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EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13480-4
May 2002
ICS 23.040.01
English version
Metallic industrial piping - Part 4: Fabrication and installation
Tuyauteries industrielles métalliques - Partie 4: Fabricationet installation
Metallische industrielle Rohrleitungen - Teil 4: Fertigungund Verlegung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 May 2002.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONC O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O NEUR OP ÄIS C HES KOM ITEE FÜR NOR M UNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.
Ref. No. EN 13480-4:2002 E
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EN 13480-4:2002 (E)Issue 6 (2006-03)
2
Contents
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................5
1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................6
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................6
3 Terms and definitions....................................................................................................................................7
4 Symbols ..........................................................................................................................................................7
5 General............................................................................................................................................................7
5.1 Requirements on the manufacturer .............................................................................................................7
5.2 Requirements on fabricators and installers of piping and supports .......................................................7
5.3 Requirements for fabrication and installation ............................................................................................8
5.4 Classification of piping .................................................................................................................................8
5.5 Material grouping...........................................................................................................................................8
5.6 Tolerances ......................................................................................................................................................9
6 Cutting and bevelling ....................................................................................................................................9
6.1 General............................................................................................................................................................9
6.2 Transfer of marking for pressure parts .......................................................................................................9
7 Bending and other forming...........................................................................................................................9
7.1 General............................................................................................................................................................9
7.2 Heat treatment after cold forming ..............................................................................................................12
7.2.1 Flat products ................................................................................................................................................12
7.2.2 Pipes..............................................................................................................................................................12
7.3 Heat treatment after hot forming................................................................................................................14
7.3.1 Material groups 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6...................................................................................................................14
7.3.2 Material groups 8.1 and 8.2.........................................................................................................................14
7.3.3 Heat treatment after hot forming for material group 10...........................................................................17
7.3.4 Heat treatment after hot forming for clad materials .................................................................................17
7.4 Tolerances ....................................................................................................................................................17
7.4.1 Out-of-roundness of bends under internal pressure equal to, or greater than, the externalpressure ........................................................................................................................................................17
7.4.2 Out-of-roundness of bends under external pressure and vacuum ........................................................18
7.4.3 Waves at bends............................................................................................................................................18
7.4.4 Start-up bulge of induction bends .............................................................................................................19
7.5 Surface finish ...............................................................................................................................................20
8 Installation of piping....................................................................................................................................20
8.1 Fixing and alignment ...................................................................................................................................20
8.2 Field run piping ............................................................................................................................................21
8.3 Flanged or similar mechanical connections .............................................................................................22
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EN 13480-4:2002 (E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
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8.3.1 Flange connections .....................................................................................................................................22
8.3.2 Threaded connections.................................................................................................................................23
8.3.3 Couplings and compression fittings .........................................................................................................23
8.4 Protection of ends of piping components.................................................................................................23
9 Welding .........................................................................................................................................................23
9.1 Welding personnel.......................................................................................................................................23
9.2 Welding procedure specifications .............................................................................................................23
9.3 Welding processes ......................................................................................................................................24
9.3.1 Verification of suitability .............................................................................................................................24
9.3.2 Application ...................................................................................................................................................24
9.4 Filler metals and auxiliary materials ..........................................................................................................24
9.5 Climatic conditions......................................................................................................................................25
9.6 Cleaning before and after welding.............................................................................................................25
9.7 Weld joint preparation.................................................................................................................................25
9.8 Edge protection............................................................................................................................................25
9.9 Assembly for welding..................................................................................................................................25
9.10 Earthing ........................................................................................................................................................26
9.11 Execution of welded joints .........................................................................................................................26
9.11.1 Preheating ....................................................................................................................................................26
9.11.2 Striking marks ..............................................................................................................................................26
9.11.3 Fillet-weld connections ...............................................................................................................................26
9.11.4 Dissimilar joints ...........................................................................................................................................27
9.12 Backing rings ...............................................................................................................................................27
9.13 Attachments .................................................................................................................................................27
9.13.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................27
9.13.2 Temporary attachments ..............................................................................................................................27
9.13.3 Permanent attachments ..............................................................................................................................27
9.14 Post-weld heat treatment ............................................................................................................................28
9.14.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................28
9.14.2 Equipment ....................................................................................................................................................31
9.14.3 Temperature measurements.......................................................................................................................31
9.14.4 Controlling thickness ..................................................................................................................................31
9.14.5 Rate of heating .............................................................................................................................................33
9.14.6 Local heat treatment....................................................................................................................................33
9.14.7 Insulation ......................................................................................................................................................34
9.15 Weld identification .......................................................................................................................................34
10 Adjustment and repair.................................................................................................................................34
10.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................34
10.2 Adjustment ...................................................................................................................................................34
10.2.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................34
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EN 13480-4:2002 (E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
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10.2.2 Adjustments by means of heat...................................................................................................................35
10.2.3 Adjustment by welding................................................................................................................................35
10.2.4 Adjustment by local forging .......................................................................................................................35
10.3 Weld repair....................................................................................................................................................35
11 Marking and documentation .......................................................................................................................35
11.1 Marking of spools and components for installation ................................................................................35
11.2 Marking of installed piping .........................................................................................................................36
11.2.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................36
11.2.2 Marking .........................................................................................................................................................36
11.3 Final documentation package ....................................................................................................................36
12 Additional requirements..............................................................................................................................37
12.1 Cleaning ........................................................................................................................................................37
12.2 Temporary preservation..............................................................................................................................37
12.3 External corrosion protection.....................................................................................................................37
12.4 Thermal and acoustic insulation................................................................................................................37
12.5 Connections for static electricity ...............................................................................................................37
Annex A (informative) Contamination and surface quality of stainless steel ....................................................39
Annex B (normative) Dimensional tolerances for fabricated spools ..................................................................42
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential safety requirementsor other provisions of EU directives..........................................................................................................44
Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................................................45
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EN 13480-4:2002 (E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
5
Foreword
This document (EN 13480-4:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 267 "Industrial piping andpipelines", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by November 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latestby November 2002.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the EuropeanFree Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
In this standard the Annex A is informative and the Annex B is normative.
This European Standard EN 13480 for metallic industrial piping consists of seven interdependent and not dissociableparts which are :
� Part 1 : General.
� Part 2 : Materials.
� Part 3 : Design.
� Part 4 : Fabrication and installation.
� Part 5 : Inspection and testing.
� Part 6 : Additional requirements for buried piping.
CEN/TR 13480-7, Guidance on the use of conformity assessment procedures.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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EN 13480-4:2002 (E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
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1 Scope
This Part of this European Standard specifies the requirements for fabrication and installation of piping systems,including supports, designed in accordance with EN 13480-3.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 287-1: 1992, Approval testing of welders – Fusion welding – Part 1: Steels.
EN 288-2, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials – Part 2 : Welding procedurespecification for arc welding.
EN 288-3, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials – Part 3 : Welding proceduretests for the arc welding of steels.
EN 288-5, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials – Part 5 : Approval by usingapproved welding consumables for arc welding.
EN 288-6, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials – Part 6 : Approval related toprevious experience.
EN 288-7, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials – Part 7 : Approval by a standardwelding procedure for arc welding.
EN 288-8, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials – Part 8 : Approval by a pre-production welding test.
EN 1418, Welding personnel – Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and resistance weld settersfor fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials
EN 10088-1, Stainless steels – Part 1 : List of stainless steels.
EN 10204:1991, Metallic materials – Types of inspection documents.
EN 13480-1, Metallic industrial piping – Part 1: General.
EN 13480-3, Metallic industrial piping – Part 3: Design and calculation.
EN 13480-5:2002, Metallic industrial piping – Part 5: Inspection and testing.
EN ISO 13920:1996, Welding – General tolerances for welded constructions – Dimensions for lengths and angles -Shape and position (ISO 13920:1996).
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CR ISO 15608:2000, Welding – Guidelines for a metallic material grouping system (ISO/TR 15608:2000).
EN 24063, Welding, brazing, soldering and braze welding of metals - Nomenclature of processes and referencenumbers for symbolic representation on drawings (ISO 4063:1990).
EN 25817, Arc-welded joints in steel - Guidance on quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817:1992).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Part of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 13480-1 togetherwith the following apply.
3.1field run pipingpiping installed without preplanning by drawings of the piping routing and the support points
NOTE Typical dimensions are DN 50 or smaller.
3.2spool (with or without overlength)prefabricated assembly of components which forms part of a piping system
3.3cold forming
3.3.1cold forming for ferritic steelsforming at temperatures 20 °C to 30 °C below the maximum permissible temperature for post-weld heat treatmentin accordance with Table 9.14.1-1
3.3.2cold forming for austenitic steelsforming at temperatures below 300 °C
3.4hot formingfor ferritic steels, forming at temperatures at or above the maximum permissible temperature for post-weld heattreatment in accordance with Table 9.14.1-1
4 Symbols
For the purposes of this Part of this European Standard, the symbols given in EN 13480-1 apply. Additionalsymbols are defined in appropriate clauses of this Part.
5 General
5.1 Requirements on the manufacturer
The manufacturer shall be responsible for the fabrication and the installation, even if this work will be sub-contracted.
5.2 Requirements on fabricators and installers of piping and supports
5.2.1 The fabricators and/or installers shall ensure the correct transport, handling, storage, fabrication andinstallation of all piping components including supports.
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EN 13480-4:2002 (E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
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5.2.2 The fabricators and installers shall have access to facilities which enable them to handle the pipingcomponents including supports correctly and to carry out the required tests.
5.2.3 The fabricators and/or installers shall employ their own responsible supervisors and competent personnel.
If sub-contractors are employed, the fabricator and/or installer shall remain responsible for their competence andthe compliance with this European Standard.
5.2.4 All stages of fabrication and installation shall be supervised in such a way as to maintain the designintegrity of the finished system.
5.2.5 Co-ordination between those responsible for design and those responsible for fabrication and/orinstallation shall be maintained at all times, to ensure that fabrication and installation is carried out in accordancewith the design specification.
5.3 Requirements for fabrication and installation
5.3.1 Prior to any operation, a check shall be made to ensure that the spools and components supplied are inaccordance with the relevant documents (specifications, drawings, certificates etc.).
5.3.2 Prefabricated spools and components shall be protected during handling, transport, and storage.
5.3.3 When joining spools or components, they shall not be strained nor deformed other than as may berequired by the design. Designer's installation instructions, if any, shall be observed.
NOTE 5.3.3 is deemed to be fulfilled, when the quality characteristics of the material are not impaired by cold or hotforming, e.g. by cutting, grinding, straightening or bending, of the pipes and when the different pipes have been joined such thatstresses and deformations which can impair the safety of the piping are excluded.
5.3.4 Any temporary supports or restraints used as an aid during transport, installation or testing shall beremoved prior to commissioning.
5.3.5 Appropriate measures shall be taken to avoid corrosion-inducing contamination of stainless steel and non-ferrous materials. If contamination occurs, it shall be properly removed as soon as practicable, notwithstanding anyfinal treatment.
NOTE Recommended methods for the prevention and removal of contamination on stainless steel are given in Annex A.
5.3.6 Piping for fluids which are likely to cause condensation shall be installed with adequate slopes and traps.
5.4 Classification of piping
The piping systems shall be classified into different classes depending on the fluid carried, diameter and pressure.These are given in EN 13480-1.
5.5 Material grouping
Material grouping shall comply with CR ISO 15608.
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EN 13480-4:2002 (E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
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5.6 Tolerances
Tolerances shall comply with EN ISO 13920:1996, class C and class G except where other classes are specified inthis European Standard.
Angular tolerances for fabricated pipework shall be determined by the dimensional tolerance for the terminal pointsof the finished part.
Alternative tolerances for fabrication and installation of pipework shall be determined and in all cases these shall beidentified in the specification. Dimensional tolerances for fabricated spools shall comply with Annex B.
6 Cutting and bevelling
6.1 General
Cutting and bevelling by machining shall be permitted for all materials.
Flame cutting shall be permitted for material groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 only with preheating as for welding.
NOTE Flame cutting for material groups 1 and 2 can be used for bevelling, if the required bevel forms and tolerances canbe achieved and the heat affected zone has no detrimental effects on the quality of the weld.
For material groups 3, 4 and 5, the heat affected zone shall be removed by machining or grinding.
Plasma cutting shall be permitted for all material groups given in this European Standard. Plasma cutting shall bepreceded by preheating, as specified for welding in 9.11.1.
Other cutting and bevelling processes shall be permitted, provided their suitability is demonstrated.
6.2 Transfer of marking for pressure parts
For pressure parts, identification of materials shall remain possible, either by retaining or by transferring the markstipulated by the product standard, or by using a unique code kept in the records of the piping fabricator.
Stamping shall not introduce a notching effect, therefore stamping with round edges is recommended.
If any method of marking other than hard-stamping or engraving (vibrograph) is used, the fabricator shall ensurethat confusion between different materials is not possible, e.g. by separate handling (time and/or place), stampedbands.
7 Bending and other forming
7.1 General
7.1.1 Fabricators of formed pressure parts shall have adequate equipment for the forming procedures and thesubsequent heat treatment.
NOTE 1 Forming of expansion bellows is specified in EN 13445-3:2002, clause 14.Lice
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EN 13480-4:2002 (E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
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Pipes with internal coating such as glass, rubber or plastics shall not be formed unless it has been demonstratedthat the forming process is not detrimental to the lining.
NOTE 2 There are two kinds of forming within the scope of this standard: cold forming and hot forming.
The thickness after bending or forming shall be not less than that required by the design.
NOTE 3 Longitudinal welds should be located at the neutral zone. The range of the neutral zone after bending is given inFigure 7.1.1-1.
Key
1 extrados2 intradosa optimal range for the longitudinal weld seam at bendingb weld seam
Figure 7.1.1-1 — Optimal range for the longitudinal weld seam at bending
7.1.2 The forming and post-forming heat treatment of thermomechanical steels shall be given individualconsideration. Account shall be taken of the recommendations of the steelmakers.
NOTE Pipes whose properties have been generated by thermomechanical means such as controlled rolling can be formed byhot or cold methods. Such materials may be substantially changed by the forming process and require particular considerationto ensure that the specified properties are recovered after forming.
7.1.3 The following equations shall be used for the calculation of the percentage deformation for cold formedcylinders and cone products made by rolling (see Figure 7.1.3-1) :
a) For cylinders and cones rolled from flat materials (see Figures 7.1.3-1a) and 7.1.3-1c)):
mf
ord
d
50
r
eV � (7.1.3-1)
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EN 13480-4:2002 (E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
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b) For cylinders and cones rolled from intermediate product (see Figures 7.1.3-1b) and 7.1.3-1c)) :
���
����
��
mi
mf
mf
int
d 150
r
r
r
eV (7.1.3-2)
where
� orde is the ordered thickness;
� inte is the thickness of the intermediate product;
� mfr is the average radius of the finished product;
� mir is the average radius of the intermediate product;
� Vd is the deformation as a percentage.
NOTE If no intermediate quality heat treatment is applied between individual forming steps, the deformation is the totalamount of deformation of the individual steps. If intermediate quality heat treatment is applied between the forming steps, thedeformation is that deformation applied after the last treatment.
a) Initial product b) Intermediate product c) Finished product
Figure 7.1.3-1 — Forming of cylinders and cones
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EN 13480-4:2002 (E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
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7.1.4 Tools and equipment used for forming shall be maintained to ensure a smooth profile free from scores,scratches or other stress-raising defects.
7.1.5 Heat treatment after forming shall be in accordance with the respective material standard.
7.1.6 Welding on to formed areas shall not be performed until heat treatment is complete.
7.2 Heat treatment after cold forming
7.2.1 Flat products
Flat products shall be heat treated after cold forming as required in Table 7.2.1-1.
NOTE 1 For special design reasons, for example cyclic loading or stress corrosion, heat treatment in excess of that in Table7.2.1-1 may be specified after cold forming.
For austenitic steels having a required minimum value of elongation at rupture A5 equal to or greater than 30 %, amaximum level of 15 % cold deformation shall be acceptable.
NOTE 2 A greater deformation may be accepted if the evidence is supplied that there is a minimum elongation at break of15 % after cold forming.
Such evidence shall be deemed supplied, if the acceptance certificate shows that elongation at rupture A5 is notless than 30 %. This shall be applicable only in cases where there is no risk of stress corrosion cracking.
For austenitic steels having a required minimum value of elongation at rupture A5 less than 30 %, evidence shall besupplied that there is a minimum residual elongation of 15 % after cold forming.
Deformation shall not exceed 10 % if the working temperature is below - 196 °C.
Table 7.2.1-1 — Heat treatment after cold forming of flat products
Material groups according to
CR ISO 15608:2000
Deformation Heat treatment
1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2 a, , 3, 4 b, 5.1,5.2 b, 5.3 b, 5.4 b, 6 b,
5 % no
7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 10, 11 > 5 % yes
8.1, 8.2 c c
9.1, 9.2 d d
a If not heat treated, qualification tests are required to demonstrate that the material properties are notimpaired.
b Special heat treatment required in accordance with the material standards where the minimum designtemperature is below - 10 °C.
c Solution annealed and quenched or stabilized materials do not require heat treatment after cold forming.
d To be considered in the first amendment.
7.2.2 Pipes
Pipes shall be heat treated after cold forming in accordance with Table 7.2.2-1.
NOTE For special reasons, for example cyclic loading or stress corrosion, heat treatment may be specified aftercold forming.
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EN 13480-4:2002 (E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
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Table 7.2.2-1 — Heat treatment after cold forming of pipes
Material groupsaccording to
CR ISO 15608:2000
Mean bending radiusof the pipe
rm
Outsidediameter of the
pipe
do
Heat treatment
rm 1,3 do all diameters yes
do 142 mm no1,3 do < rm < 2,5 do
do > 142 mm yes c
1,1 1.2, 1.32.1,2.2 b,3 b
4 a
5.1, 5.2 a, 5.3 a, 5.4 a
6 a
78910, 11
2,5 do rm all diameters no
NOTE For do and rm , see Figure 7.2.2-1.
a Special heat treatment required in accordance with the material standards where the minimum designtemperature is below - 10 °C.
b If not heat treated, qualification tests are required to demonstrate that the material properties are notimpaired.
c Not required for material groups 8.1, 8.2.
Figure 7.2.2-1 — Pipe bending
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EN 13480-4:2002 (E)Issue 6 (2006-03)
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7.3 Heat treatment after hot forming
7.3.1 Material groups 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6
After hot forming, including induction bending, the parts shall be heat treated in accordance with the materialspecification to ensure that the properties meet those required by the material standard, or other appropriatespecification. Special consideration shall be given to materials designed to operate at elevated or sub-zerotemperatures or other special conditions.
NOTE 1 If the hot forming of materials of groups 1, 3, 5 up to 2 % Cr has been started and ended within the temperature range fixed in the material specification :
����������� ���� �������������������������
������������������������ ���� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������forming temperature.
NOTE 2 Pipes bent using the incremental induction heating method (induction bends) may undergo thermal treatment duringbending by the application of water or air quenches.
NOTE 3 Carbon and carbon manganese steels formed using the induction bending process with air or water quenching maybe suitable in the as-bent condition for applications where high impact resistance and ductility are not required. Such bends maybe supplied without post-bending heat treatment provided that bend hardness does not exceed 285 HV.
NOTE 4 Heat treatments for high alloyed ferritic material should follow as soon after forming as practicable, to minimise therisk of hydrogen induced cracking.
The manufacturer shall demonstrate that the requisite properties are achieved in the final product by theexamination and testing of one or more sample bends. These bends shall be made in accordance with all therelevant parameters to be used in production bends. These parameters include, but are not limited to, chemicalcomposition, forming temperature, forming rate (speed), forming coolant supply, forming dimensions (e.g. bendradius and rm / do ) and post-forming heat treatment.
7.3.2 Material groups 8.1 and 8.2
Austenitic steels which have been rapidly cooled from above the solution annealing temperature using water or airduring the forming process shall not require post-forming heat treatment. Stabilized austenitic steels formed abovethe solution annealing temperature shall be subjected to post-forming stabilizing treatment. Stabilized austeniticsteels formed in the stabilizing temperature range, shall not require subsequent treatment.
Heat treatment shall be carried out in accordance with Table 7.3.2-1.
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EN
134
80-4
:200
2 (E
)Is
sue
1 (2
002-
05)
15
Tab
le 7
.3.2
-1 —
Hea
t tr
eatm
ent
of
aust
enit
ic s
teel
s af
ter
ho
t fo
rmin
g
Typ
ical
ste
el g
rade
s in
acc
orda
nce
with
EN
100
88-1
Con
ditio
ns u
nder
whi
ch p
ost-
form
ing
heat
trea
tmen
t may
be
wai
ved
Tem
pera
ture
ran
ge fo
r he
at tr
eatm
ent
whe
n st
abili
zing
aS
olut
ion
anne
alin
gte
mpe
ratu
re b,
c
°C
Mat
eria
l typ
e
Nam
eN
umbe
rN
on-w
elde
d pa
rts
Wel
ded
part
sN
on-w
elde
d pa
rts
°CW
elde
d pa
rts
°C
Sta
biliz
ed s
teel
sno
n-M
o-al
loye
dX
6 C
rNiT
i 18-
10X
6 C
rNiN
b 18
-10
1.45
411.
4550
900
± 20
(L)
c92
0 ±
20
� 1
020
X 6
CrN
iMoT
i 17-
12-2
X 6
CrN
iMoN
b 17
-12-
21.
4571
1.45
80no
t per
mitt
ed d
not p
erm
itted
d
Mo-
allo
yed
(X 4
NiC
rMoC
uNb
20-1
8 e,
f )1.
4505
� 1
050
non
stab
ilize
d st
eels
low
C-c
onte
nt /n
on-
Mo-
allo
yed
X 2
CrN
i 19-
11X
2 C
rNiN
18-
101.
4306
1.43
11
900
± 20
(L)
c
920
± 20
(L)
c, h
� 1
000
X 2
CrN
iMo
17-1
2-2
X 2
CrN
iMo
18-1
4-3
X 2
CrN
iMoN
17-
11-2
1.44
041.
4435
1.44
06
960
± 20
°C
(L)
c, e
980
± 20
(L)c,
h, i
� 1
020
low
C-c
onte
nt /M
o-al
loye
dX
2 C
rNiM
oN 1
7-13
-3X
2 C
rNiM
o 18
-15-
4X
2 C
rNiM
oN 1
7-13
-5
1.44
291.
4438
1.44
39
For
min
g st
arte
d at
1 00
0 °C
g to
1 1
50 °
C a
ndfin
ishe
d at
> 7
50 C
(fa
stes
tpo
ssib
le C
oolin
g).
For
min
g st
arte
d at
1 0
00 °
C to
1 15
0 °C
and
fini
shed
at >
750
°C
(fas
test
pos
sibl
e C
oolin
g) a
ndst
abili
zed
fille
rs o
r no
n-st
abili
zed
fille
rs w
ith �
0,0
4 %
C in
wel
dm
etal
� 1
040
high
C-c
onte
nt /n
onM
o-al
loye
dX
4 C
rNi 1
8-10
X 4
CrN
i 18-
121.
4301
1.43
03no
t per
mitt
edno
t per
mitt
ed� 1
000
high
C-c
onte
nt/M
o-al
loye
dX
5 C
rNiM
o 17
-12-
2X
3 C
rNiM
o 17
-13-
31.
4401
1.44
36
For
min
g st
arte
d at
1 00
0 °C
g to
1 1
50 C
e an
dfin
ishe
d at
> 8
75 °
C(q
uenc
hing
in/w
ith w
ater
for
wal
l thi
ckne
sses
� 6
mm
)
For
min
g st
arte
d at
1 0
00°C
to1
150
°C e
and
fini
shed
at
> 8
75°C
(qu
ench
ing
in/w
ith w
ater
for
wal
l thi
ckne
sses
� 6
mm
) an
dst
abili
zed
fille
rs o
r no
n-st
abili
zed
fille
rs w
ith �
0,0
6 %
C� 1
050
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EN
134
80-4
:200
2(E
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002-
05)
16
a Sta
biliz
ing
or c
orre
spon
ding
ann
ealin
g in
the
case
of n
on s
tabi
lized
ste
els
with
app
roxi
mat
ely
30 m
in c
ritic
al in
terv
al.
b For
eor
d �
6 m
m th
e ty
pe o
f coo
ling
shal
l be
quen
chin
g in
/with
wat
er o
r co
olin
g in
air
flow
(W
SL)
.c F
or e
ord <
6 m
m c
oolin
g sh
all b
e in
air
flow
(L)
.d U
nles
s re
quire
d by
pro
cess
con
ditio
ns.
e Min
imal
crit
ical
inte
rval
is 5
min
.f M
ater
ials
not
in E
N 1
0088
-1.
g Sta
rtin
g te
mpe
ratu
re o
f 1 0
00 °
C m
ay b
e lo
wer
ed if
par
t was
in th
e qu
ench
ed s
tate
prio
r to
hot
form
ing.
h Sta
biliz
ing
not p
erm
issi
ble
if st
abili
zed
fille
rs a
re u
sed.
i Ste
els
No.
1.4
406
and
1.44
29 m
ay b
e st
abili
zed
at lo
wer
tem
pera
ture
s if
the
sam
e m
ater
ial c
hara
cter
istic
s w
ill b
e re
ache
d.
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EN 13480-4:2002(E)Issue 6 (2006-03)
17
7.3.3 Heat treatment after hot forming for material group 10
After hot forming, the parts shall be heat treated in accordance with the material specifications.
7.3.4 Heat treatment after hot forming for clad materials
If forming cannot be avoided, then the process of forming and heat treatment shall be demonstrated as givingspecified properties.
7.4 Tolerances
7.4.1 Out-of-roundness of bends under internal pressure equal to, or greater than, the external pressure
The out-of-roundness, u (in %), shall be calculated from:
� �100
2
minomaxo
minomaxo
dd
ddu
�
�� (7.4.1-1)
where
maxod is the maximum outside diameter measured, in mm;
minod is the minimum outside diameter measured at the same cross section as maxod , in mm.
The out-of-roundness of the bend shall not exceed the limits given in Figure 7.4.1-1.
The ends of the bent pipes shall comply with the tolerances for the base pipe.
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EN 13480-4:2002(E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
18
Keydo is the outside diameter ;
rm is the mean bending radius ;
u is the out-of-roundness
Figure 7.4.1-1 — Acceptable out-of-roundness
7.4.2 Out-of-roundness of bends under external pressure and vacuum
Values for out-of-roundness shall be conform to the values stated in the design.
7.4.3 Waves at bends
There shall be no waves at bends, unless the waves comply with both of the following conditions:
a)
mh � 0,03d01 (7.4.3-1)
where
hm is the mean height of adjacent waves, calculated as follows:
030402
m 2d
ddh �
�� (7.4.3-2)
where d01, d02, d03, d04 are as shown in Figure 7.4.3-1
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EN 13480-4:2002(E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
19
b)
m12 ha �� (7.4.3-3)
where
a is the wave distance;
hm is the mean height of adjacent waves, calculated as in (7.4.3-1).
NOTE For clarity, waves have been exaggerated.
Figure 7.4.3-1 — Waves at bends
7.4.4 Start-up bulge of induction bends
The height of any start-up bulge/hump shall not exceed 25 % of the nominal wall thickness, and the maximumdimension of its base shall be at least eight times its height and shall blend smoothly into the adjoining surfaces(see Figure 7.4.4-1).
The out-of-roundness tolerance specified in 7.4.1 shall also be applicable on a cross-section taken at the point ofirregularity.
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EN 13480-4:2002(E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
20
NOTE a � 8 h
4
eh � where e is the nominal wall thickness
Figure 7.4.4-1 — Start-up bulge
7.5 Surface finish
The surface of the bend shall be such as to permit a visual examination.
All bends shall be free from surface imperfections such as cracks, indentations, laps and scabs. Where surfaceimperfections are ground out, the wall thickness shall not be reduced below the calculated minimum wall thickness.Areas which are ground to remove imperfections shall be examined by surface crack detection methodsappropriate to the material to ensure complete removal of the imperfections.
Repairs by welding shall not be permitted.
8 Installation of piping
8.1 Fixing and alignment
The piping shall be installed in accordance with the design requirements given in EN 13480-3. For specialoperations, e.g. balancing and cold pull, instructions shall be specified. The slope of the piping shall be checked toensure that continuous falls are achieved in accordance with the design.
Where necessary, during assembly of piping sections, the installer shall use temporary supports to ensure that nounacceptable stress or deformation occurs in the piping and connected equipment as a consequence of thecantilever effect of unsupported weight distribution.
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EN 13480-4:2002(E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
21
NOTE 1 Temporary auxiliary supports should be used to replace the supporting effort of connected equipment.
Piping shall not be distorted for the purpose of alignment for joint assembly.
NOTE 2 Such distortion can introduce detrimental strains in the piping or connected equipment.
Longitudinal weld seams shall be located so as to avoid openings or attachments wherever possible.
Longitudinal weld seams in adjoining components shall be staggered by twice the nominal wall thickness, with aminimum distance of 20 mm.
Supports shall be installed to ensure that the identification, load and travel scales are readily visible. All threadedparts shall be fully engaged, and locking nuts tightened.
The installer shall ensure that all clamping parts fit closely on the pipe.
Supports for pipes larger than DN 50 shall not be located more than 1 pipe diameter from the specified position onthe piping. Where necessary, the fixing of the support to the structure shall be adjusted to ensure that theangulation of support rods is in accordance with the specified limits.
Variable spring hangers and constant load hangers shall be locked during the installation and assembly of thepiping unless otherwise specified in the design instructions. If supports are unlocked for specially controlledoperations such as balancing or cold pull, they shall be re-locked prior to the hydrostatic pressure test andchemical cleaning.
NOTE 3 Temporary adjustment of the springs should be considered for operations such as hot chemical cleaning.
The installer shall ensure that the load setting of spring supports is pre-set to the design requirements. Ifadjustment of the load is required, the installer shall ensure that such adjustment does not prevent or reduce theanticipated travel of the support.
Sliding supports and guide bearings shall be arranged in the cold position such that the sliding pad is located on itssupporting parts for all movements predicted by the design.
Before final assembly, the piping system shall be examined and any potential restrictions to the plannedmovements shall be removed.
When cold pull is specified, the pulls shall be made against permanent anchors and shall be maintained to ensurethe correct gaps and orientation throughout the welding and subsequent heat treatment of the final joints. After coldpull, the installer shall check that the piping has taken up the designed cold positions. If the cold setting of avariable spring and constant load hanger requires adjustment (e.g. using a turnbuckle and rod), the installer shallsubsequently check that adjacent supports are free to move in accordance with the design.
Expansion joints shall be installed in accordance with the specification of the system analyst, e.g. orientation, coldpull, and regarding the installation instructions of the supplier for the particular expansion joint.
After final assembly and the hydrostatic pressure test, the installer shall ensure that all temporary supports andlocking devices are removed.
8.2 Field run piping
Field run piping shall be made in accordance with the requirements given in EN 13480-3 regarding the span ofsupports, risks of vibration and the flexibility of the system.
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EN 13480-4:2002(E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
22
Field run piping shall be laid so that no clashes occur with other piping and structures during subsequent operation.
NOTE The position of the piping during service should be taken into account.
Ease of access and replacement of components shall be ensured.
8.3 Flanged or similar mechanical connections
8.3.1 Flange connections
Before assembly, the installer shall ensure that all flange faces are clean.
Flanges shall be brought up flush and square, without forcing, so that the entire mating surfaces bear uniformly onthe gasket, and then tightened up with uniform bolt tension.
Flanges shall be aligned so that the bolt holes are placed equally on either side of a line at right angles to the planeof the pipe, see Figure 8.3.1-1. Mating flanges shall be aligned to permit correct fitting of bolts.
Flange bolts shall be tightened to the value specified for the joint design.
Unless otherwise specified in any other European Standard, the following requirements shall be met:
� Nuts shall be screwed onto the bolt so that at least one full thread of the bolt is protruding.
� For screws and studs, the minimum thread length Ie entering into the threaded hole shall depend on thematerial the fasteners are screwed into, and their nominal diameter d:
Where Ie is d for steel and steel castings and 1,25 d for cast iron.
Key
(a) is the plane of pipe
Figure 8.3.1-1 — Flange face
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EN 13480-4:2002(E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
23
8.3.2 Threaded connections
The correct number of threads shall be inserted into each fitting, and the fitting shall not bottom either on the end ofthe pipe or on the washout thread.
NOTE 1 Threaded connections include unions and threadolets.
NOTE 2 Suitable jointing compounds, sealing tapes etc. may be used for all threaded joints with the exception of thoserequired to be seal welded.
Seal welding shall be performed by approved welders to approved welding procedures.
8.3.3 Couplings and compression fittings
Couplings and compression fittings shall comply with European Standards, or be approved by the pipingmanufacturer for the specific use. They shall be marked with suitable type information. All components of anycoupling or compression fitting that does not comply with a European Standard, shall be supplied by the samemanufacturer.
Tubes used with compression fittings shall meet the requirements specified by the fitting manufacturer. Burrs anddeformed areas shall be removed before assembly.
8.4 Protection of ends of piping components
To protect the ends of piping components (e.g. bevels, screwed ends, flange faces) during transport, storage andassembly, suitable measures shall be taken if necessary, (e.g. covering, coating). Any end protection applied bythe fabricator shall only be removed immediately before the parts are joined together.
9 Welding
9.1 Welding personnel
9.1.1 Welding work shall be carried out by approved welders.
The welders shall be approved in accordance with EN 287-1 for the intended processes, material groups and rangeof sizes and shall be in possession of a valid test certificate in accordance with EN 287-1 : 1992, Annex B.
Welding operators for fully mechanized or automatic processes shall be approved in accordance with EN 1418.
9.1.2 Welding work shall be monitored by supervisors.
The supervisors shall have sufficient knowledge and experience in the field of welding. They shall be capable ofgiving the welders clear and unambiguous working instructions, and have the authority to do so, and shall take thenecessary measures to achieve and maintain the required quality of welding.
9.2 Welding procedure specifications
Welding procedure specifications (WPS) shall be prepared in accordance with EN 288-2 for all welding betweenpressure retaining parts and attachments to pressure retaining parts, both for welding on site and for shop welding.The WPS shall also include information on non-destructive testing, misalignment and wall thicknesses.
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EN 13480-4:2002(E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
24
9.3 Welding processes
9.3.1 Verification of suitability
The suitability of the intended welding processes shall be verified on the basis of a welding procedure approval inaccordance with table 9.3.1-1.
Table 9.3.1-1 — Approval of welding procedure
Piping class Requirement
II, III Welding procedures shall be approved in accordance with EN 288-3, EN 288-8 by acompetent third party.
I Welding procedures for the pressure envelope shall be approved in accordance withEN 288-3, or EN 288-8 as relevant unless the design specification specify that EN 288-6 or EN 288-7 is acceptable.
0 Welding procedures in the pressure envelope shall be approved in accordance withEN 288-3, EN 288-6, EN 288-7 or EN 288-8.Welding procedures in non-pressure retaining parts shall be approved in accordancewith EN 288-5.
NOTE Piping classes are given in EN 13480-1.
9.3.2 Application
9.3.2.1 The application of the various processes shall depend on the material, size, intended use of the pipingsystems or their components and on the accessibility of the joints. Nomenclature of processes and referencenumbers for symbolic representation on drawings shall be in accordance with EN 24063.
9.3.2.2 For practical reasons, e.g. risk of lack of fusion, oxy-acetylene welding processes shall only be used for:
� the material in accordance with CR ISO 15608:2000, group 1;
� sizes DN 100 and smaller;
� wall thicknesses not exceeding 6 mm.
9.3.2.3 Where gas-shielded welding processes are used, particularly on site where chimney effects may occur,the shield gas flow shall be protected from draughts and interruption by external influences.
When welding the root run, and also all filling runs, on pipes made out of high-alloy steels of material groups 4, 6,7, 8 and 10, the inner surfaces shall be protected from oxidation by shielding gas. The shielding gas shall bematched to the type of pipe material.
NOTE Where metal arc welding and metal arc active gas welding processes are used, it should be noted that lack of fusioncan occur, particularly at the start of welding.
9.4 Filler metals and auxiliary materials
The filler metals and auxiliary materials shall be documented in accordance with EN 10204:1991, test report 2.2,and shall be suitable for use with the parent metals, the welding processes and the fabricating conditions.
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EN 13480-4:2002(E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
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All welding consumables shall be stored and handled with care, and used in accordance with the conditionsspecified by the welding consumable manufacturer.
Electrodes, filler wires and rods, and fluxes shall show no sign of damage or deterioration.
NOTE Cracked or flaked coatings, rusting or dirty electrode wire are typical forms of damage or deterioration.
9.5 Climatic conditions
The welding area of the pipe shall be free of moisture (condensation, frost, ice).
NOTE 1 In order to achieve this, it can be necessary to preheat the welding area.
NOTE 2 With unfavourable weather conditions and low temperatures, both the working conditions and the materialproperties are adversely affected and appropriate precautions should be taken to assure good quality welding.
9.6 Cleaning before and after welding
Internal and external surfaces to be welded shall be clean and free from paint, oil, rust, scale and other materialthat would be detrimental to either the weld or the base metal when heat is applied.
Coated parts shall be free of coating products for a sufficient length on both sides of the weld, in order that thecoating does not interfere with the welding process, and to safeguard the coating itself.
After welding, the welded areas shall be cleaned, and any residues, slag, spatter, etc. shall be removed.
NOTE Recommendations for the treatment of austenitic stainless steel welds are given in Annex A.
9.7 Weld joint preparation
The weld joint preparation shall be in accordance with the applicable WPS.
NOTE Basic weld joint details are contained in EN 1708-1. Examples for weld joint preparation are contained in EN 29692and subsequent parts.
9.8 Edge protection
The prepared welding edges shall be protected to prevent damage during transport and assembly of the pipes.Damaged welding edges shall be reworked before assembly.
9.9 Assembly for welding
To maintain the specified alignment requirements in accordance with EN 25817 and the details for the root gap asgiven in the WPS, the parts to be welded shall be securely held in position by mechanical means or tack welding.
NOTE 1 The dimensions of the root gap are the dimensions after tack welding.
NOTE 2 Piping and components should be fixed in such a way that excessive stressing of the welds due to shrinkage duringwelding is avoided.
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Where ends of piping components do not match within the tolerances specified by the welding procedure,adjustment shall be made by machining or drifting, or, if these methods are not practical, by using welding to buildup the inside or outside diameter before edge preparation. If the inside or outside diameter is build up by welding,the following requirements shall apply:
a) the thickness of the piping components at the end to be joined shall meet the minimum design thickness beforewelding ; and
b) welding shall be carried out to an approved procedure ; and
c) all properties of the weld metal deposit at the design temperature shall be equal to or better than those of theparent metal ; and
d) the length of pipe built up shall not be less than 25 mm, and where ultrasonic examination of the butt weld is tobe carried out, the length shall be sufficient to allow complete examination of the weld ; and
e) all built up pipe ends shall be subject to 100 % non-destructive examination as for the butt weld.
9.10 Earthing
During electric arc welding, piping shall be earthed so that no welding currents flow through spring hangers,constant load hangers, snubbers, machines, valves, mechanical connections etc. There shall be no damage ordegradation in the mechanics of these components (e.g. ball bearings) due to high welding currents.
9.11 Execution of welded joints
9.11.1 Preheating
The preheating temperature (working temperature) specified in the WPS shall be adhered to when tacking andduring the entire welding operation. Adherence to the preheating temperature shall be monitored with suitablemeasuring instruments or temperature indicating crayons.
The WPS shall include the preheating temperatures and, where relevant, the inter-pass temperatures required forthe welding. The preheating temperature shall be determined by taking into consideration the chemicalcomposition, and thickness of the metal being welded, the welding process being used and the arc parameters.
NOTE General recommendations for preheating are contained in EN 1011-2 1) .
9.11.2 Striking marks
Arc strikes shall be avoided. All accidental arc strikes shall be ground smooth and the area shall be inspected inaccordance with EN 13480-5.
9.11.3 Fillet-weld connections
Fillet-welded connections to pipes shall show no evidence of burn-through.
NOTE Oxide formation should be avoided on the rear side in the case of austenitic, corrosion-resistant steels.
1) Other materials to be considered later.
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9.11.4 Dissimilar joints
The joints between austenitic steels and ferritic steels shall be welded with suitable austenitic or nickel based fillermetals.
9.12 Backing rings
9.12.1 The material of the backing rings shall be in accordance with the requirements of the welding procedure.
NOTE The backing ring should not cause the joint to be restrained whilst contracting.
9.12.2 Permanent backing rings shall not be used in piping class III.
NOTE For piping class I and II backing rings may be used under the following conditions.
� The gap between the ring and the bores of both pipes should be kept to a minimum and in no case should exceed 0,4 mm.The pipe ends should be bore trimmed by machining for roundness, and fit;
� Particular attention should be paid to such factors as the joint gap, the root face, the misalignment, the thickness of the ringand the welding procedure;
� If the weld is subject to corrosion, erosion aerated fluids, fatigue or creep, the use of rings is not recommended.
9.12.3 Fusible inserts shall be of material which is compatible with the parent metal, and shall be completelyfused into the joint.
The suitability shall be demonstrated by a welding procedure test and approval relevant to the application.
9.13 Attachments
9.13.1 General
When post-weld heat treatment is required, welding of the pipe support directly onto the pressure retaining partsshall be made before post-weld heat treatment.
9.13.2 Temporary attachments
Where temporary attachments (rods, lugs, etc.) are welded to piping, these shall be attached using an approvedwelding procedure with filler metal compatible with the pipe material. Such fixings shall be removed by cutting orgrinding and any temporary weld metal removed by cutting or grinding to ensure smooth surfaces. Such cutting orgrinding shall not reduce the wall thickness of the pipework component below the minimum calculated. Temporaryfixings and temporary weld metal shall not be removed by hammering.
Welder's approval for temporary welds shall be the same as that required for permanent welds.
9.13.3 Permanent attachments
Pipe supports and other permanent attachments which are connected directly to the pipe shall be fabricated fromthe same materials as the pipe to which they are connected, or from compatible materials.
Pipe support attachment welds to pipework shall be continuous unless the design specifies otherwise.
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9.14 Post-weld heat treatment
9.14.1 General
All post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure. PWHT shall beapplied in accordance with Table 9.14.1-1 or Table 9.14.1-2 on completion of welding.
For steels not included in Table 9.14.1-1 or Table 9.14.1-2 the need for PWHT shall be given individualconsideration by the manufacturer.
NOTE 1 PWHT may be required on steels with lower thickness than specified in Table 9.14.1-1 or Table 9.14.1-2 due toservice conditions (stress corrosion cracking, low temperature, hydrogen embrittlement etc.) or design. For these cases, thetemperature and the holding time should be specified.
If clad materials need PWHT, account shall be taken of the properties of the cladding materials.
When additional welds or weld repairs have been made on a system after PWHT, a further treatment shall becarried out in accordance with Table 9.14.1-1or Table 9.14.1-2, or an approved alternative procedure.
NOTE 2 Precautions should be taken to prevent stresses during handling of piping assemblies prior to heat treatment.
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Table 9.14.1-1 — Post-weld heat treatment
Post-weld heat treatment
Material Group Material a
Controlling Thickness
w
mm
Holding time
minutes
Temperature
°C
1.11.2
Unalloyed steel with ReH ≤ 360 N/mm² 550 to 600 c
1.3Normalized fine grained steels with
360 N/mm² <ReH ≤ 460 N/mm²
< 35 b
35 to 90
> 90
30w, minimum 60
40 + w530 to 580 b
3.1 QT steel with 360 N/mm² <ReH ≤ 690 N/mm²
< 15 15 to 60
> 60
302w, minimum 60
60 + w530 to 580 b,d
4Low vanadium Cr-Mo-(Ni)-steel with
Mo ≤ 0,7 % and V ≤ 0,1%
< 20
20 < 35 35 to 90
> 90
30
60w, minimum 60
40 + w
550 to 620
5.1Cr-Mo-steel with 0,75 % ≤ Cr ≤ 1,5 % and free
of vanadium (e.g. 13CrMo4-5) 630 to 700
e
5.2Cr-Mo-steel with 1,5 % < Cr ≤ 3,5 % and free of
vanadium (e.g. 10CrMo9-10)
< 15
15 to 60 > 60
2w, minimum 15
2w, minimum 60 40 + w
670 to 730 e
5.3Cr-Mo-steel with 3,5 % < Cr ≤ 7,0 % and free of
vanadium (e.g. X16CrMo5-1) All 2w, minimum 60 700 to 750
5.4Cr-Mo-steel with 7,0 % < Cr ≤ 10 % and free of
vanadium (e.g. X10CrMo9-1)
< 12
12 to 60 > 60
302,5w, minimum 60
90 + w730 to 780
6.1High vanadium Cr-Mo-(Ni)-steel with
0,3 % ≤ Cr ≤ 0,75 % (e.g. 14MoV6-3) 690 to 730
6.2High vanadium Cr-Mo-(Ni)-steel with
0,75 % < Cr ≤ 3,5 % (e.g. 15CrMoV5-10) 710 to 740
6.4
High vanadium Cr-Mo-(Ni)-steel with
7,0 % < Cr ≤ 12,5 %
(e.g. X20CrMoV11-1, X10CrMoVNb9-1)
< 12 12 to 60
> 60
302,5w, minimum 60
90 + w
730 to 770 f
9.19.2
Steel with maximum 8 % Nickel
< 20 b
20 < 35 b
35 to 90
> 90
30minimum 60 w, minimum 60
40 + 0,5w
530 to 580
NOTE Material Groups in accordance with CR ISO 15608:2000
a Materials not covered by this table require individual consideration.
b For these thicknesses PWHT is only necessary in special cases (e.g. stress corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, low temperatures).
c For material 16Mo3 the temperature should be 550 °C to 620 °C.
d Quenched and tempered steels should be given a PWHT at a temperature not exceeding 20 °C lower than the tempering temperature.
e Renounce of PWHT is possible for dimension da ≤ 114,3 mm and w ≤ 7,1 mm, when the preheat temperature is 200 °C or above
f Intermediate cooling of the weld before PWHT should be added to produce transformation into martensite.
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Table 9.14.1-2 — Post-weld heat treatment of material combinations
Material combination a Post-weld heat treatment
Material Group Material GroupRecommended
welding consumables
ControllingThickness
wmm
Holding time
min
Temperature
°C
1.11.2
5.15.2
Unalloy or Mo-alloy < 15 to 60> 60
2w, minimum 152w, minimum 60
40 + w550 to 600 b,c
1.3 1.11.2
Unalloy or Mo-alloy< 35 d
35 to 90> 90
30
w, minimum 6040 + w
530 to 580
1 3 Mo-alloy or Mn-Ni-alloy< 15
15 to 60> 60
302w, minimum 60
60 + w530 to 580 d,e
5.1 5.2 Like material group 5.1< 15
15 to 60> 60
2w, minimum 152w, minimum 60
40 + w670 to 700b
5.2 6.4 Like material group 6.4< 12
12 to 60> 60
302,5w, minimum 60
90 + w700 to 750f
6.1 5.1 Like material group 5.1< 12
12 to 60> 60
302,5w, minimum 60
90 + w680 to 700
6.1 5.2 Like material group 5.2< 12
12 to 60> 60
302,5w, minimum 60
90 + w690 to 730
6.4 6.1 Like material group 6.1< 12
12 to 60> 60
302,5w, minimum 60
90 + w710 to 730
6.4 6.2 Like material group 6.2< 12
12 to 60> 60
302,5w, minimum 60
90 + w720 to 740
9.19.2
1.11.21.3
Unalloy or Mo-alloy< 35 d
35 to 90> 90
30w, minimum 60
40 + w530 to 580
NOTE Material Groups according to CR ISO 15608:2000
a Materials not covered by this table require individual consideration.
b Renounce of PWHT is possible for dimension da � 114,3 mm and w � 7,1 mm, when the preheat temperature is 200 °C or above.
c For material 16Mo3 the temperature should be 550 °C to 620 °C.
d For these thicknesses PWHT is only necessary in special cases (e.g. stress corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, low temperatures)
e Quenched and tempered steels should be given a PWHT at a temperature not exceeding 20 °C lower than the tempering temperature.
f Intermediate cooling of the weld before PWHT should be added to produce transformation into martensite.
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9.14.2 Equipment
Equipment for the heat treatment, monitoring and recording of the thermal cycle shall be suitable for the heattreatment in question.
9.14.3 Temperature measurements
The temperature shall be measured on the surface of the weld unless otherwise specified.
9.14.4 Controlling thickness
9.14.4.1 Full penetration welds
Where the component contains welded joints connecting parts which differ in thickness, the controlling thickness, wto be used in determining the requirements for PWHT times shall be:
������������� ����� � � the thickest part of the welded joint;
����������������� the specified thickness of the weld;
�������������������� the greatest thickness of the weld between the component and the branch;
����������������������� � the greatest thickness of the weld joining the branch into the component;
��!�"�����#����������$� the thickness of the repair weld.
NOTE See Figure 9.14.4-1 for examples of W1.0, W1.1, W2, W3, W4 and W5.
When the component to receive PWHT contains welds with different individual controlling thicknesses, thecontrolling thickness to be used to determine the overall PWHT shall be the greatest of the individual controllingthicknesses.
9.14.4.2 Weldolets
For weldolets and similar, the controlling thickness shall be the throat thickness (W3). Where the throat thicknessesat the crotch and flank are different (see Figure 9.14.4-2), the controlling thickness shall be the greater of the two.
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Figure 9.14.4-1 — Typical examples of controlling thickness
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Key
a flank
b crotch
Figure 9.14.4-2 — Weldolets
9.14.5 Rate of heating
The rate of heating or cooling above 300 °C shall not exceed 5 500/w °C/h with a maximum of 300 °C/h where w isthe controlling thickness, in mm.
9.14.6 Local heat treatment
When local heat treatment of circumferential welds is applied by heating a shielded band around the entirecircumference, the heated band shall be such as to provide the specified temperature for a minimum of 50 mm oneither side of the fusion line of the weld.
When local heat treatment of branches and other welded attachments is applied by heating a shielded band aroundthe entire length of the weld, the heated band shall be such as to provide the specified temperature for not lessthan 50 mm on either side of the fusion line of the weld connecting the branch or attachment to the pipe.
NOTE 1 Care should be taken during local heat treatment that the material properties of adjacent zones are not impaired.
The manufacturer shall be able to demonstrate that the controlling thickness of the material has been heat treatedin accordance with Tables 9.14.1-1 and 9.14.1-2.Li
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EN 13480-4:2002(E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
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Pipes shall be supported during PWHT.
NOTE 2 It is recommended that ends should be closed.
9.14.7 Insulation
Insulation shall be fitted to ensure that the temperature of the weld and its heat affected zones is not less than thatspecified and that the temperature at the edge of the heated band is not less than half the peak temperature.Insulation shall also be added to ensure that the thermal gradients outside the heated zones are not harmful.
NOTE A minimum total insulated band width of wR10 is recommended for this purpose.
where
R is the internal radius of the component, in millimetres (mm).
w is the controlling thickness, in millimetres (mm).
9.15 Weld identification
The welds or the sections thereof shall be identified by the welder’s symbol close to the weld.
NOTE The weld identification may be replaced by corresponding details in the fabrication documents.
10 Adjustment and repair
10.1 General
Where deviations from the requirements are found during fabrication or installation, it shall be decided whether arepair or adjustment is necessary and possible.
If repairs or adjustments are necessary, these repairs or adjustments shall be executed in accordance with thedesign specification and, if necessary, in accordance with a specially approved welding procedure in order toensure that the repaired or adjusted piping or component fulfil the original requirements.
Deviations, repairs or adjustments shall be documented.
10.2 Adjustment
10.2.1 General
The adjustment of formed components using local heating shall be permitted, provided that the final supplycondition of the component is not altered.
Cold hammering of pipes to remove wrinkles or indentations shall not be permitted.
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10.2.2 Adjustments by means of heat
Heat straightening by local heating shall be performed under strict supervision.
For materials other than group 1 materials, the use of this method shall be allowed only in so far as it can bedemonstrated that the procedure does not adversely modify the characteristics of the metal.
NOTE A test can be conducted to check the absence of notable alteration in the heated area (e.g. dye penetrant, hardnesstest).
10.2.3 Adjustment by welding
Adjustment by welding, with or without filler metal may be used on welded joints. Details such as parameters of thewelding procedure (capping pass) shall be specified.
10.2.4 Adjustment by local forging
Local forging shall only be performed by uniform circumferential heating of the part to be adjusted. During the localforging operation, the temperature and the rate of heating and cooling shall be carried out in accordance with awritten procedure.
The requirements of 7.3 shall apply to local forging.
NOTE The material characteristics should be taken into account before forging.
10.3 Weld repair
Welding defects which require repair shall be removed by grinding, chipping, gouging, flame, plasma or machiningpart or all of the weld. When using thermal processes, the pipe and weld material shall not be adversely affected.
Weld repairs shall be made using approved procedures and approved welding personal. Prior to repair welding, thesurface of all joints shall be examined by NDT to ensure freedom from cracks and other defects.
A weld defect shall not be repaired more than twice with the same procedure. Any further repair shall be done inaccordance with an approved, modified and documented procedure.
If a weld is repaired as a result of radiographic examination, the films showing the defects shall be made available.The original assessment that led to the repair shall appear in the documentation. All weld repairs shall bedocumented
All repaired welds shall be non-destructively tested in accordance with EN 13480-5.
11 Marking and documentation
11.1 Marking of spools and components for installation
All spools and components shall be marked for identification. The markings shall be by means of paint, stamping,or tags. For materials working in the creep range or under cyclic load, only low-stress stamps shall be used.
This marking shall remain visible throughout the installation process.
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11.2 Marking of installed piping
11.2.1 General
To provide clear identification of piping or a piping section, the piping as installed shall be marked by painting,lettering, tagging etc. From the markings, it shall be possible to determine the system to which the piping belongs.
11.2.2 Marking
All piping of piping classes I to III shall bear a unique identification directly on the piping or on a name plateattached to it, which relates to a document containing the information necessary for operation, maintenance andperiodic inspections. The marking shall include the following:
a) Unique identification relating to the relevant part of the piping system and to the final documentation package;
b) Name and address of the manufacturer;
NOTE If more than one manufacturer is involved, the main manufacturer's data should be given.
c) Description of the piping, including the fluid contained;
d) nominal diameter, DN, both DNs at reducers;
e) maximum allowable pressure, PS, in bar;
f) Safety device set pressure, if applicable, in bar;
g) Maximum/minimum design temperature, in degrees Celsius;
h) Test pressure in bar, and medium of the pressure test if not water;
i) Date of pressure test;
j) Reference to this European Standard and piping class;
k) Identification mark(s) of the Responsible Authority, if applicable;
l) The CE mark, if applicable.
For piping class 0, items a), b), c) and d) shall be given only in the documentation.
The markings shall be affixed in prominent positions in each of the following locations:
� clear main runs;
� all take-off points.
Take-off points shall be marked on the main run side, indicating the fluid contained.
11.3 Final documentation package
Final documentation shall be compiled after completion of the fabrication and installation of the piping inaccordance with EN 13480-5:2002, 9.5.
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12 Additional requirements
12.1 Cleaning
The condition of the internal and external surfaces of spools, together with the standard of cleanliness shall bespecified.
NOTE 1 Cleaning may be by mechanical means such as wire brushing, by abrasive blasting or by chemical treatment suchas pickling in an inhibiting acid.
NOTE 2 Photographs for comparison of surface cleanliness can be found in EN ISO 8501-1.
NOTE 3 After cleaning, spools may be subject to special surface treatments, such as the acid passivation of stainless steels.
12.2 Temporary preservation
If the spools are to be stored prior to installation, the cleaned internal surfaces shall be protected from re-contamination or rusting by closing the ends with tightly fitting caps or plugs to prevent the ingress of particles andair.
NOTE 1 The spools should be further protected by the inclusion of vapour phase inhibiting chemicals in the form of powderin sachets attached to strings, or fine powder in soluble paints spread evenly over the surface. Loose pellets are notrecommended.
The external surfaces shall be protected by the application of a temporary paint or coating. For high temperaturepiping, this paint shall contain no substances which will be harmful at the operating temperature.
All protective caps, plugs and sachets shall be removed immediately prior to installation.
NOTE 2 Piping can be preserved after installation by purging with dry air and filling with an inert gas such as nitrogen.
12.3 External corrosion protection
Piping which is subjected to external corrosive influences and is made of materials which are not sufficientlycorrosion resistant shall be protected against corrosion.
Tags and other markings shall be legible after coating.
12.4 Thermal and acoustic insulation
The installation of the insulation shall, preferably, not start before the inspection of the piping is completed. Whereinstallation commences before the inspection of the piping is completed, the areas to be inspected shall be left freeuntil all the required examinations have been carried out.
The insulation shall in no way impede function and access to devices for safety, operation and measurement.
12.5 Connections for static electricity
The piping in an ambient explosive atmosphere shall be installed in such a way that any operation cannot causeany harmful static electricity. The resistance measured between piping and earth shall not be more than 106 �.
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NOTE Special care should be taken in the following cases:
� piping completely coated on the inside and outside;
� gaskets with metallic core;
� valves with insulated internals (cones, balls, needles).
For electrical connections made directly to the piping system, compatible materials shall be used.
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Annex A(informative)
Contamination and surface quality of stainless steel
A.1 Introduction
The corrosion resistance of stainless steels depends on the presence of a complex oxide coat on the surface.During fabrication, this protective coat can be destroyed by:
� impacts, scratches, sharp edges, etc.;
� coloured oxidation by welding, hot forming, heat treatment, etc.;
� contamination by solvents, various fluids, abrasives, inks, marking, protection materials, grease, etc.;
� contamination by dust deposits and metallic deposits or incrustations (lead, zinc, copper, aluminium, brass,bronze, iron, galvanized products, zinc paints, etc.).
A.2 Protection
A.2.1 Handling
Lifting and slinging operations should be so conducted as to eliminate the risk of contamination of stainless steelmaterials.
Metal chains and galvanized wire slings should not be used.
Contamination can be avoided by the use of non-metallic (e.g. nylon) slings or straps.
All handling facilities should be kept clean and where necessary segregated for use solely with stainless steelmaterials.
A.2.2 During fabrication and installation
Control should be exercised to prevent debris or other material entering the piping during fabrication andinstallation and the methods of welding and forming should, where practicable, be such as to minimize surfacecontamination.
Where stainless steel surfaces are subject to contact with ferritic or non-ferrous material surfaces, then suchpossible contamination should be prevented by the use of padding or shims made from material(s) compatible withstainless steel.
Care should be exercised to avoid contact between stainless steel and the casings of portable power tools,machines and other tooling/accessories made from materials classed as incompatible in clause A.1. Where it isanticipated that there will be contact, the incompatible surface should be covered with approved materials.
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Tools e.g. hacksaws, files, grinding stones and discs, stainless steel wire brushes, should be restricted for use onstainless steel materials and should not be used on incompatible materials. Saws, drills, cutting tools, chisels etc.made from ferritic materials should be cleaned and free of any asperities before use on stainless steel surfaces.Cleanliness should be verified before use.
Machining should be carried out using approved lubricants.
After machining, the machined surface should be cleaned by approved solvents.
If accidental contamination or damage occurs, particularly impacts, scratches or incrustations, immediate cleaningor grinding should be undertaken, notwithstanding any final chemical treatment or other treatment, generally notdesigned for such decontamination.
All sharp edges and scratches should be ground at each stage of fabrication.
A.3 Controlled cleaning methods
Dirt, oil, grease and similar contamination should be removed by the application of an approved solvent.
For abrasive blasting, the abrasive medium used on stainless steel should be alumina grit (content greater than98 %) having a water soluble content of less than 50 x 10-6. The compressed air used for blast cleaning should beclean, dry and oil free.
High-speed tool steel, tungsten carbide files and rotary burrs should be used for filing and dressing.
Silicon carbide and aluminium oxide abrasive paper, cloth and preformed stone should be "iron-free". Onlystainless steel wire brushes should be used.
Grinding should be carried out using rubber or resin bonded iron free, aluminium oxide grit grinding wheels.
Final grinding should be carried out using fine grained wheels (grade 120 minimum).
A.4 Chemical treatments
A.4.1 Acid pickling
When the treatment process requires the surface to be acid cleaned, pre-treatment should be carried out either bythe use of a non-caustic alkali paint remover or by the application of white spirit or by immersion in a hot non-ionicdetergent solution or pastes specified in the manufacturer’s instructions.
The acid pickling solution should have a volume fraction of 10 % to 15 % of 50 % concentrated nitric acid, and avolume fraction of 2 % to 5 % of 65 % concentrated hydrofluoric acid in water. This solution is mainly for the blackwelding oxides.
If necessary, this acid pickling may be preceded by a specific sensitising treatment using a solution with a volumefraction of 65 % Baume sulphuric acid solution for 15 min to 50 min, followed by complete washing.
Acid pickling should be followed by a complete washing.
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A.4.2 Decontamination, passivation
Decontamination and passivation are undertaken by the same treatment.
Typical solution for bath treatment has a volume fraction of 25 % of 52 % concentrated nitric acid in water. Pastesmay also be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
After acid treatment, components should be thoroughly washed in clean, running water, rinsed with cleandemineralized water having a minimum temperature of 90 °C, and dried by draining and blowing with clean, dry, oil-free compressed air.
A.5 Preparing for shipment
When preparing piping for shipment, vapour phase or volatile corrosion inhibitors should not be used on stainlesssteel. Low density polyethylene protection caps should be used and sealed with an approved adhesive tape.Where necessary, pipe spools and components should be externally covered with unfilled halogen-free, clear,polyethylene of minimum thickness 100 µm and secured with an approved adhesive tape.
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Annex B(normative)
Dimensional tolerances for fabricated spools
For the purpose of specifying the dimensional tolerances, fabricated spools shall be classified as follows:
Grade A : Spools in very tight piping systems. Pipes for which the purchaser specifies exactdimensions
Grade B : Spools in piping systems which are flexible enough to accommodate slightdiscrepancies
Grade C : Pipe in a piping system which includes spools with "legs left long".
Grade C tolerances shall not be permitted if the spools form part of long vertical legs, since this will affect adjoininghorizontal legs being aligned during pipework installation. In such cases Grade B shall be used.
Dimensional tolerances for these grades shall comply with Table B.1.
Table B.1 — Maximum dimensional tolerances of spools
Dimensions in millimetres
Grade Up to DN 150
Dimension number
Over DN 150
Dimension number
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
A ± 1 See 7.4 ± 2 ± 2 ± 0,5 ± 0,5 ± 1 See 7.4 ± 2 ± 2 ± 1 ± 1
B ± 3 See 7.4 ± 3 ± 2 ± 0,5 ± 0,5 ± 3 See 7.4 ± 3 ± 3 ± 1 ± 1
C ± 6 See 7.4 ± 3 ± 2 ± 0,5 ± 0,5 ± 6 See 7.4 ± 3 ± 3 ± 1 ± 1
NOTE : See Figure B.1 for dimension numbers.
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EN 13480-4:2002(E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
43
Dimension No 1: face-to-face dimensions; centre-to-face dimensions ; location of attachments ; centre-to-centredimensions.
Dimension No 2: out-of-roundness of bends
Dimension No 3: lateral translation of branches or connections.
Dimension No 4: rotation of flanges, from the indicated position, measured as shown.
Dimension No 5: bevels on butt weld or plain ends – state diameter to which bevel applies.
Dimension No 6: out-of-alignment of flanges from the indicated position, measured across the full gasket facediameter.
Figure B.1 — Dimensional details of spools
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EN 13480-4:2002(E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
44
Annex ZA(informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential safetyrequirements or other provisions of EU directives
This European standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and theEuropean Free Trade Association and supports essential safety requirements of the Pressure Equipment Directive97/23/EC with regard to fabrication and installation requirements of metallic industrial piping.
WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scopeof this standard.
The following clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 are likely to support the essential safety requirements ofthe Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC.
Table ZA-1 — Comparison between EN 13480-4 and the Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC withrespect to fabrication and installation requirements of metallic industrial piping
EN 13480-4harmonised clauses
Content Pressure Equipment Directive97/23/EC, Annex I
5.1 to 5.3 + 8, 9.12 to9.13 and 12
Fabrication and Installation 3.1
6.1 Cutting and bevelling 3.1.1
6.2 Marking of material 3.1.5
7 Bending and other forming 3.1
7.2, 7.3, 9.14 Heat treatment 3.1.4
9.1 Welding personnel 3.1.2
9.3 to 9.14 Welding process 3.1.2
10 Adjustment and repair 3.1
11.2 Marking of piping 3.3
Compliance with these clauses of this standard provides one means of conforming with the specific essential safetyrequirements of the Directive concerned and associated EFTA regulations.
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EN 13480-4:2002(E)Issue 1 (2002-05)
45
Bibliography
EN 1011-2, Welding – Recommendations for welding of metallic materials – Part 2: .Arc welding of ferritic steels.
EN 1708-1, Welding – Basic weld joint details in steel – Part 1: Pressurised components.
EN 13445-3:2002, Unfired pressure vessels – Part 3: Design.
EN 29692, Metal-arc welding with covered electrode, gas-shielded metal-arc welding and gas welding – Jointpreparations for steel (ISO 9692:1992).
EN ISO 8501-1 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Visualassessment of surface cleanliness – Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates andof steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings (ISO 8501-1:1988).
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BS EN 13480-4:2002
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