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Newcastle DiseaseNewcastle Disease(ND)(ND)

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DEFINITION OF DISEASEDEFINITION OF DISEASE

IT IS AVIRAL DISEASE CAUSED BY IT IS AVIRAL DISEASE CAUSED BY PARAMYXO VIRUS AND IT PRODUSEPARAMYXO VIRUS AND IT PRODUSE

MEAM AGGLUTINATIONMEAM AGGLUTINATIONSO IT CAUSE NERVOUS AND HEAMORAGICSO IT CAUSE NERVOUS AND HEAMORAGIC

SIGNS in birds specially (chickenSIGNS in birds specially (chicken - - pegionpegion--turkey )turkey )

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NDND

Newcastle Disease Newcastle disease causes a range of problems from mild airsacculitis toneurotropic and visertropic lesions.

Picture 1 shows a breeder withtorticollis due to central nervous system

damage. Picture 2 shows hemorrhages in theproventriculus glands.

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NDND

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ND(proventriculusND(proventriculus

))

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Newcastle Disease (NCD)

Velogenic Viscerotropic Newcastle disease(VVND) or

Asiatic Newcastle disease (AND)NCD is in its chronic form an infection of domesticfowl with symptoms such as rejection of food,listlessness, abnormal breathing, discharge from eyesand greenish diarrhea.

Mortality in chicken is 50 80 %, but in adults muchlower due to available vaccination.

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VVND is an acute, fatal infection of birds of allages with predominant hemorrhagic lesions of thegastrointestinal tract, severe depression, anddeath prior to clinical manifestations.

This disease is caused by the most virulent strain of the Newcastle disease virus .

The virus of VVND is very resistant andremains viable at extreme pH and temperatureranges, and may remain viable in the bonemarrow of poultry carcasses for weeks.

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Transmission :

By direct contact, fomites, and by aerosols through

coughing, gasping and respiratory fluids.The virus has a wind borne potential for spread creating

quite a challenge for control and prevention.

Faeces and insect and rodent vectors are also involved inthe transmission.

Antemortem findings :

1. The incubation period varies from 2 15 days.

2. Depression and loss of appetite

3. Sudden death

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4 . Dark ring around the eye (black eye)

5. Edema of the head. Swelling of the lower eyelid, often

accompanied by conjunctivitis (Fig. 190).6. Excessive fluids from the respiratory tract

7. Paralyzed wings and twisting of the head and neck

(torticollis)

Postmortem findings : AcuteAcute formform

1. Peracute deaths will often show no discernible lesionsin some of the first birds dying in an outbreak.

2. The oesophagus shows haemorrhage and erosions.

3. Edema of the head and neck

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NCD. Swelling of the lower eyelid and conjunctivitis.

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4 . The mucosa of the trachea is frequently hemorrhagic(upper).

5. Hemorrhages are throughout the gastrointestinal tractwith a tendency to ulcerate and become necrotic as thedisease progresses.

6. In the intestine there is generally an inflammatoryresponse and marked involvement of the cecal tonsilsand Peyer's patches (middle)

7. The mucosal lining of the proventriculus is a frequentsite of hemorrhage, especially at the junction betweenthe esophagus and proventriculus (bottom).

8. Edematous or hemorrhagic ovaries

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NCD. Acute form: Hemorrhage in the mucosa of the tracheaNDND

large intestine,particularly cecal tonsils

proventriculus and gizzard.

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ProventriculusProventriculus

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9. In hens that have survived the disease, there is atendency to lay misshapen eggs or develop egg yolk

peritonitis.

Chronic form

1. Catarrhal inflammation of the respiratory system

2. Edema in surrounding connective tissue

Judgment :

Birds with VVND or NCD should not be admitted to theabattoir.

If disease is suspected laboratory confirmation should beobtained.

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~ If confirmed, carcass is condemned and premises withequipment should be disinfected.

~ In case that laboratory confirmation is not possible,suspected carcasses should be also condemned .

~ Differential diagnosis :

~ VVND and NCD must be differentiated from thefollowing diseases:

~ Infectious bronchitis, laryngotracheitis, fowl cholera,

highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), fowl pox(diphtheritic form), psittacosis, acute Mycoplasmagallisepticum infection, avian encephalomyelitis, vitaminE deficiency, Marek's disease and Pacheco's disease in

parrots

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Nervoussymptoms in 5weeks old

broiler(torticollis).

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Diphtheroid inflammation (left) of the Peyer's patches (intestinallymphoid tissue) that later turns to necrotic-ulcerative lesion (right).These lesions are almost pathognomonic for velogenic viscerotropic

Newcastle disease.

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Embryos showing diffuse hemorrhages after

inoculation of NDV into the allantoic cavity.

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Nervous symptoms in 8 weeks old turkey (torticollis).Waving movements of the head and neck.

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Nervous symptoms in 8 weeks old turkey (torticollis).Waving movements of the head and neck.

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Nervous symptoms in 4 weeks old turkey (torticollis).

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Nervous symptoms in 4 weeks old turkey (torticollis).

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Nervous symptoms in4

weeks old turkey (torticollis).

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Vac Vaccinacinationtion

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Vaccines Vaccines

Combination Freeze-dried Live Vaccine againstNewcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis

O cular (Eye Drop) or Nasal (Nose Drop) Vaccination:After reconstitution, dilute 1000 doses to 4 0 ml in steriledistilled water.

Administer one drop into the eye or nose of each birdusing a standard vaccine dropper.

Coarse spray can replace ocular administration.

O ral (Drinking Water) Vaccination:

After reconstitution, dilute 1000 doses in 10 liters of drinking water for birds till 2 weeks of age, in 20 liters

till 8 weeks, and in4

0 liters for older birds.

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Vaccines Vaccines

Use a sprayer approved by your veterinaryconsultant.

This method of vaccination should be used only in

flocks that are Mycoplasma free.Initial spray vaccination should be performed with asprayer, which delivers droplets of more than 100microns in size (coarse spray).

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Vaccines Vaccines

R ecommended vaccination programsFor broilers, breeders or layers

Age of vaccination Methods of administration

1 day drinking water, eye/nose drop, coarse spray

14 -21 days drinking water, eye/nose drop, spray

7-9 weeks drinking water, eye/nose drop, spray

before point of lay inactivated vaccine recommended

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Vaccines Vaccines

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ECONOMIC IMPORTANTECONOMIC IMPORTANT

IT PRODUSE A LARG LOSEIT PRODUSE A LARG LOSEIN ANY FARM IF IT OCCURTHEREIN ANY FARM IF IT OCCURTHEREBECAUSE IT PRODUSE HIGH PERCENTBECAUSE IT PRODUSE HIGH PERCENT

MORTALTY SPECIALLY IN SMALLMORTALTY SPECIALLY IN SMALL

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AI AI

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THE CONTROL OF NEWCASTELTHE CONTROL OF NEWCASTEL

11--USING AGOOD VACCINATION SYSTEMUSING AGOOD VACCINATION SYSTEM

22--USING GENETIC TEQUNICSUSING GENETIC TEQUNICSPRODUSE MORE RESISTANT BREEDPRODUSE MORE RESISTANT BREED

33--FARM MOST HASE AGOOD COSTRUCTIONFARM MOST HASE AGOOD COSTRUCTION AND HEALTH SYSTEMS AND HEALTH SYSTEMS

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THE ENDTHE END

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