Modul Bio SBP 2011 Ans

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY 2011

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BAHAGIAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH DAN

SEKOLAH KLUSTER

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY

2011 Teacher’s Module


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Paper 2 – Section A:

Structural Questions Marks Student notes

1. Diagram 1.1 shows a somatic cell of an insect undergoing meiosis.

Diagram 1.1

(a) Label Q, R and S in Diagram 1.1. [3 marks]

3m

(b) In the space below draw chromosome behaviour during metaphase I and metaphase II.

[2 marks]

2m

Metaphase I Metaphase II

Q: Chromosome/ chromatid

R: Centromere

S: Nuclear

membrane

Process X


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(c) Explain how the process X involves in producing variation in organisms. P1 - During prophase Meiosis 1, crossing over occurs between

homologous chromosomes P2 - resulting a new genetic combination. P3- It is also producing the exchange of genetic material between paternal chromosome and maternal chromosome // between homologous chromosomes.

[3 marks]

Any 3=3m

(d) Diagram 1.2 shows the formation of an ovum.

(i) What are process M and N?

M : Meiosis I

N : meiosis II

[2 marks]

2m

(ii) Describe the process that occurs if a sperm present at process N.

P1: meiosis II completed // ovum form

P2: (nucleus) ovum is fertilized by sperm nucleus

P3 : zygote is form

[2 marks]

2m

M

N

M

N

Primary oocyte (2n)

Oogonium (2n)

First polar body (n)

Secondary oocyte (n)

Second polar body (n)

Diagram 1.2


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2.

Diagram 2 shows the digested food is being carried from small intestine to the liver and body cell.

(a)(i) Name process X at the villus.

Absorption [1 mark]

1m

(ii) Explain ONE adaptation of the villus for the process in (a)(i).

F : Has thin wall//one cell thick wall

E : Diffusion of nutrient occurs rapidly //

F: Has network of blood capillary

E : transport nutrient to body tissue

1F=1m 1E=1m

Diagram 2


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F : has lacteal //

E : to absorb/ transport fatty acid/glycerol to body tissue

F : numerous

E : increase total surface area

[2 marks]

(b) Vessel P and Q transport digested food from the villi to the liver and body cells respectively. Name vessel P and vessel Q. P :Hepatic portal vein

Q: Lymphatic vessel [2 marks]

1m

1m

(c) Explain what happens to the excessive amino acids in the liver?

P1 : Excess amino acid is converted into urea

P2 : process is called deamination

[2 marks]

1m

1m

(d) Digested food are used by the body cells for growth, to form complex compounds or structural components. State how lipids, amino acid and glucose are used in the cell. Lipids:

L1: is used to build up plasma membrane/phospolipid

L2 : excess lipid is stored in adipose tissue

L3 : is used as energy reserve in the body

Amino acids:

A1: Amino acids are used in protein synthesis

A2 : to repair damage tissue

A3: used in synthesis of enzyme/hormones/antibody

Glucose:

G1 : is used in cellular respiration/ is oxidized to release energy

G2 : Glucose is stored as adipose tissue.

[3 marks]

L=1m

A=1m

G=1m


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(e) Explain what will happen to a person if his liver receives insufficient insulin from the pancreas. P1 : Blood sugar level increases// Diabetes mellitus

P2 : Excess glucose cannot be converted to glycogen

[2 marks]

1m

1m

3. Diagram 3 shows the structure of respiratory system in human.

Diagram 3

(a) Based on Diagram 3, explain one adaptation of alveolus for efficient gases exchange. F1 : one cell thick P1 : gas doesn’t have far to diffuse //diffuse easily F2 : supply with network of blood capillary. P2 : to increase the diffusion // transportation of respiratory gases to /from all the body cells. F3 : large surface area // numerous number of alveoli P3 : increase the diffusion of respiratory gases F4 : inner surface of alveoli are moist P4 : oxygen dissolve in the film of water

1F=1m 1P=1m

Bronchus P

Blood capillary

Cells

Alveolus


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Any F with correspond P

(b)(i) Name P Trachea

1m

(b)(ii) Explain the role of P to prevent dirt and bacteria from entering the alveolus. F1 : secrete sticky fluid/mucus P1 : traps dirt / bacteria that are breathed in. F2 : cells in P have cilia / tiny hair-like structures P2 : sweeping the mucus out towards the mouth.

Any F with correspond P

1F=1m 1P=1m

(c)(i)

On Diagram 3, draw labeled arrow ( ) to show the direction of

Blood flow (P1)

Oxygen diffusion (P2)

Carbon dioxide diffusion (P3) [3 marks]

Blood flow= arrow from blood capillary to other side of blood capillary Oxygen diffusion = arrow from alveolus to blood capillary // arrow from blood capillary to cells Carbon dioxide diffusion = arrow from blood capillary to alveolus // from cells to blood capillary

P1=1m

P2 =1m

P3 = 1m

(c)(ii) Explain why the diffusion of oxygen occur at the alveolus. F: the partial pressure of oxygen in the air of the alveoli is higher

compared to the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood capillary P: ( therefore,) oxygen diffuses across the surface of the alveolus to

the blood.

1m 1m

(d) A hard mass of food passing down the oesophagus might indirectly interrupt the air supply to lung by pressing on P. Explain how P overcome this problem. F : P/trachea is protected (against closure by a series of closely packed C-shaped) ring of cartilage P : cartilage keep the trachea open// prevent from collapse

1m 1m


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Structural Questions Marks Student notes

4. Diagram 4.1 shows a cross section of a leaf. .

Diagram 4.1

(a)(i) On Diagram 4.1 label the structures P and Q. P : Xylem

Q : Phloem

[2 marks]

1m

1m

(a)(ii) Explain the stage of cell organization of the leaf . F : Organ E: made up of ground tissue, epidermal tissue, mesophyll tissue and vascular tissue // consists of various types of tissues combined together to perform spesific functions.

[2 marks]

1m

1m

(b)(i) Q are important structure in plant transport system. Explain how structure Q in the leaf help in plant transportation. P1: Q / Phloem tissue composed of sieved tubes P2: with the end walls of each cell are perforated by pores to form sieves plates P3:which allow substances to pass from one cell to another.

[2 marks]

1m

1m

1m

(b)(ii) Name the process occurs in (b)(i). Translocation

[1 marks]

1m

P: ________________

Q: _______________

__________________

____


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Diagram 4.2 shows a longitudinal section of structure Q.

(b)(iii)

On Diagram 4.2 label the structures R and S.

[2 marks]

1m

1m

(c) R plays an important role in helping S in the plant transportation. Predict what happen to the plant if structure R is not presence ? P1: The plant will be dye P2: (without R / companion cell) no energy will be provided to the sieve tube P3:hence dissolve organic substances/sucrose/ cannot be transported (from leaves to the storage organ/other part of plant)

[2 marks]

Any 2 = 2m

Diagram 4.3 (a) and 4.3 (b) shows a student removed the ring bark from the branch of a woody plant.

S: Sieve tube cell

_____________

R: Companion

ccecell

____________

Diagram 4.2

Diagram 4.3(a) Diagram 4.3(b)


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(d)

Predict the effect of removing the ring bark from the branch. Explain your answer. P1: The branch will be die

P2: owing to a lack of organic substances in the parts below the

ring.

[2 marks]

1m

1m

5. Diagram 5 shows three types of neurones in the human body.

(a) Name neurone P and neurone Q. Neurone P : Afferent neurone / sensory neurone.

Neurone Q: Interneurone

[2 marks]

1m

1m

(b)(i) Name structure X. Synapse

[1 mark]

1m

(b)(ii) Explain how the transmission of nerve impulse across the X. P1 - When an impulses / electrical signals reaches in the axon

terminal P2 - Stimulates (synaptic) vesicles to move towards (and bind with the presynaptic membrane) P3 - The vesicles fuse / release the neurotransmitter/ acetylcoline /

example of neurotransmitter into the synapse / X. P4 - The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synapse / X P5 - This leads to the generation of new impulse/ electrical signals

in which travels along the Q / neurone [3 marks]

Any 3= 3m

Diagram 5

P Q

R

X


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(c) Describe the pathway in the reflex action involved the three neurons above. P1 - Receptor detect the stimulus and triggers the nerve impulses

P2 – (The nerve impulses) are transmitted along neurone P to

neurone Q (in the spinal cord) through/ via synapse.

P3 – (The nerve impulses) are then transmitted from neurone Q to

neurone R through synapse

[3 marks]

Any3 = 3m

(d)

Based on the above statement describe how endocrine system is involved in the ‘fight and flight’ situation.

P0 – adrenaline is secreted by adrenal gland

P1 – (adrenaline) cause the heartbeat / breathing rate increase

P2 – more oxygen and glucose are sent/ transported to the tissues

P3 – metabolic rate / cellular respiration increases

P4 - more energy is produced to contraction and relaxation of muscle (to run away)

[3 marks]

Any 3= 3m

A dog suddenly barks and chases you. Your heartbeat increases and your palms become sweaty. You feel so scared and run away.


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6. Diagram 6 .1 shows a part of human brain, kidney and a nephron which involve in the process of osmoregulation.

(a) What is the function of kidney in osmoregulation ?

P1: Kidney regulates salts/solutes and water levels in the blood

P2: to maintain a constant water potential in the body / regulates the osmotic pressure of the blood

[1 mark]

1m

(b)(i) Individual Y drinks excessive water. What happen to the blood osmotic pressure in his body? Osmotic pressure in plasma decreases // water potential increases

[ 1 mark ]

1m

(b)(ii) Explain how hypothalamus and gland M response to the condition in (b)(i) ? Hypothalamus: P1: Osmoreceptor (in hypothalamus) detect the changes / less stimulated. Gland M : P2:Pituitary gland / gland M is less/ not stimulated/trigger

P3:Hence less hormone P / ADH secreted

P4:Less water reabsorbed

[ 2 marks]

P1 =1m Any P2-P4 = 2m

Diagram 6.1


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(c) If individual Y eating a very salty food, the adrenal gland will release less hormone Q . What is hormone Q and explain how hormone Q involved in the mechanism to restore the osmotic pressure of the blood back to normal levels. P1: Hormon Q is aldosterone hormone

E1:(Adrenal gland less stimulated) ,

E2; less aldosterone produced,

E3: less salt is reabsorbed

E4:most of it will be secreted through urine

[ 3 marks ]

3 any = 3m

(d) Explain what happen to the filtrate that flows from glomerulus to collecting duct? P 1 : Water /glucose/amino acid is reabsorbed into blood capillary

P2 : urea is secreted into distal convoluted tubule

P3 : salt is reabsorb/ secreted depends on osmotic pressure

[ 2 marks ]

2 m

(e) Kidney function may be impaired by excessive blood loss, certain poisons or infectious diseases which can lead to kidney failure. Diagram 6.2 shows a haemodialysis machine which can save a kidney patient’s life.

(e) Explain how the machine operates.

P1: blood is pump into semi permeable membrane in the dialysis

machine

P2: contains (dialysate) solution

P3: waste substances /urea diffuse out (from the blood)

P4: useful substances are not.

P5: cleaned blood returns to the patient

[ 3 marks ]

Any 3 =3 m

Diagram 6.2


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7. Diagram 7 shows the changes of four type of hormone which control the menstrual cycle and follicle development in the ovaries

(a) Based on Diagram 7, name the hormone labelled P and R. P : Luteinising hormone

R : Oestrogen hormone [2 marks]

2m

(b) Complete the follicle development in boxes L and N in Diagram 7. L : ovum release from graafian follicle/ovulation (diagram) N : size of corpus luteum is smaller than M.(diagram)

[2 mark]

2m

(c) Based on Diagram 7, explain the relationship between structure M and the level of hormone S. P1 : Structure M /corpus luteum develop after ovulation

P2 : Structure M secretes Hormone S /progesterone

P3 : concentration/level of hormone S increase

P4: when the structure M degenerate, level of hormone S decrease

[3 marks]

Any 3=3m

Diagram 7

L M

N


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3(d) If fertilisation occurred, the level of hormones S is maintained and the pregnancy is proceed. Explain the importance of hormone S. P1 : to thicken the endometrium wall

P2 : with epithelium tissue/ network of blood capillary//highly

vascular

P3 : prepare for implantation of foetus

[3 marks]

3m

(e) If the sperm counts of a husband is too low, artificial insemination can be carried out to overcome this in fertility problem. Discuss the appropriate technique should be used. P1 : sperm are collected

P2 : (over a period of time) until the count of sperm will be high

enough

P3 : the sperm are injected directly into Fallopian tube

[2 marks]

2m

8. Diagram 8 shows a longitudinal section of the reproductive parts of a flower during fertilization.

(a). On Diagram 8, name the structure P, Q, R and S. [4 marks]

4m

Diagram 8


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(b)(i) In the space below, draw a section through the ovule, showing all the cells in R. Label the cell involved in the fertilization.

D= 1m L= 2m

(b)(ii) What is the significance of having two Q structure in the fertilization. P1: one cell Q/ male gamete fertilizes an egg cell to form the diploid

zygotes P2: one cell Q/ male gamete fertilizes 2 polar nuclei to form the

triploid zygote to form endosperm [2 marks]

2m

(c)(i) A farmer spraying hormone X on the tomato’s flower to produce mature tomato. What is hormone X? Auxin.

[1 mark]

1m

(c)(ii) Explain the role of hormone X in the production of mature tomato fruits. P1: Auxin stimulates the ovaries of the tomato flowers to develop

into fleshy fruits P2: without pollination and fertilization P3: the process is called partenocarpy P4: where the tomato fruits are seedless

Any 2= 2 m


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9. Diagram 9.1 shows the relationship between a cell, chromosome, DNA, genes and bases.

(a) On Diagram 9.1 , mark and label of the following terms : i) DNA ii) Bases iii) Chromosomes

[3 marks]

3m

(b) State the chromosome number of the cell shown in Diagram 9.1. Answer : 12

[1 mark]

1m

(c)

What can you deduce about genes based on Diagram 9.1?

gene consists of a (short) segment of DNA molecule //

genes carried genetic information in form of sequence of

nitrogenous base / A, G, T.

[1 mark]

1m

genes

Diagram 9.1

Chromosome

DNA

Base


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Diagram 9.2 shows parts of a molecule of DNA.

(d)(i)

Name the basic unit of DNA. Answer: Nucleotide

[ 1 mark ]

1m

(d)(ii) What is K ? answer: (Pentose) sugar // Deoxyribose

[ 1 mark ]

1m

(d)(iii)

Complete the Diagram 9.2, to show that DNA molecule consist of two strands that joined together by hydrogen bond. Criteria Correctly

C1. paired base

C2. position of polynucleotide ( opposite direction )

C3. Connection between molecules in polynucleotide

[ 3 marks]

C1=1m

C2=1m

C3=1m

Diagram 9.2

A

T

G

Unit of

DNA

K


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Diagram 9.3 shows chromosomes with the alleles for crosses between two varieties of pea plants: yellow and smooth seed variety, with a green and wrinkled seed variety. Yellow seed (Y) is dominant over green seed (y) while smooth seed (S) is dominant over wrinkled seed (s).

(e)(i) Based on Diagram 9.3, indicate the pair of alleles found in the F1

generation.

[1 mark]

1m

(e)(ii) Determine the phenotype of the offspring in the F1 generation.

Answer: Yellow and smooth seed.

[1 mark]

1m

Diagram 9.3


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10. Diagram 10 show the pedigree inheritance of the characteristics,

haemophilia in a family. The characteristics, haemophilia is controlled by

a pair of alleles hh that are linked to the sex chromosomes. H is dominant

to h.

Key : Normal male Haemophiliac male Normal female Haemophiliac female

(a) Explain briefly the characteristics haemophilia.

(A phenomenon which is) blood fail to clot due to lack of blood clotting factor.

[1 marks]

1m

(b)(i) What is the genotype of K?

Answer: XHXh

[1 mark]

1m

(b)(ii) Explain how to determine the genotype in (b)(i)?

P1 :K has a male haemophiliac offspring, XhY. P2 :K is a normal female, hence she has a pair of heterozygous alleles XHXh

(to produce a male haemophiliac offspring with genotype XhY)

[2 marks]

2m

L K

Q S R

Diagram 10


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(c)(i) State the genotypes and gametes for the parent in the third generation.

Female x Male Phenotype : Normal Normal

Genotype : XHXh XHY

Gamete : XH Xh XH Y

[2 marks]

2m

(c)(ii) Q and R are sisters and are normal. They are found to have different genotypes. Explain why? P1 :One of them inherits XH from her father and XH from her mother

P2:The other one inherits XH from her father and Xh from her

P3 :mother. Both are normal but genotypically, one of them is a

carrier

[2marks]

2m

(c)(iii) If a haemophilic female marries the child S in the third generation, what is the probability of obtaining children that are haemophiliac?. Explain your answer by constructing a genetic diagram for this inheritance. Parental generation :

Phenotype Haemophiliac female x normal male

Genotype XhXh XHY meiosis

Gametes Xh XH Y Fertilisation

Offspring : Genotype XHXh XhY

Phenotype: Normal (female) Haemophiliac (male) Probability : 50% normal and 50% haemophiliac // Phenotypic ratio : 1 normal female : 1 haemohilia male [4 marks]

1m

1m

1m

1m

1m

Max 4m


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(d) Sex-linked trait such as haemophilia and colour-blindness are usually

associated with males. Explain why?

P1 :Males are determined by the presence of the X and Y chromosomes // male only has one X chromosome

P2: Sex-linked genes are absent in the Y chromosomes//only

presence in X chromosome. P3 : Therefore, the presence of one sex-linked gene in the X

chromosome will affect the male as compared to the female who needs recessive genes to be present in both X chromosomes for her to be affected.

[2 marks]

Any2 =

2m


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Modul Bio SBP 2011 Ans