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Ofq Agetphtq df @hko hv Lhpga

Dëikektkge dv Ogvhjf df Abgqf

 ^hphjph~bf 8 = ofq ahphatâpfq dv agetpht =

Ve afpthke egl`pf df ahphatâpfq pëqvotfet df oh dëikektkge df ogvhjf df oh abgqf dgeeë ~hp o‛hptkaof 90:%

H = ve agetpht ageqfeqvfo =

, of ~pkeak~f = of ogvhjf df abgqf qf igplf df oh pfeagetpf dfq ygogetëq hyhet tgvtf ~pkqf df ~gqqfqqkge ft qheqhvavef igplhoktë "hptkaof 902+% , o‛fraf~tkge = o‛hptkaof 90; frkjf ve ëapkt ~gvp oh ageaovqkge df `hvr d‛kllfv`ofq‛koq qget ihkt ~gvp ~ovq d‛vef heeëf%

@ = ve agetpht î tktpf geëpfvr =

Of `hko fqt dâq qh ehkqqheaf ve agetpht î tktpf geëpfvr of ~pkr î ~h{fp fe ëabhejf df oh abgqf ogvëf q‛h~~foof og{fp%Ko dfykfet kedflektë d‛gaav~htkge q‛ko fqt dó ~hp ve gaav~het df ifplhjf q‛ko q‛hjkt d‛vef ifplf gv d‛veffr~ogkthtkge pvphof%Of `hko qv~~gqf dgea ve ~pkr fe pëlveëphtkge dv qfpykaf pfedv ~hp oh lkqf df oh abgqf î oh dkq~gqktkge dv~pfefvp% Qk of ~pkr df ogvhjf e‛h ~hq ëtë qtk~voë ~hp ofq ~hptkfq o‛hptkaof 914 dkq~gqf £ foofq qget ~pëqvlëfq feqvktfq‛fe ítpf pflkqfq hv ~pkr agvphet ~phtkxvë ~gvp ofq abgqfq df lílf ehtvpf dheq of okfv dv agetpht 3 q‛ko frkqtf vefthrf gv thpki foofq qget afeqëfq q‛ítpf ph~~gptëfq hv thpki gv î oh thrf ³% Lhkq agllf ~gvp oh yfetf ko e‛fqt ~hqeëafqqhkpf xvf of ~pkr qgkt dëtfplkeë dheq of agetpht ko qviikt xv‛ko qgkt dëtfplkeh`of% Oh ~ov~hpt dv tfl~q of og{fpfqt ikrë fe hpjfet lhkq af e‛fqt ~hq eëafqqhkpf/ fe fiift agetphkpflfet î oh yfetf ko ~fvt ítpf ageyfev d‛ve ~pkr fedfepëf%

A = ve agetpht q{ehoohjlhtkxvf =

Of agetpht df ogvhjf ihkt ehåtpf dfq g`okjhtkgeq pëak~pgxvfq î oh abhpjf dv `hkoofvp ft dv ~pfefvp thedkq xvf of

 `hkoofvp dgkt dëokypfp oh abgqf ogvëf ft oh jhphetkp "hptkaof 916+/ of ~pfefvp dgkt ~h{fp of og{fp df ifplhjf/ ageqfpyfpft vqfp oh abgqf ogvëf qvkyhet qh dfqtkehtkge "hptkaof 991+%

D = ve agetpht î frëavtkge qvaafqqkyf =

Dfq g`okjhtkgeq agetkevfq ~âqfet qvp of `hkoofvp ft of ~pfefvp lílf qk of og{fp ~fvt ítpf ~h{ë fe vef qfvof igkqo‛g`okjhtkge dv `hkoofvp î qhygkp lfttpf ft lhketfekp oh abgqf î oh dkq~gqktkge dv ~pfefvp qv`qkqtf eëafqqhkpflfet~fedhet tgvtf oh dvpëf dv `hko ko fe fqt df lílf df oh dfvrkâlf g`okjhtkge xvk ~âqf qvp of ~pfefvp î qhygkp o‛vqhjfft oh ageqfpyhtkge df oh abgqf ogvëf qfoge qh dfqtkehtkge%

 ^hphjph~bf 0 = dkqtkeatkge dv `hko ft d‛hvtpfq agetphtq ygkqkeq =

H = dkqtkeatkge dv `hko ft df oh yfetf =Of `hko ft oh yfetf get ve afpthkeq egl`pf df ahphatâpfq agllveq o‛ve ft o‛hvtpf qget ageqfeqvfoq/q{ehoohjlhtkxvfq ft geëpfvr% ^hp frfl~of = dfq dkq~gqktkgeq yhoh`ofq î o‛g`mft df oh yfetf qget hvqqk h~~okah`ofq hv `hko ~gvp of yfedfvp fqt tfev df jhphetkp ofq ykafq ahabëq/ ofq dkq~gqktkgeq pfohtkyfq î oh dëokypheaf df oh abgqf ogvëfqget fl~pvetëfq hvr pâjofq h~~okah`ofq î oh yfetf%

Lhkq oh dkiiëpfeaf fqqfetkfoof fetpf ofq dfvr agetphtq fqt xvf oh yfetf h ~gvp fiift df tpheqiëpfp oh ~pg~pkëtë df ohabgqf yfedvf hogpq xvf of `hko lft qfvoflfet î oh abhpjf dv `hkoofvp o‛g`okjhtkge df ~pgavpfp tfl~gphkpflfeto‛vqhjf gv oh mgvkqqheaf df oh abgqf% Hkeqk o‛g`mft dv tpheqifpt e‛fqt ~hq of lílf/ hogpq xvf o‛habftfvp haxvkâpf vedpgkt pëfo qvp oh abgqf of ~pfefvp e‛h xv‛ve dpgkt ~fpqgeefo î o‛feagetpf dv `hkoofvp% Ve hvtpf ~gket dkiiëpfeakf oh yfetf dv `hko hogpq xvf ofq g`okjhtkgeq dv yfedfvp ft df o‛habftfvp qget keqthetheëfq afoofq dv `hkoofvp ft dv~pfefvp qget qvaafqqkyfq%

Lhkq oh dkqtkeatkge fetpf of ogvhjf d‛vef abgqf gv oh yfetf df qfq ipvktq ft df qfq ~pgdvktq e‛fqt ~hq tgvmgvpq hkqëfxvgkxv‛ko fe qgkt ofq mvjfq ef qget ~hq tfevq ~hp ofq xvhokikahtkgeq dgeeëfq ~hp ofq agetphathetq ko h~~hptkfet hvtpk`veho df pfabfpabfp of yëpkth`of ehtvpf dv agetpht fe tfehet agl~tf df tgvq ofq ëoëlfetq df ehtvpf î pëyëofp oft{~f dv agetpht qgkt yfetf qgkt `hko% Oh mvpkq~pvdfeaf lhpgahkef ~hp frfl~of h ageqkdëpë agllf ëthet vef yfetf

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ft ege vef ogahtkge oh ageyfetkge xvk haagpdf of dpgkt d‛frtphkpf ofq ~pgdvktq df oh abgqf o‛frtphatkge dklkevhet ohqv`qtheaf df oh abgqf% Qk o‛habftfvp h `fqgke fe lílf tfl~q df oh mgvkqqheaf dv tfpphke/ hv agetpht df yfetf dfq~pgdvktq q‛hmgvtf ve ogvhjf dv tfpphke%

@ = dkqtkeatkge dv ogvhjf ft df dë~ôt =

Of ogvhjf qf dkqtkejvf dv dë~ôt fe af xvf af dfpekfp h ~gvp g`mft oh jhpdf ~hp of dë~gqkthkpf d‛vef abgqf xvk dfyphítpf pfqtktvëf hv dë~gqhet% Lhkq ko e‛fqt ~hq tgvmgvpq ihakof df dkqtkejvfp ofq dfvr keqtktvtkgeq% ^hp frfl~of oh mvpkq~pvdfeaf ipheêhkqf bëqktf tgvmgvpq qvp oh ehtvpf mvpkdkxvf dv agetpht dv agiipf igpt% Fe fiift `kfe xv‛ge ovkdgeef qgvyfet fe ~phtkxvf oh dëeglkehtkge df agiipf igpt oh dgatpkef agllf oh mvpkq~pvdfeaf ipheêhkqf bëqktffetpf oh xvhokikahtkge df ogvhjf ft afoof df dë~ôt%^gvp qgvtfekp oh xvhokikahtkge dv ogvhjf ge hyheaf ofq hpjvlfetq qvkyhetq =

, d‛vef ~hpt of aokfet g`tkfet lg{feehet ve yfpqflfet lfeqvfo ~hp frfl~of qfl oh`of î ve og{fp ohdkq~gqktkge d‛ve agiipf igpt%

, d‛hvtpf ~hpt ko ef ~fvt { hygkp dë~ôt ~hpaf xvf oh `hexvf ef pfêgkt ~hq dfq g`mftq lhkq qf `gpef î ~fplfttpfî qge aokfet df ofq ~ohafp dheq ofq agiipfq igptq% Keyfpqflfet foof ef ofq pfqtktvf ~hq lhkq ohkqqf of aokfet ofqpf~pfedpf%

, feike hmgvtf,t,ge of dë~ôt fqt jphtvkt hogpq xvf of agetpht df agiipf igpt fqt pëlveëpë%, H o‛keyfpqf ~gvp qgvtfekp oh tbâqf qfoge ohxvfoof ko q‛hjkt d‛ve agetpht df dë~ôt ge hyheaf xvf o‛g`okjhtkge

df qvpyfkooheaf xvk e‛fqt xv‛ve haafqqgkpf fe lhtkâpf df `hko fqt hv agetphkpf igedhlfetho dheq of agetpht

df dë~ôt%, ofq ~hptkqheq df afttf tbâqf hmgvtf xvf of dë~ôt e‛kl~okxvf ~hq eëafqqhkpflfet vef pflkqf df oh abgqf hvr

lhkeq dv dë~gqkthkpf ek oh pfqtktvtkge ~hp afoof,ak%, Of agdf akyko ipheêhkq tgvt agllf of D%G%A ~pëygkt lílf xvf of dë~ôt dheq ve agiipf ifplë gv qgvq vef

feyfog~~f ahabftëf df qgptf xvf dheq af ahq of dë~gqkthkpf kjegpf o‛g`mft dv agetpht%, feike hmgvtf afq lílf hvtfvpq ve dë~ôt ~fvt ítpf pëlveëpë%

Oh agvp df ahqqhtkge ipheêhkqf foof,lílf qk foof dëaohpf xv‛ko q‛hjkt d‛ve yëpkth`of agetpht df ogvhjf qgvlft ofagetpht î ve pëjklf ~ovq ~pgabf dv dë~ôt/ ~hp frfl~of foof hdlft xvf oh `hexvf fqt df ~ofke dpgkt pfq~geqh`of dfoh dëtëpkgphtkge gv df oh ~fptf dfq g`mftq dë~gqëq af xvk h`gvtkt î ~pëqvlfp qh ihvtf hogpq xvf oh ihvtf dv `hkoofvpef o‛fqt ~hq/ df lílf tgvt fe xvhokikhet of agetpht df ogvhjf foof of dëehtvpf fe hmgvthet xv‛ve tfo agetphtagl~gptf vef g`okjhtkge ~hptkavokâpf df qvpyfkooheaf%

Oh Ehtvpf Mvpkdkxvf dv dpgkt df ^pfefvp =

 ^hphjph~bf 8 = of dpgkt ~fpqgeefo dv ~pfefvp =

Ge q‛fqt ~gqhkt oh xvfqtkge df qhygkp qk of dpgkt dv ~pfefvp fqt ve dpgkt pëfo gv ~fpqgeefo/ î oh ofatvpf df o‛hptkaof9;4 dv D%G%A ko q‛hjkt ~ovtôt d‛ve dpgkt ~fpqgeefo fe fiift hvr tfplfq df af tfrtf £ of agetpht df ogvhjf e‛fqt ~hqpëqgov ~hp o‛hokëehtkge ygogethkpf gv igpaëf df oh abgqf ogvëf% Of egvyfhv ~pg~pkëthkpf fqt qv`pgjë î tgvq ofq dpgktqft î tgvtfq ofq g`okjhtkgeq df qge hvtfvp pëqvothet dfq ogahtkgeq ft `hvr fe agvpq q‛koq qget ihkt qheq iphvdf ft getdhtf afpthkef hetëpkfvpf î o‛hokëehtkge ³%

Ko fe pëqvotf xvf tgvtfq ofq g`okjhtkgeq pëak~pgxvfq eëfq dv `hko okfet o‛haxvëpfvp ft of ~pfefvp agllf foofq okfet ofq

~hptkfq ~pklktkyfq/ o‛g`okjhtkge yh dgea okfp dfq ~fpqgeefq xvk e‛ëthkfet ~hq ~hptkfq dheq of agetpht î o‛gpkjkef% Tgvtqf ~hqqf fe ihkt agllf qk of `hko hyfa tgvtfq qfq g`okjhtkgeq hyhkt ëtë ageaov fetpf o‛haxvëpfvp ft of ~pfefvp/o‛haxvëpfvp dfykfet hkeqk apëheakfp dv ogahthkpf%

Ko q‛hjkt dgea `kfe hkeqk dv ahphatâpf ~fpqgeefo dv dpgkt df ~pfefvp of egvyfhv ~pg~pkëthkpf fqt qv`pgjë î tgvq ofqdpgktq ft î tgvtfq ofq g`okjhtkgeq df qge hvtfvp of ~pfefvp h ve dpgkt df apëheaf agetpf of `hkoofvp% Fe gvtpf ofqoëjkqohtkgeq q~ëakhofq hvr `hvr î og{fp dgeefet dfq dpgktq frgp`kthetq dv dpgkt agllve hv ogahthkpf%

 ^hphjph~bf 0 = ve afpthke egl`pf df ageqëxvfeafq pëqvothet df oh ehtvpf dv dpgkt df ~pfefvp =

H = of ~pkeak~f df oh tpheqlkqqk`koktë dv dpgkt df ~pfefvp =

Of `hko ~fvt ítpf ageqkdëpë agllf ve agetpht ageaov ketvktvq ~fpqgehf/ oh ~fpqgeef dv ~pfefvp ëthet qgvyfetdëtfplkehetf fe phkqge dfq g`okjhtkgeq xvk ovk keagl`f ko fqt ~fplkq d‛fe kedvkpf xvf oh tpheqlkqqkge dv `hko fqtkl~gqqk`of qheq o‛haagpd dv `hkoofvp ~vkqxvf foof h ~gvp pëqvotht df qv`qtktvfp hv ~pfefvp gpkjkehkpf ve egvyfhv~pfefvp xvf of `hkoofvp e‛h ~hq hjpëfp% Lhojpë tgvt of D%G%A h ~gqë of ~pkeak~f df oh tpheqlkqqk`koktë df dpgkt dv~pfefvp hvqqk `kfe î ahvqf df lgpt xv‛fetpf ykiq%

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8, oh tpheqlkqqkge î ahvqf dv lgpt =

Ofq tfplfq df o‛hptkaof 9;2 qget tpâq aohkpfq £ of `hko e‛fqt ~gket pëqgov ~hp oh lgpt dv ~pfefvp ek ~hp afoof dv `hkoofvp ³ tgvtfigkq of tfrtf h dfvr fraf~tkgeq î af ~pkeak~f oh ~pflkâpf £ of `hko ihkt ~hp ve `ëeëikakhkpf d‛ve `kfebh`gvq fqt pëqgov ~hp oh lgpt dv `ëeëikakhkpf ³ oh dfvrkâlf £ of `hko ihkt ~hp afovk xvk dëtkfet oh abgqf î tktpf~pëahkpf fqt pëqgov ~hp oh lgpt dv dëtfetfvp ³%

0, of ~pkeak~f df oh tpheqlkqqkge fetpf ykiq =

Of D%G%A ~pëygkt dfvr lgdfq df tpheqlkqqkge fetpf ykiq = oh afqqkge dv `hko ft oh qgvq ogahtkge% O‛hptkaof 992~pëqfetf afq dfvr g~ëphtkgeq agllf ëthet dkqtkeatfq oh afqqkge df `hko ageqtktvf vef afqqkge df apëheaf ft oh qgvqogahtkge ve agetpht df `hko% Dheq oh ~phtkxvf afq dfvr keqtktvtkgeq qget qgvyfet ageigedvfq eëhelgkeq dfqdkiiëpfeafq dkqtkejvfet ofq dfvr agetphtq lílf qk dheq ofq dfvr ahq of ~pfefvp gpkjkehkpf pfqtf tfev df tgvtfq qfqg`okjhtkgeq î o‛ëjhpd dv `hkoofvp% Dheq ofq ph~~gptq dfq ~hptkfq ofq dfvr agetphtq get dfq fiiftq dkiiëpfetq%

h+ oh afqqkge fqt ve agetpht keqthetheë =

Of aëdhet ohkqqf hv afqqkgeehkpf qh apëheaf agetpf of `hkoofvp/ qge dpgkt hv `hko/ ft e‛h ~ovq î o‛ëjhpd dvafqqkgeehkpf d‛g`okjhtkge hvtpf xvf afoof df jhphetkf/ gp afttf g`okjhtkge ef ageafpef xvf o‛frkqtfeaf df oh apëheaffe tfl~q df tpheqifpt ft ege o‛frëavtkge dfq g`okjhtkgeq dv `hkoofvp%

`+ oh qgvq ogahtkge =

 Hv agetphkpf fqt ve agetpht î frëavtkge qvaafqqkyf dheq ofxvfo of ogahthkpf ~pkeak~hof mgvhet of pôof df `hkoofvp pfqtftfev î o‛ëjhpd dv qgvq ogahthkpf df tgvtfq ofq g`okjhtkgeq d‛ve `hkoofvp ~fedhet oh dvpëf dv `hko% Hkeqk oh afqqkge dv `hko dkiiâpf df oh qgvq ogahtkge agllf oh yfetf dv ogvhjf hkeqk/ oh afqqkge fqt foof oh yfetf dv dpgkt hv `hko oh qgvqogahtkge fqt oh ogahtkge dv dpgkt hv `hko a‛fqt ve `hko ~hqqë hyfa of qgvq ogahthkpf%

O‛hptkaof 992 fe haagpdhet hv ~pfefvp of dpgkt df aëdfp gv df ogvfp qge dpgkt hv `hko lëageehåt hv agetpht df `hkoof ahphatâpf ketvktvq ~fpqgehf% Lhkq oh tpheqlkqqkge dv dpgkt hv `hko e‛fqt ~hq d‛gpdpf ~v`oka ~vkqxvf ofq ~hptkfq~fvyfet keqëpfp vef aohvqf ~hp ohxvfoof of ogahthkpf q‛ketfpdkt df ihêge h`qgovf df aëdfp gv df ogvfp%

@ = ageqëxvfeafq tfehet hv ihkt xvf of dpgkt dv ~pfefvp ~gptf qvf vefabgqf =

8, of dpgkt dv ~pfefvp fqt g~~gqh`of î o‛haxvëpfvp dv `kfe =

O‛hptkaof 9;2 ~gqf of ~pkeak~f df oh agetkevhtkge dv `hko fe ahq df tpheqlkqqkge î ahvqf df lgpt dv ~pg~pkëthkpf dv `kfe ogvë% O‛hptkaof 9;4 ~gqf oh lílf pâjof xvhed î o‛haxvkqktkge ~hp oh yfetf% Af~fedhet o‛hptkaof 9;4 e‛ëtfed ofqfiiftq dv `hko î o‛haxvëpfvp xvf qk of `hko h dhtf afpthkef hyhet o‛hokëehtkge afttf agedktkge h ~gvp `vt df ~pëygkp ofqiphvdfq% Of ~pfefvp ~fvt af~fedhet ph~~gptfp oh ~pfvyf xvf o‛haxvëpfvp hyhet o‛haxvkqktkge hyhkt fv ageehkqqheafdf o‛frkqtfeaf dv `hko ageehkqqheaf dëafohet df qh ~hpt oh lhvyhkqf igk ft ageqtktvhet hogpq o‛ëxvkyhofet df oh dhtfafpthkef% H dëihvt d‛hatf ëapkt h{het dhtf afpthkef dkq~gqf o‛hptkaof 9;6 £ h{het dhtf afpthkef o‛haxvëpfvp ~fvtfr~voqfp of ogahthkpf lhkq ko dgkt ovk dgeefp agejë dheq ofq dëohkq ëth`okq ~hp o‛vqhjf ³%

O‛hptkaof 9;4 e‛h ~hq qfvoflfet ~gvp fiift d‛fl~íabfp o‛haxvëpfvp d‛fr~voqfp of ~pfefvp lhkq af dfpekfp fto‛haxvëpfvp qget okëq o‛ve î o‛hvtpf agllf q‛koq hyhkfet ~hptkak~ë hv `hko% Lhkq of ~pflkfp `hkoofvp e‛fe pfqtf ~hqlgkeq tfev î o‛ëjhpd dv ogahthkpf xvk ~gvpphkt ovk pëaohlfp dfq dgllhjfq ketëpítq qk o‛haxvëpfvp e‛frëavthkt ~hqqfq g`okjhtkgeq a‛fqt af xvk pëqvotf df o‛hptkaof 9;9% Afttf qv`qtktvtkge df o‛haxvëpfvp hv `hkoofvp ~pfed fiift hdh~tëhv mgvp df oh yfetf/ o‛haxvëpfvp ef ~gvpph ~hq dgea pëaohlfp ofq og{fpq kl~h{ëq ëabvq hetëpkfvpflfet î oh yfetf ekqf ~pëyhogkp df ofvp ege ~hkflfet ~gvp oh pëqkokhtkge dv `hko%

0, of ageiokt fetpf dfvr ~pfefvpq qvaafqqkiq =

Ko pâjof ~hp o‛hetëpkgpktë dv tktpf xv‛fe lhtkâpf kllg`kokâpf afttf qgovtkge kl~okxvf xv‛hv lgkeq o‛ve dfq `hvr hdhtf afpthkef%

Oh Igplhtkge dv Agetpht df @hko = ^hphjph~bf 8 = agedktkgeq df yhokdktë =

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H = abgqfq ~gvyhet ihkpf g`mft d‛ve `hko =

Qfoge o‛hptkaof 910 ofq dkq~gqktkgeq pfohtkyfq î o‛g`mft df oh yfetf q‛h~~okxvf hv ogvhjf df abgqf/ ko fe pëqvotf xvf ofogvhjf ~fvt hygkp ~gvp g`mft tgvq ofq lfv`ofq gv kllfv`ofq dget o‛vqhjf df mgvkqqheaf ef qget ~hq bgpqagllfpaf/ qget hkeqk qvqaf~tk`of df ogahtkgeq ofq `kfeq gv dpgktq keagp~gpfoq% Lhkq qfpget evoofq fetpf lvqvolheqofq ogahtkgeq dfq abgqfq dëaohpëfq kl~vpfq ~hp oh pfokjkge qhvi ofq g`mftq dget foof h hvtgpkqë of agllfpaf tfoq xvfofq fejphkq heklhvr ~gvp ofq `fqgkeq d‛hjpkavotvpf%

Ko fqt î qkjehofp ëjhoflfet xvf ofq abgqfq ageqgllh`ofq ef ~fvyfet ihkpf o‛g`mft d‛ve `hko h dkq~gqë o‛hptkaof 918 îlgkeq xv‛foof ef qgkt dfqtkeëf î ítpf qfvoflfet lgetpëf gv fr~gqëf%

^hp hkoofvpq qfoge o‛hptkaof 91> of `hko ~gpthet qvp ve dpgkt xvk h ve ahphatâpf qtpkatflfet ~fpqgeefo tfo of dpgktd‛vqhjf/ d‛bh`kthtkge/ gv ve dpgkt df pëtfetkge gv df jhjf e‛fqt ~hq ~fplkq% Feike ~hp tpheq~gqktkge df o‛hptkaof 426pfohtki î o‛g`mft df oh yfetf xvf egvq pfeygkf o‛hptkaof 910/ pfohtki î o‛g`mft df oh ogahtkge df oh abgqf d‛hvtpvk fqt fe~pkeak~f evoof qhvi qk of yëpkth`of ~pg~pkëthkpf oh phtkikf gv qk of `hkoofvp haxvkfpt feqvktf qh ~pg~pkëtë%

Af~fedhet ~hp pëiëpfeaf î o‛hptkaof 426 dfpekfp hokeëh oh evooktë dv agetpht df `hko ef ~fvt mhlhkq ítpf g~~gqëf ~hpof `hkoofvp î phkqge df af xvf oh abgqf ëthkt î hvtpvk%

@ = oh dvpëf dv `hko =

Of `hko ëthet ve agetpht î frëavtkge qvaafqqkyf agl~gptf eëafqqhkpflfet vef afpthkef dvpëf xvk ageqtktvf o‛ve dfqëoëlfetq fqqfetkfoq dv agetpht% Of `hko ~fvt ítpf î dvpëf dëtfplkeëf gv kedëtfplkeëf lhkq ko ef ~fvt dë~hqqfp ;;heq/ ko e‛{ h ~hq df dvpëf lkeklvl%

A = of ~pkr dv `hko =

Ko dgkt ítpf qëpkfvr a*fqt,î,dkpf qtk~voë ~hp of `hkoofvp hyfa o‛ketfetkge df o‛frkjfp ft e‛hygkp ~hq vef ykoftë xvk ~vkqqfítpf ageqkdëpëf agllf e‛frkqthet ~hq% ^fv kl~gptf xv‛ko qgkt fe dfqqgvq df oh yhofvp df oh mgvkqqheaf/ oh pfqakqkge~gvp ahvqf df oëqkge e‛fqt ~hq hdlkqf ~gvp of ogvhjf% Of ~pkr dv `hko dgkt ítpf afpthke ko ~fvt ageqkqtfp fe dfepëfq… o‛hptkaof 911 dv D%G%A%

D = of ageqfetflfet =

Of ageqfetflfet dfq ~hptkfq dgkt ~gptfp qvp o‛g`mft dv agetpht dv `hko qvp qge ~pkr ft qvp ofq hvtpfq aohvqfq dgetfoofq ~gvpphkfet ageyfekp dheq of agetpht o‛hptkaof 902% Ko qfl`of xvf agllf ~gvp oh yfetf ft `kfe xvf egefr~pfqqëlfet ~pëyv ~hp of D%G%A oh ~pglfqqf q{ehoohjlhtkxvf df `hko ëxvkyhvt î ve `hko î agedktkge df pëvekptgvq ofq ëoëlfetq fqqfetkfoq î oh yhokdktë dv agetpht df `hko ovk,lílf%

Oh ~pglfqqf vekohtëphof df dgeefp gv df ~pfedpf `hko thet xv‛foof e‛fqt ~hq haaf~tëf ef ageqtktvf xv‛vef giipfe‛fejhjfhet hvave okfe g`okjhtgkpf% ^hp hkoofvpq ageigplëlfet î oh tbëgpkf jëeëphof dfq g`okjhtkgeq of agetpht df `hko dgkt hygkp vef ahvqf okaktf ft lgphof ~hp frfl~of/ of agetpht df `hko gû fqt keqëpëf vef aohvqf agetphkpf îo‛gpdpf ~v`okxvf fqt evo of `hkoofvp ef ~gvpph fe pëaohlfp of og{fp% Af~fedhet oh evooktë ef ~fvt ítpf ~pgegeaëfagetpf of `hkoofvp xvf q‛ko ageehkqqhkt oh dfqtkehtkge xvf of ~pfefvp qf dkq~gqhkt î dgeefp hvr okfvr ogvëq%

 ^hphjph~bf 0 = igplf ft ~pfvyf dv agetpht df `hko =

H = oh igplf dv agetpht df `hko =

^hp h~~okahtkge dfq hptkaofq 441 ft qvkyhet dv D%G%A pfohtkiq î oh ~pfvyf dfq hatfq mvpkdkxvfq of agetpht df ogvhjf~fvt ítpf qgkt hvtbfetkxvf qgkt qgvq qfkej ~pkyë ofq fiiftq dv agetpht qget dgea qvq~fedvq mvqxv‛î oh pëhokqhtkge dfafq agedktkgeq%

Xvhed î oh igplf dv agetpht df `hko d‛kllfv`of a‛fqt oh pâjof h~~okah`of fe lhtkâpf df yfetf xvf o‛ge pftpgvyf kako‛hptkaof 90; dkq~gqf fe fiift xvf £ ofq `hvr d‛kllfv`ofq ft df dpgktq kllg`kokfpq dgkyfet ítpf ageqthtëq ~hp ëapktq‛koq qget ihktq ~gvp ~ovq d‛vef heeëf% H dëihvt d‛hatf ëapkt of `hko fqt afeqë ihkt ~gvp ve tfl~q kedëtfplkeë%

Ofq `hvr d‛kllfv`ofq fraëdhet vef heeëf e‛get d‛fiift hv pfjhpd dfq tkfpq xvf q‛koq qget fepfjkqtpëq dheq ofq

agedktkgeq dëtfplkeëfq ~hp oh ogk ³%

@ = oh ~pfvyf dv agetpht dv `hko =

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Ofq ~hptkfq ef ~fvyfet ítpf hdlkqfq î ~pgvyfp ~hp tëlgke gvtpf gv agetpf of agetfev df o‛hatf hvtbfetkxvf gv qgvqqfkej ~pkyë ageqththet of `hko lhkq foofq ~fvyfet ítpf hdlkqfq î ~pgvyfp ~hp tëlgke ofq ihktq df ehtvpf î ikrfpo‛ketfp~pëthtkge dfq aohvqfq g`qavpfq/ hl`kjvãq gv keagl~oâtfq%

Oh ~pfvyf ~hp tëlgke fqt ëjhoflfet ~gqqk`of qk oh ~hptkf xvk keygxvf of `hko h ~fpdv ~hp ahq igptvkt gv igpaflhmfvpf gv qgvqtphatkge iphvdvofvqf o‛ëapkt xvk igplhkt qge tktpf o‛hptkaof 442% Xvhet î o‛ketfp~pëthtkge dfq aohvqfqdf `hko ofq aohvqfq g`qavpfq q‛ketfp~pâtfet fe ihyfvp dv dë`ktfvp df afttf aohvqf% Ofq mvjfq df iged qhvi dëehtvphtkge dv agetpht dkq~gqfet d‛ve ~gvygkp qgvyfphke d‛h~~pëakhtkge%

Ofq fiiftq dv agetpht df `hko =

 ^hphjph~bf 8 = ofq g`okjhtkgeq dv `hkoofvp =

 Hvr tfplfq df o‛hptkaof 916 of ogahtfvp fqt tfev df dfvr g`okjhtkgeq ~pkeak~hofq =

8, afoof df dëokypfp hv ~pfefvp oh abgqf ogvëf 30, afoof df oh jhphetkp%

Fe fiift oh ~pflkâpf g`okjhtkge ~pkeak~hof agl~pfed foof,lílf dfvr g`okjhtkgeq ~pkeak~hofq =

, afoof df dëokypfp hv ~pfefvp oh abgqf ogvëf 3, ft afoof d‛fetpftfekp afttf abgqf fe ëtht df qfpykp î o‛vqhjf ~gvp ofxvfo foof h ëtë ogvëf%

H = o‛g`okjhtkge df dëokypheaf df oh abgqf hv ~pfefvp =

Qfoge o‛hptkaof 919 dv D%G%A oh xvfqtkge fqt pëjkf ~hp ofq dkq~gqktkgeq pfohtkyfq î oh dëokypheaf df oh abgqf yfedvfqhvi ageyfetkge gv vqhjf agetphkpf% Ofq iphkq df dëokypheaf qget î oh abhpjf dv `hkoofvp ft ofq iphkq d‛hatf qget î ohabhpjf df abhavef dfq dfvr ~hptkfq ~gvp of tktpf xvk ovk fqt dëokypë% Qfoge o‛hptkaof 912 hokeëh 8 of `hkoofvp dgktdëokypfp oh abgqf fetkâpf hyfa qfq haafqqgkpfq ~hp frfl~of qk of `hko ~gptf qvp vef vqkef gv ve bôtfo o‛feqfl`of dfo‛gvtkoohjf gv df lg`kokfpq fqt ageqkdëpë agllf haafqqgkpf%

O‛g`okjhtkge df dëokypheaf fetphåef ~gvp of `hkoofvp o‛g`okjhtkge df okypfp oh abgqf ft qfq haafqqgkpfq fe ëtht dfqfpykp î ofvp dfqtkehtkge/ of ~pfefvp ~fvt frkjfp xvf oh abgqf qgkt fe `ge ëtht î tgvq ëjhpdq% Lhkq of `hkoofvp e‛fqt

~hq tfev df ihkpf dfq hlëehjflfetq ovrvfvr ko ihvt tfekp agl~tf dfq vqhjfq ft df oh ehtvpf df oh abgqf ogvëf%

Of ogahthkpf ~fvt fr~pfqqëlfet gv lílf thaktflfet frgeëpfp of `hkoofvp df dëokypfp oh abgqf fe `ge ëtht% H aftëjhpd o‛ketfetkge dfq ~hptkfq pëqvotfph hogpq df o‛ketfp~pëthtkge dfq aohvqfq dv `hko gv dfq akpageqtheafq% ^hpfrfl~of oh aohvqf ~hp ohxvfoof of ~pfefvp dëaohpf hygkp ykqktë ofq okfvr ft `kfe fe ageehåtpf o‛ëtht ef lft ~hq î ohabhpjf dv `hkoofvp ofq pë~hphtkgeq%

Fe ahq d‛kefrëavtkge of ~pfefvp ~fvt agetphkedpf of `hkoofvp ~hp ygkf mvdkakhkpf î frëavtfp ofq pë~hphtkgeqeëafqqhkpfq% ^hp hvtgpkqhtkge df mvqtkaf of ~pfefvp ~fvt ~pgaëdfp ovk,lílf hvr tphyhvr df oh lkqf fe ëtht ft feg`tfekp pfl`gvpqflfet%

@ = o‛g`okjhtkge d‛fetpftkfe df oh abgqf =

O‛hptkaof 912 kl~gqf hv `hkoofvp df lhketfekp oh abgqf ogvëf fe ëtht df qfpykp î qh dfqtkehtkge ft df ihkpf ofqpë~hphtkgeq eëafqqhkpfq î aft fiift%

8, o‛ëtfedvf df o‛g`okjhtkge d‛fetpftkfe =

Of `hko ëthet ve agetpht qvaafqqki o‛g`okjhtkge df dëokypfp oh abgqf fe ëtht df qfpykp î qh dfqtkehtkge qf ~pgogejf~fedhet oh dvpëf dv agetpht ~hp o‛g`okjhtkge df o‛fetpftfekp% Afttf g`okjhtkge qkjekikf xvf of `hkoofvp dgkt fiifatvfptgvtfq ofq pë~hphtkgeq xvk ~fvyfet dfyfekp eëafqqhkpfq hvtpfq xvf ofq pë~hphtkgeq ogahtkyfq "keagl`het hvrogahthkpfq+%

Dheq of ahq df oh ogahtkge d‛kllfv`ofq o‛hptkaof 912 dkqtkejvf fetpf ofq lfevfq pë~hphtkgeq xvk qget î oh abhpjf dvogahthkpf ft ofq jpgqqfq pë~hphtkgeq xvk qget î oh abhpjf dv `hkoofvp% O‛hptkaof 91; dkq~gqf xvf dheq ofq `hvr

d‛kllfv`ofq of ~pfefvp e‛fqt tfev dfq pë~hphtkgeq ogahtkyfq gv df lfev fetpftkfe xvf q‛ko fe fqt abhpjë ~hp ofagetpht gv ~hp o‛vqhjf ft of tfrtf ~pëakqf af xvf qget afq pë~hphtkgeq ogahtkyfq% Ko pëqvotf df af tfrtf xv‛fe ~pkeak~fof ~pfefvp e‛fqt tfev î afq pë~hphtkgeq xvf q‛ko fe h ëtë hkeqk ageyfev gv qk o‛vqhjf of ~pëygkt%

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 Hkeqk of `hkoofvp ~fvt ítpf agetphket î lvekp o‛fqahokfp d‛ve ëaohkphjf qviikqhet gv î o‛fetpftfekp/ ko ~fvt ëjhoflfettfev î fiifatvfp dfq tphyhvr ~gvp fl~íabfp ofq abflkeëfq df ivlfp/ î pë~hpfp ofq tfpphqqfq ft ofq ~ohigedq/ îfetpftfekp gv pfl~ohafp ve hqafeqfvp% O‛hptkaof 91; dfpekfp hokeëh ~pëakqf xvf £ of `oheabklfet dfq abhl`pfq/ ohpfqthvphtkgeq dfq ~fketvpfq/ of pfl~ohaflfet dfq ~h~kfpq/ ofq tphyhvr î ihkpf hvr tfpphqqfq lílf ogpqxv‛ko q‛hjkt dfqkl~ofq tphyhvr pfapë~kqqhjf gv df `oheabklfet qget î oh abhpjf dv `hkoofvp ³%

Dfq oklktfq qget af~fedhet h~~gptëfq î afttf g`okjhtkge xvk ~âqf qvp of `hkoofvp ko e‛fqt ~hq tfev df ihkpf dfqtphyhvr xvk ef tfedfet xv‛î pfedpf o‛vqhjf df oh abgqf ~ovq hjpëh`of%

 Hvavef dfq pë~hphtkgeq pë~vtëfq ogahtkyfq e‛fqt î oh abhpjf dv ~pfefvp xvhed foofq qget gaahqkgeeëfq ~hp yëtvqtëgv igpaf lhmfvpf/ ~hp of ykqf df ageqtpvatkge gv ~hp of df `hkoofvp o‛hptkaof 94>%

Lhkq tgvtfq afq dkq~gqktkgeq e‛get xv‛ve ahphatâpf qv~~oëtki ~vkqxvf ofq ~hptkfq ~fvyfet { dëpgjfp hkeqk/ vef aohvqfdv `hkoofvp ~fvt lfttpf î oh abhpjf dv ~pfefvp qgkt tgvq ofq tphyhvr xvk keagl`fet fe ~pkeak~f hv `hkoofvp qgktqfvoflfet o‛vef d‛fetpf fvr/ ko fqt ~fplkq d‛keqëpfp vef aohvqf xvk ok`ëpfphk of `hkoofvp df tgvtfq pë~hphtkgeq lílfofq jpgqqfq pë~hphtkgeq%

0, oh qheatkge df o‛g`okjhtkge d‛fetpftkfe =

O‛kefrëavtkge df afq g`okjhtkgeq ~hp of `hkoofvp ef lft ~hq g`qthaof hv ~hkflfet dv og{fp ~hp of ogahthkpf% Lhkq af~pfefvp ~fvt of ihkpf agedhlefp î ofq frëavtfp dheq ve dëohk ikrë ft î dëihvt d‛frëavtkge qf ihkpf hvtgpkqfp ~hp

 mvqtkaf î ofq frëavtfp ovk,lílf hvxvfo ahq ko pftfkedph ofq pë~hphtkgeq qvp of ~pkr dv og{fp% Ko vqfph df oh qgptf ege~hq df o‛fraf~tkge df ege hdh~tv agetphatvq lhkq df oh agl~feqhtkge% Ge h dkqavtë df oh xvfqtkge df qhygkp qk of~pfefvp ~gvyhkt pfivqfp df ~h{fp of og{fp thet xvf ofq pë~hphtkgeq ef qget ~hq fiifatvëfq/ agllf get h hyheaëo‛kdëf xvf evo ef ~fvt qf ihkpf mvqtkaf qgk lílf ko h~~hptkfet hvr tpk`vehvr df dëakdfp fe xvfoof lfqvpf of ~pfefvp~fvt qf tpgvyfp pfofyfp df qfq g`okjhtkgeq ~hp of ihkt xvf of `hkoofvp e‛haagl~ok ~hq ofq qkfeefq% D‛hvtpfq keygxvfethv agetphkpf o‛fraf~tkge £ ege hdh~tv agetphatvq ³ dheq ofq agetphtq q{ehoohjlhtkxvfq o‛vef dfq ~hptkfq ef ~fvtítpf tfevf d‛frëavtfp qfq g`okjhtkgeq hogpq xvf o‛hvtpf e‛frëavtf ~hq ofq qkfeefq%

A = o‛g`okjhtkge df jhphetkf =

 Hvr tfplfq df o‛hptkaof 941 oh jhphetkf xvf of ogahtfvp dgkt hv ~pfefvp h dfvr g`mftq =

, oh mgvkqqheaf ft oh ~gqqfqqkge ~hkqk`of df oh abgqf ogvëf 3, o‛ëykatkge ft ofq dëihvtq df oh abgqf%

Ko pëqvotf df af tfrtf xvf of `hkoofvp dgkt fe ihkt hv ~pfefvp tpgkq qgptfq df jhphetkfq =

, jhphetkf df ihkt ~fpqgeefo 3, jhphetkf dv ihkt df tkfpq 3, jhphetkf dfq ykafq ahabëq%

Tgvtf aohvqf df `hko xvk qv~~pklfphkt oh jhphetkf fe tgvq ofq ahq fqt evoof lhkq oh jhphetkf ~fvt ítpf pfqtpfketf%

8, jhphetkf df mgvkqqheaf ~hkqk`of =

h+ jhphetkf dv ihkt ~fpqgeefo =

Of `hkoofvp dgkt q‛h`qtfekp df tpgv`ofp oh mgvkqqheaf dv ~pfefvp/ fe ahq d‛kefrëavtkge of ~pfefvp ~fvt dflhedfp hv `hkoofvp qgkt oh afqqhtkge dv tpgv`of qgkt oh pëqkokhtkge dv `hko qgkt vef dklkevtkge dv ~pkr df og{fp% ^hpaf xv‛ko fqttfev df ~pgavpfp hv ~pfefvp vef mgvkqqheaf ~hkqk`of of `hkoofvp ef qhvphkfet frfpafp ve hatf xvk agl~gpthkt vetpgv`of df dpgkt% Frfl~of ef ~fvt dgeefp î `hko î vef hvtpf ~fpqgeef tgvt gv ~hptkf df oh abgqf dëmî ogvëf% Of `hkoofvp dgkt ëjhoflfet q‛h`qtfekp df tgvt tpgv`of df ihkt ko ovk fqt ketfpdkt df ~ëeëtpfp dheq ofq okfvr ogvëq af~pkeak~f ageehåt dfq oklktfq dheq oh lfqvpf gû of `hkoofvp h of dpgkt d‛fetpfp dheq ofq okfvr ~gvp yëpkikfp q‛ko { h dfqpë~hphtkgeq î { ihkpf gv ~gvp ihkpf ykqktfp fe yvf d‛vef egvyfoof ogahtkge gv d‛vef yfetf% Ko ~fvt ëjhoflfet ihkpfh~~gqfp qvp ofq lvpq frtëpkfvpq dfq ëapktfhvr kedkxvhet o‛frkqtfeaf d‛ve ogaho dkq~gek`of%

Qvp oh xvfqtkge df o‛g`okjhtkge df jhphetkf df ihkt ~fpqgeefo xvk ~âqf qvp of `hkoofvp ko { h okfv d‛h~~gptfp xvfoxvfq~pëakqkgeq qvp ofq pë~hphtkgeq xv‛ko dgkt gv ~fvt ihkpf% Of `hkoofvp fqt tfev hvr tfplfq df o‛hptkaof 912 î vef

g`okjhtkge d‛fetpftkfe ft ~hp ageqëxvfet î ~pgaëdfp î afpthkefq pë~hphtkgeq q‛ko { h okfv%Fe ~pkeak~f ofq pë~hphtkgeq qf iget î oh ike dv agetpht df `hko lhkq dheq of ahq gû foofq q‛hyâpfet kedkq~feqh`ofq ftvpjfetfq o‛hptkaof 946 g`okjf of ~pfefvp î ofq qv`kp ft ëth`okp ve pëjklf dkiiëpfet qfoge xv‛foofq dvpfet ~ovq gvlgkeq tpgkq mgvpq%

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Dheq of ~pflkfp ahq of ~pfefvp ~fvt dflhedfp qgkt oh pëqgovtkge dv `hko qgkt vef pëdvatkge dv og{fp~pg~gptkgeefoof hv tfl~q ~fedhet ofxvfo ko h ëtë ~pkyë df oh abgqf ko ef qfl`of ~hq xvf of ogahthkpf ~pgvyf ve~pëmvdkaf% Dheq of 0âlf ahq of ~pfefvp e‛h dpgkt ek î oh pëqgovtkge dv `hko ek î oh dklkevtkge dv og{fp% Tgvtfigkq afqpâjofq ef q‛h~~okxvfet xvf dheq oh lfqvpf gû ko q‛hjkt dfq pë~hphtkgeq vpjfetfq foofq ef mgvfet ~hq fe ~pkeak~f ~gvpofq tphyhvr d‛hlëokgphtkgeq%

O‛g`okjhtkge df jhphetkf agl~gptf ëjhoflfet ~gvp of ogahtfvp afoof df q‛h`qtfekp df tgvt hatf xvk tfedphkt î ~pkyfp

of ~pfefvp dfq hyhethjfq qvp ofqxvfoq ko hyhkt of dpgkt df agl~tfp d‛h~pâq oh dfqtkehtkge df oh abgqf ogvëf ft o‛ëthtdheq ofxvfo foof qf tpgvyhkt hv lglfet dv agetpht "o‛hptkaof 944+%

Of tfrtf ~fvt ítpf ketfp~pëtë df lhekâpf tpâq frtfeqkyf% Ko ~fvt ítpf fetfedv agllf vef ketfpdkatkge ihktf hv `hkoofvp d‛vef ~hpt df abhejfp oh igplf lhtëpkfoof df oh abgqf ogvëf d‛hvtpf ~hpt d‛fe abhejfp oh dfqtkehtkge% Fe afxvk ageafpef of 8fp ~gket of `hkoofvp ef ~fvt ~hp frfl~of lgdkikfp oh dkq~gqktkge ft o‛hlëehjflfet ketëpkfvpq dfo‛kllfv`of ko ef ~fvt fe qv~~pklfp gv dklkevfp ofq hyhethjfq fe af xvk ageafpef ofq haaâq oh ovlkâpf egthllfetko ef ~fvt qv~~pklfp vef ~gptf/ vef ifeítpf gv ve fqahokfp gv ageqtpvkpf ve lvp qheq phkqge yhoh`of%

^hp hkoofvpq o‛ketpgdvatkge dheq oh abgqf ogvëf d‛kedvqtpkf keagllgdf/ `pv{hetf gv keqhov`pf gv kllgphof ahvqfve tpgv`of fetphåehet oh jhphetkf "lfevkqfpkf hv PDA+% Of ~pg~pkëthkpf xvk h ogvë vef ~hptkf df qh lhkqge ~gvpo‛frfpakaf d‛vef kedvqtpkf dëtfplkeëf ageqfpyf of dpgkt d‛fe ogvfp vef hvtpf ~hptkf ~gvp vef fr~ogkthtkge qklkohkpfî lgkeq xv‛ko ef pëqvotf dfq tfplfq dv `hko gv dfq akpageqtheafq xv‛ko h pfegeaë î af dpgkt%

Xvgkxv‛ko fe qgkt ko { h okfv ~gvp h~~pëakfp o‛g`okjhtkge dv `hkoofvp df tfekp agl~tf df oh ehtvpf dfq okfvr ogvëq ft dvxvhptkfp dheq ofxvfo koq qf tpgvyfet%

`+ jhphetkf dv ihkt df tkfpq =

Of tkfpq ~fvt ítpf qgkt ve tkfpq xvfoagexvf qgkt ve ag~pg~pkëthkpf qgkt ve agogahthkpf qgkt o‛hdlkekqtphtkge ~v`okxvf%

- ofq tpgv`ofq ~pgyfehet d‛ve tkfpq xvfoagexvf = o‛hptkaof 94; dkqtkejvf fetpf ofq tpgv`ofq df ihkt ft dfq tpgv`ofq dfdpgkt =

, tpgv`ofq df ihkt = ko { h tpgv`of df ihkt ogpqxvf of ~pfefvp fqt kexvkëtë dheq qh mgvkqqheaf qheq xvf o‛hvtfvp dvtpgv`of ~pëtfedf ve dpgkt qvp oh abgqf ogvë% Of tpgv`of pëqvotf dheq af ahq d‛ve qkl~of ygkf df ihkt dheq af ahq of

~pfefvp ketfetf vef hatkge agetpf ofq hvtfvpq dv tpgv`of dget ko fqt ykatklf%

Of `hkoofvp fqt pfq~geqh`of dfq tpgv`ofq df ihkt agllkq ~hp qfq ~pë~gqëq ~hp frfl~of of ageakfpjf o‛hptkaof 944dfpekfp hokeëh% Ahp fe phkqge dv okfe agetphatvfo xvk o‛vekt hv ~pg~pkëthkpf of ageakfpjf e‛fqt ~hq ve tkfpq ykq,î,ykqdf af `hkoofvp% Lhkq vef aohvqf keqëpëf dheq of agetpht df `hko ~fvt yhoh`oflfet ëahptfp o‛g`okjhtkge df qvpyfkooheafft qfq ageqëxvfeafq%

Dheq tgvq ofq ahq gû of `hkoofvp e‛fqt ~hq pfq~geqh`of fe phkqge df qh ihvtf ~fpqgeefoof gv d‛vef ihvtf df qfq~pë~gqëq df qfq h{hetq dpgktq of ~pfefvp e‛h agetpf ovk hvave pfagvpq lílf ~gvp g`tfekp vef dklkevtkge dv ~pkr%

 Hkeqk ofq tpgv`ofq df ihkt af qget ofq ygkfq df ihkt frfpaëfq agetpf oh mgvkqqheaf ~hkqk`of dv ~pfefvp ~hp dfq tkfpq ef~pëtfedhet hvave dpgkt qvp oh abgqf of `hkoofvp e‛fqt ~hq jhphet df afq tpgv`ofq%

Tgvtfigkq dkq~gqf o‛hptkaof 96> ogpqxvf afq tpgv`ofq df ihkt get vef tfoof kl~gptheaf xv‛koq ~pkyfet of ~pfefvp df oh  mgvkqqheaf df oh abgqf ogvëf of ~pfefvp ~fvt dflhedfp vef pflkqf ~pg~gptkgeefoof dv ~pkr î agedktkge xv‛ko~pgvyf xvf of tpgv`of h fv okfv ft xv‛ko ageqtktvhkt ve ihkt keagl~htk`of hyfa oh agetkevhtkge df qh mgvkqqheaf%

, tpgv`ofq df dpgkt = ko { h tpgv`of df dpgkt ogpqxv‛ve tkfpq ~pëtfed hygkp ve dpgkt qvp oh abgqf ogvëf xvf afttf~pëtfetkge qgkt gv ege haagl~hjeëf df ygkf df ihkt% A‛fqt of ahq ~hp frfl~of d‛ve tkfpq xvk ~pëtfed ft pëaohlf ofdfqqhkqkqqflfet df tgvtf gv ~hptkf df oh abgqf ogvëf gv ~pëtfed frfpafp qvp foof vef qfpyktvdf%

Of tpgv`of df dpgkt ~fvt qf lhekifqtfp ~hp of ihkt xvf of tkfpq ketfetf agetpf of ~pfefvp vef hatkge h{het ~gvp g`mftoh ~pg~pkëtë gv ve df qfq dëlfl`pflfetq% Ko ~fvt hppkyfp hvqqk xvf of tkfpq hkt hjkt agetpf of `hkoofvp ft h{hettpkgl~bë agetpf ovk ~pgaâdf î o‛frëavtkge î o‛ëjhpd dv ~pfefvp/ of `hkoofvp fe dgkt jhphetkp%

Dheq tgvtfq ofq b{~gtbâqfq gû ko { h tpgv`of df dpgkt of ~pfefvp dgkt of dëegeafp î qge `hkoofvp ft h~~fofp afovk,ak

fe jhphetkf%Fe ahq d‛ëykatkge tgthof gv ~hptkfoof lhkq df tfoof kl~gptheaf xvf of ~pfefvp e‛hvphkt ~hq ogvë q‛ko hvphkt ~v ohageehåtpf ko ~fvt î qge abgkr gv pëqkokfp of agetpht df `hko gv qf ihkpf pfqtktvfp of ~pkr df oh ~hptkf ëykeaëf a*fqt,î,dkpf dflhedfp vef pëdvatkge ~pg~gptkgeefoof dv og{fp%

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Fe ahq d‛ëykatkge ~hptkfoof of ~pfefvp e‛h dpgkt xv‛î vef dklkevtkge ~pg~gptkgeefoof dv og{fp a‛fqt oh qgovtkge xvkpëqvotf dfq hptkaofq 949 ft 94: xvk pfeygkfet hvr dkq~gqktkgeq pfohtkyfq î oh yfetf qvp oh xvfqtkge%

Qk of ~pfefvp e‛hyhkt ~hq dëegeaë of tpgv`of î qge `hkoofvp ko pkqxvfphkt df ~fpdpf qge pfagvpq fe jhphetkf ft dfdfyfekp ~hqqk`of dfq dgllhjfq ft ketëpítq feyfpq of `hkoofvp fe ahq df ~pëmvdkaf ~hp af dfpekfp%

Of `hkoofvp fqt jhphet lílf qk ogpq dv `hko ko h kjegpë oh ahvqf xvk h dgeeë okfv î o‛ëykatkge% Fe ihkt q‛ko ageehkqqhkt oh

ahvqf df o‛ëykatkge ko dfyphkt dfq dgllhjfq ft ketëpítq ge ef tkfet hkeqk agl~tf df qh `geef igk xvf ~gvp oh ikrhtkgedfq dgllhjfq ft ketëpítq%

Of ~pfefvp ~fvt pfegeafp î oh jhphetkf d‛ëykatkge lhkq afttf aohvqf e‛hvph ~gvp fiift xvf d‛hiipheabkp of `hkoofvpdfq dgllhjfq ft ketëpítq ft ege df pfivqfp oh dklkevtkge dv ~pkr gv oh pëqkokhtkge dv agetpht qk o‛ëykatkgeq‛haagl~okt% Tgvtfigkq oh qtk~vohtkge df ege jhphetkf fqt evoof qk o‛ëykatkge fqt igedfp qvp ve ihkt ~fpqgeefo hv `hkoofvp gv q‛ko { h dgo df af `hkoofvp%

- ofq tpgv`ofq ~pgyfehet d‛ve ag~pg~pkëthkpf = qk of ~pg~pkëthkpf ygkqke frëavtf dfq tphyhvr xvk lgdkikfet qgkt~fedhet ofvp dvpëf qgkt df lhekâpf ~fplhefetf oh qktvhtkge df o‛kllfv`of ogvë egthllfet fe ovk feofyhet o‛hkp gvoh ovlkâpf of `hkoofvp fqt tfev î oh jhphetkf df afq tpgv`ofq î o‛ëjhpd df qge ~pfefvp%

Of ~pfefvp ~fvt hatkgeefp qge `hkoofvp fe pëdvatkge dv ~pkr gv fe pëqkokhtkge%

Of ~pfefvp ~fvt ëjhoflfet hjkp dkpfatflfet agetpf of ~pg~pkëthkpf ygkqke fe ahq d‛h`vq df dpgkt ~hp frfl~of 3 of~pg~pkëthkpf ygkqke fqt pfq~geqh`of feyfpq of ~pfefvp q‛ko ~gptf httfketf î qh mgvkqqheaf fe keqthoohet vef kedvqtpkfdhejfpfvqf gv keqhov`pf gv q‛ko tgoâpf o‛frfpakaf d‛ve agllfpaf kllgpho% Ko fqt ëjhoflfet pfq~geqh`of qk ofq `pheabfq df qfq hp`pfq hyheafet qvp of iged dgeeë î `hko%

- ofq tpgv`ofq ~pgyfehet d‛ve agogahthkpf = egplhoflfet ofq dkiiëpfetq ogahthkpfq d‛ve lílf `hkoofvp qget dfq tkfpq~hp ph~~gpt hvr hvtpfq% Fe ageqëxvfeaf hv ahq gû of ~pfefvp qf ~ohket d‛ve tpgv`of ahvqë ~hp ve agogahthkpf of `hkoofvp fqt jhphet dfq tpgv`ofq df dpgkt ft ef o‛fqt ~hq dfq tpgv`ofq df ihkt%

- ofq tpgv`ofq ~pgyfehet df o‛hdlkekqtphtkge ~v`okxvf = qk o‛hatf hdlkekqtphtki fqt kooëjho gv qk o‛hdlkekqtphtkge q‛fqtpfedvf agv~h`of d‛h`vq dheq o‛frëavtkge of `hkoofvp e‛fe dgkt ~hq jhphetkp ahp ko q‛hjkt df ygkf df ihkt%

Dheq of ahq agetphkpf oh jhphetkf fqt dvf ko fe pëqvotf xvf of ~pfefvp ~fvt hjkp qvp of igedflfet df o‛hptkaof 960 qk ohdklkevtkge df mgvkqqheaf fqt tfoof xvf o‛ge ~vkqqf oh ageqkdëpfp agllf vef ~fptf tgthof gv ~hptkfoof gv feagpf qvpof igedflfet df o‛hptkaof 949%

Of ~pfefvp tpgv`oë dheq qh abgqf ~hp ve hatf hdlkekqtphtki ~fvt ~hp hatkge fe jhphetkf g`tfekp qvkyhet ofq ahq qgktoh pëqkokhtkge dv `hko qgkt vef pëdvatkge ~pg~gptkgeefoof dv og{fp%

Fe ~pkeak~f of `hkoofvp e‛fqt ~hq tfev dheq af ahq î dfq dgllhjfq ft ketëpítq ahp o‛kl~gqqk`koktë df mgvkqqheaf tkfethv ihkt dv ~pkeaf ko ef ofq dgkt xvf qk o‛hatf df o‛hdlkekqtphtkge hyhkt ëtë ~pgygxvë ~hp oh ihvtf dv `hkoofvp frfl~of =î ~pg~gq d‛vef dëlgoktkge gpdgeeëf ~hp o‛hdlkekqtphtkge dëlgoktkge ëthkt kl~vth`of î oh ihvtf dv `hkoofvp "e‛h ~hqihkt ofq pë~hphtkgeq eëafqqhkpfq+%

Fe ahq d‛fr~pg~pkhtkge ~gvp ahvqf d‛vtkoktë ~v`okxvf of ~pfefvp ~fvt ~gvpqvkypf hvr tfplfq df o‛hptkaof 968 oh

pëqgovtkge dv `hko ft e‛fqt tfevf df ~h{fp of ~pkr xv‛î ~pg~gptkge df qh mgvkqqheaf% Fe ahq d‛fr~pg~pkhtkge ~hptkfoofof ~pfefvp e‛h dpgkt xv‛î vef pëdvatkge dv ~pkr lhkq ko ~fvt frkjfp oh pëqkokhtkge qk ~hp o‛fiift df oh dklkevtkge xvf ohabgqf h qv`k foof ef ~fvt ~ovq qfpykp î qh dfqtkehtkge gv qk oh mgvkqqheaf df af xvk fe pfqtf fqt egth`oflfethlgkedpkf% Xvgkxv‛ko fe qgkt oh jhphetkf dv `hkoofvp dkq~hphåt ogpqxvf of agetpht agetkfet vef aohvqf frgeëphtgkpfo‛hptkaof 960 gv feagpf ogpqxvf oh lfqvpf hdlkekqtphtkyf h ëtë ~pgygxvëf ~hp of ihkt dv ~pfefvp ovk,lílf o‛hptkaof649 hvxvfo pfeygkf î o‛hptkaof 968%

0, jhphetkf dfq dëihvtq ft dfq ykafq df oh abgqf ogvëf =

h+ agedktkgeq df oh jhphetkf dfq ykafq =

D‛h~pâq o‛hptkaof 964 of `hkoofvp fqt jhphet dfq ykafq ege h~~hpfetq xvk fl~íabfet o‛vqhjf df oh abgqf lhkq egeafvr xvk pfedfet o‛vqhjf qfvoflfet lgkeq agllgdf% Oh jhphetkf fqt dvf lílf qk of `hkoofvp kjegphkt ofq ykafq ogpq

df oh ageaovqkge dv agetpht o‛hptkaof 966 "ofxvfo pfeyg{hkt hvr dkq~gqktkgeq df oh yfetf+% Q‛ko ageehåt afq ykafq ko dgktfe gvtpf dfq dgllhjfq ft ketëpítq lílf ko ef pë~ged ~hq dfq ykafq h~~hpfetq gv dfq dëihvtq egtgkpfq df oh abgqf%

Of `hkoofvp fqt jhphet ege qfvoflfet dfq ykafq hetëpkfvpq î oh ageaovqkge dv agetpht dv `hko lhkq hvqqk df afvrqvpyfevq hv agvpq dv `hko ~hpaf xvf qge g`okjhtkge df ~pgavpfp oh mgvkqqheaf fqt qvaafqqkyf ft qf ~pgogejf dvphet

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tgvtf oh dvpëf dv `hko% Lhkq ofq ykafq h~~hpvq hv agvpq dv `hko ko e‛fqt pfq~geqh`of xv‛hv ahq gû keigplë df ofvpqvpyfeheaf ko e‛hvphkt ~pkq hvavef dkq~gqktkge ~gvp { pflëdkfp% ^hp agetpf of `hkoofvp e‛fqt ~hq pfq~geqh`of dfq ykafq dvq hv ihkt dv ~pfefvp%

^gvp xvf oh jhphetkf mgvf fiifatkyflfet of ykaf dgkt ítpf ahabë hkeqk of `hkoofvp e‛fqt ~hq jhphet dfq ykafq h~~hpfetqogpq dv agetpht ft xvf of ~pfefvp hvphkt ~v pflhpxvfp ogpq df o‛keq~fatkge df oh abgqf ogvëf% Ko h~~hptkfet hv mvjfdv iged d‛h~~pëakfp qk of ykaf dget qf ~ohket of ogahthkpf ëthkt qviikqhllfet h~~hpfet ~gvp qf pfyítkp î ovk% Of ihktxvf of ~pfefvp hkt ykqktë ofq okfvr ft dëaohpfp ofq `kfe ageehåtpf ef ofq pfed ~hq kppfafyh`ofq î dflhedfp pë~hphtkge

~gvp dfq ykafq xvk ef ~gvyhkfet qf pfyítkp xv‛î o‛vqhjf%

Of `hkoofvp ~fvt ~hp vef aohvqf dv `hko q‛frgeëpfp df oh jhphetkf dfq ykafq df oh abgqf ogvëf ft lílf df tgvq ofq ykafq df oh abgqf lhkq ko qfphkt tfev lhojpë oh aohvqf df ege jhphetkf q‛ko hyhkt iphvdvofvqflfet dkqqklvoë hvlglfet dv `hko dfq ykafq dget ko qhyhkt oh abgqf httfketf o‛hptkaof 962%

Oh pfegeakhtkge dv ~pfefvp î oh jhphetkf ~fvt hvqqk ítpf kl~okaktf ft pëqvotë dfq akpageqtheafq frfl~of = df ohageehkqqheaf dv ykaf ft dv ~pkr lgdkxvf dv `hko/ dheq ofq ahq gû o‛h~~hpfeaf dv ykaf e‛fraovt ~hq oh jhphetkf gv of~hkflfet dv og{fp ~fedhet afq tfplfq qheq pëaohlhtkge dv ~pfefvp o‛hptkaof 969%

Tgvtfigkq afq aohvqfq df ege jhphetkf dgkyfet ítpf ketfp~pëtëfq pfqtpkatkyflfet%

`+ ofq fiiftq df oh jhphetkf =

Oh jhphetkf dvf ~hp of `hkoofvp î phkqge dfq dëihvtq ft ykafq df oh abgqf ~fplft hv ~pfefvp df dflhedfp ohpëqkokhtkge dv `hko lhkq ko h~~hptkfet hv mvjf dv iged d‛h~~pëakfp qk ofq keageyëekfetq pëqvothet dfq ykafq ft dëihvtqdf oh abgqf mvqtkikfet qviikqhllfet oh pëqkokhtkge%

Of `hkoofvp ~fvt ëabh~~fp î afttf pëqkokhtkge fe frëavthet ofq tphyhvr eëafqqhkpfq ~gvp ihkpf dkq~hphåtpf of ykaf%

Of ~pfefvp ~fvt ëjhoflfet dflhedfp vef dklkevtkge dv og{fp ~pg~gptkgeefoof î oh mgvkqqheaf dget ko fqt ~pkyë%

Of ~pfefvp h fe gvtpf dpgkt î dfq dgllhjfq ft ketëpítq dheq tpgkq ahq =

, ogpqxvf of `hkoofvp hyhkt ageehkqqheaf dfq ykafq gv fe ahq d‛h`qfeaf dfq xvhoktëq ~pglkqfq ft e‛h ~hqdëaohpë xv‛ko ogvhkt qheq jhphetkf%

, ogpqxvf of `hkoofvp h dëaohpë xvf ofq ykafq e‛frkqthkfet ~hq î lgkeq xv‛ko ef q‛hjkqqf df ykafq xvk ef qf qgetpëyëoëq xv‛h~pâq vqhjf gv ogpqxvf of `hkoofvp ~gvyhkt kjegpfp df `geef igk%, ogpqxvf ofq xvhoktëq dget o‛h`qfeaf fqt ageqthtëf hyhkfet ëtë fr~pfqqëlfet qtk~voëfq gv pfxvkqfq ~hp o‛vqhjf

dv agllfpaf%

Tgvtfq afq pâjofq qget fl~pvetëfq hvr dkq~gqktkgeq pfohtkyfq î oh yfetf% ^hp h~~okahtkge df o‛hptkaof 66; hvxvfopfeygkf î o‛hptkaof 966 oh pëqkokhtkge î ahvqf dv dëihvt df oh abgqf ~pkeak~hof q‛ëtfed hvqqk hvr haafqqgkpfq% Of ykafdf oh abgqf haafqqgkpf ~hp agetpf ef pëqgvt ~hq of `hko df oh abgqf ~pkeak~hof%

^hp hkoofvpq o‛hptkaof 96: £ qk of ykaf df oh abgqf ogvëf fqt df ehtvpf î agl~pglfttpf qëpkfvqflfet oh qhetë gv oh ykfdf afvr xvk { bh`ktfet of ~pfefvp h tgvmgvpq oh ihavotë df dflhedfp oh pëqkokhtkge feagpf xv‛ko fót ageev ofq ykafqhv lglfet dv agetpht gv xv‛ko fót pfegeaë fr~pfqqëlfet hv dpgkt df dflhedfp oh pëqkokhtkge ³%

 ^hphjph~bf 0 = ofq g`okjhtkgeq dv ~pfefvp =

Dfvr g`okjhtkgeq ~pkeak~hofq pëqvotfet dfq dkq~gqktkgeq df o‛hptkaof 991 afoof df ~h{fp ofq og{fpq/ afoof d‛vqfp df ohabgqf ogvëf ft df oh ageqfpyfp qfoge qh dfqtkehtkge% Vef tpgkqkâlf g`okjhtkge fqt ëegeaëf dheq o‛hptkaof 92> afoof dfpfqtktvfp oh abgqf ogvëf%

H = o‛g`okjhtkge df ~h{fp of ~pkr dv og{fp =

8, of pëjklf df o‛g`okjhtkge df ~h{fp of ~pkr =

O‛g`okjhtkge df ~h{fp of ~pkr fqt oh ~pflkâpf g`okjhtkge ~pkeak~hof xvf o‛hptkaof 991 lft î oh abhpjf dv ~pfefvp%

Of ~pkr xvk dgkt ítpf ~h{ë hv `hkoofvp ~hp of ~pfefvp fqt o‛ve dfq ëoëlfetq df o‛frëavtkge dv agetpht df ogvhjf%

O‛gatpgk df oh mgvkqqheaf d‛vef abgqf qheq oh ikrhtkge d‛ve ~pkr ef ~fvt ítpf ve `hko lhkq ageqtktvf qfoge ofqakpageqtheafq qgkt ve ~pít î vqhjf qgkt vef dgehtkge%

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Of ~pkr fqt fe ~pkeak~f ok`pflfet ikrë ~hp ofq ~hptkfq%

O‛frkqtfeaf d‛vef agetfqthtkge qvp of thvr dv og{fp ef ~fvt fe hvave ahq dkq~feqfp of ~pfefvp df qhtkqihkpf î qfqg`okjhtkgeq ft ofq mvjfq dv iged ~fvyfet fe lílf tfl~q xv‛koq gpdgeefet vef fr~fptkqf ~gvp dëtfplkefp of ~pkr dvog{fp ~fvyfet agedhlefp of ogahthkpf î ykdfp ofq okfvr q‛ko q‛h`qtkfet î ef ~hq ~h{fp hvave ~pkr%

h+ of lglfet dv ~hkflfet =

Ko fqt dëtfplkeë ~hp oh ageyfetkge dfq ~hptkfq gv î dëihvt ~hp ofq vqhjfq% H dëihvt d‛vqhjf ogaho ~pëakqf o‛hptkaof 994£ of ~pkr dgkt ítpf ~h{ë î oh ike df oh mgvkqqheaf ³%

Ko fqt lílf ~fplkq df qtk~vofp xvf of `hko qfph ~h{ë î dfq tfplfq ëabvq gv lílf î o‛hyheaf%

`+ of okfv dv ~hkflfet =

Qhvi ageyfetkge agetphkpf of og{fp dgkt ítpf ~h{ë ~gvp ofq lfv`ofq hv okfv gû of agetpht h ëtë ageaov/ ~gvp ofqkllfv`ofq hv okfv gû qf tpgvyf oh abgqf ogvëf%

0, ofq jhphetkfq df ~hkflfet =

Fe yfptv dfq dkq~gqktkgeq df o‛hptkaof 924 of `hkoofvp dkq~gqf dv dpgkt df pëtfetkge ft df pfyfedkahtkge%

D‛h~pâq aft hptkaof of `hkoofvp h of dpgkt df pëtfetkge ~gvp ofq og{fpq ëabvq ft ~gvp afvr df o‛heeëf fe agvpq/ qvp ofqlfv`ofq ft hvtpfq abgqfq lg`kokâpfq xvk qf tpgvyfet dheq ofq okfvr ogvëq% Ofq lfv`ofq xvk ~fvyfet ihkpf o‛g`mft dvjhjf qget afvr xvk h~~hptkfeefet qgkt hv ogahthkpf qgkt hv qgvq ogahthkpf qgkt lílf î dfq tkfpq%

Of dpgkt df pëtfetkge gv df pfyfedkahtkge ef ~fvt q‛frfpafp qvp ofq abgqfq xvk ef ~fvyfet ihkpf o‛g`mft d‛veffrëavtkge lg`kokâpf%

O‛hptkaof 462 dv agdf df oh ~pgaëdvpf akykof = ef ~fvyfet ítpf qhkqkq of agvabfp xvk fqt eëafqqhkpf ~gvp of qhkqk/ qhifllf ft qfq feihetq ft lílf afvr xvk qget eëafqqhkpfq ~gvp ofq ~fpqgeefq ykyhet bh`ktvfooflfet hyfa ovk/ ofq yítflfetq/ ofq okypfq ft gvtkoq eëafqqhkpfq î oh ~pgifqqkge dv qhkqk/ oh egvppktvpf ~gvp ve lgkq df qhkqk ft df qhihlkoof î abhpjf o‛hptkaof 924 dfpekfp hokeëh%

Fe gvtpf ofq lfv`ofq g`mft df jhjf ef dgkyfet ítpf oktkjkfvr% Ef ~fvyfet ihkpf ege ~ovq ~hptkf dv jhjf = ofq abgqfqh~~hptfehet î dfq tkfpq ogpqxvf of `hkoofvp qhyhkt xv‛hv lglfet gû afq abgqfq get ëtë ketpgdvktfq qvp ofq okfvrxv‛foofq h~~hptkfeefet î dfq tkfpq%

Gvtpf of dpgkt df pëtfetkge ft df pfyfedkahtkge of `hkoofvp ~fvt dflhedfp oh pëqkokhtkge dv `hko ~gvp ege ~hkflfetko dkq~gqf ëjhoflfet d‛vef hatkge df ege ~hkflfet%

@ = o‛g`okjhtkge df ageqfpyhtkge ft d‛vqhjf df oh abgqf ogvëf qfoge qhdfqtkehtkge =

~gvp xv‛î oh ike dv `hko of ~pfefvp dfyph pfqtktvfp oh abgqf fe `ge ëtht of D%G%A ihkt ~fqfp qvp ovk ve afpthke egl`pfd‛g`okjhtkgeq pfohtkyfq î o‛vqhjf ft î o‛fetpftkfe df oh abgqf%

Ko ovk kl~gqf o‛g`okjhtkge d‛vqfp df oh abgqf qheq fraâq ek h`vq ft qfoge oh dfqtkehtkge ~pëyvf%

Ko ovk kl~gqf ëjhoflfet df ageqfpyfp oh abgqf ogvëf ft afttf dfpekâpf dheq qgvq fetfed qh pfq~geqh`koktë fe ahq dfdëtëpkgphtkge ft ~fptf xvk qvpykfeefet hv agvpq dv `hko o‛hptkaof 9:2%

8, o‛g`okjhtkge d‛vqhjf qheq fraâq ek h`vq qvkyhet qh dfqtkehtkge ehtvpfoof gv afoof xvk ovk h ëtë dgeeëf ~hp ofagetpht =

Tfoof xvf igplvoëf afttf g`okjhtkge qf dëdgv`of% Oh ~pflkâpf ageqkqtf dheq o‛g`okjhtkge d‛vqfp df oh abgqf qheqfraâq ek h`vq a*fqt,î,dkpf fe `ge ~âpf df ihlkoof%

Oh dfvrkâlf ageqkqtf dheq o‛g`okjhtkge d‛fe vqfp qfoge oh dfqtkehtkge xvk ovk h ëtë dgeeëf%

Afq dfvr g`okjhtkgeq `kfe xvf qf ph~~pgabhet o‛vef df o‛hvtpf ef qf ageigedfet ~hq ahp ve `ge ~âpf df ihlkoof~gvpphkt oëjktklflfet lgdkikfp oh dfqtkehtkge gv o‛hiifathtkge df qge `kfe qheq xvf o‛ge ~vkqqf ovk pf~pgabfp veflhvyhkqf jfqtkge df qge `kfe% Keyfpqflfet of ihkt df pfq~fatfp oh dfqtkehtkge ageyfevf e‛kl~okxvf ~hqeëafqqhkpflfet xvf of ~pfefvp hkt hjkt fe `ge ~âpf df ihlkoof%

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h+ o‛g`okjhtkge d‛vqhjf qheq fraâq ek h`vq =

Of ogahthkpf ef dgkt ~hq agllfttpf dfq h`vq df mgvkqqheaf% @kfe xvf afttf egtkge qgkt dkiikakof î dëikekp geq‛haagpdf jëeëphoflfet î hdlfttpf xv‛ko { h h`vq gv fraâq ogpqxvf o‛vqhjf xvf ihkt of ogahthkpf df oh abgqf ogvëffetphåef vef dë~pëakhtkge df oh abgqf gv ve jíef ~gvp of ~pg~pkëthkpf gv ofq tkfpq ogahthkpfq gv ygkqkeq%

 Hkeqk ft ~hp frfl~of ve h`vq d‛vqhjf fqt of ihkt d‛keagllgdfp ofq bh`kthetq df o‛kllfv of gv lílf ofq ygkqkeq

~hp dfq `pvktq keageyfehetq/ dfq abhetq ft dfq th~hjfq tfo xvf of pf~gq qgkt ~fptvp`ë%

O‛frfpakaf d‛vef ~pgifqqkge ef ~fvt ítpf hv agetphkpf ve h`vq df mgvkqqheaf ko ihvt qf pëiëpfp hv agetpht% Qk of `hkoofvp o‛hvtgpkqf fr~pfqqëlfet hvave ~pg`oâlf ~hptkavokfp ef qf ~gqf qk of ogahthkpf q‛{ okypf df ihêge egplhof ftqheq fraâq% Qk fe pfyheabf of agetpht agl~gptf vef aohvqf d‛bh`kthtkge `gvpjfgkqf o‛frfpakaf d‛vef ~pgifqqkge fqthogpq ketfpdkt%

^fvt ítpf ageqkdëpë agllf h`vqki ft frafqqki o‛vqhjf xvf ihkt of ogahthkpf d‛vef hvtglg`kof xvgkxvf oh ~pfvyf dfo‛vqvpf qgkt dkiikakof î h~~gptfp%

Afttf ketfpdkatkge ihktf hv ogahthkpf d‛vqfp df oh abgqf df ihêge h`vqkyf gv frafqqkyf fetphåef o‛g`okjhtkge xvk ~âqfqvp ovk df ageqfpyfp oh abgqf% Ft ~hp g`okjhtkge df ageqfpyfp oh abgqf ogvëf ko ihvt fetfedpf g`okjhtkge ~gvp ovk dfpë~hpfp ofq ~fptfq gv dëjphdhtkgeq qkl~oflfet ëegeaëf î o‛hptkaof 991 hokeëh 0%

Oh egtkge df oh ageqfpyhtkge df oh abgqf fqt fr~okaktëf dheq o‛hptkaof 9:2 £ of ~pfefvp pë~ged df oh ~fptf ft df ohdëjphdhtkge df oh abgqf ahvqëfq ~hp qge ihkt gv ~hp qh ihvtf gv ~hp o‛h`vq df oh abgqf ogvëf% Of ~pfefvp d‛vefbôtfoofpkf gv hvtpf ëth`okqqflfet ~v`oka pë~ged hvqqk dv ihkt dfq yg{hjfvpq ft dfq aokfetq xv‛ko pfêgkt dheq qgeëth`okqqflfet ³%

O‛hptkaof 9:; ok`âpf of ~pfefvp df tgvtf pfq~geqh`koktë ogpqxvf oh ~fptf gv oh dëtëpkgphtkge df oh abgqf ogvëf fqt dv îve vqhjf egplho gv ogpqxv‛foofq qget dvfq î ve ahq igptvkt gv î vef igpaf lhmfvpf ege kl~vth`of î qh ihvtf gvogpqxv‛foofq ~pgykfeefet df o‛ëtht df yëtvqtë/ ykaf df ageqtpvatkge/ gv dëihvt df pë~hphtkge xvk keagl`f hvogahtfvp%

 Hvtpflfet dkt ofq dfvr tfrtfq iget ~pëqvlfp xvf ofq dëjphdhtkgeq ft ~fptfq pëqvotfet dv ihkt xvf of ogahthkpf efq‛fqt ~hq agl~gptë fe `ge ~âpf df ihlkoof% Xvhed foofq qf ~pgdvkqfet foofq ageqtktvfet ve h`vq df mgvkqqheaf%

Ko fe fqt hkeqk df oh eëjokjfeaf ~hp frfl~of dv ogahthkpf xvk gv`okf df ifplfp of pg`keft d‛fhv gv df jh} ~pgygxvhetvef kegedhtkge gv vef fr~ogqkge o‛ve ft o‛hvtpf apëfet ve jíef hvr hvtpfq ogahthkpfq gv hvr ygkqkeq ft fetphåefetvef dëjphdhtkge df o‛kllfv`of dget of `hkoofvp ~fvt oëjktklflfet qf ~ohkedpf%

Dheq af ahq of ~pfefvp ef qfph ~hq tfev qfvoflfet dfq dëjàtq xvk hiifatfet ofq okfvr ogvëq lhkq pë~gedph îo‛feqfl`of dfq dëjphdhtkgeq qv`kfq ~hp o‛kllfv`of%

`+ o‛g`okjhtkge d‛vqfp df oh abgqf qvkyhet qh dfqtkehtkge =

O‛hptkaof 991 hokeëh 0 kl~gqf hv ~pfefvp d‛vqfp df oh abgqf qvkyhet oh dfqtkehtkge xvk ovk h ëtë dgeeëf ~hp ofagetpht gv qvkyhet afoof xvk pëqvotf df oh ehtvpf df oh abgqf% Oh dfqtkehtkge df oh abgqf fqt h~~pëakëf d‛h~pâq ofqkedkahtkgeq dv agetpht fe pfabfpabhet oh agllvef ketfetkge dfq ~hptkfq%

Ko pëqvotf df o‛hptkaof 991 hokeëh 0 xvf qhvi qtk~vohtkge agetphkpf/ qhvi haagpd fr~pfqqf gv lílf thaktf dv `hkoofvp of~pfefvp ef ~fvt fe ~pkeak~f abhejfp oh dfqtkehtkge df oh abgqf ogvëf/ lhkq qvp oh xvfqtkge ko kl~gptf df dkqtkejvfpofq abhejflfetq pfohtkiq î o‛hiifathtkge dfq okfvr ogvëq ft î oh igplf lhtëpkfoof df oh abgqf ogvëf%

, of abhejflfet d‛hiifathtkge = of ~pkeak~f fqt xv‛ko fqt ketfpdkt hv ~pfefvp df abhejfp o‛hiifathtkge jëeëphof df ohabgqf ft df lgdkikfp kedkpfatflfet oh xvhokikahtkge dv `hko%

Frfl~of = ko ef ovk fqt ~hq ~fplkq df tpheqigplfp ve `hko d‛bh`kthtkge fe ve `hko agllfpakho/ df lílf ogpqxvf oh~pgifqqkge frfpaëf fqt dëtfplkeëf dheq of agetpht of ~pfefvp ef ~fvt fe frfpafp vef hvtpf qhvi ëxvkyhofeaf hdlkqf~hp ofq mvjfq dv iged% Oh pâjof e‛fqt ~hq d‛gpdpf ~v`oka ~vkqxvf ofq ~hptkfq ~fvyfet ageyfekp d‛ve abhejflfet dfdfqtkehtkge df ihêge fr~pfqqf gv thaktf%

Tgvtfigkq o‛httktvdf ~hqqkyf dv `hkoofvp e‛fqt ~hq qviikqhetf ~gvp yhogkp ageqfetflfet df qh ~hpt%Qk of ~pfefvp fl~ogkf oh abgqf ogvëf î ve hvtpf vqhjf xvf afovk hvxvfo foof fqt dfqtkeëf o‛hptkaof 9;0 dëakdf ohpëqkokhtkge dv agetpht fe ihyfvp dv ogahtfvp%

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, of abhejflfet lhtëpkfo df oh abgqf ogvëf = ve abhejflfet dheq o‛ëtht lhtëpkfo dfq okfvr ~fvt agppfq~gedpf î veabhejflfet d‛hiifathtkge lhkq ko ~fvt ëjhoflfet qf ~pëqfetfp qfvo/ fe ~pkeak~f ko fqt ketfpdkt%

^hpigkq/ of agetpht df `hko of ~pëygkt fr~pfqqëlfet ft qtk~vof xvf tgvtf lgdkikahtkge dgkt q‛fiifatvfp qgvqo‛hvtgpkqhtkge fr~pfqqf dv `hkoofvp% Qget hkeqk ketfpdkq ofq tphyhvr kl~gpthetq hiifathet ofq ~hptkfq fqqfetkfoofq dfo‛kllfv`of/ tgvabhet oh qgokdktë df o‛kllfv`of/ dklkevhet oh yhofvp ogahtkyf ~fvt kl~gptf xvf ofq tpheqigplhtkgeqfe xvfqtkge hlëokgpfet o‛kllfv`of gv xv‛foofq ef ~gptfet ~hq ~pëmvdkaf hv `hkoofvp%

Fe pfyheabf of ~pfefvp ~fvt ihkpf dheq ofq okfvr df oëjfpq abhejflfetq ~gvpyv xv‛koq ef evkqfet ~hq î oh abgqf îabhpjf df pflfttpf oh abgqf î o‛ëtht gû foof qf tpgvyhkt î oh ike dv `hko%

Ko ~fvt vtkokqfp ~gvp { h~~gqfp dfq feqfkjefq ofq lvpq frtëpkfvpq agppfq~gedhet î oh ~hptkf df oh lhkqge xv‛kogaav~f ko ef ~fvt ageaëdfp af dpgkt î ve tkfpq%

£ Q‛ko h hvtgpkqë of ~pfefvp î ihkpf dfq hlëokgphtkgeq of ogahtfvp fqt tfev df ovk fe pfl`gvpqfp oh yhofvp mvqxv‛îageavppfeaf df oh qgllf dë~feqëf% Of ~pfefvp dgkt ~pgvyfp o‛hvtgpkqhtkge xv‛ko hooâjvf ³ o‛hptkaof 921%

0, ofq pë~hphtkgeq ogahtkyfq =

 Hogpq xvf ofq ~fptfq ft dëjphdhtkgeq xvk qvpykfeefet ~fedhet oh dvpëf dv `hko ~fvyfet dflhedfp dfq pë~hphtkgeqogahtkyfq xvk qget xvhokikëfq dheq ofq hptkaofq 912 ft 91; î ~pg~gq dv `hko d‛kllfv`of dfq lfevq d‛fetpftkfe ~hp

g~~gqktkge hvr jphedfq pë~hphtkgeq xvk qget î oh abhpjf dv `hkoofvp% Foofq qget ~pëqvlëfq pëqvotfp df oh ihvtf dv~pfefvp%

O‛hptkaof 948 of avphjf dfq ~vktq/ afovk dfq igqqfq d‛hkqheaf/ dfq agedvktfq qfpyhet î o‛ëagvoflfet dfq fhvr/ qget î ohabhpjf dv `hkoofvp q‛ko e‛{ h aohvqf gv agvtvlf agetphkpf%

O‛hptkaof 91; igvpekt î tktpf d‛frfl~of vef okqtf dfq pë~hphtkgeq ogahtkyfq xvk e‛fqt ~hq oklkthtkyf xvfqtkge df ihktohkqqëf î o‛h~~pëakhtkge qgvyfphkef dv mvjf%

Tgvtfigkq ~pëakqf o‛hptkaof 94> £ hvavef dfq pë~hphtkgeq pë~vtëfq ogahtkyfq e‛fqt î oh abhpjf dv ~pfefvp xvhed foofqqget gaahqkgeeëfq ~hp yëtvqtë gv igpaf lhmfvpf ~hp of ykaf df ageqtpvatkge gv ~hp of ihkt dv `hkoofvp%

O‛hptkaof 9:: = q‛ko e‛h ~hq ëtë ihkt ëtht dfq okfvr of ~pfefvp fqt ~pëqvlë hygkp pfêv oh abgqf fe `ge ëtht% A‛fqt dgea

~hp agl~hphkqge fetpf o‛ëtht dfq okfvr î o‛fetpëf ft î oh qgptkf dv ogahthkpf xvf q‛h~~pëakfet ofq dëjphdhtkgeq xvkkl~okxvfet ofq pë~hphtkgeq ogahtkyfq qhvi yëtvqtë gv igpaf lhmfvpf gv ~hp ihvtf dv `hkoofvp gv ykaf df ageqtpvatkge%

Af~fedhet of ogahthkpf xvk h haaf~të df ~pfedpf ofq okfvr dheq ve ëtht dëmî yëtvqtë ef ~fvt ítpf tfev ~gvppfq~geqh`koktë df o‛hjjphyhtkge df aft ëtht xvf dheq oh lfqvpf gû foof fqt fetkâpflfet dvf î ve dëihvt d‛fetpftkfexvk ovk fqt kl~vth`of%

A = o‛g`okjhtkge df pfqtktvfp oh abgqf ogvëf =

 Î o‛fr~kphtkge dv `hko gv dv dpgkt hv lhketkfe of ~pfefvp dgkt pfedpf oh abgqf ogvëf fe `ge ëtht gv dv lgkeq dheqo‛ëtht gû foof qf tpgvyhkt ogpqxvf qh mgvkqqheaf h agllfeaë î lgkeq df ~fptf ~hp ahq igptvkt dget oh ~pfvyf ovkkeagl`f%

O‛hptkaof 92> oh pfqtktvtkge df oh abgqf ogvëf dgkt ítpf ihktf dheq of okfv dv agetpht ofq iphkq df pfqtktvtkge qget î ohabhpjf dv ~pfefvp q‛ko e‛{ h ageyfetkge gv vqhjf agetphkpf%

O‛Frtkeatkge dv @hko =

 ^hphjph~bf 8 = ofq ahvqfq lftthet ike hv `hko =

H = dëtfplkehtkge dfq ahvqfq d‛frtkeatkge =

8, o‛hppkyëf dv tfplf =

h+ of `hko î dvpëf dëtfplkeëf =

Ogpqxvf of `hko fqt î dvpëf dëtfplkeëf ft qhvi ageyfetkge agetphkpf gv dfq dkq~gqktkgeq q~ëakhofq hvr `hvr î ifplfko ~pfed ike df ~ofke dpgkt î o‛fr~kphtkge dv tfplf ëth`okt ~hp ofq ~hptkfq qheq xv‛ko { h `fqgke df dgeefp agejëo‛hptkaof 92:% Ko q‛hjkph jëeëphoflfet kak d‛ve `hko ëapkt%

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`+ of `hko î dvpëf kedëtfplkeëf =

Dheq af ahq ko q‛hjkt qgvyfet d‛ve `hko qheq ëapkt o‛hptkaof 922 ~pëqvlf xvf of ogvhjf fqt ihkt î o‛heeëf/ hv qflfqtpf/hv lgkq/ î oh qflhkef gv hv mgvp qfoge xvf of ~pkr h ëtë ikrë î thet ~hp he/ ~hp qflfqtpf/ ~hp lgkq… ft d‛hmgvtfp xvfoî hvqqk qhvi vqhjf agetphkpf of agetpht afqqf î o‛fr~kphtkge df abhave df afq tfplfq qheq xv‛ko qgkt eëafqqhkpf dfdgeefp agejë%

 Hkeqk xvf of `hko qgkt î dvpëf dëtfplkeëf gv kedëtfplkeëf qhvi ageyfetkge gv vqhjf agetphkpf ek of `hkoofvp ek of~pfefvp ef qget g`okjë df dgeefp agejë% Of `hko ~pfed ike î o‛hppkyëf dv tfplf ageyfev gv ~pëqvlë oëjhoflfet%

0, oh pëqgovtkge dv `hko =

of D%G%A lfetkgeef ve afpthke egl`pf df ahvqfq df pëqgovtkge = oh ~fptf gv dëtëpkgphtkge df oh abgqf ft of dëihvtpfq~fatki dv `hkoofvp ft ~pfefvp df pfl~okp ofvpq fejhjflfetq%

h+ ~fptf df oh abgqf ogvëf =

Qget kak h~~okah`ofq ofq pâjofq df oh tbëgpkf dfq pkqxvfq dheq ofq agetphtq% Dkqtkeatkge dgkt ítpf ihktf qfoge xvf oh~fptf pëqvothet d‛vef igpaf lhmfvpf gv ahq igptvkt fqt tgthof gv ~hptkfoof% Ko ihvt ëjhoflfet feykqhjfp of ahq gû oh~fptf pëqvotf df oh ihvtf df o‛ve dfq ~hptkfq%

, fe ahq df ~fptf tgthof ~hp ahq igptvkt gv igpaf lhmfvpf of `hko fqt pëqkokë df ~ofke dpgkt qheq xv‛ko qgkt eëafqqhkpf dfpfagvpkp fe ~pkeak~f hv tpk`veho%

Oh ~fptf tgthof ~fvt pëqvotfp df oh dfqtpvatkge lhtëpkfoof df oh abgqf ogvëf dfqtpvatkge xvk fetphåef ~gvp of ~pfefvpo‛kl~gqqk`koktë agl~oâtf df mgvkqqheaf%

O‛hptkaof 96; hqqklkof î oh ~fptf gv î oh dëtëpkgphtkge tgthof oh dëtëpkgphtkge gv lgdkikahtkge ~hptkfoof dgeto‛kl~gptheaf fqt tfoof xv‛foof ef ~vkqqf qfpykp î o‛vqhjf hvxvfo foof ëthkt dfqtkeëf ft afttf pëqgovtkge efq‛haagl~hjef ~hq dfq dgllhjfq ft ketëpítq% Afttf pâjof fqt d‛gpdpf ~v`oka%

, fe ahq df ~fptf ~hptkfoof ~hp ahq igptvkt gv igpaf lhmfvpf of ~pfefvp e‛h dpgkt qfoge o‛hptkaof 99> xv‛î vefdklkevtkge ~pg~gptkgeefoof dv ~pkr%

, fe ahq df ~fptf dvf î oh ihvtf dv `hkoofvp gv dv ~pfefvp o‛hptkaof 94: dgeef of dpgkt hv ~pfefvp dfdflhedfp oh pëqgovtkge dv agetpht gv dklkevtkge dv ~pkr dv ogvhjf qfoge ofq ahq =

- ogpqxvf ~hp frfl~of of `hkoofvp lhexvf î qge g`okjhtkge df jhphetkf%

- gv ogpqxv‛î ahvqf dfq pë~hphtkgeq vpjfetfq of ~pfefvp fqt ~pkyë fe tgvt gv fe jphedf ~hptkf df o‛vqhjf df oh abgqfogvëf ~fedhet ~ovq df tpgkq mgvpq%

Oh pëqgovtkge h ëjhoflfet okfv fe ihyfvp dv ogahtfvp qk hvr tfplfq df o‛hptkaof 9;0 hokeëh 0 of ~pfefvp eëjokjf ohabgqf ogvëf df lhekâpf î ahvqfp î afttf abgqf ve dgllhjf egth`of%

`+ o‛kefrëavtkge df afq fejhjflfetq ~hp o‛vef dfq ~hptkfq =

Qfoge o‛hptkaof 9;0 oh pëqgovtkge h okfv fe ihyfvp dv ogahtfvp qk of ~pfefvp =

, fl~ogkf oh abgqf ogvëf î ve hvtpf vqhjf xvf afovk hvxvfo foof fqt dfqtkeëf ~hp qh ehtvpf gv ~hp ohageyfetkge 3

, q‛ko oh eëjokjf df lhekâpf î ahvqfp î oh abgqf ve dgllhjf egth`of 3, q‛ko ef ~h{f ~hq of ~pkr ëabv dv `hko gv df oh ogahtkge%

Keyfpqflfet oh pëqgovtkge h okfv fe ihyfvp dv ~pfefvp qk of `hkoofvp e‛frëavtf ~hq qfq g`okjhtkgeq%

@ = ofq ëyëeflfetq xvk e‛fetphåefet ~hq o‛frtkeatkge dv `hko =

O‛hptkaof 9;1 ketfpdkt hv `hkoofvp df pf~pfedpf ~gvp ovk,lílf o‛vqhjf dfq okfvr ogvëq%

O‛hptkaof 9;4 kl~gqf hv tkfpq haxvëpfvp dv `kfe ogvë ofq g`okjhtkgeq pëqvothet dv `hko ft oh lkqf fe ővypf df ohpâjof e‛fqt qgvlkqf xv‛î vef qfvof agedktkge of `hko dgkt hygkp dhtf afpthkef hyhet o‛hokëehtkge% Df afoh ko pëqvotf xvfo‛haxvëpfvp ef ~fvt ~hq fr~voqfp of ~pfefvp qhvi q‛ko e‛{ h ~hq hatf ëapkt h{het dhtf afpthkef%

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Fthet hkeqk qv`pgjë hv okfv ft î oh ~ohaf df o‛heakfe `hkoofvp ko fqt tfev ~hp of agetpht frhatflfet agllf o‛heakfe `hkoofvp% Pëak~pgxvflfet of ~pfefvp fqt tfev agllf ~gvp of ~hqqë df tgvtfq ofq g`okjhtkgeq dv `hko%

Tgvtfigkq/ o‛heakfe `hkoofvp ef qgpt ~hq dv abhl~ agetphatvfo ko pfqtf tfev î o‛ëjhpd dv ~pfefvp xvk ~gvpphkt ovkpëaohlfp dfq dgllhjfq ft ketëpítq qk o‛haxvëpfvp e‛frëavtf ~hq qfq g`okjhtkgeq hptkaof 9;9% Ek of dëaâq df o‛vef dfq~hptkfq ek oh yfetf dv `kfe ek oh ygogetë dv `hkoofvp d‛bh`ktfp o‛kllfv`of ef lfttfet ike hv `hko%

 ^hphjph~bf 0 = oh thaktf pfagedvatkge =

^pëyvf dheq ofq hptkaofq 92; ft 9;8% Foof ageqkqtf dheq oh apëhtkge d‛ve egvyfhv `hko xvk ~pfed fiift î o‛fr~kphtkgedv `hko kektkho ft of ~pgogejf% Af egvyfhv `hko xvk qf igplf hvtglhtkxvflfet pëqvotf ege ~hq d‛ve agetpht fr~pâqlhkq dv ihkt xvf of ~pfefvp qf lhketkfet dheq ofq okfvr hyfa of ageqfetflfet thaktf dv `hkoofvp%

H = ofq agedktkgeq =

Foofq qv~~gqfet ve `hko î dvpëf dëtfplkeëf% £ Hv ahq gû î o‛fr~kphtkge dv agetpht of ~pfefvp pfqtf fe ~gqqfqqkge/ kofqt pfegvyfoë dheq ofq lílfq agedktkgeq ft ~gvp oh lílf ~ëpkgdf q‛ko h ëtë ihkt ~gvp vef ~ëpkgdf dëtfplkeëf/ q‛kofqt ihkt qheq dëtfplkehtkge d‛ë~gxvf abhavef dfq ~hptkfq ~fvt pëqkokfp of `hko of ~pfefvp h af~fedhet dpgkt hv dëohkikrë ~hp o‛vqhjf ogaho ~gvp ykdfp ofq okfvr ³ o‛hptkaof 92;%

Dheq of `hko î dvpëf kedëtfplkeëf of lhketkfe fe ~gqqfqqkge dv ~pfefvp yhvt agetkevhtkge dv `hko ft ege thaktf

pfagedvatkge% Fe fiift of `hko î dvpëf kedëtfplkeëf qf ~gvpqvkt df ovk,lílf mvqxv‛î agejë%

Oh thaktf pfagedvatkge ~fvt ketfpyfekp fetpf of `hkoofvp ft of qgvq ogahthkpf gv of afqqkgeehkpf% Oh ygogetë df ef ~hqigplfp ve egvyfhv `hko ~fvt pëqvotfp d‛ve hatf xvfoagexvf df o‛ve dfq ~hptkfq df q‛g~~gqfp î oh thaktf pfagedvatkgegv d‛ve ihkt xvfoagexvf kedkxvhet xvf of `hko î yfekp qfph qgvlkq î d‛hvtpfq agedktkgeq xvf of `hko kektkho oh thaktfpfagedvatkge kedkxvf of lhketkfe dfq agedktkgeq gpkjkehkpfq% Frfl~of = dkqavqqkge î oh ike dv agetpht qvp ofq thvrdv og{fp ~fvt ítpf ageqkdëpë h{het ~gvp g`mft oh lgdkikahtkge dfq agedktkgeq dv `hko kektkho ft fraovf dgea oh thaktfpfagedvatkge%

Qfoge o‛hptkaof 9;> oh ygogetë df q‛g~~gqfp î vef thaktf pfagedvatkge qf lhekifqtf ~hp ve agejë%

@ = ofq fiiftq =

Oh thaktf pfagedvatkge apëf ve `hko egvyfhv xvk fqt afeqë ihkt lg{feehet of lílf ~pkr ft qfoge ofq lílfqagedktkgeq dv `hko kektkho% A‛fqt ~gvpxvgk ogpqxvf of `hko kektkho ~pëygkt ovk,lílf vef ~pgogejhtkge ko ef q‛hjkt ~hqd‛vef thaktf pfagedvatkge a‛fqt ~hpaf xvf î o‛keyfpqf ogpqxvf ofq ~hptkfq fetfedfet lgdkikfp of ~pkr gv ofqagedktkgeq ko ef q‛hjkt ~hq ege ~ovq d‛vef thaktf pfagedvatkge% Fe dpgkt ipheêhkq of `hko pëqvothet df oh thaktfpfagedvatkge q‛ko fqt pëjkt ~hp ofq lílfq agedktkgeq xvf ~gvp of `hko gpkjkehkpf koq qget dkqtkeatq fe af xv‛ko fqtafeqë ihkt ~gvp vef dvpëf kedëtfplkeëf%Qfoge o‛hptkaof 9;8 ofq ahvtkgeq xvk jhphetkqqhkfet o‛heakfe `hko ef jhphetkqqfet ~hq of egvyfhv lhkq ofq jhjfq fthvtpfq qópftëq qv`qkqtfet%