Méthodologie d’optimisation dynamique et de commande optimale des petites stations d’épuration à boues activées

Institut National

Polytechnique de Lorraine

Departement de formation doctorale en genie des procedes

Ecole doctorale RP2E

Methodologie doptimisation

dynamique et de commande optimale

des petites stations depuration a`

boues activees

THE`SE

presentee et soutenue publiquement le 18 decembre 2001

pour lobtention du

Doctorat de lInstitut National Polytechnique de Lorraine

(specialite Genie des Procedes)

par

Benot CHACHUAT

Composition du jury

President : M. C. Prost Professeur (IUT de Nancy-Brabois)

Rapporteurs : Mlle C.S. Adjiman Lecturer (Imperial College, U.K.)M. D. Dochain Professeur (Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgique)M. J. Ragot Professeur (ENSG INPL)

Examinateurs : M. J.M. Audic Ingenieur de Recherche (Societe ONDEO)M. M. Fikar Docent (Universite Slovaque de Technologie, Slovaquie)M. M.A. Latifi Professeur (ENSIC INPL)M. N. Roche Professeur (IUT de Marseille)

Laboratoire des Sciences du Genie Chimique UPR 6811

!"# $

%'&

)(*(+#$ $-,

&

.0/21

(*3(

&/ 1

$

&

$

4

,3

1

(65879!

/

7

/

$-$:,

&;&

(

&/21@?BA1A

!"CD E

F

# ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ### G

G HJI#K ML ON;PRQ TSN ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ### U

V W

XNYPZQ8SN ## ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ### [

\X]_^`acbed fhgi`3akjlacm#]_`acnpoqirOos]'jlactvusbwqsuxgs^nOy z{qsz |'|

}~

37

&

(+!"E0

/

!3(

&/21

97!

/

D#0'

/

7(

&

&

6(

&D/21

E

F

#

F

#NQ! ! BN S8QN"

6 I S

>Q ## ###

F*

F

#

F

#

F

NQ!! BN3S"Q

6S"iI! S### ### ## ### ## ###

F"

F

#

F

#G NQ!! BN3S

"M )S" ## ## ### ### ## ### ## ###xG

F

F

#

F

#

V

N! I

NYPZS TQN"

6 # ### ## ### ## ###xG>

F

#

F

#

N! !CQsN;PRSTQN"

) ### ## ### ## ###xGU

F

#

F

#

MS ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###xG>

F

#G

W

" IM6 ON-P ! # ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###xG>[

F

#G #

F W

"Q "! NS" IM6 # ## ### ### ## ### ## ###xG>[

F

#G #G !M ! N "KiN:P >

## ### ## ### ## ###

V

F

#G #

V

!M ! N BQ">QMSN;P Q" 6S"###

VV

F#

V

S! # ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

V

U

}~

37 & (+!" A (

~ / #p / 7( & & )3( &/ 1 1 C & 9

G #

F W

! NS " I) ## ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

G #G

N Q!"sN-P

! TQ ## ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

G #G #

F

T) N:Q" !

">Q"8Q #S "

! ## ###

G #G #G

T) N:Q" !

">Q"8QJN! #S "

! # ###

G #G #

V W

" I) ON-P M ! S "! ## ## ### ## ###

>

G #

V

0Q #NN"8Q MS SQ"M#S ## ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

>V

G #

V

#

F

Q N N"Q S! N" # ### ### ## ### ## ###

G #

V

#G Q N N"Q S! N!" ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

G #

S! # ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

}~

37

&

(+!"

/21

=>(

&/ 191

1

(

/

7(

&

C 79!

/

=

A

A

V

#

F

TSN N-PZS S TQN"

6 !

### ### ## ### ## ###

V

#G iQ MS SQ"MS N " I) ON-P M ! # ## ### ## ###

V

#G #

F W

NS " I6 ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

V

#G #G Q N N"Q S! ##### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

V

#G #

V

! ! BNYP

" 8Q6S !! # ### ## ### ## ### [

V

#

V

! 6

2NS" 6Q6N3Q # ## ### ### ## ### ## ###xU>

V

#

V

#

F

!M ! N "KiN:P >

## ### ## ### ## ###xU>

V

#

V

#G !M ! N BQ">QMSN;P Q" 6S"###xU>

V

#

V

#

V

> "

! NN ! TS{NYPZS TQ ## ###

F

V

#

V

#

MS ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

V

#

M N3S" IM6 N-P M ! ### ### ## ### ## ### U

V

#

#

F

! ! NS #N!NL ) # ## ### ## ### U

V

#

#G Q6N3S! XN N ! XNS " I) ### ## ### ## ### [

V

#

#

V

MS ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ### [[

V

#

H M ! "8 NS " 6Q)NQ ## ### ### ## ### ## ### [[

V

#

#

F W

NS " I6 ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F+

V

#

#G !M ! "8 N "cKN-P ### ## ###

F+3F

V

#

#

V

!M ! X " N ! > Q"Q SN

;P Q" 6S" # ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F+>

V

#

#

MS ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F+

U

V

#R

S!

W

" ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F+

\X]_^`acb d#d acmb b{o uv^blq bc] y n'j jl]'o qsb n_g `akjl]cb b{onpusycb

b-^jlz{b |p|'|

}~

37 & (+!"D3 / !"3( &D/21 p 1 / 9#0! A & ( / 1 =>( &/211 # 1 ( E E

#

F

"8 S! NS0 #N "8Q)NS ##### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

FF

U

#

F

#

F

! ! N N

M#S ! NS #N!

F

## ###

FF

#

F

#G

! ! Q6

!" ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

G

#

F

#

V

"! 0NSX #N!"8Q)NS ## ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F+V3F

#G HJI">I!8QJNSX N!"Q6NS #### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F+V

G

#G #

F

SS ON-P I">I!! TQ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F+V

G

#G #G

! ! >SX #N!"8Q)NS # ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F+V>

#

V

N M

"Q "MSJNS #N! "Q6NS ## ### ## ### ## ###

F+V

#

V

#

F

ON-P N >I!8Q "S8S"!! ### ### ## ### ## ###

F+V

#

V

#G

N >I!8Q "8STS"!NS N!"Q6NS # ## ### ## ###

F+V

U

#

V

#

V W

" )Q6NS" N-P MN M

"Q "MS ### ## ### ## ###

F+V

[

#

V

#

QSON;P MN M ## ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F*F

#

S! # ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F*

[

}~

37

&

(+!"

4

1

C 69 D 6

1

&

&

&

(

A

/

9#0!

A

9

&

( EE

#

F

Q" N MS M

N-P Q" ! ## ## ### ## ###

F"

G

#

F

#

F

!M ! N "KiN:P >

## ### ## ### ## ###

F"

G

#

F

#G !M ! N BQ">QMS ## ### ## ###

F"

#

F

#

V

MS ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F"

#G

NI! TQJN N

N L ! 6 ##

F"

#G #

F

NMI!8Q ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F"

U

#G #G

W

NS " I6 ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F"

#G #

V

T) "8S"8I2Q 3N! M

!

# ## ###

F

#G #

T) "8S"8I2Q 3N! M

"TS"8I2Q # ## ###

F

V

#G #

MS ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

U

#

V

Q" NI! TQJN S M ! N-P >Q" ###

F

U

#

V

#

F

iN! ! N"KN-P >

## ### ## ###

F

#

V

#G

iN! ! N Q"Q M#S # ###

F

U

#

S! # ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

}~

37

&

(+!"

! D =

/

1

/

7(

&

CD 97!

/

=

A

A

EE

#

F

HJI")S"N-PZQ ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

G

#

F

#

F W

NS " I6 ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

G

#

F

#G HJI" ! N;PRQ N3S #N"8Q6N3S # ### ## ### ## ###

F

!

#

F

#

V

! ! BNSX "N

BQ NS S >S ## ## ###

F

[

#

F

#

MS ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

[

V

#G

M ! "K ! N;PRQ iN

">" ### ## ### ## ###

F

[

#G #

F W

NS " I6 ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

[

#G #G

! N

">"NS #N! "Q6NS # ## ###

F

[ U

#G #

V

! ! NYP

" Ni !N"

""Q "8Q6S"L ##

F

[[

#G #

MS ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

>

#

V

3N

! NS " 6Q)NQ#### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

#

V

#

F W

NS " I6 ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

#

V

#G ! S" N! N"Q6N ## ## ### ## ###'G

U

#

V

#

V

>

N M

N N-PZQS" I S

Q ## ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

F+

#

S! # ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

F"

}

/21

= D

&D/21

A#1A

!"C#(7_!67_#=>(

&

, # {E

&

&/

!"7

~

&

E

o osbb{m

4

191

${

4

&

*6

1

==

/21

/

A

$

/

!

1

# c

A

!(+#9!

4

191

${

/2&D1

(*!B $

&

1

=#!

A

2

1

(+

&

!# :

#

F

"K S"

!M" !N "! "

F

G

vH

5

K ###'G

#G

"K S"

!M" !N "! "

F

G

F

G

OH

5

K # ###'G

4

191

${

}!

!

/

!"C3(

&D/21#"

99!"3(

&

$-= =#*

&

,2 %

4

191

${&

/

A

&

)3(

&/ 1

'

1

19&

(

A

(+!"

&

(+#

1

( $

&

)(+

1

(*

#

F

3 >S"! N;PRS8QN") ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

[

#G S" Q"

! ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

G

#G #

F

"

TQ"! NYP ('S "Q"

TQ ## ### ## ### ## ###'G

G

#G #G

"

TQ"! NS6S"O iNiI SN"!"6S! G

#G #

V

"

TQ"! N"K ### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

U

#G #

MS ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G>

#

V

N M

"Q "MSJN N3!O Q) S # ### ## ###'G>

#

V

#

F

N >I!8QsNS N!

1### ## ### ### ## ### ##'G>

F

#

V

#G

W

" )Q6NS" N-P MN M

"Q "MS ### ## ### ## ###'G>

V

!

#

V

#

V

N ! ">Q"SsNS0 #N! I

## ### ## ###'GUG

#

V

#

N ! ">Q"SsNS0 #N MCQ # ### ## ###'GUU

#

S! # ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G>

F

F

NS " SiN NQ">N ! XI ! S# ## ### ## ### ## ###

V

G

3S" ! NS" 6Q6N3QN"

6 I S Q# ## ### ## ###

V

V

NS " SiN NQ">N ! XI ! S NYP > # ## ### ## ###

F

#

F W

" 6Q)NQ N") i I S

Q I

!XSS# ## ### ## ###

F*

F

#G

TQ"

! "

"!>IvN-PZQNS #N!

1# ### ## ### ##

F

U

F

#

V

!MS"! NYP NS NQ

)S" S" " ! > SI!# ##xG

F

F

#

N "JN ! S NS !

" 6S"# ### ## ### ## ###xG

F

#

!MS"! N

">"N-P ! ! # ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

V

V

#

F W

"8S"8I ! !N NS " )Q6NQ# ### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

V

#G

"

N "

NGL

>

N >S# ### ## ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ### [

V

#

V

!MS"! N"N)S"ON

T6 iN-PZQ>NK ! # # ## ### ## ###xU

V

V

#

CSNS

N6 8S" "8Q!! XN ">N # ## ### ## ###xU

V

#

CSNS NN:P " ! S" "Q XN"N! # # ## ###xU

V

#R

"NYP

! " N"Q S! # ## ### ### ## ### ## ###xU>

V

#U

CSNS I" N

8S" ! "

N

"KiN:P >

# ## ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###xUU

V

#R

W

" >

:N-P >Q"! S"

36

! NL ) # ## ## ### ##xU>

V

#R[

! N "K N-P > # ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###xU>[

V

#

F+@

" "cK TQ

DCO DBO5

MES >S"

36

!sNL

) # # ## ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###xU>[

V

#

FF

CSNS I"N

! S" ! S XN-P >Q" X

NS "8Q

6S"# #

V

#

F

G

W

" >

:N-P >Q"! S"

15

! NL ) # ## ## ### ##

V

#

F+V@

! N "K N-P > # ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

V

#

F*

" "K8Q

DCO DBO5

MES >S"

15

!N-P >Q"! # G

V

#

F"

"

! "!v NONsL ) M

8S:NS "

6Q)NQ N

>N"N! ! N "KiN:P >

# ### ## ###

V

V

#

F

MS

"8QN " ! I! >

N !>N" N !

!M ! N "cKN-P # ### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

V

#

F

U

"

! "!v NONsL ) M

8S:NS "

6Q)NQ N

>N"N! ! N BQ">QMS# ##

V#

F

MS

"QN I

N

!>N"N ! ! ! N

! BQ"QS# # ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

V

#

F

[

CS'N3S I"_N

8S" ! "!

' !

!N-P >

!! NS N! !CQ# ## ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

V

#G

W

" >

3N-P >Q"! S"

39

!pNOL ! 6 !!! NS

N! !CQ# ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

V

#G

F

cKN-P S"

39

iN-P Q" ! !! N3S0 N3! !CQ# # [

V

#GG

"

! @N !S M !N "cK

!)SQ ! N3!

> ! N! !CQ# # ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ### [

V

#G

V

MI!TQ N ! S

! N"cK !N

"> " MQ# [

V

#G

CS NS > I"N

! 8S" ! >S !M

N-P >Q" !!

NS #N! !CQ# ## ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ### [

F

V

#G

W

" >

3N-P >Q"! S"

22

!pNOL ! 6 !!! NS

N! !CQ# ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ### [

F

V

#G> cKN-P S"

22

iN-P Q" ! !! N3S0 N3! !CQ# # [ G

V

#GU

"

! XN MS

!6SQ N3! !

! #N M MCQ# ## ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ### [ G

V

#G>

MI!TQN !S

!N:P >Q"! ! iN ">"

MQ# # ### ## ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ### [

V

V

#G>[

W

" >

9N-P Q" ! >S"

34

!N L ) ""8Q

N >S N-P >Q"!

"

!

pN

Nc +1

" "pN-P M ! # [

V

#

V

CSBN M M JN

[ak, `

]8S" ! " > pN "

N-P >

! N "cK N-P >

# ### ## ### ## ### [ U

V

#

V3F

CS N ! ! N

[a, `]S" " >ON "

N-P >

! N "cK N-P >

# ### ## ### ## ### [ U

V

#

V

G

W

" >

9N-P Q" ! >S"

18

!N L ) ""8Q

N>S N:P >Q"! "

N

2

">"N-P ! ! # # [

V

#

VV

CSN M sN

[ak, `

]S"!" > _N "

N-P >

! N! ! Q"Q S# ## ## ### [

V

#

V>

CS N M M N

[a, `]8S" " > vN "

N-P >

! N! ! Q"Q S# ## ## ### [

V

#

V

i ! " N! S

sN-P >Q" NS "8Q

6S"# # ###

F+

V

#

V

W

" > M

:N-P Q" ! "Q " XN >S N:P >Q"! S"

36

NL ) ! B "8 N "K N-P >

# ##

F+

G

V

#

V

U

! 6

ON ;PRS8Q0N "

6 ! ! ! !

"8 N "cK N:P >

# # ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F+V

V

#

V

"

! "!v NONsL ) M

8S:NS "

6Q)NQ !M ! "8 N "cKN-P # ## ### ## ###

F+>

V

#

V

[

W

" > M

:N-P Q" ! "Q " XN >S N:P >Q"! S"

24

NL ) ! B ! " N! ! Q"

Q SN;P Q" 6S"# # ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F+

V

#

! 6

ON ;PRS8Q0N "

6 ! ! ! !

"8 N > Q">QMS NYP >Q")S"# ### ## ### ## ###

F+

V

#

F

"

! "!v NONsL ) M

8S:NS "

6Q)NQ ! ! ! "8 N! ! BQ"Q M#SNYP >Q

" 6S"# # ### ## ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F+

U

!

#

F

Q8S N Q #N N-P ! S"! #N

1

>S

N-PZQ6S!I"

"8I !MS

"8Q "8

>Q"! !S

>Q" # ## ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

G

#G

MS N!6S"" "NS #N

1! " N-PRS

N L

)

"

F

)S" N-P >Q"!

F

)S" N-P

""# ## ## ###

F

G

F

#

V

"! NS NQ6I iN " ! !N >S S"N8S"

"#

F

GG

#

N ! ! ! N "I!'N:PRQ ! NS N3!

1! "

NS"

"# # ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

G

V

#

"

! N QSN " !

I

TQ"! " >S I!

Q8Q" " >S " # #### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

G

V

#R

CSJN ! ! ! N N

> S ! 8S" !

"!>IpN-PZQ

NS

86 # # ## ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

G

#U

"! iN

" "

1

2! "sN-PZS L " "TS"8I ! MN

S"N:Q" ! SvN-P >Q" # # ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

GU

#R

"! sNS

">"

KDCO! "N-PZS L " "TS"8I ! MN

S"ON:Q" !SvN-P >Q" # ### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

GU

#R[

"! iN

" "

3

4! "sN-PZS L " "TS"8I ! MN

S"N:Q" ! SvN-P >Q" # # ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F+V

#

F+

"! :N

" "

5

KND! "N-PRS'L " "8S"8I MN

S"N:Q" ! SvN-P >Q" # # ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F+V

#

FF

Q8S N YP N M !

">Q"S NSB N!"8Q)NS 8S"S "

N

8)S"

! "TS"8I ! !N i S"8Q !!# #

F*

#

F

G

"

! N"8 !Q M#SM !MQJNS N3! "8Q6N3S 6S

NS #N

1

! " TS"I ! !N s 8S"Q

!# ## ### ## ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F*

#

F+V

MS

"QiN #N "8Q)NS

1 !pN-PZSiL " "

TS"8I ! !N vNJN Q" MS'N-P >Q"

! "

TS"8I ! !N i S"8Q !!# # ### ### ## ### ## ###

F*

#

F*

Q8S ON;P MN !

">Q "SJNSX N3! MCQ 8S"OS "

N

86S"

" ! !N

_ S"8Q

!# ### ## ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F*

#

F"

"

! hN S N L " ! !>S Q "

S S" #N! "Q6NS

1

! "

!N

8S"Q !# # ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F*

[

#

F

CS NS I" N

! N:P >Q"! S" " !

!M

N"KN-P >

# ##### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F">V

#G

N M

vN L ! 6 >S"

8

iN-P >Q" # ### ##

F">V

#

V

"

! N N!

NL ) " S

N! "Q6NS

1 S" ! ! ! ! N"cK N-P >

# ## ##

F"

#

CS N3S I" N

8S" ! >S h

!

pN-P Q" ! hNS

"8Q

6S"# ### ## ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F"

#

N M

vN L ! 6 >S"

6

iN-P >Q" # ### ##

F"

#R

"

! N N!

NL ) " S

N! "8Q)NS

1 S" ! N ! Q"QS#

F"

#U

MI!TQN3S "8" N ! N "KsN-P >

!N

"")S" S"!

">" ! N ! ! !sNS N3!

"8Q)NS # # ### ## ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

!

#R

"

! NJQ

""ML iNS "T"N-P M ! ! c sN YP "

")S" 8S"

" "

1 S" !

T) "8S"8I2Q 3N! M

!

! " TS"I Q# ## ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

U

#R[

MI!TQNS " >vN "! >

c ! N ""6S"

> ! 8S" !

"> " ! N ! !pNS #N "Q6NS

N!

! ! !# ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

U

F

#

F+

MI!TQ'NS " N " ! >

'N ">"_N:P

M !

" "

">S ">"

1# ## ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

U

F

#

FF

MI!TQ_N ">"9N-P ! ! !9N "")S" S"

!

"> " 3N! ! ! NS #N "8Q)NS # # ### ## ###

F

U

V

#

F

G

MI!TQNS " T"JNJ ! ! ! N ! Q">QMS !

vN "")S" ! S" !

">" ! N

NS

N! "Q6NS # ## ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

U

#

F+V@

"

! NQ

""ML N "

! N "KN:P >

NS " T" N-P M ! c ! N YP ""6S" S"

" "

1 S"

T6 "8S"8I2Q N

" TS"I Q# ## ###

F

U>

#

F*

MI!TQ'NS " N " ! >

'N ">"_N:P

M !

" "

">S ">"

1# ## ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

UU

#

F"

MI!TQNS " >vN "! >

c ! N ""6S"

> ! S" ! ">" ! N !!

! N3S0 N3! "8Q6N3S# ##

F

U>

#

F

MI!TQ_N ">"9N-P ! ! !9N "")S" S"

!

"> " 3N! ! ! NS #N "8Q)NS # # ### ## ###

F

U>[

#

F

HJI"6S"N-PZQiN-PRS

T) N

> S# # ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

V

#G Q8S NYP I"! NS0 #N!"8Q)NS S" 8S"iN

SbaO SbaNH

SbaNO# ### ## ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

[

F

#

V

Q8S JN YP I"! NQ

SbaND

XbaDCONS N!"8Q)NS S"

!O 8S"iN

SbaO SbaNH

SbaNO# ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

[ G

#

Q8S JN YP I"! NQ

SbaND

XbaDCONS N!"8Q)NS S"

!O 8S"iN

SbaO SbaNH

SbaNO# ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

[

#

K ! N ;PRQ JN

">"iN-PZS

T6 N

M#S

" ;P " Q6S !!# # ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

[ U

#R Q8S pNYP iN ">"'NS #N! "8Q)NS "#S

! "8S"8I ! !N S"8Q# ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

3F

#U Q8S N ;P N "! !N

X inDCO

SinNH### ### ## ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

G

#R Q8S iN ;P M ! N

"> " JN " TS"I NS

N! "Q6NS ! "8S "! MN

S"8Q# #'G

V

#R[ Q8S N YP M ! vN >S N L "8 " N-P

"

N Q

XbaDCO

SbaND# ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

>

#

F+

Q8S JN ;P >I" N "

XbaDCO

SbaND "sN YP

K ! NYPZQ iN ">"NS N! "Q6NS # ## ## ###'G

>

#

FF

Q) N"!! JN >

N "8Q)N! # ## ### ## ### ## ###'G

#

F

G S" N

N"8Q)N! !!3Q

"iNS" 6Q6N3Q### ###'G

F+

#

F+V@

N

sNS

86 N:P >Q"! # ### ## ###'G

FF

#

F*

"

! N "Q8S "ML {

N

!

i YP ! N

> MS NS " 6Q)NQ# ## ## ### ## ###'G

F

G

#

F"

Q8S JN ;P >I" N "

XbaDCO

SbaND! "sN ;P 2Q

" ! # # ### ## ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

F

G

#

F

Q8S N YP M ! vN >S N L "8 " N-P

"

N Q

XbaDCO

SbaND! "ONYP 2Q" ! # ## ### ## ### ## ###'G

F+V

#

F

U

"

! N

N M ! !_ #N_N

>I TS!vN3S" )Q6NQ# # ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

F"

#

F

Q) iN:P ) I! N!!"JN"

) # ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

>

#G

3S" ! NYPZQ N"

6 I! ! MS# # ### ## ### ## ###'G

F

#

V

3S" ! N

N-P >Q" # #### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

F

#

Q)I " !N

8S"

1K S"Q# # ### ## ### ##'G

>V

#

#NQ! BN " TS"I ! MN # ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

#R

" N "8Q6 ONsI S NSBI BN-P >Q" vN3S "

!

# ## ### ## ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

#U

" N"8QM6 i

8S" ;P 'S "TQ#### ## ###'G

#R

"

! N " ! _ 8S"Q SMQ

" !v N3! I

S" S)S"O !I S N"!6S! # ## ### ## ### ## ###'GU

#R[

"

! N

!)S"v S"8Q SQ !J N3! ! >I

S"

YP ('S "

TQ# # ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'GU>

#

F+

"

! N "! 8S"Q M SQ

"! #N!M

MCQ S" ! !S)S"v I S N"!)S ! # ## ## ### ## ###'GU>[

#

FFi

"

! N

!)S" 8S"Q M SMQ N! MCQ

S" YP ('S "

TQ# # ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G>

_

F

#

F

">IvN:PRQ iNSX N!N NQ"N I ! S# ## ## ### ## ###

F

F

#G

!3QMSNS #N!JN NQ"N # ### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

F

#

V

! Q"!sN "8Q

! iN3S #NN NQ">N ! # # ## ### ## ###

F

F

#

W

">" ! >Q "MS !Q M#SNS #NJN NQ">N ###xG

F

#

W

">"NSX N3!N N3Q # ## ## ### ### ## ### ## ###xG

V

F

#R

"

! 2Q" "NS

T) ##### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

V

G

F

#U

W

""!! O

! S" "KiN

!>S XNS"L # # ## ###

V>

F

#R

" iN "! "Q6 !"### ### ### ## ### ## ###

V

V

#

F W

">" MQONS #N > # ## ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

V

#G

W

">" MQONS #N M !MQ# # ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

V

#

V

MI!TQN MS M !N-P >Q" ! c !'N "

S"

!ONS"Qi !M

'N-P >Q" N-P

""# ## ### ### ## ### ## ### [

V

#


S"

!ONS"Qi !M

'N-P >Q" N-P

""# ## ### ### ## ### ## ### [

V

V

#


S"

! "KN-P >

# ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ### [

V

V

#R

CSBN "8Q6N3S! NS > I"N

" "N:P ! S" !

"! X

!

!N "cKN-P # ## ### ## ### [

V

#U

CSBN "8Q6N3S! NS > I"N

" " S" !

Q">QMS NYP >Q")S"# ## ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ### [ U

V

#R

CSNS I" N

!0N-P >Q"!

"K S" S"! "

!

!iN "cK N:P >

>S"

60K S"N-P M ! # ## ##

F+

G

V

#R[

CSN3S I"N K S" 8S"! "!

! N

"KiN:P >

>S"

36

!iN-P >Q"

" K S"# # ### ### ## ### ##

F+

G

V

#

F+

CSNS I"N

N-P Q" !

"K S" 8S" >S @ !

N-P >Q" NS "8Q

6S"

S"

60K S"ON:P ! # ## ### ## ### ##

F+

V

#

FF

CSN3S I" NiK >S"S" ! >S !M

{N:P >Q"! NS "8Q

6S"

S"

24

! N-P >Q"! "K S"# ### ## ### ## ### ### ## ### ##

F+

#

F

6S"

"ONQ L >SiN

">"ONS N! "Q6NS # ## ## ### ## ###

F*F

#G Q8S ONYP

N!I!! TQJN

" "ONS #N "8Q)NS # ##

F*

G

!

#

V

Q8S N YP N !

! "8S"8I !N J

8S"8Q !# # ### ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F* V

#

Q8S N YP N !

! "! !N

S"8Q !# ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F*

U

#

F

!! NYP I"6S"ON

M

# # ## ### ### ## ### ## ###

F

[

#G

N

NS0 #NJN"8Q LQ"iN;P M ! # ## ## ###

F

[

#

V

"

! XN N Q" #NN 0N ! N:PRQS"

XI >S

>Q # ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

F*

#

F W

""!! O

! S" !!8QvNMSON

2 000

# # # ## ##'G

#G

W

""!! ' !

! S" ! ! TQ_N

!! > "! "

200

2 000

## # ### ## ### ## ### ### ## ### ### ## ### ## ##'G

#

F

#NQ! BN " TS"I ! MN # ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G

#G

"

! N " !

DCO

DCOs!N # ## ## ###'G

#

V

"

! N " !

NTK

NH4MN # ### ## ###'G

#

W

">" !Q S

! >Q "MS N N3Q

"NQ L >S # ###'G>

#

! NYP !CS

"ONQ L >S# ### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G>

#R

2NS

86 # ### ## ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'G>

#U

W

NON Q >S 8S" ! "ON " )Q6NS" N-P MN M # ## ## ###'GUG

#R

N!I!! TQJN

"> "NS #N I

# # ### ## ###'GU

V

#R[

W

">" MQONS #N I

# ### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'GU

#

F+

N!I!! TQJN

"> "NS #N M !MQ# ### ## ###'GUU

#

FF

CSNS 6 iN QcK S" N

"M )S" 8S" !"Q8S N ;P MN

! BNS #NM MCQ# # ###### ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'GU>

#

F

G

W

">" MQONS #N M !MQ# # ## ### ### ## ### ## ###'GU>

!

!"$#%&(' )*+-,/.%0*.1023+4$%5 %670*%8%4':9

ak ;

S"Q N-P >Q" >S S"NS

ke`me

N-P Q" !

AO ; " N-P #Z 3. 1bA

;=S XN "

! TQ NI

TQ"!>S "

1

bH;=S XN "

! TQ NI

TQ"! Q8Q" "

1

d ;

!>"JN8S"8I

D ;=S XN NS! K 1

e ;

)S"N-PZS S N NQ

E ;

"! Q >

F ; ! N"cK #Z 3Fr ;

I"N

" SN

frXI;

"

N

H " !8S NSXNQ6 N I

fns;

"

NQ

>IvN Q

"!6S

" 8S

fSI;

"

N Q MSI !"N

!

H

fSND;

"

N-P > " S SI!JN YP >

fSNH;

"

N-P > > !

N YP >

fSNO;

"

N"N "sN

YP >

fSS;

"

N 8Q SI'I! #NQ">I!pN !

J

H !

fXBA;

"

N I! >

>S "

N

H

fXBH;

"

N I! >

3QTQ" "

N

H !

fXI;

"

N Q

" !)S!" !"N

!

H

fXND;

"

N-P > " S "6S!

!"sN YP >

fXS;

"

N Q "6S!

!" I NQ"I!N

H

g ;

)QMQ" ! N!

6S"

9.81 #

2

H ; S)S"

iNBM;

W

" " ! N-P N

I

iNXI;

W

" " ! N-P N

! 8Q "

MS !"

kLa;

iN"

L "iN-P

1

KDCO;

N-P 8Q 8SI " "

MSNJI TQ" 3QTQ"

"

#Z

3

KND;

iN:P TQ 8SI " "

SNS " 8S N-P

N"

N;P " S "6S!

!"

#Z

3

KS;

N:P TQ SI" SI!NI

8Q"! 3QTQ"

"

#Z

3

KNH,A;

N-P TQ> >SsNI

TQ"!>S " #Z

3

KNH,H;

N-P TQ > >SNOI

TQ"! Q8Q" " #Z

3

KNO;

N-P TQ "N I

8Q"!Q TQ" " NQ

"

#Z

3

KO,A;

N-P TQ

N! S9N9I

TQ"! >S " #Z

3

KO,H;

N-P TQ

> N! S NI

TQ"! 3QTQ"

"

#Z

3

KX;

N-P 8Q 8S3I"

"!6S

" S" ! " S

N-P

N"

`k ;

S"Q NS

ke`me

! N-P >Q"

N ;

N" ! N TS"8I "N # 1

Na;

N N S N-P

!M !

Nc;

> I"N

!

Ncc;

> I"N S sN NQ

Nj;

> I"NvK >S"

Np ;

I"NS!

Q ;

Q)I

3.

1

P ;W

S!

Q

pS;

"

NJN:Q" 8Q SI

" "

" >S >

8Q S3I! >S

St

pX;

"

NN Q" 8Q

"!)S

"

" "

" >S

> 8Q

"!)S

" >S

Xt

R ;=< >S XN " N 8Q #Z 3. 1Re ;

I"N

N

rh;

W

">" N Q6NM S" 8S ! @L " 6

"8Q

3.

1

rp;

W

">"N Q6NM ! S" S ! hL

I6

"8Q

3.

1

SALK;

! TQ #Z

3

S ;

S"kL

2

SI;

" XN > 8Q " S MSI! !" #Z

3

SND;

" XN-P > " S SI!I NQ"N >I #Z

3

SNH;

" XN-P > SL " !

#Z

3

SNO;

" XN-P > SL " JN" iN" #Z

3

SO;

" XN-P

N S #Z

3

SsatO;

" XN-P

N Si 8S"! #Z

3

SS;

" XN Q "

S MSIOI NQ"N >I #Z

3

St;

" MSI

! #Z

3

tkb;

iN-P

""iNYP >Q")S" >S >S"NS

ke`me

!

tkc;

{N3S

ke`me

N-P >Q"!

td;=Q")S"

t

;

S"Q NL ! 6

!iNYP >Q"6S"

t

;

S"Q N-P

"" !M

N;P Q" 6S"

t

;

S"Q NL ! 6 !M !NYP >Q")S"

ul;

NS !MSN #

1

us;

NQ6NM #

1

us,0;

Q "S

!iN8Q)N ! #

1

us,0;

M !iN8Q6N ! #

1

V ;

MS 3

Vr ; MS "8Q 3We ;

I"N )I "

XB,A;

" I! >

>S "

#Z

3

XB,H;

" I! >

Q TQ" "

#Z

3

XDCO;

" N Q "

S9I NQ"N >I SI

"6S!

!"

#Z

3

XND;

" XN-P > " S "6S!

!"JI NQ"N >I #Z

3

XNorg;

" N-P > "

MS I NQ"N >I MSI!

"

6S!

!"

#Z

3

XI;

" XN > 8Q " S

"!)S

" ! " #Z

3

XS;

" N > 8Q "

MS

"!)S

" I! #NQ"

N >I!

#Z

3

Xt;

"

" !)S!"

! #Z

3

Xmaxt;

" !M sN Q

" 6S!

!" S ! #Z

3

YA;

N) N " NI

TQ"! S "

YH;

N) N " NI

TQ"!3QTQ" "

%

(*(+!" !"#=

9#

;1

N-P

!

NO,h;

")S" N ""! NS >S N-P

N"

3N!

N-P

!

a;1S XN:P > M ! 3.

1.

1

h;1S XN:P

N"

M

1

; S S

#Z 3

A;1S XN"

:NI

TQ"! S "

1

H;1S XN"

:NI

TQ"!3QTQ" "

1

;

! Q"S

;1" QM#SNS N! !Q M#S"Q6NS #Z

3.

1

2;

W

">" QM#SNS N! !Q M#S"Q6NS #Z

3.

1

3;

W


3.

1

4;

W

">" QM#SNS N! !Q M#S"Q6NS

1

5;

W


3.

1

;1S XN " XNiI S

DBO5 ;

6

N I! S

dec ; Q

)S" N

"

h ; >S

in ; CS

!N

max ;

mes ; S"8Q

MES ; " 8S !

min ; !

NGL ;

purg ; "

0NI >S

rec ; !

N I S

(1) ; W Q"! #NiN L ! 6 N TS"8I

(2) ; W Q"! #NiN:P

"" N TS"I!

4.%*. %

!

A ; "!B ;

"!! NS

"

!

C ; "! N

"!

;

Q"

E ;

! XN-PZQ

"

f ;

! XN-PZQ

g ;

"!

G ;2< "8 "

:N3S"8"h ;

! XN "

"!! !

h ;

! XN "

H ; > ! H ;

"! N:P >

Iact ; 6I! N "! J ;

" T" N-P M !

Kf ; "! N

! NSX "N

M BQNSL ;

Q"QN

L ;2< "8 TQ"

-N3S"8"L ;

"

!

` ;

! XNS 6S"iN ">"N

N

m ;

! XN! N !S

n ;

! XN;PRQ

N ;

I" N ! ON !

"N" N-P ! " !!

ns;

I" N #NONS

T)

I"MN

Nm;

I" N 8S"

Np;

I" N ! ON-PZQ

!!

p p ;

! XNS 6S"iN "

O ;

N:P I" P ; "! N "N;P "")S"ON-P ! P ;

8QN" I >I!! TQ

q ;

! XNS 6S"iN ">"NS N!

Q ; "! N

) iN I r ;

I" N "

" "N:P >

"QNS

re;

I" N "

N-PZQ !8Q

s ;

N ! N S

;

"!>I!sNI!! TQ

S ;

" "8

!8QJNS "8" >S N "

!

t ;2I!sN N

v ;

!

!" S "!!!

V,W ; HJS" !!

V ;

"MQTQN Q" !!

W ; "! N N3Q" !

x ;

"!>I!sN-PRQ

y, y ;

"!>I!sN " !

z ;

"!>I! L "8 !

;

"!S!

;

"!MN TQ

% (*(+!" !"#= 9#

;

>S0N 3

;

! N

!"

;W

"8S"8I !

" !

; " N NQ"

;

">I>NK !

!)S" " "

; " N

;

6S"N-P SI!

;0S ! 6S"N " SN S

" NS #N

;

! N Q"

;

N NQ"!

""6S"iN #NQ! !

I! "

N

J ;

" T" N-P M !

(k) ; ke`me NNL ! 6 NS

86

I"N

L ; "!3LQ"6S"

n ; >

p ; W "8S"8I2Q

s ;

">I !

T ;2< "

8Q "!!

U ; "8S2Q"!)S"

0 ;

; ;P

+ ; "8YP !

? ; H M

;

6S"O

"

N)S">S TQ

;

6S" MQ ;

">I 8SQ)

" ;

Q">Q) "!JN-P "8N"

1

;

Q" Q) "!JN-P "8N"

2

. # !" (

;

N!N I S

Q

;

8Q" 8S" N! !M

vW

;

W

" 6S" ! #" %$

;

8Q" 8S" )S"sN

3N & ('

JW

;

W

"Q "! N3S6S" N N & (' )"* ,+-.

;

T) N:PRQ)#S !Q)I" N Q" ! 0/ 1 & 2

3

54*6 .

H

;

6

N

M M#S H

H

s;

6

N

M M#S H

N 8Q

SI!

vH

5;

6

N M MS H

>8S"

5K S"

# #

;

S ! I

#NJN I S

Q

;

!"JN

M BQNS 4879 #:;

;

! "

S"BS !8Q N YP S ?&

@ .

2 BAC #D

2

JW

;

W

" " TQ"N

> MS 2

('&

)"

JW

;

W

" I) S N! ! !

! 2

E'&

F"

;

! "

JNYP S ?&

*AC G 2

< ;

"S S

!

;

W

;

W

" " Q

!"s 0O QH "

W'

;

>

N "Q6N !Q !" O >. S "

&

H

3;

"

;

!N"

""Q "8Q6S"ML 0O &. H 36 Q

S N !

"

>Q ." & '&

"

; &

C

H ,

, %

H C

;

J , 2 ; JNJ

P

Q E & C Q

P4 H 2CA K C6 ,6 E < 26

Q"! 8S" ;P

N

N >S XN:PRQ S ! " ! 0N "

< Q H E "! & $#

E

* .

& &

& & &% '# '# !() 6 *# + , .- F $# -+

6 S S ! 6 Q

" S"

""9 ;P

N ! NM #S

" "

)

KS8S-PR S-P ! i

6 I! N-P

N" ) SQ

!

L "

! N-P >SN:PRQ S !NBG

6S"3154 #(H 2(6878 " F

! '# # 9 >

&) $# 79 $# ! & !

@D-EGF H>#IJDK=L=(=

MNPOQSRJQUTNWVXYZY\["OQ]N

^`_@acbcdKegf7hSikj-hUdlch

!MS

" N

NS "!

!8Q S N-P !3NS"!

!!

! "

6 N

>S S8Q "8Q8S

N YP

TQ S ! NSS N ! "Q

!>I >S

!

N-PZSS

! TQ !kL

!

N S N S"L #

!nm

m e M

YP !3NS"!

!!

;PRS"I

! N Q !6S S "

N NQ! ) N L " N8Q N

S! !

S N

!" >NQ)#SsLS ! S

S!6S" ""!

JN

sN:Q"

N-P "

QMNQ6 !#

S !

SN N"

1857 5" ,

S"6 BI"

M#S N3QMN N:PRQ 6S" ! >S SQ

N !! >S

N"8Q>S N-PRQ S S""

#

S S"JN!NQ!S

!

MS

" N "

N ! MN

! 6PZQ6S!2" Q

6 N

T6

!"#

S ' "S! N "8Q>S N-PZQ

6S

YP >S> N " !MS

NQ "8QXN

! !!6S 8S"iLS ;P "!! N-PZS "

MN NQ">N ! N ! S

8Q

N >S 8S "k !#

SNQ)ISNSompm e M

N I"6S !

"" S"

Q

! "8 S"8N6 SQ !" >I) "ML >S Q

"!)S

"

"

MS N

ML # Q

T) 8S"! Q

!

MQ !

")

TQ"8Q

>S ! _S >S MSOQ

Q"!6S6

)Q

" #N6S"

S{Q)

! N !6S BN NQ"#

W

">N

6

! ") " "Q6 !" MQLQ"

S" ! "

6 BN

>S S8Q " 6S"

" !

N

MS

" N

N >S

S-P S S"

N 3NB Q NSmgm e ! S

F

[

#

I

"6 !"!!)S

" >I) "K6S"

YP

8S" "Q6NS N "cK N

Q "

SI! #NQ">N>I!

0 !3N"Q !N-P > >S

N "

!6S S0NQ ! 6 iN N ML N") "L " #

BS

TQ N-P S SQ"

TQ >SsK S"

S" N

N ;P "N"N

40 !! N " 6SI

" !6

F

[[

N 6P

" rq"#

"

! MSsQ > M#S S"sN! "sN >S ;P

N ! 0I! M#S

! " 6Q)NQ

TS

"!

! #NN "

6 ! S >S">

! S"#

F

$#"" (

S S"JNJN"M"JNQ!

J ! "8 NYP 6S" ! XN >S N

S"L

NS ML # "cK N S"M >

" L "!

NQ 6 N-P

!>SJS N"

NJS

TQN-P

>S N

" IM6 N-P N)S" " TS"I ! Q

86 #SM#S# "3L ") N

"8Q!)

!"

! " S ! c N "cK >SNQ6IS N Q

1990

!

"S XN

"

S" 2Q[

F

G>U

F

4E 7 2

S

! #

"

! N_

_

!" SpN ! N

! "N !

8Q " "

S S

ONN 6S TQO "K)S" >S"O ">S "

6S"

!! sN "

6 #

"

! ! TQ 3L " TQ

N-P "

" IM6 MSQ > M#S S" Q""6S" ON-PZQ3S"!

S! "Q6 ! S""

> S" MS " 6S" 8S ! # ! >S

"8 N

!!

N Q

"6

" YP >Q! " ! N "

L " N ! I!TQNS "

6 pN-PZS

"

"Q6NS N #" 2Q" !"

N-P >S"

" #

/21

#

1

("9 k

A

79!"3(

&/21

&D/

/

&

0#C{$ 9

A

#

' !M"pN-PZQS" #N" > I! >QQ"

6 S!)S"'Q

N"

6 #

_P ('S sI"8S N-P I "N"8Q "

8Q

N-PZQ !" !i 8Q"!>S " " NQ"!

>I! ! "

DNI

NQS!!

N

" !

! "6S MS

NQ

! "

!" #

W

S" ! >S SQBN-P "! !6 N S

;P 'S L

8S YP I#K N-PZS"

6 N

!"

" !I! S_N

!MS

"

N

3L N"

F

[[

F

#

S" "

pSTQ_N "N

!!

S "

) " !

!"

8SQ N-P " ;P 'S

N ! NQ!3L " ! " S " N:PRQ! !" !

#N6S" "8QN3S!#

Q

8 _L N> >S M !SQ_N

! "

6 'I ! SON >S S8Q

MN S S";P ) I!N" 6Q)NQ DI S Q

JI

TQ"!

!

S

((

S

" )N"

F

[

#

9 !" "

!8

!6 9N9I

8Q"

NQ">N ! " "

S !3Q"! "8Q sN >S SQ >S"

6S" NQ 6 DQ I ! #

SI

"8Q >S !L "8 N

"6S ! %$YN

S L "8 JN Q6SN! S# iQ

NS " 8S

NXNQ"N 3Q6 8Q S"

!#

F

#

"

N !)S"

!! "

" !)S! " > MQ)S! N ""8Q

I!)

N"

8Q 8Q MS

!

N >S " " M Q

!SI

N S

"! I

8Q"!#

#S Q

6S

! N MI!TQ SI "

! "8Q

N">SS N "Q

6S" S " N !" )

! 6 Q"8S"

" >S"

" 8S QQ"

{N NQ">N #

! " )Q6NQJN "

) iI ! S

! Q I ! N SK S" !)S !

" N3S! N S! S#

" 8S "8 Nv

! "SO#S

8Q 8S

N'I

TQ"!N

86

)S Q

3 "7q"9N " N

L ! 6

"#S

I

TQ"! " " '& !

" Q

!" N-P "

!" S

"NI S" #NS#

G

!#"%$&%'(%) $*

+-,.&%/0.12(3) $*

4&%15*6"7'8$& (

-&315*#"%'9$&7(

:;!#&7$< ;"%,

=>) ?8@6"7) $*

A

;*(3B#CD"%,

E 15FD(%0.&%) ,.*#*#,

,D"%'#) &312(%) $*

A#G

A

A6G

A

A6HJIKG

I

+94

G>I

> >

LNM2OQP

F

iNS" 8SiN NQ">N I! ! MS#

! / = A A 9 (*! & (+# 1 (SR / C=>( & , A

" )Q6NQ BI S

>Q 8S N !! N N "

6 MSJS!!8Q >S"

;PRQS" ! N('S S"8I

# I

! I >S

>Q S "8Q )S" I! ! MS

TQ !S >Q"Q

N

!)#S S6S TS" I

8Q" v

S>S

N ! S! SL "8 N 8S

!#-G #

)S8S" I TQ"

>S

QJI S S I!

8S 8Q

"8Q" !") NS SMNsQS"8QN

S !

" 6S"# i "K)S"

" !_N I SQ

! ! " "

Q N pI! "Q

)S"

S"

"Q!

Q ;P >S0S8Q !N

)S! S L

I

"! JQ! !3QNS

T) #

Air

TVUXWQWZY2[\

]^UXY2Y5_a`cb>d UX[eU8f5_agK` hji

UXe2_lkm#U8f\WZe

no\mqpm

i

UXrK\sb\#YotgKW\#Y

no\vu2\qf

Txwfe5UXmf5_agK`cb\#YotgKWZ\Y

LNM2OQP:G

3 S"! XNS " 6Q)NQ N"

6 iI S

>Q#

S6 N Q NQ">N ! N M" "

MSJN S SQ N

S "6 !" 6

N >S!! "Q )S ! Q TQ YP ! N3S " 6Q)NQ

;PRQ! ! hN #S "M 8Q > 8Q "8Q #

! ;P

N ! N

M" "

S 8SMS

YP 6S"TS!

S QMQ6

N#S

TQN YP ShQS"Q S"

XNB !M"

YP >Q! " ! N YP

8Q NS ")

N

"

" "OS "L "6 NNQ">N ! N !MS > 8Q

"8Q#

S"! S8QiN"

)

;PRQ!M N3S " 6S " IS

" 6 M !6 +K S pSQ

N "8Q! ! S SMQ6

"y #

z6{}|~q89a~l|- S c Z|99~9|Z~>~qa9a~>|4a98 9Zqx 98|a9 Q56NQq8|#ql

7Z8| c a 9|-q89x |4c9Z8o7|~q#qa>88Z{}sqq|lq9c9Z~Z~q~|4

a Z89|a8c9Z~>Z

aa69Na6q~q Z 9 9~ sZ8 ZX|4984q|c8Z|4

V

_PZQ!M ! NYP > >S "

!"SON ! " S"#

S"

"

6 N Q "

S

"I Q

I ! S"Q>! SJQ

S# " SN NQ">N ! !!

!" MS I" Q N

J !6S TS"

L 0N6S XQ

!#

V

;

;P

N ! >Q" I!N;P > !

"

"

I

8Q" S " N-PRS

" "M ! & "Q6NS N N-P

!

N " > >)S

" !'I

TQ"! Q TQ" " vN-P >S"

" DN3Q " ! #

") M"OQ

")#S!" N:P M "

_#S

8QpN-P

sN! S

! "_#S ;P >I

N-P

> N! S !vN! I! TQ9N "

3NS

TQN

"8I SI I NQ"N >I

3Q

!" S"! N#

Norg

NH+4

NH+4 NO2NO

2 NO

3 N2

"!

#%$$'&)(*&)+ ,-.&0/21 3

465

!

!

7

8

77

77

7

9

&:-:;'& =,-.&0/21 3

?

2

70@

5

ABCB

ED

7

F

G

F

2

9

&:-.;H&)-I,-.&0/21

9

&:-.;,-I,-.&0/21

JLK

1"&)-.;'& =,-.&0/21 3

M

!

2

5

5

L M2OQP

V

NS" 8S N NQ">N ! I! M#SsNYP > #

:Q" 3 >S"! NS " 6Q6N3QhI S

>Q " 0N !!"

N ! vNL )

! # JL N XNL

"

"OS

N-P

! N !

iN-P

"

" !M#S6S" NS0I

! N-P >Q" 8SQ

#

!

!

"I

!I! Q

!" S " 8SN NQ "M N"

" TQ

" ;P >SSQ MN

! "

" !I

NS "

! "#

S "N6 BN-PZQ ! ! N YP >

"!6S!") M "

!XI

!N-P >S"

N"

6 8SQ6

!" ! ! Q">QMSJQ>Q

"

! NSL " >S N "

! "

-P >S " >QQ"

6 YP

! N

N L vS-P S XS TQiN"

N

!#

"

) N ;P )SQ

6 " !

Q 8Q6S !!6 >S N-PZS

I SS

"

!N-P ""N N NBL ! 6 >Q" I!

M#S# "8S ! 6 N 8QcK >S" N ;P 'S N ! "8Q

6S" M "

S"! N-PZQS" L !

0L I

" S >Q"! " Q

!

"N) N-PZQ ! ! Q>Q

S6 N YP "8N"N

70

90% Q6N3S

#

F

[[

&

+K

F

[[

F

&

S

F

[[> &6O K

#

F

[[> #

$:7

A

=

&

=

&

(

A

#7_ (

&

(+#

19&

(

A

(+!"

&

(+#

1

(

W

S" ! !!8Q

NS!6S"

!iSS !!!"'N-PZQ6S

I

##

! "9N "

) sI S

>Q MS S TSQ

aX~|QPq7Z8SRTUVWU?X q 6|4. 6YZ[Z]\[^6a8 Z X6X

lq99|4 9c9Z |c9q#qa|qa

x |4|9q ~~ 9c8|4 X9

N-PZS "Q

6S"vI! ! MSSS

TQ >Q"Q 8Q)S !6 >SB

N-P >Q"6S"vQ

SBN8S"kL

TS"I!

#'G #

"Q!8Q N8S

P ;P " N

;P >Q"! XS "8 N-P

S""

N

! " 8SJN " ! sNNQ"M

>S ! N3S I

!N-P >Q" # "

6 JNS " :P QQ"

!)

"! MNQ" y #

TS N !8Q

TS!6 9N S9NQ!#

"

S" Q "NS! N" L "

N !

"Q

S "3L ") JN!

S

8Q pN !s >I!8Q N "

6 #

YP I#KML2NS

! TQvN3S !!)S "8Q)S"

!

"8 N "K Q 6S ! N"

10 # 1 # "L "8

"8Q S

"

! S 6S N-P ! >Q"! )S !!N" YP )S"

8S!#

! 6P "K S XN N 6S TQBQ S S

S N " #S

!CQ

S

" Q3Q"!6

N-P !"

)

BN %"S ">I!

S MS

N-PZQ3S"! S TS XN-P !N"! I#K L 3Q#

MS S

N ! N:PRQS" ! )P TS >S

N

T) YP 2Q"

6S S" " )Q6NQ "Q NQ"

!

")

8Q"Q#2H 6S "!"

N

SON S N 'N! S

!6S >S ! "6N

YPZQ8SN'N3S!S'NM

_N-P

Q

BN3Q6I S Q S"N I")S

! ! "S Q)NS

#

F

[[

& L"

#

F

[>[

V

& S"

!

F

[[

&

W

!

>SQ #

F

[[> # NQ N

iN N "M ! JNQ"M !

" 8S" N

"! > #S " " 6

>S "

" YPZS!! N

"!" " !

?O K

#

F

[>[

Q

6 Q8Q" 8Q#

"8Q YP >Q! " ! NN! ML pN

N

>S" " !sN

!vN-P >Q"

!

" !)S!"

! NQ

6 N " "8Q!)

" N"cK " L "Q6S

2Q"! #NNS! I! ""

Q

!) " )

#"sNL ! 6

vQ>Q#

N Q S L ! 6 N3S

T6 JN-P >Q"! TS

60

80%N > Q">QMS N pN-PZQS"

F

[

SiI

7q!"NS %" N !S

TQiNS "

6

Q

")

"S MS

>N

TQ NYP >Q" NS "8Q

6S"iI! ! MS#

} / 1 97! / = A A 90(+!" & (* 1 ( R / #C=>( & , A #

"

6 _I ! SvN ;P > ON >S "8QN3S

!"pS"I

!_ JK6SN " 8S

NN3Q">N !

"Q

>S >I!6 ! 8QNS " 6Q)NQ I >S

>Q#

W

S" OS TQON ")

" 6S!"

;P "

! " " 8S

N-P

N N M" "

S

N" ! NsNQ"M ! " #

Q6S M "

N ! TQ N"N" " 6Q)NQI S S MS

I #S!Q">I! ! c ! N " ! NNQ)I

N " ! pN !

N YP !S

N

) JN) 2Q"TS"

S " TQS !

N-PZQ3S"!

) OI! "8S TQ

)S !kL

!" >S "8 _N"cK N3S"

8

9%NS 6

" !vN

L ) ON !NS"Q"!3LQ"!)S"s S

K S"Q

"

S" >S

F

[[

# B S" N"8QJN N "

L " JN M 2Q" S"L

!" L >S "8S"8I !

>Q! "" ! I!TQ

"kL "8

NS ") #

W

)S N-PZS TQiN"

6 s

"8Q SQ)#S!2QiN

iN " >S

S

"#S >P

! ! ! S!!Q " 6S Q S3Q#

N-P

!!)S" N-P >S S Q" S! ! vN-PZQS" N !!# "

)Q6NQ

! L "Q6S)

N3QJ #S!6

"N "! >S

"vN !

" !6S"" " ! !N3I "

F

[>[ U

!"8Q!NQ! ) MS

! MCS"8Q N !JN

N #NQ!! N YP ! "8S3 N

! ON:PRQS" !

;

! "#$&%

I"6S Q8SN "

8S"!B

N3Q!! NiQ

8 N NQ">N ! I! SvN

N-PZQS"

XQ TQ "Q

!8Q S S" N N)S @N"M" NQ!#

! )S ! N

!

3SI! ! " ;P

y N #N

1

2 S "8Q6

3

#

F

[ U &

S"K" #

F

[[

F

[[>[ # _PZS!!

"6 "Q

3NS N

#N N

N S !!N !N:P

! ! " N" S" 6S"

8QN"8Q)N! #

#NQ! N " 8S N NQ

"M Q !6 L

;P I

z'2Z9q|4 |(

67|-qa*)S|-q9,+|aaP

V

2

K iN I"6S " >S

F

[[ &

>

#

F

[>[ U #

_P

! N p #N!

I

! _ N3! NONQ"N I !

S

" vN NQ""sNsL >N BNQ

!Q " ) N

> S N !M"

N"

)

>

F

[>[ #

,$ $ ! "#$&% p

SpN

6S"

8S

KS#S:P "Q6

SN "!! S I

! N 6 "8Q

NS8Q N"

)

#

F

[[ G #

MSN NB

>

N! S "6N

N S >S )S" >S"K S"8N:P S N! I S" ! 8S"

N "! > >S

"

6S

#

F

[[

V

&

" !6

F

[[

&

)S #

F

[[ &

"N >

#

F

[[> #

6S"S 3Q MSJN " N-PZQ

!! N "!

" >IS

N6 JN "Q L

I

S) N YP "8N" N

5

10 !S#

N3Q! ) sN

6S" "!" >Q "MS

"

sN 8S"" YP

8QI!

M#S

S"JQ

6 ON !

" "

K"

#

F

[[

F

[[ #

3

Q N N-P I"! # " N-P ""

!"N6S"

S"I! "! I O

" " N 8S" SL

!!)

I#

"3

I

8Q S" ;PRS !! NX N3! Q) S

S N3QQ

" ! "

6S

!!" S N

6S"N! MI!N

"

!!" N

" !)S!M"6 S!!

S" ! 8S "

NN ON-PZQ3S"! #

W

"

!6

YP >Q! "! "8

Ns

JN

6S

" sN:P

" ;P

! N:P

"3 N N N-P ! "L "

BNB #N!N

! TQ

" !

>

N >N

>

N !Q

!"

N "8Q6N!

N M !

#

N3Q! ) "3N NQ "8

!

I YPZS!!! XN YP ! "8S3

N!

N JN YP >S !

k

N

L >N

8Q6 MS S" ! XN ON-PZQS"! #

%, 70*1 . '0*

_PZQTS3NN ! TS

8S!N N-PZQS"! N !!X "8QS

pN""pL TS!6 L

i NpN )S8Q S'S-PZQ S#

;P "8Q !S6S" "

! N >S!! " N "cK Q " YP

S" Q

S >SN #" N-P ! ! !

"N ! TQ

! SN Q

TQ

M" iNN

L )

!Q I!#

TS iN S

IJN S"N

#

_P >I#K MLN "

N " "SQ N ! N-P M ! N

STQ0N "

6 0 I S

Q# _P

" NQ 2Q " N)S

N!

i ;PRQ TSNN YP M ! sN

> S

ii S" N !

3N

sNS " 6Q)NQ#

7(

&

&

63(

&/21

1

C

&

9 79!

/

=

A

A

'Q NpN-P M ! N

> MS "8 NNQ" " ! " > CN

3N

S !S "8"N Q SN "

! QCQ# " R 7

U

K"

#

W

" Q !

MSpN S "

! 'QTQ

!SQ 8S6O;P M !

NS L ! 6 N

> S N I")S " 6Q)NQ S

Q " M M#S

Q!

" S I S

"

"

"!"

F

[[

F

& > !"6

F

[[

&

#

F

[[> &

S"!"

#

F

[[[ &

"

#

F

[[[

G

&

#

G

>

&

N O !

!

G

>3F

&

#

G

3F

# "8Q " N SN

!)S " N

S"p N

T) N > 8Q "

#

W

">N

6

'Q

N :P s#S " 6S QTQ

SQ N " IM6 i K)SN " )Q6NQJN

"

6 N >S S8Q

"

F

[[ & {S

F

[[[ #

_P

! ! N Q N !

>Q hN NQ"8 !" " > >S

N-P >Q"! N ! N-PZQS" I S Q# " IM6 Q8SNQ

N N)S

;

" I6 N ! ) 6P !" N

! >N" >QQ"

9N ;P Q ! " N! S

! TQJN "KiN ! ON-PRQS" # "N ! N

;P M

9N "K 8S" !!)S"Q6S" )P NQ

"S "3L "6 _N "

"Q6 !"#

N" )

"!I

N "! "8Q!

!"ON"K#

N)S

! 6P

N:PRQ S"

S 6S " IS

""

"

>S X #NON ! >I8SONS " 6Q)NQ

CN-PZQTS3N!"!L

!>I!8QsN! Q #N#

}

/

1

/

79(

&

D0 7!

/

=

A

A

_P Q) N" N " >! M >S XN-P >Q"

!)SQ ! "8Q

N I"6S ! Q! #

"

"! N S !MS

!N

!

" TSNiNJ #N Q) S S!!8Q iI"8SiN 8S" 6S

NS" NL "

"! iN N M !NL ! 6 JN3S " 6Q)NQ#

Q ! S" N Q)

N

N #

W

S!)S" Q8SN "Q OQ8Q "8Q

!8Q S"

#

F

[>[

&

F

[[

&

{S

#

F

[[ U

F

[>[ &

cK K

" #

F

[[U

F

[[ & K"

G

# S S

" IM6 "" N S " IM6 N-P M ! 0#S>N" SS ! 8Q"QN

S

Q6 N

3N "8Q6N! !Q !" S !!3Q

" S" ! S"8S sN:PRS

SN-PZS " > CN"Q)LQ" "8Q >I6 pNQ !# _P

" >N 8QN

Q TSN

N:Q" # S

! N:P >Q"!

TS

!Q

" ! "8Q MS

N-PZS " I6 _N-P ! ! JN

> S#

"N Q

!" ;PRS!! ! N-PZS #N_N

L ) "Q6NSNS" 6Q)NQ YP

! JN-P

! " N-P >I" >N ML

0N-P M " !

">I!N-PRQ 0 S"8Q !

" "ONS

86 #

}

>

!4 0*1 . '0*

Q6 !" 6P

"!)S!>S S"ON N6S " "!! !#

_PRQ TSNN N

!JN L ! 6 N N-PZQS"

I S Q L

YP I#K N ") M"

"!# N! Q) S S!!8Q

! " IM6 N:P ! QTS3NQ NQ)!N ! "6 !"

"# N

"! ! N Q #NN-P ! ! N

> MS " N "Q SN" ! " I)

I"MN O "8Q8S

8S JN QN

3N

"'& YP

! N

Q NN-P M ! N!" S

" 6S"6 NQ

!Q# pPZQ8SN N-PZS S8Q

N ")

QN

! " !M6

"# N M !

NL ) N S TQ S" ! " 8S ) "8Q 8Q

ON!6S8Q S" !N:Q" " I) N-P ! #

"8QSN " "

N " Q N >Q! " ! !!!OS 6S "

" TQ " ;P

! BN Q NON-P ! ! BN

> S#

"ML { ! ! S"pN

N

!NS " 6Q6N3Q "TQ

N N "NS

S" # #N! JS !!Q S S"JN ! "

" " >N

TQ S"_SS!! #

S

YPZQ!>I "! N-PZS #N

"Q6NS JQ TSNQN

! #S"6

"# _P

N " "Q8Q N-P >I">I!8Q

N-P N >I!8Q "8STS"! "SiN s N3! ! c !pN "N6S" SI

N-P " S"8Q TSQ N

)

"#

hN !" BN

;P M "kL ! NS N3! "Q6NS 'N " TSN "! S "8S"8I !N

!SM6

""8Q YP

N I!! TQON N ! M !_N L

! 6 #

!N >I S""" !"QS >I#S N

S

NL ) "SNS " 6Q)NQ#

"8 iN NQ "! "I!

N-PZQ!

" "!MS!S NS #N! "! N ;P

! ! N

Q N N-P I"! N-P M ! N3S " )Q6NQ#

Q #N "8Q TQ N

N"!"

"# 6S" 8Q" N

OS Q6 N N "Q6N !

Q

#SsN-PRS

N ! Q"

!#

3

S! " ON

Q TSN "Q TQ#

[

!#"%$ " &('*)+%)

,-,

!" # %$&'( )*

+-,/.1032 46587:9A@B=DCFEHGJIK,JLKMN46OF5P,RQ(>R2S,AMNTU.V0K,W5P,

=?@BLK;F,XMH@B46TY>A@B=DCFEHGJIK,JLKMN46OF5P,

Z\[R]^`_ba(cedf[B]FgWgA^Jdf_J]hced i-jJkF_lg

m

! "#%$'&() +* +,-.-/(

y8|`AF~ylK~U`U|(-VJ(V~|&Jy|K}wlVJ~K~Kl(lFJ

lFJy\~)|lK~?~JlylFB

\Xl~(yA1JXD&lll(?DXlKlX|yFJ/?|KllyD~)l|h?yK~

eylFUK~

! "#%$'&() +* +,-.-/(

^

,

,X`

lWJV~|hyD?J1J|"|y|yh~(

>a sa

4 q V47Z

a

SI

"! 3#

$5

4&%l'a8c9Z( B)NqN|*

SS

"! 3+,

4 q V47Z-ch .'6 h p

XI

"! 3/

$5

40 9Zq9c9Z( 21) *

XS

"! 323

a4'6 564q4

XB,H

"! 36,3

a4'6 5 4q4

XB,A

"! 37

(884q9

$&%3Nq |l

4:98a lq:

SNO ; 3

,

(884q V47Z|h .'6 h q 21) *,a

XND ; 3

!-?

9p2.4,

SO

O2

3

\VleV/&AV~)|h?>=?

1l|FX

8l|hll~(J1J|a

yKlll|l|F)y~`Jll~e-

,

=d&~J((lly(Jy| "|l~)

JVVJy|"`(|Nl

@BA1CEDGF,FIH JLK,MNH0OIA1C PQDRMTS&MUFWVTDRKUA1CYXCZA\[ HYJDGF,V]MIF_^(OU`\OIACE`aAC$b^(MIFdc

[JVJy|~ ~

`JlV(lwyUy|VN|Fyl(Jl|ll|(w~(JyylX8|~wl~ly

y|8FYW|y|y&Jl/V8|yl

a/|l~Y|Klly~

JyFUbV|l|(lFJeD|(~l||lXwyyVJy|

(~)~`JJ1BS5N(l1J~yF/yyJXV/~ylKX(~)~`JJ1

SSy

FyFX/yD(h~(|Bhhyll|~X|K~|;J

@BA1CEDGF,FIH JLK,MNH JLCfeYDRMTS&MUFWVgDRKIA1CYXCZA*[YHYJDGF,V]MIF_^(OQ`hOIACE`)A1C$b^(MUFic

?U|BhhV

~(8 Y'9^&j asJ6Y a0a4ZS& '6$'69Z

4 8

*884c '|, 0 9t

u L' 4 ,'6q :o0'v. V4.cRV,6s q:

-j *884

4cc 's*:Q9 asJ6 4) 4, :5 4

?

4

,wa 40x y

ZRz|'6s 9Nj9 Z|4Z a

{|

4Zq >Z\5x a}|laN9'oZ

6

u a4 R5Z

9'6qu|N~t h5

qc|'6c 4

SNHKNH,H+SNH

|4, :' 9 7:

19

2|'qN.4 ,'6:0'v. V4.

R

64q4

:

#

,2F

-Y / ,'! /\ ,V(/"Y D /) (DM w #$ /5,(/

ammonification

nitrification

arobie

croissancearobie

hydrolyse

croissancearobie

anoxiecroissance

anoxiecroissance

croissancearobie

hydrolysearobie

hydrolyseanoxie

hydrolyseanoxiemortalit mortalit

mortalitmortalitmortalit

mortalit

croissanceanoxie

SI

SS

XIXS

XB,H XB,A

SNO

SNH

SND

XND

Z[]_^

,

Fd

`

5NFJll|(FJlWVlWJV~|hy=?

1

||l

\/y~W|l/l|K/lJ(|/)a] l~eyl||1

(ly

XI~`JJ1yFJF|hJ

XS b|lyyeyl\

ll||J|lK~?|FJK~*ely~eVlllyJ~(~y~

~yl:~

! "#%$'&() +* +,-.-/(

V

,

=d]

-Y / ,'! /\ ,V(/"Y D /) (DM w #$ /5,(/

|

j("e&JK~~

j e`mel|hl~

i,je`J|hAy|J~

ie`me||

8|~/yDl|hll~(

j

\/|h&Jyh~(Wll~AF |8|`J_d

! "#%$'&(

) +*+,-.-/(

!

" #

$

%&'

" () *

!+ ,

'

"-

.

/

0+

1

- ! ,

'

"-

. 0 - 2

" 0 "

20

3

10

3

456 789 :;< =

*

!

*

&

)

>

:; :9 ?@ ; 5A A @B 78C D9 E@ ;C

FG 5A

H

"

)

0 "

"

)

! 0 "I &

)

= "

.

*

&

)

0 " .J

+ !+

& !

&

/

J

" .

YH

KL

3M

(

K

L

3M

)1

NO

PQ NO

PQ N

O

P Q NO

RS

T

NO

QU

H

"

)

0 "

"

)

! 0 "I &

)

= "

.

*

&

)

0 " . - ! & !

&

/

J

" .

YA

KL

3M

(

KV )

1

NOW X

NOW X

N

OW X

NO

NQ

T

NOW

S

Y

I !

*

&

)

0 "

L

3M

*)

"

! "

*

. .- " 0 - 0+ I . 0 "

'

%

*

&

. . "

frXI NO NS NO NS N O N S T

&

/

&

!

*

&

)

0[Z

\

& ! " 0

)

.

'

%

*

&

. . "

iNBM

K

V (

KL

3M

)1

N

O

N S P NO

NS P N

O

N S

T

&

/

&

!

*

&

)

0[Z

\

& ! " 0

)

.

'

" .

/

& 0 -

*

! . 0 "

'

%

*

&

. . "

iNXI

K

V (

KL

3M

)1

NO

N P NO

N P N

O

N P

T

>

:; :9 ?@ ; 5A 7C 6 E @C

FG 5A

]

-^

0 "I

&

*

. .

)

I " .

/

+ I

*_

`

- "

^ *

'

0 " .

J

+ !+

& !

&

/

J

" .

H

a

1

PO

N RO

N

X O

N NO

P N

T

b

R

OW

]

-^

0 "

&

!

' *

!+ 0 " .J

+ !+

& !

&

/

J

" .

bH

a

1

NO

P

W

NOW

N N

O

R N N

O

NU

T

bO

P

3

&

)

.!

)

! " 0[Z

c ) *

!+ "

)

.- % .!

! 0 " .

J

+ !+

& !

&

/

J

" .

KS

K

L

3M

3 WN

W

N

b

N U

T

W W

U

3

&

)

.!

)

! " 0[Z

c ) *

!+ "

)

&

) *

`

- " 0 " .J

+ !+

& !

&

/

J

" .

KNH,H

K

V 3

N

O

NU

de

-

' *

"

)

f

b

g g Q

h

T

3

&

)

.!

)

! " 0[Z

c ) *

!+ "

)

&

^

$ K

)

" 0 " .

J

+ !+

& !

&

/

J

" .

KO,H

K

O2 3 NOW N NOW N N OW N NO N b T NOW N

3

&

)

.!

)

! " 0[Z

c ) *

!+ "

) ) *

!

! " . 0 " .J

+ !+

& !

&

/

J

" . 0+

) *

!

*_

)

! .

KNO

K

V 3

NO

U N NO

U N N

O

U N NO b

N

T

NO

U N

]

-^

0 "I

&

*

. .

)

I " .

/

+ I

*_

`

- "

^ *

'

0 " . - ! & !

&

/

J

" .

A

a

1

NO

S N NO

R N N

O

U N N

OW

N

T

bO

N

]

-^

0 "

&

!

' *

!+ 0 " . - ! & !

&

/

J

" .

bA

a

1

NOW

N NO b

N N

O

NU N

O

NU

T

NO

R

3

&

)

.!

)

! " 0[Z

c ) *

!+ "

)

&

) *

`

- " 0 " . - ! & !

&

/

J

" .

KNH,A

K

V 3 bON

bO

N

bO

N

T

3

&

)

.!

)

! " 0[Z

c ) *

!+ "

)

&

^

$

K

)

" 0 " . - ! & !

&

/

J

" .

KO,A

K

O2 3 NO X N NO X N N O X N N O X N T W O N

Y

I ! "-

0 "I &

"I !

*

&

)

/& -

'

I

&

*

. .

)

I "

)

&

^ *

" 0 " .J

+ !+

& !

&

/

J

" .

NO,g NO S NO S N O S N O P T bO N

]

-^

0[Z

&

) *_

I !

*

&

) a

3 (KL

3M

)1

a

1

NO

NS NO

N

X

N

O

NU

T

]

-^

^ *

'

.

/

+ I

*_

`

- " 0[Z

J

$

0

&

'

$

. "

h

KL

3M

(K

L

3M

)1

a

1

RO

N

bO

N R

O

N

T

3

&

)

.!

)

! " 0[Z

c ) *

!+ "

)

.- % .!

!

/

!

*

I -

'

*

"

/& -

'

Z

J

$

0

&'

$

. "

KX

KL

3M

(K

L

3M

)1

NO

N R NO

N

b

N

O b

T

Y

I ! "-

0 "I &

"I !

*

&

)

/& -

'

Z

J

$

0

&

'

$

. " "

)

/

J

. "

)

&

^ *

"

NO,h NO X NO X N O S T

d

-Y / ,'! /\ ,V(/"Y D /) (DM w #$ /5,(/

|

uaerly/eVleVw/|WVJ/~``J/JVl|V|~(J&||

(|`|BhU`-Vll~(lY(}lVJ~l\(U~bV Nh_b

Q

U b

Q

UZMhKNR

uaer ~(

(l:K~~V~lyll

0|~

13~(ll~(b|(~(l*FJ

yD||JFX~B&J~X|y|yh~(|lyJ/~)|W`Jyl

xba

t= f

(1)ba

(xba,xrec,xin

)y|l/(~)|(Jy|FX?lVJ~

1.6a

xba

t= f

(2)ba

(xba,xrec,xin

)y|l/(Xly|XVll&B

1.6b

|yyJFJ"|*~(AVl|FJ"|h

f(1)ba

f(2)ba

~ hl|l|F

~hyJFJUlW&(lXVlAVJ1J~(h\|(X~lBVJ~(|y|K~

((l:?@24%*)BA/>C2;'*+.D%

E

+:FHG/3JIKML

Z[]_^

,

`

5N~(JlVJy|?&&X~(BVKl~l~(:|(FlJVl|)|VJ?l|y~y

"J(:s|lJ?|

! "#%$'&() +* +,-.-/(

|~AwFJFUAV y|FyFJK}D8`J(/Yll~AVl `w

|J|V

-Y / ,'! /\ ,V(/"Y D /) (DM w #$ /5,(/

^

,

`

{JV&JlX~|hy

! "#%$'&() +* +,-.-/(

1 !"#

$ 2

%$ Na &' )(*+,

&

,- !+.#

$ Na + 1

%$ Ncc )+0/ !"#

1l,h =QinQpurg

SdecXdec,1t

2l,h =QinQpurg

SdecXdec,2t

3l,h =QinQpurg

SdecXdec,3t

Nal,h =QinQpurg

SdecXdec,Nat

Qin+Qrec

SdecXbat

Nal,b =Qrec+Qpurg

SdecXdec,Nat

Na+1l,b =Qrec+Qpurg

SdecXdec,Na+1t

Ncc1l,b =Qrec+Qpurg

SdecXdec,Ncc1t

Nccl,b =Qrec+Qpurg

SdecXdec,Ncct

13245678:9*;@9

1s =

{u1s X

dec,1t AB X

dec,2t < X

maxt

min(u1s X

dec,1t , u

2s X

dec,2t

)ABDCFE?C

2s =

{u2s X

dec,2t AB X

dec,3t < X

maxt

min(u2s X

dec,2t , u

3s X

dec,3t

)ABDCFE?C

Na1s =

{uNa1s X

dec,Na1t AB X

dec,Nat < X

maxt

min(uNa1s X

dec,Na1t , u

Nas X

dec,Nat

)AB CE?C

Nas = min(uNas X

dec,Nat , u

Na+1s X

dec,Na+1t

)

Na+1s = min(uNa+1s X

dec,Na+1t , u

Na+2s X

dec,Na+2t

)

Ncc1s = min(uNcc1s X

dec,Ncc1t , u

Nccs X

dec,Ncct

)

Z\[]_^

,

`

weVW?VJylDX/|~A((~)eyVJ~b N O&

,21E1 ,

d

-Y / ,'! /\ ,V(/"Y D /) (DM w #$ /5,(/

~F\

Sdectl8FJe*ll|"|~(

! "#%$'&() +* +,-.-/(

]Fg a cedf_d] d_lk _

Na + 1 i Ncc ;

Xdec,it;

t=

1

e

[(X

dec,i1t Xdec,it

)ul,b is + i1s

] 1.16i

;

pdec,iX;

t=

1

e Xdec,it

(p

dec,i1X pdec,iX

) [ul,b X

dec,i1t +

i1s

] 1.16j

;

Sdec,it;

t=

1

eul,b

[S

dec,i1t Sdec,it

] 1.16k

;

pdec,iS;

t=

1

e Sdec,it

(p

dec,i1S pdec,iS

)ul,b S

dec,i1t

1.16l

9s,A>

is ==D46L

(ui+1s X

dec,i+1t , u

isX

dec,it

)Nccs = 0

kd decb_g

xrej =

{p

dec,1X X

dec,1t

pdec,1S S

dec,1t

MH,J5P@BL5P,/>9BM

1.16m

xrec =

{p

dec,NccX X

dec,Ncct

pdec,NccS S

dec,Ncct

MH,J5P@BL5P,>9BM

1.16n

~VyD|hy

-Y / ,'! /\ ,V(/"Y D /) (DM w #$ /5,(/

y|l|~(*|lD(lyK~

,

,23

x

t= f (1) (x)

|lW~|&Jy|KX(VJ1J~(

1.18a

x

t= f (2) (x)

~|~lX8|h/l

1.18b

|

x =[xba

T,xdec

T]T

lyJV?~`hJV|?|(

f (1)

f (2)(~``J

|FJK&XV

f (1) =[f

(1)ba

T,fTdec

]T&

f (2) =[f

(2)ba

T,fTdec

]T

\

! "#%$'&() +* +,-.-/(

|)A~"?|ll|

X8|~XDeyVJ~/`(VD

=Qrec +Qin (1 fns) + fnsQpurg

Qrec +Qpurg

,

FdYd

7

lYwleVl|

1.21a &D

1.21b K&yFXy|lY8|lyXlywy|(

?~(yJD(?lJJKWl|~X|l

4%$& w /X +* +,-.-/(

e"f i"mx vxo jiyrqn ngoqp)rqnit

=3|lFJ(llA(lYU| JA(|VN||yh~(Ul(|FJwYw8lyJ

|ylyhyll~lellJl~l"l3y!& "%!

" !# bHl()||l)BVl8|)|J

By|lVJ~

& $"! ! & /K~V~ %! "8K|lyl~FwUH

8&J y~|KlJyFlX|~(Jy:Uy!

141E3

V~hNh /l||(JyyJVl|

|FVFhl(JJ~(

i eylVJy|lNlV|l

ii eylVJy|?e|l|VJy|(lJyK~?~`hJV

5N`"Fl~ 8|ly(|l*~~(lll||(llVJy|6Fl

AlA~ |(l|:FJl)"|(K~Vyl"~ JJVyJFBy|lVJy|

3VyyJ~JJVyJFBbVcV

|:~e1J|)VlVJyK~(

4%$& w /X +* +,-.-/(

| FNGL |(FlJVl||J*l|AV~FB a?HlDl|F|lyJ~()J(Dl

! "#%$'&() +* +,-.-/(

)~l1|&J|FVJ1J~(hFF:)ll``hJlVJy|(}V~/(|(J?

120yh~J

8|hYlUJ|y|~(YFJl &e(F(BVKJVJy|y8|`AFJYh~FJyl(W|~ wll~& 8~(FUFJ~F ll/

! "#%$'&() +* +,-.-/(

\ yll |JlVJy|

JJK~8|~\yyl|(l|1J|

4%$& w /X +* +,-.-/(

(

3

%VJy|(JVFD( VJy|(~(|l(|l|?&

8(F~ llJ~(&|V(l |(J"el~(yJV

\UV~lUyJ-llK~Ww&lJl~|l(F/wH&J

NGL

DCO

DBO5&

MESV\H&J

NTK|F -|FJlFl-bV|:K~V |KlJ1

l|1yy

NGLK~bVy}FVF-| (WyJ l~(l~l|~(-e|(FlJVl|

NTK3*~(JD`ByK~?e:yFAVl||K~?/|/DlNl|yF

l8&J) |R~"AFJy|

2(~l~KW|FJlVJy|

1|FyFJl)~ l|u|(llVJy| |~e||FJlFl

yJFA\llly|?|FJJVFJ|F|XyD- !

3

^ !

3`

llly|X|KlJyFJXyFAyl

#$'

#B

?

:4A#- w'# qh

NGL = 10

1 FNGL (t)NGL 0 t [t0, tf ]

DCO = 125

1 FDCO (t)DCO 0 t [t0, tf ]

DBO5 = 25

1 FDBO5 (t)DBO5 0 t [t0, tf ]

MES = 35

1 FMES (t)MES 0 t [t0, tf ]

\X((lly|(XlNJX

NGL

DCO

DBO5&

MESl|F|(D

`

I|O EU G

Q

L

c

Q

GW

b

! "#%$'&() +* +,-.-/(

`

I|O EU G

Q

L

-ONKxGW

K 0X !=d

FNGL = SbaNO (t) + SbaNH (t) + SbaND (t)

1.35a

+fns

[iNXI X

baI (t) + iNBM

(XbaB,H (t) + X

baB,A (t)

)+ XbaND (t)

]FDCO = SbaI (t) + SbaS (t)

1.35b

+fns

[XbaI (t) + X

baS (t) + X

baB,H (t) + X

baB,A (t)

]FDBO5 = 0.25

{SbaS (t) + fns

[XbaS (t) + (1 frXI)

(XbaB,H (t) + X

baB,A (t)

)]} 1.35c

FMES = fns[0.75

(XbaI (t) + X

baS (t)

)+ 0.9

(XbaB,H (t) + X

baB,A (t)

)] 1.35d

{}|~

\)(/ /

e"f itw mg}woOni two

*|:~e1J|(/|W|(lJ1J|yK~DbW|KW(=?

1D 5N7:9V(ylFX/*(l|"~eyVJ~(ly

yKl"~ |h"u|~AY|()W~"(lly(Jy| Jy|l~

BFJVJy|VeyVJ~ |FJl`JV eAVy~ |hl~(yAVK`|`AFl

~FJ?Vl/A1

8 ~(J3?Ayy

! "!# $%#& ' ()

*,+.-/ 02135460879-:+=@?A?:0B-C4=@?AD6+E?ADF0HGJI946K2-:LE?,+91

M

=N-CO?P@QC+.;R+94FST-/U=@?:?C46V:+9VA354+.K8+E?

M

08+9161+E?,?:W@1X-

Y

08+91;6K24?Z0

M

;[W@VC-\=N1X-:+E?^] _

`XaRbcedgf,hji^kldBbhji

mZnpoFqRr9sjtsju9v5rwsxoFy{z[|~}oFy[lr9sjoFy[y[tyr.z[Nusjrwz[NE[wE[JqNwtvy[y6r9

zBv5y[uxuz[swyrwuz[oFtvsjy[Nuz[|Ny[sjz[uZwo>NNzRNuNmAnpoFqRrwsxt{sxuwv5r9sjoFy>|[vxsBxvz[tvE[

|[sNoy[uwsjur9!{vtxsjoFw|[y[JqN}owtvy[Nlq[wsjtJv|"t{oFyznp|[ylCl9eBqBv9vqRqoF\r

|[yr9v5rz[wl}Nwy[N5^uwoF|[unvlr9sjoFy~znp|[y"o|qRx|[usxN|RwuqBvwvtlr9NuJo|X6NxE!E

NX

rr9oFqr9sxt{sxuwv5r9sjoFy{q|RrqNuu9vsju\

ww|[wu|[soFy[usxurw"rwwoF|FNz[tvyRsxNqRx|[uTo|tosxy[uJNt{q[sxsx|[5|RytsxxjN|[t{o>z[

z["}oFy[rwsxoFyRy[Nt{Ny6rq[v|[y[uw|[NNuuwsjoFyznuwu9v5sxu|[s>sjNy[y[y6r~NoFt{q[jr9xvNoFyRyBvsxuu9vyRN

z[|'u>urwNt{

{rC>qznvqRq[wo>E[urJr9Nu}wN|[y6rTqoF|[Jvt{NxsjoFwx}oFyRr9sjoFy[y[ty6r!zRNu

q[oNz[uN^y[or9vt{tyr.Nyr99v5sjr9ty6rz[Nu@v5|

yRuwNoFyRz[vqRq[wo>E[q[j|[usxFo|[w|[uw5oFy[usxurwvz[oFqr9N{|[y["z[NtvE["znoFqr9sxt{s

uwv5r9sjoFyNoFyRNNqr9|[xx5C.unvsjr@zBvy[u@vuz[~z[lr9Ntsjy[NjNuTq[v9vt{rwwu>|RsvtxsjoFwyr

xv'qN}owtvy[N"z[|q[oNz[q[v|[yNvx|[uNjoFyz[u~wNxNuq[wNsjuwNup>X>l

rr9

Nv5r9FoFwsj.wq[wuwyrwjr9NuZ5vurwy[uwtT[jqNuznoq

rwsxt{sxu9vXr9sxoyqN|RNy6rlr9wz[sjurwsxy[F|RNNu

! !"$#%$&')(&*#+,-

oF|[nv5txsxo9v5rwsxoFy'z[Nuq}oFtvyRNz[Nuqlr9sr9Nu{ur9v5r9sjoFy[u{znpNq[|[wv5r9sjoFy 'oF|[Nuvlr9sjNuN

5nurNuwNoFy[zrC>qznpoFqRrwsxt{sxu9vXr9sxoy|[sNu\ry6sju9v

.0/21 3547698:;84=< >'? @BA4DC'EFHG I

mZnpoF>Nlr9s}z[ut{r9Roz[uznoFqr9sxt{sxuwv5r9sjoFyzR>yBv5tsj>|Rurz["zRr9wt{sxy[xq[wo5Bz["oFt

tvy[z[

u (t)lrKJ5o|jNuTq[v9vt{rwwuz[~NoFt{tvy[z[

p|[s.t{sxyRsxt{sxuwy6r~oF| tvXsjtsjuwNy6rE|[y

wsjrwN

Jz[oFy[y[5r9o|RrZNyNuqrEv5yrz[uZNoFy6rw9vsjyrwNuZuqNsj[NNu6mvNoFt{tvy[z[,oFqRr9sjtv5x,vsxy[us

z[lr9wt{sxy[}v5sjruw|Rsj>w!{nlrEv5r

x (t)z[|u>urwNt{|[yRJrw9ver9osxw

x? (t)|[sz[oFsjrv5q[qBv\r9NyRsx

npNyRuwNt[xz[urw9verwoFsxNuvz[t{sxuuwsxRxNu

L ;MNON2PMNRQTS9U;Q;P%ONVXWZY[SZY& U M]\^Y0_RQMNQXW

mZnvq[q[jsx@vXr9sxoyzRNut{rw[o>z[NuJznpoFqRr9sjtsju9v5rwsxoFygzy[vtsj|[yRNNuwusjr9z[zRsxuwqoFuNzRt{ozRNxu

tv5r9RNtv5r9sj>|RNuNz[Nurw|[z[sjNuNBtvsju

v|Ruwuwsznp|[y[Notq[jlsjrw!wvsxuoFy[yBv5[xJqBv9vq[qoF\rxvz[sb`|[jrwz[!vNuoFx|RrwsxoFy"tvXr9[tvX

rwsx|[lr.y|[t{Nsx|[z[|q[oF[xt5

vuuwsx|[ty6r@>xNoFt{qor9ty6rz[u.q[oNz[uNu\rurwNt{Nuz[sjNNy6r9sjNjuyBvt{sx|[uwuw|[t{

vsjy[uwsqBvv}oFtNy[9vjuw|[sv5yrw0c

minu(t),p

J = G (x (tf ) ,p, tf) + tf

t0

L (x (t) ,u (t) ,p, t) z t 2.3a uoF|[t{sxuBc

x = f (x (t) ,u (t) ,p, t)

2.3b

x (t0) = x0

2.3c

mu\u\r9t "f

{oFwNuwqoFy[z y[Nvy[t{oFsxyRu|Ryu>urwNt{guwoF|[uNoFy6r9wvsxy6rwNuz[sjNNy6r9sjNxjNu9

q[|Rsxuw|[n>|[v5r9sjoFyznlrEv5r

2.3bNu\rsxy[z[sjuwuosv[jz[|NsjrwNwznpoFqRrwsxt{sxuwv5r9sjoFy

) p" & -D#B

mNuJt{r9Roz[u!znoFqr9sxt{sxuwv5r9sjoFyzR>yBv5tsj>|RNuqwt{rrEvy6r!z[wNuoF|[z[{rC>qz[{q[oF[xtu

uJNqBv5r9sjuwuNy6ry"zRN|Nv5r9FoFsxNu c

jZwsxyRNsxqz[DhxxtvyhNjxtvy

jZwsxyRNsxqz[|vXsxt|[t oFy6r9\6vFsjy'lr!v rJjNutlr9[o>z[uv5wsvXr9sxoy[y[Njxut{sjr9

h\uoFyro[

ZwoqoFuNuTsxA'vq[x|Ruz[|Bv59vy6r9vy[uNNuTt{r9Roz[uToFy6rTlr9~v5q[q[xsj|[NuqoF|[oqRr9sjtsjuwN

j"}oFy[lr9sjoFy[y[tyrz[yRoFtT[N| q[wo>Nz[NuE[sxt{sx|[uNNxrwwo>E[sxt{sx|[ur[sxo>E[sjtsj>|RNuN

mZnpFox|RrwsxoFy"qwtvy[Ny6rwTz[Nut{oFy[uz[TNvx|[qwt{r@z[q[|[sxuxNuvy[y[Nu

1980^z[xNuvq

q[jsx|[~z[Nu~u\u\r9tu"z[goFt{q[xRsr9lrznpsxy6r9wrsjy[z[|[u\r9sxNu9vyRuNuuwNoFsxuu9vy6r9umNu

Nuw|RjrEvXr9uzRNuz[usjy[sjrwsvjNt{Ny6rTz[lFxoFq[qNuqoF|[{xNu{q[oF[xtuznoqRr9sjtsju9v5rwsxoFyu\rEv5rwsx|[NuZy

qBv5r9sjN|[jsxNRoyqN|rsjrwNc

jNuJtlr9[o>z[uznpoFqRrwsxt{sxu9vXr9sxoygur9o>EBvu\r9sj>|RNuNN26vjFoFwsr9[t{NuNy[lr9sx|[u~oFjz[NwR

F

N|[sjruwsxt|[x sx"!>q[v5r9sx#!rgv$

F

~r&%lBCwCw(',XBEXxw*).>X

+

w9E-,>

/.

,"h.vyR6vr

vu9vNu0

,usxt{q[xuznp|Rrwsxxsju9v5rwsxoFyrz[oFy6r~v'qoFqR|

xvwsr9y[JNuwuznv|[Ft{Ny6rwNN^[sjNy|[xvoFy6FwFy[NNunpoFqRrwsxtT|Rt FjoFBvuoFsjrN^v|

t{sx|Bvu\t{qRrwor9sj>|R

jNuZt{rw[ozRNuZz[lr9Ntsjy[sxu\r9uZz[Tz[

! !"$#%$&')(&*#+,-

Ny[sj

[sjtsj>|R~"hvrwoFygrv !^

lCunv5FsjrzRTu>urwNt{NuzR>yBvt{sx|[uqo|[xuw|[xu

nlFoFj|Rr9sjoFyoFy6r9sxy|[NurqoFyRr9|RNTqBv5z[uEBvy[Fty6r9uz[sjuwwrwuNmAnpsxyRz[|[urwwsjE[sjtsj>|Rw

FowFTzRu>urwNt{NuJz[NTrC>qN26q[wo>Nz[NuECE>z[tv5w9v5FNulrJvwr9uzRqoFt{qNuNz[sxu:

oFy6r9sxy|[sr9uqR>usxNoXCE[sjtsj>|RNuEBv5y[FNt{Ny6rwuzRq[[vuwz[np|[y{z[NuAoFtqoFuwvy6r9uAz[|{u>urwNt{

lCN2BnpNu\rN6vjNt{Ny6rxNvuqo|[xNuz[zR|u>urwNt{Ny'}oFy[rwsxoFyz[uTNoFyRz[sjrwsxoFy[urwNwt{sxy[vxu

x(k)(t(k)f )

z[|

ke`meto>z[9

v5y[uxvTq[x|RqBvrzRNu@vuNqy[zBvy6r@^jNuNoFt{tT|Rr9v5r9sjoFy[u.y6r9wjNuto>z[uzR}oy[rwsxoFy[yRNt{Ny6r

z[|gu\>ur9tuy[ToFy[Nwy[y6r>|RNN\rEvsjy[NuN|Bv5rwsxoFy[urJ5oF|5vwsxv[jNuN^lrv{}oFwtT|Rv5rwsxoFyz[|

u\u\r9tJNu\ry[y"z[oFtqr9vuuw2iJNoy[Nsjuw"h.v5r9oy;

F

fl

mNuz[sjuwNoyrwsxy|[sr9Nuz[|Ju>urwNt{z[swyrwsx6uwNt[xyr.lXsxy[oFtq[v5r9sj[xuv@FN,np|Rr9sjxsju9v5rwsxoFy

z[ut{rw[ozRNuv5wsvXr9sxoy[y[NjxuN@z[|ZwsxyRNsxqAz[|?veRsjtT|[t%oF|!z[|TZsxy[sxqzR hxxtvyNBvuwNu

u|[jZF9v5z[sxyrzRNu}oFy[rwsxoFyRuzR|!u\u\r9t,qBv9v5q[qorv|5vsvRxNuznlrEv5rrv|>JqBv9v5tlr9wu

z[!NoFt{tvy[z[^ynpNu\rr9oF|r9}osxuqBvuu\>ur9tvXr9sx|[ty6rxJ@v5uN|t{oFsxyRurwwoFsjuvuuwNuz[

q[oF[jNt{Nu[wsjz[Nuq|RFy6rrwwz[sjur9sjy[F|[Nuc

vy[uxmuwNoFyRzrC>q{zR{qRwoF[jNt{NoFwuwqoFy[z'v|@vuoedv~uN|[NyRNzRNuNy[tyrwuur

sjy6v5wsv5[x5>tvsjuoedxu5vwsxv[jNuznlrEv5rlrKJ5oF|~jNuurwNt{uwoFy6r

zRsxuwoFy6r9sjy>|Ruv|sxyRurEv5yrwuz[NoFt{tT|Rr9v5r9sjoFy:o|[uNr9vsxy[uoFy[z[sr9sxoy[uN^sxNu\rqoFuwusx[j

!"#%$&')(*+,$&,-

S (1).-+#//0+1,1,/ 32!4 52+6! 3+87

T(1)

0

(x(1), x(1), u(1), p, t

)= 0

f

) p" & -D#B

znlrEv[jsxAvJwF|[v5wsjrwsxuz[u,5vwsxv[jNuAz[oFt{tvyRz[

zR|"q[oNz[Jv y~r h.v5r9oyA

F

l

mvvuuw,vqRx|[uNoFt{q[xz[,q[woFRxNt{Nu6RwsxzRNuurNxv5r9sF.v5|T@vuoedTj,uN|[Ny

vF

zRNuto>z[u5vwsjTNyg}oFy[lr9sjoFygz[Nu5vsv[jNuznoqRr9sjtsju9v5rwsxoFy^mq[oF[jNt{TznpoFqRr9sjtsju9vX

rwsxoFyNu|[jr9vy6r"urNxvsxNt{Ny6r~y[oy NF|RxsxN,ruw|[xujNu~t{rw[ozRNuznpoFqRr9sjtsju9v5rwsxoFy

u\r9o>EBvu\r9sx|[u|RoFy[u|npsxurJN6v5xNt{Ny6rqoFuuwsxRxz[T}oFtT|[jNjNuq[oF[xtuznpoFqRr9sjtsju9v5rwsxoFy

6>[sxz[uz[TTrCqToFtt{Jz[Nuq[oF[jNt{NuzR|uwNoFy[zgrC>qysxy6r9ozR|[sxuwvy6rz[u5vX

svRxNu,znpoFqRr9sjtsju9v5rwsxoFyN9Ev5Byz[Nq[NuNy6r9jNu|C

F

.oF|y[NoFTvwuwoFj|Rr9sjoFyzRNu

q[oF[jNt{NuznoqRr9sjtsju9v5rwsxoFyzR>yBv5tsj>|R6>[wsjz[Nu,NoFt{t{t{Ny6r9sjoFy[y[q[NNz[Nt{t{Ny6r>xNuq[o5

[jNt{NuznpoFqRr9sjtsju9v5rwsxoFyoFy[uwsjz[NNu.z[vy[urr9lr9|[z[NoFt{qor9y6r6vxty6rz[u5vwsxv[jNuAz[

z[Nsjuwsxoyy6r9sxwu9

[vq[sjrww?e

mNuv5xFoFsjrw[tuAurEv5y[zBvz[u|RNNuRsxxuwNqoFuNy6rrwoF|[uz[NuJznvNwvX

rwsxoFy'r!znv5wwlrtvsxuju\u\r9tzRsjNwy6r9sx,qRwNuNy6r9z[NuTzRsxuwoFy6r9sjy>|Rsjr9uv5|'sxy[u\rEvy6r9u!z[

! !"$#%$&')(&*#+,-

oFtt|RrEv5rwsxoFygE

gf fTr$F f

l Aywq[wyBvy6rvTvuuwsj[@v5rwsxoFy~z[uqRwoF[jNt{Nu.znoFqr9sxt{s

uwv5r9sjoFy"zy[vtsj|[!6>[sxz[ur9v[jsxq[wNz[Nt{ty6r@xNuq[oF[xtuT F f

.rT5F

yBv5tsj>|R{FCl

np|[y[yBvt{sx|[ts8rwNuuwoFy6rZqBv5r9sjN|[jsxwl

t{

Documents

Méthodologie d’optimisation dynamique et de commande optimale des petites stations d’épuration à boues activées