8/14/2019 Leon - Les modaux

1/3

MODAUX ET FORMES DESUBSTITUTION

POSSIBILITE /

CAPACITE

physique, matrielle,intellectuelle

CAN (Prsent) + Verbed'action

COULD(Pass) (engnral)

I canlend you $5. I canswim.

I couldoften jog last year.

Forme de substitution : BE ABLE (TO) He will be able todo it.

IMPOSSIBILITE /

INCAPACITE

physique, matrielle,intellectuelle

CAN'T (Prsent) + Verbed'actionCOULDN'T (Pass) (engnral)

I can't hear you.

I couldn'tfind my keys.

Forme de substitution : NOT TO BE ABLE TO He wasn't ableto find hiskey.

OBLIGATION MUST (Prsent) I muststay with mymother

Forme de substitution : HAVE (TO)

HAVE GOT (TO) (Prsent)

BE (TO)

BE SUPPOSED (TO)

I will have tostay withmy mother.

I've got tofind it now !

You were not totellanyone !

We were supposed to

behave ourselves.ABSENCE

D'OBLIGATIONNOT TO HAVE TO

NEEDN'T

You don't have togo toschool.

You needn'tworry, theywill come.

AUTORISATION /

PERMISSION

Habituelle :

Officielle :

CAN (Prsent)

COULD(Pass)

MAY (Prsent)

MIGHT (Pass)

CanI use your phone?

I told him he couldborrow my car.

Visitors maytake photos.

He said visitors mighttake photos.

Forme de substitution : BE ALLOWED (TO) They will be allowed totake photos.

INTERDICTION MUSTN'T (Prsent)

CAN'T (Prsent)

MAY NOT (Prsent)

You mustn'tbe late.

You can'tgo out tonight !

You may notspeak tostrangers !

8/14/2019 Leon - Les modaux

2/3

Forme de substitution : NOT TO BE ALLOWED TO

NOT TO BE SUPPOSED TO

You won't be allowedtosmoke there.

You're not supposed tocheat !

SOUHAIT WOULD (LIKE TO)

COULD

COULD HAVE + participe

pass

Iwould like togo outwith him.

If only I couldstay.

If only he could havestayed.

CONSEIL / SUGGESTION SHOULD

COULD

MIGHT

OUGHT (NOT) (TO)

You shouldtell him thetruth.

We couldgo to themovies.

You might/ couldbemore patient.

You ought tolisten toyour parents.

REPROCHE / REGRET SHOULD HAVE

COULD HAVE +

participe pass

MIGHT HAVE

You should have toldusabout him.

You could havestudiedharder !

He might havewaited forme !

DANS LES QUESTIONS :

PROPOSITIONS / OFFRES

SHALL + I, We

WILL

ShallI help you?

Willyou have dinner withus?

REQUETES POLIES WOULD

COULD

Wouldyou agree to playwith us?

Couldyou open thewindow?

ACCEPTATION WILL

WOULD

She willsee you, I'm sure.

I knew she wouldseeyou.

REFUS WON'T

WOULDN'T

No, I won'tsee anyone.

I insisted, but she

wouldn't help me.ACTION REPETEE DANS WOULD We wouldgo to the

8/14/2019 Leon - Les modaux

3/3

LE PASSE movies from time to time.

LES DEGRES DE PROBABILITE

Forte probabilit MUST # CAN'T He mustbe sixty. He can'tbe soold !

Forte probabilit (phrases

affirmatives)

WILL The bell is ringing, that will/

wouldbe John.Comportement fort

probable, tendanceWOULD She wouldbe about seventy when

she died.

Probabilit attnue SHOULD They shouldbe home by now.

Probabilit moyenne,

"neutre" (gnral)

Incertitude, ventualit

(spcifique)

Forme de substitution :

CAN

MAY

( NOT) TO BE

LIKELY (TO)

What canshe be doing? She canbe sleeping.

It maybe sunny tomorrow.

They're(un)likely tocome.

Possibilit, avec nuance de

douteCOULD He couldbe lying, who knows?

Grande incertitude, doute MIGHT Take an umbrella, itmightrain.