ehns {`k crh`dk vrks%sni` sk}krok s{r jk ohjk`drnkr vrivis h{}ojnk`ts.D{ ot dks thts%[`ns* jks jhòk{rs x{n qnsk`t jkehrom dks vktnts shtkjjntks k` JKI si`t Enì%th{r N kt NQ * x{n si`t ti{tkains oi`shors h{}enssni`s n`stnt{tni``kjjks hernohn`ks < ktTh{%r{s ]J * x{n h s{bnt trins omkos s{r > jhòk%ek`ts dkv{ns 8>>44; . Ahjoi` 8 qnsk jks omhrcks{tnjks dk 466 lc* ehns si` s{ookssk{r-Ahjoi` 8 k sk rhvvriomk dks vkrairehòks dk Qkch -omhrcks dk 8 666 lc .Ahjoi` 8 k ahnt dhnjjk{rs jibgkt d{` hooird k`trk Hstrn{e kt_vhok] vi{r sh oieekronhjnshtni` k` K{rivkvi{r dks qijs n`stnt{tni``kjs k` 268; 41. Ti{tk%ains* h{o{` oi`trht dk jhòkek`t `k skebjk hqinrt snc`. Nj kst n`trkssh`t dk ìtkr x{Hstrn{ekst k` eek tkevs hotni``hnrk dHrnh`ksvhok43 7nj kst vissnbjk dnehcn`kr x{k* vhrtnr dk ehn`tk%`h`t* Htrn{e vrarkrh si{tk`nr jh oieekronhjn%shtni` dk Qkch. Jk vrn} trs oievtntna h`ìòvi{r jk Ahjoi` 8k -86*>E$4= vi{r 8 686 lc qkrs{s?2 E4> vi{r 8 ;66 lc dk Qkch s{r jk sntk kbdk _vhok] `k dkqrhnt okvk`dh`t vhs si{jkqkr dksvribjeks vi{r jks k{rivk`s* sh vrid{otni`th`t vi{r jk eiek`t hrrtk vi{r vkrekttrk jh siont dk sk oiòk`trkr s{r jks jhòk{rs ji{rd%s;6 .

K` Omn`k* jk jhòk{rJi`c{k Ehromk 1 qnsk jkehrom dks 8 666 lc 366 le dhjtnt{dk kt kstdqkjivv vi{r rvi`drk h{} k}nckòks `htni`h%jks dhoos rhvndk jksvhok. Kòirk k` vmhsk dkdqkjivvkek`t* ok jhòk{r skrh ivrhtni``kj k`268? i{ 2684. Jks oits dk vrid{otni` kt dkehn`%d{qrk rkjhtnqkek`t bhs jhnssk`t vk`skrx{nj shcnrh d{` rkj oiò{rrk`t vi{r Qkch. Njrkstkrh qinr sn ok jhòk{r skrh kaakotnqkek`tdnsvi`nbjk s{r jk ehrom n`tkr`htni`hj i{ snj sk%rh vj{tt oi`shor h{ ehrom n`tkr`k. Jk jhòk{rn`dnk` V_JQ -Vijhr _htkjjntk Jh{òm Qkmnojk *ivrhtni``kj dkv{ns 8>>4* h dg hooievjn dksenssni`s n`stnt{tni``kjjks kt eek enjnthnrksvi{r dks ci{qkr`kek`ts trh`ckrs ;8. Ok jhòk{rh t dqkjivv vi{r ekttrk k` irbntk dks shtkjjn%tks dk 8 666 lc {`k hjtnt{dk dk >66 le* t~vn%x{kek`t jks shtkjjntks n`dnk`s vi{r jibskrqhtni`dk jh Tkrrk -NR_* N`dnh` Rkeitk _k`sn`c;2 .Oiòkr`h`t jks jhòk{rs n`dnk`s kt omnìns* nj kstòksshnrk dk tk`nr oievtk dks kaakts dk jh vijntn%x{k dk oi`trjk dks k}virthtni`s hernohn`ks s{rjks vrid{nts kt oievish`ts sk`snbjks* ~ oievrnsdh`s jk diehn`k dks shtkjjntks. Okon h dks oi`s%x{kòks s{r jk ehrom dks jhòk{rs ohr jk rcnekdk oi`trjk dk}virthtni` hernohn` -NTHR ktjks shòtni`s nevisks jN`dk;? kt s{rti{t jhOmn`k kevomk`t oks dk{} vh~s dk jhòkr dks


6/14

1

shtkjjntks x{n `k sink`t vhs NTHR%arkk ;4 * okx{n kst jk ohs vi{r jh ehgirnt dks shtkjjntks ei`%dnh{}* ~ oievrns jks K{rivk`s;; .K` Nsrhj* jk jhòk{r jckr_MHQNT ;1 kst {tnjnsvrnònvhjkek`t vi{r jks enssni`s n`stnt{tni``kj%jks enjnthnrks `htni`hjks -shtkjjntks dk rk`sknc`k%ek`t IAKX ;3 .@hri%8 * i{ Lirkh Jh{òm _vhok Qkmnojk -L_JQkst {` jhòk{r jckr dqkjivv vhr jh Oirk d{_{d* k` oijjhbirhtni` hqko jh R{ssnk. Ok jhòk{rh kaakot{ dk{} qijs dksshn sh`s s{oos k` 266>kt 2686* jk trinsnek qij kst vricrhee vi{r2682;= . Vhr oi`sx{k`t ì{s `k vi{qi`s vhs k`%

oirk oi`sndrkr @hri%8 oieek {` qrnthbjkoiò{rrk`t dk Qkch* ehjcr jks snenjnt{dks dkjk{rs vkrairehòks.Kàn`* jk Ghvi` dqkjivvk hot{kjjkek`t jk jh`%ok{r jckr Kvsnji` -8*2 t k` JKI * di`t jk vrk%enkr jhòkek`t kst vrq{ k` 268? ;>. Nj shcnt d{`jhòk{r x{n k}vjintk dks tkomìjicnks trs eidkr%`ks vi{qh`t oi`d{nrk tkrek dks vkraireh`%oks hqhòks16. Rkstk shqinr sn ok jhòk{r hoo%dkrh h{ ehrom oieekronhj n`tkr`htni`hj -kts{rti{t x{kj vrn} i{ snj rkstkrh vj{tt oiòk`%tr s{r jk ehrom `htni`hj kt rcni`hj.Jtht dks jnk{} dks dnaark`ts jhòk{rs dk jh e%

Jhòk{r Vh~s Hqh`thcks s{r Qkch Dshqh`thcks

Riolit R{ssnk)Hjjkehc`k

bhs oit dk vrid{otni`)

Vrn} oievtntna

Anhbnjnt

Jnk` h{ ehrom k{rivk`

An` d{ stiol vriomk

Nj ivrkrh k` bhol {v dkQkch

_i{tnk` hjjkeh`d Qkch

Chrh`tnk dk jh dhtk dkjhòkek`t ahnbjk

Liseis?E

R{ssnk bhs oit dk vrid{otni`)Vrn} oievtntna

Vrid{otni` hrrtk* stiol dkNRBE v{ns

D`nkvr R{ssnk)[lrhn`kbhs oit dk vrid{otni`)

Vrn} oievtntna

X{hjnt 9

Chrh`tnk dk jh dhtk dkjhòkek`t ahnbjk

Enìth{rN h`d NQ

[_H Vrn} oievtntna 9Oi`shor h{ ehromn`stnt{tni``kj hernohn`

Th{r{s]J [_H

Anhbnjnt 9

Oi`shor h{ ehromn`stnt{tni``kj hernohn` 9

Ahjoi` 8kt 8k

[_H

Vrn} oievtntna 9

_i{tnk` dHstrn{e vi{r jhoieekronhjnshtni`

Vrid{otni` hrrtk vi{rjn`sth`t* _vhok] sk oiòk`trks{r jks h{trks jhòk{rs dk shahenjjk.

Hstrn{e si{tnk`drh%t%kjjkkòirk sh oieekronhjnshtni` 9

Omhrcks jcrks qi~hck`t

oieek vncc~ bhol s{rAhjoi` >

Thbjkh{ rohvnt{jhtna


7/14

3

ek ojhssk x{k Qkch* ei`trk x{nj k}nstk k` rhjntvk{ dk jhòk{rs ì` k{rivk`s -qinr thbjkh{ on%dkss{s x{n v{nssk`t trk rhnsi``hbjkek`toiò{rrk`ts dk Qkch -k` tkreks dk vkrairehòk*dnsvi`nbnjnt* anhbnjnt kt vrn} vi{r jk ehromn`stnt{tni``kj kt oieekronhj k` K{rivk. K` rk% qhòmk* jk}nstkòk d{`k iaark sn jhrck rk`d jho%os dk Qkch h{} ehroms hsnhtnx{ks* hernohn`skt ok{} dks vh~s ekrck`ts dnaanonjk. [` danhebntnk{} rkjkqkr* ehns òksshnrk vi{r dnqkr%snankr sks ojnk`ts kt `k vhs dvk`drk {`nx{kek`tdk jh dkeh`dk v{bjnx{k k{rivk``k x{n rnsx{kdk `k vhs trk s{aansh`tk.

Dans vi{r Qkch dh`s jneednht ktdh`s jks h``ks qk`nr

H{gi{rdm{n* jk dan vrnònvhj vi{r Qkch skrh dkoi`x{rnr {` ehrom s{aansheek`t jhrck. Vi{rokjh* Qkch dkqrh dei`trkr sks hqh`thcks hn`sn

x{k sh ohvhont ehn`tk`nr {` vrn} oievtntna.K` ok x{n oiòkr`k sh anhbnjnt kt dnsvi`nbnjnt* Hrnh`ksvhok dkqrh chrh`tnr {` en`ne{e dk jh`%okek`ts -2%? h{ ein`s vhr h`* skji` dks k}vkrt%

s18 . Ok x{n vkrekttrhnt chjkek`t dk ehn`tk`nrjh omh`k n`d{strnkjjk dk vrid{otni` k` hotnqnt.Jks jhòkek`ts n`stnt{tni``kjs -hckòks svhtnh%jks `htni`hjks kt K_H `k s{aanri`t vk{t%trk vhs ehn`tk`nr ok r~tmek* ok x{n snc`nank vi{r Hrnh%`ksvhok jh òkssnt dk r{ssnr ohvtkr {`k vhr%tnk d{ ehrom oieekronhj i{ n`stnt{tni``kj k}trhk{rivk`. Oiàri`tk s{r jk vjh` n`tkr`htni`hj {`k vijntnx{k dks vrn} trs hcrkssnqk12* Hrnh`ks%vhok dkqrh vk{t%trk ahnrk jh dnaarkòk k` chrh`%tnssh`t dks rvi`sks shtnsahnsh`tks h{} bksin`sdk sks ojnk`ts* k` tkreks dk skrqnok* oiàirt*ajk}nbnjnt. Vhr hnjjk{rs* Hrnh`ksvhok shvv{nk s{r{`k k}vrnkòk kt {` shqinr%ahnrk dqkjivvs vhrjh oieekronhjnshtni` d{ jhòk{r Hrnh`k di`t Qk%ch vi{rrhnt vriantkr.K` i{trk* jioohsni` d{ vriomhn` Oi`sknj en`ns%trnkj dk jK_H k` ìqkebrk 2682* vj{snk{rsx{kstni`s k` s{svk`s skri`t hbirdks kt okrthn%`ks dk`trks kjjks h{ri`t {` nevhot s{r Qkch ktsi` hqk`nr. [`k dk oks x{kstni`s oiòkr`k jh

vhrtnonvhtni` dk jHjjkehc`k* h{gi{rdm{n crh`dhbsk`t d{ vricrheek. K` dkmirs dhooritrk dkeh`nrk ì` `cjnckhbjk jh vhrtnonvhtni` h{ vri%crheek* hn`sn x{k si` an`hòkek`t* jh vhrtnonvh%

_mhqnt Nsrhj Oi`shor h{} enssni`s n`tkr`ks

Ji`c{kEhromk 1

Omn`k

bhs oit dk vrid{otni`)

Vrn} oievtntna

K` dqkjivvkek`t g{sx{k`2684

Oi`shor h{} enssni`sn`tkr`ks 9

Oi`trhn`tks d{ rcnek NTHR

V_JQ N`dkbhs oi{t dk vrid{otni`)

Vrn} oievtntna Oi`trhn`tk d{ rcnek NTHR 9

@hri 8Oirk d{_{d)R{ssnk

Anhbnjnt ì` dei`trk

Kvsnji` Ghvi`Vkrairehòks tkomìjicnx{kshqhòks 9

K` dqkjivvkek`t

_krh%t%nj oieekronhjns kìoondk`t 9 Vrn} oievtntna 9

_i~i{w h{O_C

R{ssnk)K_H Jhò dkv{ns jk O_C

Dnsvi`nbnjnt a{t{rk 9

vrn} a{t{r 9

Hrnh`ksvhok oi`tn`{krh vriviskr dks sij{tni`s vncc~bhol s{r _i~i{w9

_i{rok 7 jhbirhtni` vhr jh{tk{r dks nàirehtni`s dnsvi`nbjks s{r jks sntks iaanonkjs -n`stnt{tni`s kt n`d{strnks.kt jh vrkssk svonhjnsk


8/14

=

tni` dk jHjjkehc`k vkrekttrhnt dk j{n oiànkrchjkek`t jh ai{r`nt{rk dks vhrtnks d{ dkr`nkrthck dk Qkch -thck HQ[E 1?. Vi{r jks h{tirntsd{ qnk{} oi`tn`k`t* jk{rivh`nshtni` oievjtkdk Qkch kst {` qrnthbjk dan x{n dint trk rkjkq.K` kaakt* jks oievish`ts vrnònvh{} d{ dkr`nkrthck si`t vrid{nts h{gi{rdm{n k` [lrhn`k-eitk{r kt k` R{ssnk -rskrqinrs * kt ehjcr jksoi`trjks dk x{hjnt kt jks eks{rks vrnsks vi{rhss{rkr jh ai{r`nt{rk dks thcks k` tkevs {tnjks-ìtheek`t jh oieeh`dk dks ; thcks k` bjiovhr KJQ dh`s jk ohdrk d{ vricrheek QKRTH * njskrhnt vrarhbjk x{k Qkch v{nssk trk k`tnrk%ek`t K{rivk`. H{} ~k{} dks h{tirnts k{ri%vk``ks* jk{rivh`nshtni` oievjtk dint trkrkomkrom vi{r dks rhnsi`s dh{tiìenk* dn`d%vk`dhòk* ehns h{ssn vi{r {`k x{kstni` dk anhbn%jnt* han` dk rksvkotkr jks sth`dhrds kt jks vrio%d{rks dk jK_H. Nj rkstk `hèin`s eks{rkrjx{njnbrk k`trk jk bksin` dh{tiìenk s{r okr%thn`s jek`ts kt jks oi`trhn`tks oiìenx{ks.[` dk{}nek dissnkr s{r jh thbjk d{ Oi`sknj dkjK_H oiòkr`krh jh donsni`* i{ ì`* dk oi`sijn%dkr* qinrk dk ahnrk qij{kr ok jhòk{r. Jk ei`th`tdks rkssi{roks hjji{ks h{ vricrheek skrh d%tkren`h`t. I` vk{t s{vviskr x{k* dh`s jh snt{h%tni` oiìenx{k hot{kjjk* ok ei`th`t vi{rrhdvk`drk h{ssn dk jh donsni` dk an`hòkr -ktdh`s x{kjjk eks{rk jqij{tni` dHrnh`k ; i{si` s{ookssk{r.

Jqij{tni` d{ jhòk{r Qkch -thnjjk dk jh oinaak*ehssk dk jh omhrck {tnjk* kt h{trks x{n qnsk h{cek`tkr sks ohvhonts* dkqrhnt vkrekttrk d%jhrcnr jh cheek dks enssni`s n`stnt{tni``kjjks*k{rivk``ks 14 hn`sn x{k oieekronhjks. Vhren jksa{t{rs omh`ckek`ts httk`d{s* nj kst nevirth`t dkek`tni``kr x{k jks sionts nthjnk``k EBDH kt bkjck _vhokbkj dqkjivvk`t jk jicnonkj dk qij d{jhòk{r x{n rkevjhokrh jhot{kj* ai{r`n vhr Hs%trn{e vi{r jks dk{} vrkenkrs qijs sk{jkek`t.Okon vkrekttrh dqntkr jks rkthrds kt jks dnaan%o{jts rkòi`trks vhr KJQ h{ eiek`t d{ trh`s%akrt dk okttk tkomìjicnk dk jh Arhòk jNthjnk1; .Nj shcnt d{`k ivvirt{`nt trs n`trkssh`tk vi{rRiek* ohr okst jioohsni` dk dqkjivvkr h{ skn`dk jK_H dks tkomìjicnks ì{qkjjks kt strhtcn%x{ks. Vhr hnjjk{rs* jks s~steks dk c{ndhck* dk`hqnchtni` kt dk oi`trjk si`t vkr{s vhr jHck`%ok svhtnhjk nthjnk``k oieek òksshnrks vi{r{`k oievjtk ehtrnsk kt h{tiìenk dk sks oie%vtkòks s{r jks s~steks dk jhòkek`t. Okjhvkrekttrhnt chjkek`t jNthjnk dk enk{} ekttrkk` qhjk{r sks oievtkòks h{ skn` dk jK_H 11.Kàn`* jk dqkjivvkek`t d{ eitk{r V=6-vrkenkr thck dk Qkch * dh`s jk ohdrk dks s~`kr%cnks k}vjinthbjks* vi{rrh trk oi`sndr vi{r jksa{t{rks qij{tni`s dHrnh`k ;.Jk Oi`sknj en`nstrnkj dk jK_H skrh h{ssn jiooh%

sni` dk sk vkòmkr s{r jh x{kstni` d{ si{tnk` an%`hònkr hvvirt Hrnh`ksvhok13* hn`sn x{k s{rjks x{kstni`s rkjhtnqks sh ci{qkr`hòk kt siìrch`nshtni`. Ti{t okon h{rh okrthn`kek`t dksoi`sx{kòks s{r jhqk`nr dk jh siont kt s{r jhahenjjk dks jhòk{rs x{kjjk oieekronhjnsk* ~ oievrns Qkch.Kàn`* jh qk`tk dk jh siont Hqni* x{n dtnk`t jhehgirnt dk jh siont KJQ* kt x{n h omh`c dho%tni``hrnht ehgirnthnrk dk{} rkvrnsks oks dkr%`nkrs tkevs 1=* erntk {`k httk`tni` ti{tk vhrtn%o{jnrk. Jh qk`tk dHqni vhr On`qk` kst ì{qkh{ jirdrk d{ gi{r* dh`s {` eiek`t dk vrkssni` b{dcthnrk x{n `k vkrekt vhs h{} h{tirnts nth%jnk``ks dk dchckr jh sieek òksshnrk vi{rehn`tk`nr okttk ohvhont n`d{strnkjjk k`trk sksehn`s. Jh dnsvi`nbnjnt an`hònrk dk okrthn`svh~s kt jh vrskòk dks ai`ds dn`qkstnsskek`tsì` k{rivk`s n`trksss n`qkstnr k` K{rivkrk`dk`t jk vhsshck dHqni dh`s dks ehn`s ì`%k{rivk``ks ti{t ahnt vissnbjk* ek`hh`t jn`%dvk`dhòk d{ vricrheek* tkjjkek`t rkomkr%omk vhr hnjjk{rs.

Oiòj{sni`sJk 8? aqrnkr 2682 jk ì{qkh{ vktnt jhòk{r k{ri%vk` Qkch r{ssnsshnt si` qij n`h{c{rhj* dìe%e QQ68. Ok vricrheek dk jK_H* an`hò kèhgirnt vhr jNthjnk -;=*4 + kt hqko jh oi`trnb{%tni` dk sn} h{trks vh~s* kst jk rs{jtht dk vj{s dkdn} h`s dk rkomkromk kt dqkjivvkek`t* kt dinth{gi{rdm{n tri{qkr sh vjhok dh`s jk ehrom n`%tkr`htni`hj dks jhòk{rs jckrs. Jh dkeh`dk ktjiaark qij{k`t dh`s ok diehn`k. Ot dkeh`dk*jks tk`dhòks qkrs jh en`nht{rnshtni` dks tkomì%jicnks* jh rkomkromk dnàrhstr{ot{rks shtkjjnthnrkskt dks skrqnoks dk jhòkek`t bhs oit* vi{ssk`t qkrs jk dqkjivvkek`t dk shtkjjntks vj{s vktnts ktjckrs* ìtheek`t dh`s jks diehn`ks dk jibskr% qhtni` dk jh Tkrrk* dk jh sonkòk* dk jh tkomìji%cnk* kt okjh oi`trhnrkek`t vhr k}kevjk* h{ ehr%

om dks tjoiee{`nohtni`s oieekronhjks. Qkchth`t {` jhòk{r k{rivk`* ì{s vi{qi`s kstn%ekr x{nj h{rh {` hoos vrnqnjcn h{} enssni`sn`stnt{tni``kjjks -di`t jK_H kst jhotk{r vrnòn%vhj d{ oi`tn`k`t oiòkr`h`t jks shtkjjntks jckrsk` JKI kt x{n si`t kstnes 2%? enssni`s vhr h`vi{r jh vrnidk 268;%262;. K` ok x{n oiòkr`k jkehrom oieekronhj -vrnq i{ v{bjno n`tkr`htni%`hj * Qkch vi{rrh vriantkr d{` ehrom k` airtkqij{tni`* oi`dntni` x{k sh anhbnjnt oi`tn`{kdtrk dei`trk* x{k sh dnsvi`nbnjnt sint chrh`%tnk* kt x{k si` vrn} sint s{aansheek`t n`trkssh`t

vi{r chc`kr ahok jh oiò{rrkòk.D{ ot dk jiaark* jh oiò{rrkòk k{rivk``k ktn`tkr`htni`hjk k}nstk* ehns jk ìebrk dk jh`%ok{rs x{n i`t dei`tr* h{gi{rdm{n* jk{rs hqh`%


9/14

>

`hrnht d{ ehtrk d{qrk -jh siont KJQ* di`tìtheek`t Hqni dtnk`t 36 + dkqrh trk s{nqndk vrs. Nj skrhnt si{mhnthbjk dk ahnrk k` sirtk*eek dh`s jk ohs i jhotni``hrnht ehgirnthnrkdkqnk`drhnt ì`%k{rivk`* x{k Qkch rkstk {ì{tnj anhbjk kt dnsvi`nbjk vi{r rvi`drk h{} bk%sin`s n`stnt{tni``kjs k{rivk`s.K` oiòj{sni`* jh`hj~sk ekt k` qndkòk jks dna%ano{jts oiòrtks d{ vricrheek -dkeh`dk k{%rivk``k vkn`k s{aansh`tk* oiò{rrkòk j%trh`ckr kt dh`s okrthn`s ohs eek n`trh%cheek*jks dans rkjkqkr h{ vin`t x{k okjh ì{s he`k ì{s n`tkrrickr s{r jh qrhnk òkssnt jirncn`kdk ok vricrheek kt s{r jk s{oos dk si` hqk`nr.Ti{tkains* nj kst qndk`t x{k % dh`s {`k ivtnx{kk{rivk``k % jjhrcnsskek`t dk okrthn`ks oie%vtkòks tkomìjicnx{ks kt n`d{strnkjjks dksvh~s h{trks x{k jh Arhòk dkek{rk {` jek`tdk crh`d n`trt vijntnx{k kt strhtcnx{k vi{r jk qnk{} oi`tn`k`t. Jhox{nsntni` dk oks ohvhontsvhr jNthjnk oi`sijndk* k` kaakt* jh bhsk n`d{strnkjjkkt tkomìjicnx{k svhtnhjk dk jK{rivk kt rkàirokjnehck x{kjjk eh`k k` tkevs x{hotk{r dh`sok diehn`k* sh`s i{bjnkr x{k Qkch rkajtk jk qi%ji`thrnsek kt jk`chckek`t nthjnk` vi{r {` vrigktoieekò nj ~ h vrksx{k x{hrh`tk h`s.

thcks vhr rhvvirt Qkch skebjk trk vj{tt jnen%t. Jks jhòk{rs r{ssks -di`t jk stiol kst jnent *jk D`nkvr -k` vrid{otni` kt Ji`c{k Ehromk 1-kòirk k` vmhsk dk dqkjivvkek`t vk{qk`ttrk oi`sndrs oieek dks oiò{rrk`ts* ehnsh{ri`t dks dnaano{jts sneviskr s{r jk ehromk{rivk`. Okttk oiò{rrkòk rk`drh `hèin`sdnaanonjk jhoos dk Qkch h{} ehroms mirs K{ri%vk 7 nj shcnrh d{` dan rkjkqkr vi{r chrh`tnr ok jhòk{r {`k dkeh`dk dnqkrsnank* {` ìebrken`nehj dk qijs kt {`k ohdkòk ivtnehjk. H jioohsni` d{ Oi`sknj en`nstrnkj dk jK_H k`ìqkebrk 2682 {` okrthn` ìebrk dk x{kstni`soiòkr`h`t Qkch kt si` hqk`nr skri`t jirdrk d{ gi{r. Okrthn`ks dk`trk kjjks h{ri`t {` nevhotdnrkot s{r jh oi`x{tk d{ ehrom* oieek vhrk}kevjk okjjks oiòkr`h`t si` qij{tni` kt sksì{qkjjks ohvhonts -k` tkreks dk thnjjk kt ehsskdks omhrcks {tnjks* ehns chjkek`t k` tkreks dkvrn} d{ jhòk{r* vi{r jn`sth`t oievtntna ehnss{gkt {`k vissnbjk h{cek`thtni` s{ntk oks d%onsni`s . Dh{trks donsni`s oiòkr`k`t jk{ri%vh`nshtni` oievjtk d{ jhòk{r hqko jk`trk dkjHjjkehc`k dh`s jx{nvk hn`sn x{k jhqk`nr dH%rnh`ksvhok -k` tkreks dk si{tnk` an`hònkr kt dkci{qkr`hòk . Vi{ss vhr jh qiji`t dk rk`drk jkvricrheek Qkch tithjkek`t k{rivk`* jhotni`%

Jks ivn`ni`s k}vrneks non`k`chck`t x{k jh rksvi`shbnjnt

dk jk{r h{tk{r .

J{onh Ehrthj.ehrthFarstrhtkcnk.irc


10/14

86

H @ @ K ] K _

H``k}k 8

Dnstrnb{tni` d{ trhqhnj vi{r jk dqkjivvkek`t dk Qkch h{ skn` dk jx{nvk n`d{strnkjjk

_i{rok 7 K_H


11/14

88

H``k}k 2

Jh ahenjjk dks jh`ok{rs k{rivk`s

Ordnt 7 K_H)O@K_)Hrnh`ksvhok


12/14

82

H``k}k ?

Jhòkek`t dks shtkjjntks _k`tn`kjs 1>* h{ ; aqrnkr 2682

Ordnt 7 K_H)O@K_)Hrnh`ksvhok

_k`tn`kj _htkjjntk Jhòkek`t Jhòk{r Ehssk Irbntk

_8H 268? _i~i{w

2?66lc __I 1>?leB 268; 9

_2

H 268? Riolit -Qkch bhol {v.8266lc __I 3=1le

B 2684%2681 Qkch

_?H 268?

Riolit 9 -Qkch bhol

{v. 82;6 lc__I =84*;le

B 2684%2681 Qkch

_4

H kebhrx{s{r ETC%_8

268= -mirs enssni` Qkch. Vinds dkETC%_ 7?666 lc

CTIB kebhrx{s{r ETC%_2

2621 -mirs enssni` Qkch.

_; Vro{rsk{r 268; Qkch i{ Riolit ;46 lc JKI vijhnrk

kebhrx{s{r Ektiv_C

2626 -mirs enssni` Qkch.Vinds dkEktiv _C 7?666lc

JKI vijhnrk


13/14

8?

soh`k}%snc`k`t%{`%vhrtk`hrnht%k}oj{sna%virth`t%s{r%jks%drints%dk.mtej.22. H``k}k 2 h{ rhvvirt [`k strhtcnk ji`c tkrek vi{rjks jhòk{rs svhtnh{} k{rivk`s * iv. ont. Jk rhvvirt 2688

_vhok Trh`svirthtni` Airkohst * AHH 2688* iv. ont. vrqint{` `nqkh{ sthbjk dk 4 jhòkek`ts dks enssni`s sonkòkh`d k`cn`kkrn`c vhr h`.2?. K_H H``{hj Rkvirt 2686.

24. _ntk iaanonkj dk jK_H.2;. Vrkakrkòk smhjj bk crh`tkd ti jh{òmkrs rkakrrkd ti n` Hrtnojk QNNN.8 ia tmk K_H oi`qk`tni`* n` tmk aijji n`c irdkria vrnirnt~7 K_H dkqkjivkd jh{òmkrs* _i~{w jh{òmkr ivkr%htkd arie tmk O_C \U* itmkr jh{òmkrs. Rksij{tni` i` tmkkqij{tni` ia tmk K{rivkh` jh{òmkr skotir * hdivtkd i` 1 tm Dkokebkr 266;* K_H.21. Enssni` ji %oist s{r {` enori%shtkjjntk vi{r jibskrqh%tni` dk jh Tkrrk* dkqrhnt trk jhòk k` 2682 kt Qkch kst ka%akotnqkek`t jk oh`dndht ndhj vi{r jh ensk k` irbntk. Qinr 7sntk iaanonkj d{ OI_VHR* oient nthjnk`. 23. Jh enssni` HstkrindAn`dkr kst {`k enssni` hjjkeh`dkx{n h vi{r b{t vrnònvhj jndk`tnanohtni` dks ibgkts x{n onro{%jk`t vri}nent dk jh Tkrrk -N``kr Khrtm Ibgkots . Nj kstvrq{ x{k jk shtkjjntk -dk`qnri` 866 lc sint ens k` irbntk bhssk -__I k` 268?.2=. Ok`trk dt{dks svhtnhjks dk jh bnisvmrk* OK_BNI. Ens%tncrn kst {` enorishtkjjntk x{n ibskrqk dh`s jnàrhri{cktmkrenx{k mh{tk rsij{tni`* rhjnshbjk dnon 268;.2>. Hn`sn* Hrnh`k ; kt _i~i{w vk{qk`t trh`svirtkr dks shtkj%jntks vncc~ bhol * ok x{n vk{t sk trhd{nrk vhr {`k jcrkrd{otni` d{ vrn} d{ jhòkek`t vi{r jks ojnk`ts. _{ntk jk`trk dk Qkch dh`s jh ahenjjk k{rivk``k* Hrnh`ksvhokivrk trins jhòk{rs kt vk{t rvi`drk ti{t t~vk dk dkeh`%dk dk jhòkek`t. Nj kst jicnx{k dnehcn`kr x{Hrnh`ksvhokjnentkrh* qinr hrrtkrh jk trh`svirt k` eidk vncc~ bhol *vi{r ahqirnskr jh oieekronhjnshtni` dk Qkch. ?6. H``k}k 2 h{ rhvvirt [`k strhtcnk ji`c tkrek vi{rjks jhòk{rs svhtnh{} k{rivk`s * iv. ont.?8. Vnhì trnk``hjk dkjjk httnqnt* 2686%2682 * Hck`wnh _vh%wnhjk Nthjnh`h. ?2. K{risvhok * iv. ont.??. JHohdenk dk jHnr kt dk jKsvhok* dh`s si` rhvvirt2686* k`qnshck dh`s jks h``k qk`nr -268;%2626 x{k;6 + dks shtkjjntks k` CTI h{ri`t {`k ehssk k`trk 4 kt 1*;ti``ks k`qnri`* jk rksth`t* ;6 + x{nthbjkek`t rkvhrtnsk`trk jks ai{romkttks ?%4 ti``ks kt 1*;%86 ti``ks.?4. K` rksvkot jh dkeh`dk dk jK_H d{tnjnskr dks jhòk{rsk{rivk`s vi{r dks enssni`s k{rivk``ks. Oiee{`nx{dk vrkssk* Hrnh`ksvhok* 2 aqrnkr 2682.?;. [`k strhtcnk ji`c tkrek vi{r jks jhòk{rs svhtnh{} k{rivk`s * iv. ont. Jk`gk{ d{`k vijntnx{k K{rivk``k dksjhòk{rs 7 hss{rkr d{rhbjkek`t jK{rivk {` hoos h{ti%ìek jksvhok * B. Bncit < ^. dKsohtmh* J. Oijjkt%Bnjji`*Vhrns* 8= ehn 266>.[`k cheek dks jhòk{rs vi{r jK{ri%

vk* O@K_* Vrsk`thtni` Hrts kt etnkrs* 266>.?1. Qinr K{risvhok* iv. ont.?3. Eek sn oks omkos i`t k{ jnk{ k` ivrh`t dk Bhliì{r*kt i` vhs d{ O_C.?=. Vnhì trnk``hjk dkjjk httnqnt* 2686%2682 * Hck`wnh _vh%wnhjk Nthjnh`h.?>. Jk b{t dk dqkjivvkr {` jhòk{r x{n v{nssk trk oiev%tntna h t vi{rs{nqn dkv{ns jks vmhsks n`ntnhjks* k` k}vjinth`th{ eh}ne{e jks s~`krcnks hqko Hrnh`k -thbjnsskek`ts dkvrid{otni`* vhs dk tnr h{ O_C .46. Qkch k}vkotkd ti bk vrnok%oievktntnqk ntm R{ssnh`riolkts * _vhok @k s* 2? gh`qnkr 2682. _kji` A. Dk Vhsx{hjk*Dnrkotk{r dKJQ* jk vrn} oieekronhj dk Qkch skrh h{ti{r dk?2 E* kt vi{rrh bhnsskr 2> E.

8. @ie d{ vrigkt nthji%hernohn` vi{r jk jhòkek`t dksshtkjjntks sonk`tnanx{ks hqko jk jhòk{r hernohn` _oi{tdkv{ns jh vjhtk%airek nthjnk``k hòrk h{ jhrck d{ Lk`~h*x{n virtk jk eek ìe* {tnjnsk dk 8>13 8>==. Qinr sntkiaanonkj dk jH_N 7 Nj ok`tri svhwnhjk J{ncn Bricjni.2. Qkch7 tmk K{rivkh` sehjj jh{òmkr vricrheek * R.

Bhrbkrh kt _. Bnhòmn* K_H b{jjktn` 86>* aqrnkr 2662. ?. _ntk iaanonkj dk jK_H* Vrkss Lnt. Vi{r jh dnstrnb{tni` d{trhqhnj s{r jk vjh` n`d{strnkj* qinr h``k}k 8.4. Vrkenkr thck 7 V=6* dk{}nek thck 7 Wkanri 2?* trin%snek thck 7 Wkanri >. Qinr 7 sntk dk jK_H.;. Qinr h``k}k 2. 1. _ntk n`tkr`kt dk jK_H7 K{rivks Jh{òmkrs. 3. Nbndke. =. K_H* Hrnh`ksvhok kt KJQ i`t snc` jk oi`trht vi{r jhvrid{otni` dk 4 jhòk{rs dh`s jk ohdrk d{ vricrheek Qkrth k` skvtkebrk 2688.>. Qkrth vricrheek* sntk dk jK_H.

86. Oieek nj skrh k}vjnx{ vj{s thrd* Qkch kst hot{kjjk%ek`t oi`sndr {` jhòk{r dk rskrqk - bhol {v dkRilit vi{r jk jhòkek`t dk okrthn`s shtkjjntks _k`tn`kjs.88. Kt qnok%qkrsh 7 oks hvvjnohtni`s rkstk`t dien`h`tks k`JKI. [`k strhtcnk ji`c tkrek vi{r jks jhòk{rs svh%tnh{} k{rivk`s * Hohdenk dk jHnr kt dk jKsvhok* skv%tkebrk 2686.82. H``k}k 2 d{ rhvvirt [`k strhtcnk ji`c tkrek vi{rjks jhòk{rs svhtnh{} k{rivk`s * iv. ont. Qinr h{ssn K{ris%vhok Ahots h`d anc{rks 2688 .8?. K{risvhok* iv. ont. kt H``k}k 2 d{ rhvvirt[`k strht%cnk ji`c tkrek * iv. ont.84. Nbndke . Bnk` x{k jhrckek`t si{tk`{ vhr jk skotk{rv{bjno* h{} Kthts%[`ns jks n`ntnhtnqks oieek Ckik~k* Dncn%thj Cjibk vk{qk`t trk ontks. K` K{rivk -h{trks x{k jksk}vrnkòks dk VVV oieek Nàitkrrh* i{ dk oieekronhjn%shtni` dks nehcks* oieek k%Ckis jn`ntnhtnqk vrnqk dHs%trn{e vi{r jk an`hòkek`t tithj dk _VIT 1 kt 3 vk{t trkontk h{ssn. Tmk oieekronhj rkeitk sk`sn`c n`d{str~ nsomhrhotkrnwkd b~ sthbjk shtkjjntk rkvjhokek`t somkd{jkstmht ioo{r i` h ri{cmj~ skqk`%~khr o~ojk. Oieekronhjrkeitk sk`sn`c shtkjjntk jh{òm dkeh`d njj aj{ot{htk bkt kk` wkri ti ai{r vkr ~khr* ntm h` h``{hj hqkrhck ia i`k jh{òm vkr ~khr d{rn`c tmk airkohst vkrnid \2686%2626U. H vkhl n` tmk `{ebkr ia jh{òmks oh` bk skk` n`268; h`d 2681* rkajkotn`c vrigkotkd dkvji~ek`ts ia shtkj%jntks ivkrhtkd b~ Hstrn{e -Nàitkrrh * DncnthjCjibk* Cki%K~k* EDH* h`d RhvndK~k* n`2688 Oieekronhj _vhokTrh`svirthtni` airkohst * Akdkrhj Hqnhtni` hden`nstrh%tni`* ehn 2688.8;. Oi`trht snc` jk 84 dokebrk 2688 k`trk K_H kt Hrnh%`ksvhok. Jhooird vrqint h{ssn jk jhòkek`t dks shtkjjntks_k`tn`kjs 2H kt ?B hqko Qkch k` eidk dkbhl {v vi{rRiolit.81. K_H vrkss rkjkhsk* ` ?%26827 K_H#s `k Qkchjh{òmkr soirks s{ookss i` ehndk` ajncmt.83. _vhok @k s* > gh`qnkr 2682.8=. Qinr h``k}k ?.8>. 868*82 E dk qk`tks an`hjks vi{r jn`d{strnk svhtnhjkk{rivk``k k` 2686 qnk``k`t d{ skotk{r vrnq* vhr rhv%virt h{} 331*4? E x{n qnk``k`t d{ skotk{r v{bjno. K{%risvhok* iv.ont.

26. K{risvhok * iv. ont.28. _ntk n`tkr`kt Hstrn{e* mttv7)) .hstrn{e.khds.`kt)ar)vricrheek)jk%vricrheek%svit.mtej< mttv7)) .hstrn{e.khds.`k t)ar)ok`trkYvrkssk)hstrn{e%kt%

@itks


14/14

84

`kst vhs okrthn`k hqhnt oieek b{t jk dqkjivvkek`t dkdk{} jhòk{rs jckrs 7 JL 8 kt JL 2. ;3. _ntk n`tkr`kt Nsrhkj Hkrisvhok N`d{strnks. ;=. _i{tm Lirkh` Riolkt Ahnjs air tmk _koi`d Tnek* _vhok`k s* 84 G{n` 2686. Lirkh* R{ssnh ti jh{òm ?rd @hririolkt bkairk Iot.* Tmk Lirkh Tneks* 28 dokebrk 2688.;>. _ntk iaanonkj GH]H -Ghvh` Hkrisvhok K}vjirhtni` Hck`%o~ . 16. @itheek`t* jk ahnt x{nj sint dit dn`tkjjnckòk hrtnan%onkjjk 7 okttk tkomìjicnk vkrekttrh h{ jhòk{r dk oi`d{nrkdks oi`trjks kt dk qknjjkr s{r si` aiòtni``kek`t dk ahi`h{tiìek* k` snevjnanh`t jks vriod{rks x{n si`t kaakot{kshqh`t kt vk`dh`t {` jhòkek`t. Qinr H `k t~vk ia jh{òmqkmnojk7 h riolkt ntm hrtnanonhj n`tkjjnckòk * n`tkrqnk hqko ^hs{mnri Eirnth* Vrigkot eh`hckr Kvsnji` jh{òmkr* sntkiaanonhj GH]H.18. Jk`gk{ d{`k vijntnx{k k{rivk``k dk jhòk{rs* iv.ont. < [`k strhtcnk ji`c tkrek vi{r jks jhòk{rs svhtnh{} k{rivk`s* iv. ont.12. Jh dnaarkòk dk oit dk vrid{otni` k`trk jhòk{rs kstnevirth`tk* k` jnk` vhrtno{jnrkek`t hqko jks oits dk jhehn`%d{qrk mh{tkek`t x{hjnank kt dks ehtrnh{} dnaa%rk`ts skji` jks vh~s. Vhr hnjjk{rs* jks jhòk{rs k{rivk`ssi{aark`t d{ rhvvirt K{ri)dijjhr hernohn`* eek sn okrhvvirt kst h{gi{rdm{n vj{s ahqirhbjk x{h{vhrhqh`t.1?. K{rivkh`nwkd {vvkr sthck si{cmt air Qkch hs ehndk`

ajncmt `khrs * _vhok @k s* 23 gh`qnkr 2682.14. Qinr vhrhcrhvmk rkjhtna h{ ehrom dk Qkch* svonhjk%ek`t jk ehrom enjnthnrk. Jks vrigkts dqij{tni` dk Qkchnòj{k`t jk vricrheek Qksvh vi{r jhòkr g{sx{ 1 enori%shtkjjntks jh ains < vricrheek Qkch K8 vi{r 2*; t k` __I . _htkjjntks _k`tn`kjs 8O* 2O* ?O si`t vi{r jn`sth`t oi`sndrs kt ì` vhs hvvri{qs. _i{rok 7 OKI_ KIMh`dbiil.

Rktri{qkw ti{tk jhot{hjnt kt jks v{bjnohtni`s dk jh Ai`dhtni` vi{r jh Rkomkromk _trhtcnx{k s{r 7

S S S . A R _ T R H T K C N K . I R C

48. _ntk iaanonkj K{riolit. 42. _ntk iaanonkj K{riolit.4?. K_H oi`trhots K{riolit air t i sk`tn`kj jh{òmks *oiee{`nx{ dk vrkssk* sntk K{riolit* > aqrnkr 2682.44. 8;6 NOBE __%8> thnk`t dnsvi`nbjks k` stiol k` 8>>;._ntk iaanonkj K{riolit.4;. _ntk iaanonkj Irbnthj.41. Oiee{`nx{ dk vrkssk Hstrn{e* > skvtkebrk 2686.43. _ntk iaanonkj Hrnh`ksvhok.4=. _ntk iaanonkj _vhok].4>. Qkch k}vkotkd ti bk vrnok%oievktntnqk ntm R{ssnh`riolkts* _vhok @k s* 2? gh`qnkr 2682.;6. _vhok] v{ts Ahjoi` 8 i` nok * Hqnhtni` kkl* 2> skv%tkebrk 2688. K` i{trk* jk sntk _vhok] vronsk* ìthe%ek`t* x{k o{rrk`t vjh`s hrk air vh~jihds tmht i{jd aj~i` Ahjoi` 8 ti bk skrqkd b~ ajncmts i` tmk Ahjoi` >* {tnjnw%n`c k}okss ohvhont~ .;8. Qinr sntk iaanonkj dk jN_RI -N`dnh` _vhok rkskhrom Ir%ch`nwhtni` .;2. Qinr sntk iaanonkj dk jN_RI.

;?. Oks shòtni`s s{bnssk`t dks hssi{vjnsskek`ts 7 vi{rk}kevjk* k` 266>* M. Ojn`ti` h snc` {` Tkom`nohj _hak%c{hrd Hcrkkek`t x{n h vkrens jk jhòkek`t dk dk{} shtkj%jntks Hjckrnk`s HJ_HT 2H kt HJ_HT 2B* oi`tk`h`t dksoievish`ts hernohn`s. Qinr dojhrhtni` dk jHebhsshdkn`dnk``k Shsmn`cti`* Jh{òm ia Hjckrnh` shtkjjntks b~

N`dnh` _vhok Rkskhrom Irch`nshtni` -N_RI * 88 hit266>. ;4. Jks n`d{strnks k{rivk``ks* oieek Tmhjks* dqkjiv%vk`t dks nàrhstr{ot{rks svhtnhjks x{n `{tnjnsk`t vhs jksoievish`ts hernohn`s kt x{n vk{qk`t diò trk {tnjnss*k}virts* jhòs vhr dks vh~s tnkrs sh`s jnenthtni`s NTHR. Qinr h{ssn _ken%h``{hj jh{òm rkvirt* _vkonhj rkvirt7 NTHR%arkk shtkjjntks h`d tmknr nevhot i` tmk [_ jh{òmn`d{str~* Akdkrhj Hqnhtni` hden`nstrhtni`* Iotibkr 2686.;;. K{rivkh` svhok s~stkes mhqk h snc`nanoh`t smhrk ia oievi`k`ts h`d kx{nvek`t tmht hrk vrid{okd i{tsndkK{rivk* ehn`j~ n` tmk [_ -k.c. o{rrk`tj~* 16+ ia tmk kjko%tri`nos i` bihrd h` hqkrhck K{rivkh` shtkjjntk ns [_ ne%virtkd. . Tmksk ntkes hrk s{bgkot ti k}virt rkstrnotni`s*hooirdn`c ti tmk NTHR rkc{jhtni`*Oieenssni` oiee{%`nohtni` i` tmk a{t{rk n`qijqkek`t ia tmk K{rivkh` [`%ni` n` _vhok . Qinr h{ssn K{rivkh` Oievi`k`t n`ntnhtnqk *sntk iaanonkj dk jK_H* kt K{rivkh` _vhok hckò~ skkls tijkssk` nts dkvk`dkòk i` [_ vriv{jsni` vriqndkrs * _vhok@k s* Eh~ 266=.;1. Jk vricrheek JkiJn`l -di`t jh oi`tn`{nt ok gi{r

Documents

L’avenir de Vega : quel marché et quels défis pour le nouveau lanceur européen ?