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Lenin Central Museum, Moscow by Nikolai Seleznyov 47. TSENTRALNY MUZEY V. I. LENINA (Lenin Central Museum), PVIoscow. Hall devoted to the 1905 Revolution. 47. TSENTRALNY MOUZKÏ V. I. LKNINA (Musée central Lénine), Moscou. Salle consacrte à la révolution de 1905. -- I. In 1960, when the ninetieth anniversary of Lenin’s birth was celebrated, as many as 1,315,545 people visited the museum. Every continent is represented among the visitors and the total figures of attendance are impressive: 19,185 visitors in 19j9; more than 40,000 the next year; and jo,ooo in the year 1961. All in all, more than twenty million people have visited the museum since its foundation. 2. The presents include a crimson silk standard on which the words of the liaferria- fionale in the Czech language are embroidered in gold, presented by bloravian women in 1923, a shotgun presented by Tula gunsmiths, and a banner of the Paris Commune, brought in 1924 by a French delegation. 30 The Lenin Central Museum, founded on I j May I 93 6, stands in the heart of Moscow not far from the famous Red Square, a memorial to a great national hero. This building contains in its twenty-two halls several thousand exhibits relating to the life and work of the founder of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and organizer of the world‘s first Socialist State (fig. 47-49). The documents illustrate and explain Lenin’s thought and show how it was trans- lated into reality by the Soviet people in their building of a Communist society. They also reflect the influence of Lenin’s ideas on the socio-economic and cultural development of many countries. The Lenin Central Museum enjoys wide popularity among both Soviet and foreign visitors ; each day an uninterrupted stream of human beings has passed through its ha1ls.l Photographs, paintings and sculptures as well as the numerous gifts sent to Lenin from all parts of the world are on view.3 The reconstruction of Lenin’s living quarters and his Kremlin office and the display of his personal belongings all attest that he lived modestly. The museum halls contain the works of Lenin in which he worked out the plans for the construction of socialism. It was in technical progress and the development of Soviet Russia’s productive forces, putting into practical use all scientific achieve- ments, that Lenin, who took a great interest in natural sciences, saw the conditions for the triumph of socialism. Lenin’s document known as the Draft Plan of ScietitzJfc Reseurch Work indicated the path of development of science in the U.S.S.R. and outlined the tasks to be tackled in the field of productive forces; the electrification of Russia and the surveying and exploitation of its natural resources. A number of exhibits evoke Lenin’s activities during the preparatory period and in the actual events of the February and October Revolutions of 1917; in the period of civil war and foreign intervention; and during the period of peaceful socialist construction. Visitors pause at length to study the manuscript of Lenin’s appeal to the citizens of Russia, the first document issued by the Soviet Government after the October Revolution. Beside this is displayed Lenin’s Decree om Peace. This is a basic document for the work of the Communist Party and the Soviet Government. The triumph of Lenin’s teachings is illustrated in a separate hall of the museum. Exhibits here are concerned with the third Programme of the Communist Party, adopted byits Twenty-second Congress, theexecutionofwhichwill continue until 1980. Lectures on various topics are given in the museum for both Soviet and foreign visitors. The audience is informed about Lenin‘s life, his revolutionary activities and scientific and theoretical work, and also the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Party’s Programme, the international revolutionary move- ment, etc. Special seminars are held at which old Bolsheviks who worked with Lenin deliver lectures. The Lenin Central niIuseum carries on its work not only in ~Ioscow, but also has branch museums in Lenhgrad, Kiiv, Lvgv, Tbilisi, Baku and Ulyanovsk, and house-museums in ISuibyshev, Kazan, ShushenskoyeTUfa,PoJolsk, Gorki-Leninskie (a suburb of Moscow) @g. JO, jI)%nd other saces linked with renin’s lifeTnd work. Memorial museums exist in Leningrad and other places where he remained under- ground, hiding from agents of the Provisional Government before the October Revolution of I 9 I 7. The Lenin Central Museum has helped to open similar museums in Poland (Warsaw, Cracow, Poronin), in Czechoslovakia (Prague, Bratislava), in Finland (Tampere) and in Rumania (Bucharest). A permanent exhibition has been opened in the Rue Marie-Rose in Paris where he lived from 1909 to 1912.

Le Musée central Lénine, Moscou

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Page 1: Le Musée central Lénine, Moscou

Lenin Central Museum, Moscow

by Nikolai Seleznyov

47. TSENTRALNY MUZEY V. I. LENINA (Lenin Central Museum), PVIoscow. Hall devoted to the 1905 Revolution. 47. TSENTRALNY MOUZKÏ V. I. LKNINA (Musée central Lénine), Moscou. Salle consacrte à la révolution de 1905.

-- I. In 1960, when the ninetieth anniversary

of Lenin’s birth was celebrated, as many as 1,315,545 people visited the museum. Every continent is represented among the visitors and the total figures of attendance are impressive: 19,185 visitors in 19j9; more than 40,000 the next year; and jo,ooo in the year 1961. All in all, more than twenty million people have visited the museum since its foundation.

2. The presents include a crimson silk standard on which the words of the liaferria- fionale in the Czech language are embroidered in gold, presented by bloravian women in 1923, a shotgun presented by Tula gunsmiths, and a banner of the Paris Commune, brought in 1924 by a French delegation.

3 0

The Lenin Central Museum, founded on I j May I 93 6, stands in the heart of Moscow not far from the famous Red Square, a memorial to a great national hero.

This building contains in its twenty-two halls several thousand exhibits relating to the life and work of the founder of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and organizer of the world‘s first Socialist State (fig. 47-49).

The documents illustrate and explain Lenin’s thought and show how it was trans- lated into reality by the Soviet people in their building of a Communist society. They also reflect the influence of Lenin’s ideas on the socio-economic and cultural development of many countries.

The Lenin Central Museum enjoys wide popularity among both Soviet and foreign visitors ; each day an uninterrupted stream of human beings has passed through its ha1ls.l Photographs, paintings and sculptures as well as the numerous gifts sent to Lenin from all parts of the world are on view.3

The reconstruction of Lenin’s living quarters and his Kremlin office and the display of his personal belongings all attest that he lived modestly.

The museum halls contain the works of Lenin in which he worked out the plans for the construction of socialism. It was in technical progress and the development of Soviet Russia’s productive forces, putting into practical use all scientific achieve- ments, that Lenin, who took a great interest in natural sciences, saw the conditions for the triumph of socialism.

Lenin’s document known as the Draft Plan of ScietitzJfc Reseurch Work indicated the path of development of science in the U.S.S.R. and outlined the tasks to be tackled in the field of productive forces; the electrification of Russia and the surveying and exploitation of its natural resources.

A number of exhibits evoke Lenin’s activities during the preparatory period and in the actual events of the February and October Revolutions of 1917; in the period of civil war and foreign intervention; and during the period of peaceful socialist construction.

Visitors pause at length to study the manuscript of Lenin’s appeal to the citizens of Russia, the first document issued by the Soviet Government after the October Revolution. Beside this is displayed Lenin’s Decree om Peace. This is a basic document for the work of the Communist Party and the Soviet Government.

The triumph of Lenin’s teachings is illustrated in a separate hall of the museum. Exhibits here are concerned with the third Programme of the Communist Party, adopted byits Twenty-second Congress, theexecutionofwhichwill continue until 1980.

Lectures on various topics are given in the museum for both Soviet and foreign visitors. The audience is informed about Lenin‘s life, his revolutionary activities and scientific and theoretical work, and also the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Party’s Programme, the international revolutionary move- ment, etc. Special seminars are held at which old Bolsheviks who worked with Lenin deliver lectures.

The Lenin Central niIuseum carries on its work not only in ~Ioscow, but also has branch museums in Lenhgrad, Kiiv, Lvgv, Tbilisi, Baku and Ulyanovsk, and house-museums in ISuibyshev, Kazan, ShushenskoyeTUfa, PoJolsk, Gorki-Leninskie (a suburb of Moscow) @g. JO, jI)%nd other saces linked with renin’s lifeTnd work. Memorial museums exist in Leningrad and other places where he remained under- ground, hiding from agents of the Provisional Government before the October Revolution of I 9 I 7.

The Lenin Central Museum has helped to open similar museums in Poland (Warsaw, Cracow, Poronin), in Czechoslovakia (Prague, Bratislava), in Finland (Tampere) and in Rumania (Bucharest). A permanent exhibition has been opened in the Rue Marie-Rose in Paris where he lived from 1909 to 1912.

Page 2: Le Musée central Lénine, Moscou

All this extensive and diverse work conducted by the Central Museum is designed to illustrate more fully the significance of Lenin’s heritage.3

The many foreigners who come to the museum have been unanimous in declaring that even this brief acquaintance with Lenin has been an enriching experience enabling them to see world events in a different light.

[TrffnJ’atedfrom Rz‘JJia’]

___ 3 . Lenin’s works are published in the U.S.S.R.

in ninety-two languages : sixty-four languages of the peoples of the U.S.S.R. and ta,enty-eight languages of peoples of foreign countries. The aggregate printings of his works in the U.S.S.R. in the period 1917-1961 total 311,7q,ooo copies. According to Unesco surveys, they head the list of works translated throughout the world.

48. TSENTRALNY MUZEY V. I. LENINA (Lenin Central Museum), ~Ioscow. Hall devoted to the October Socialist Revolution. 48. TSENTRALNY RiIouzEï v. I. LENINA (Musée central Lénine), Moscou. Salle consacrée à la révolution socialiste d’octobre.

Le Musée central Lénine, Moscou

Au cœur de h~foscou, non loin de la place Rouge, s’élève le Musée -.. central Lénine, inauguré le I 5 mai 1936 à la mémoire du grand héros national.

Dans vingt-deux salles de ce bâtiment se trouvent plusieurs milliers d‘objets évoquant la vie et les travaux du fondateur du Parti communiste de l’Union sovié- tique, de l’organisateur du premier État socialiste du monde (fig. 47-49).

Les documents présentés illustrent et expliquent la pensée de Lénine, montrent comment le peuple soviétique s’en est inspiré pour édifier la société communiste. Ils reflètent également l’influence de ses idées sur le développement social, économique et culturel de bien d’autres pays.

Le musée jouit d’une large popularité parmi les Soviétiques et les visiteurs étran- pers. Chaque jour, un flot humain ininterrompu s’écoule à travers ses locauxl.

Des photos, des tableaux, des sculptures et les nombreux cadeaux adressés à Lénine de toutes les régions du monde sont exposés3.

La reconstitution du logement de Lénine, de son bureau au Kremlin, et ses objets personnels attestent qu’il menait une vie très modeste.

Le musée possède les ouvrages de Lénine, où le plan $édification du socialisme est exposé. Lénine, qui s’intéressait beaucoup aux sciences exactes et naturelles, voyait dans le progrès technique, dans le développement des forces productives de la Russie soviétique et dans l’application de toutes les réalisations de la science, les conditions du triomphe du socialisme.

Le document léniniste intitulé Ébat/ches dit plart de traunm sciettt$qaeeS e t tecbtziqzes indique les moyens de développer la science en URSS. I1 souligne les tâches à accom- plir dans le domaine des forces productives : électrification de la Russie, prospection et utilisation des ressources naturelles.

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par Nikolai Selexnyov

I. En 1960, année de la commémoration du 90e anniversaire de la naissance de Lénine, le musée a reçu I 315 545 visites. En 1959, 19 185 hangers venus de cinq continents ont visité le musée, en I$O, plus de 40 o00 et en 1961, environ 5 0 000. Depuis sa fondation, le musée a reçu plus de vingt millions de visiteurs.

2. Parmi ces cadeaux figurent une bannikre de soie rouge, avec les paroles de l’lnfernationab en langue tchkque, brodées en or (présent fait à Lbnine, en 1923, par les femmes de Moravie), un fusil que lui offrirent les ouvriers de Toula, une bannikre des communards de Paris, remise en 1924 par une délégation française. 7 0

Page 3: Le Musée central Lénine, Moscou

49. TSENTRALNY MUZEY V. I. LENINA (Lenin Central Museum), Moscow. Schoolchildren examine the globe showing the places urhere Lenin works were published.

central Lénine), Moscou. Des tcoliers en visite examinent un globe terrestre indiquant les lieux de publication des œuvres de Lénine.

49. TSENTRALNY MOUZEÏ v. I. LENIN.4 (¡!/fuste

JO. DoM-hfuZEY LENINA, Gorki-Leninskiye. Main building of Lenin's house. JO. DOME-hrOUZEÏ LENINA, Gorki- Leninslde. Bâtiment principal de la maison de Lénine.

JI. DOM-MUZEY LENINA, Gorki-Leninskiye. Lenin's desk in the winter room of his house. I r . DOME-MOUZEÏ LENINA, Gorki-Leninskiïe. Bureau de Lénine dans la chambre d'hiver de sa maison.

3 . En URSS, les œuvres de Lénine sont tditées dans 92 langues : G4 langues de peuples de l'URSS et 28 langues de peuples ttrangers. Le tirage global de ses ouvrages, tditts en URSS de 1917 à 1961, s'tltve à 311 729 o00 exemplaires. D'après l'Index franslafdonwn., ils occupent la première place parmi les œuvres traduites dans le monde entier.

Plusieurs documents et objets évoquent l'activité de Lénine dans la période de préparation et au cours des révolutions de février et d'octobre 1917, dans les années de la guerre civile et de l'intervention étrangère, dans la période pacifique de l'édi- fication socialiste.

Les visiteurs peuvent étudier longuement le manuscrit de Lénine Appel mix c i tqem de In &mie, premier document du pouvoir soviétique après la révolution d'octobre. A côté de celui-ci est exposé le décret léniniste sur la paix, base de l'activité du Parti communiste et du gouvernement soviétique.

Dans une salle à part, on voit des documents qui témoignent du triomphe de la doctrine léniniste: ils ont trait au troisième programme du Parti communiste, adopté lors de son zze Congrès et dont la réalisation doit s'étendre jusqu'en 1980.

Le musée organise, à l'intention des visiteurs et notamment des touristes étran- gers, des conférences qui font connaître la vie de Lénine, son activité de révolution- naire, de savant, de théoricien, l'histoire et les programmes du Parti communiste, le mouvement révolutionnaire international, etc. Des séminaires ont également lieu auxquels participent les vieux bolchévilis qui travaillèrent aux côtés de Lénine.

L'activité du Musée central s'exerce non seulement à MOSCOU, mais aussi à Lenin- grad, Kiev, Lvov, Tbilissi, Bakou et Oulianovsk, où il a des sections, ainsi que dans les maisons-musées aménagées dans les lieux qui furent témoins de la vie et de l'activité de Lénine : Koui-ev, Kazan, Chouchenskoié, Oufa, Podolsk, Gorki- Leninskié aux environs de Moscou (figT J O - J I ) , e m y a éslemenrdes musées coKmémoratifs à Leningrad et partout où Lénine se réfugia pour échapper aux agents du gouvernement provisoire, à la veille de la révolution d'octobre.

Avec l'aide du Musée central, des musées Lénine ont été organisés en Pologne, (Varsovie, Cracovie, Poronino), en Tch=quie (Prsgue, Bratislava), en Fin- lan& (Tams;), en RouEanie (Bucarest). Une ex-n permane2e a été montée à cr i s , dans la maison de la rue Marie-Rose, où Lénine vécut de 1909 à I~I/

Tout ce travail aux multiples aspects accompli par le musée vise à montrer mieux et plus complètement la portée de l'héritage spirituel de Lénine3.

Les nombreux touristes étrangers, après la visite du musée, sont unanimes pour déclarer que, grâce à ce bref regard jeté sur la vie de Lénine, ils ont enrichi leur expérience et pu voir les événements mondiaux sous un jour nouveau.

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