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1 DYSLEXIE: L DYSLEXIE: L HYPOTHESE HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE PHONOLOGIQUE Liliane Sprenger-Charolles LEAPLE CNRS-Université R.Descartes DEA NEUROPSYCHOLOGIE LYON-TOULOUSE-PARIS 2003

New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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Page 1: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

1

DYSLEXIE: LDYSLEXIE: L’’HYPOTHESEHYPOTHESEPHONOLOGIQUEPHONOLOGIQUE

Liliane Sprenger-Charolles

LEAPLE CNRS-Université R.Descartes

DEA NEUROPSYCHOLOGIELYON-TOULOUSE-PARIS 2003

Page 2: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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PLANPLANPourquoi privilégier l’explication

phonologique?A. Les explications alternativesB. Données supportant l’hyp phonologique

1. Eléments provenant du lecteur expert2. Données sur l’acquisition normale3. Données sur la dyslexie

31. Déficit des procédures de lecture32. Déficits associés

a. Analyse phonémiqueb. Mémoire à court terme phonologiquec. Dénominationd. Perception de la parole

C. Une explication plausible

Page 3: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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A. EXPLICATIONSA. EXPLICATIONSALTERNATIVESALTERNATIVES

EDéficit dans la résolution temporelledu système auditif, affectant laperception des sons brefs et destransitions temporelles rapides: Tallal,1980; Tallal, Miller & Fitch, 1993; Tallal, Miller, Bedi, Byma,Wang, Nagarajan, Schreiner, Jenkins & Merzenich, 1996.

EMAIS résultats contradictoires: Mody,Studdert-Kennedy & Brady, 1997; Serniclaes, Sprenger-Charolles, Carré & Demonet, 2001; Marshall, Snowling &Bailey, 2001; Rosen & Manganari, 2001; Ramus, Rosen,Dakin, Day, Castellote, White, Frith, soumis …

Page 4: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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EDysfonctionnement des voiesmagnocellulaires du système visuel,permettant le traitement des bassesfréquences spatiales (contours des mots),ce système aussi impliqué dans la gestiondes mouvements oculaires

EMAIS La proportion des dyslexiquesprésentant des troubles visuels de ce typeest faible (de 0 à 25%): Witton, Talcott, Hansen,Richardson, Griffiths, Rees, Stein & Green, 1998; Victor, Conte,Burton & Nass, 1993; Ramus, Rosen, Dakin, Day, Castellote, White,Frith, soumis …

Page 5: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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EProblèmes moteurs attribués à unedéficience du cervelet qui pourraitexpliquer aussi les troubles desautomatismes, le cervelet étantsupposé être à la base desautomatismes.

EMAIS très grande variabilité dans laproportion des troubles moteurs (de 0à 80% selon les études): Kronbichler, Hutzler& Wimmer, 2002; van Daal & van der Leij, 1999; Ramus,Pidgeon, Frith, in press

Page 6: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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EThéorie intégrative, reliant les hypothèsesauditives et visuelles, postule qu’uneanomalie neurologique unique affectant lesvoies magnocellulaires, quelle que soit lamodalité sensorielle, serait à l’origine destroubles visuels (BFS) et auditifs (HFT) desdyslexiques, que ces derniers soient ou nonspécifiques au langage (Stein, 2001; Stein & Walsh (1997)

Eet, de manière secondaire, des déficits desautomatismes, via les liens entre le systèmemagnocellulaire et le cervelet.

ELes ingrédiants de cette théorie intégrativene sont pas très robustes (cf. ci dessus)

Page 7: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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B. DONNB. DONNÉÉES SUPPORTANTES SUPPORTANTLL’’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUEHYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE

1. LECTEUR ADULTE1.Les mécanismes spécifiques à la lecture se

situent au niveau du mot

EChez les lecteur expert, Identification desmots:

¸Très rapide

¸Automatique

Page 8: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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Effet STROOPEffet STROOP

ROUGE

Réponse plus lente quand nom de la couleur necorrespond pas à couleur de l’encre:

les mots écrits seraient automatiquement identifiés parle lecteur adulte

Quelle est la couleur de l’encre? Attention, ne pas lire

VERT

Page 9: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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Effet STROOP en ChinoisEffet STROOP en Chinois

l_ (vert) l_ (loi)

relevé avec des homophones qui n’ontni la même forme visuelleni le même sens que le nom de la couleur Spinks,

J. A., Y. Liu, et al. (2000).

Page 10: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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Traitement des Informations Traitement des Informations visuovisuo--orthographique, phonologique et sorthographique, phonologique et séémantique:mantique:

exemple du Chinoisexemple du Chinois (Tan et al., 1996)(Tan et al., 1996)

Parler: jiang

Sapin

Forêt

Trou avec eau: wângRécompenser: jiang

Faire attention: zhù

Phonologique SémantiqueVisuellePROXIMITÉ

Page 11: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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DDéécours temporel des Informations cours temporel des Informations visuovisuo-orthographique,-orthographique,phonologique et sphonologique et séémantique en Chinois mantique en Chinois (Tan et al., 1996)(Tan et al., 1996)

% Réponse correctes en fonction du lien entre items

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

seuil +14ms

Visuel

Phonologique

Sémantique

Contrôle

Page 12: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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RESUME LECTEUR ADULTERESUME LECTEUR ADULTE

Identification des mots écrits:

Activation très rapide (au-dessous de 100ms)

Edes représentations

ÿOrthographiquesET

ÿPhonologiques

EAvant les informations sémantiques

EPrincipe Universel

ÿy compris écritures non alphabétiques

Page 13: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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2. ACQUISITION2. ACQUISITION2.1 2.1 Incidence de la transparence des CGPIncidence de la transparence des CGP

0

20

40

60

80% RC

Mots Pseudomots

Enfants Anglais et Français de fin CP(Bruck et al., 1997)

AnglaisFrançais

Page 14: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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2.2 D2.2 Dééveloppement Procveloppement Procéédures Lecture-dures Lecture-EcritEcrit

Dif. au profit

+Mots Frq vs –Frq

Absence dedifférence

Fréquencetable vs sable

Dif. au profit

Mots sur PMs

Absence dedifférence

Lexicalitésamedi vs simade

AbsencePrésenceErreurs deRégularisation

Absence dedifférence

Dif. au profit

Mots Reg sur IRGRegularitéMIR (sept) vs MR (porte)

VISUO-ORTHOPHONOLOGIQUEProcédure

Page 15: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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Pas possible quand peu de RCTemps de latence

Temps de réponse

Pas possible quand trop de RCNature des erreurs

Effet plafond très rapideRéponse Correctes

PBS pour une étude longitudinale:Indicateurs

IndicateursIndicateurs

Page 16: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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LHV: RC-TL LHV: RC-TL ((SpreSprengernger,, Siegel & B Siegel & Bonnetonnet, 1998, 1998 JECP JECP;; Sprenger Sprenger,,Siegel,Siegel, B Bééchennecchennec & & Serniclaes Serniclaes, , to to appearappear, JECP, JECP))

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

G1-M G1-E G2 G3 G4

Ac

cu

rac

y (

me

an

%)

Regular WordsIrregular Words

Pseudowords

PR: Long lasting regularity effect: IWs always less accurately read thanRWs (G1-M**, G1-E**, G2**, G3**, G4**) and than PWs (G1-M**, G1-E**, G2**, G3**), except in the last test session.Significant lexicality effect: from the end of G1 when RWs were compared to PWs

TL: Taken into account when more than 50% of the responses were correct (end G2)

-End G2: Early superiority of RWs more rapidly read than both IW* and PW*: IW and PW being processed at the same speed-End G3 and G4: no regularity effect for the words; lexicality effect: PW processed less rapidly than both RW and and IW (G3, G4)

500

1000

1500

G2 G3 G4

Tim

e L

ate

ncie

s (

ms)

Page 17: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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EvaluationEvaluation Lecture Silencieuse Lecture Silencieuse ((SprengerSprenger--CharollesCharolles, Siegel &, Siegel & B Bééchennecchennec, 1998, 1998, SSSR, SSSR;; Sprenger Sprenger--CharollesCharolles,,

Siegel,Siegel, B Bééchennecchennec & & Serniclaes Serniclaes, , toto appear appear, JECP, JECP))

Intrus

Correctementrejetés

Incorrectementacceptés

Phono: trin

Décision sémantique

Incorrectementacceptés

Correctementrejetés

Visuel: troin

VISUO-ORTHOPHONOLOGIQUEProcédure

Suivi de choix orthographique: train-troin-train

Page 18: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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RRéésultsultatatss ((SprengerSprenger--CharollesCharolles, Siegel &, Siegel & B Bééchennecchennec, 1998, 1998, SSSR, SSSR;;SprengerSprenger--CharollesCharolles, Siegel,, Siegel, B Bééchennecchennec & & Serniclaes Serniclaes, , to to appearappear, JECP, JECP

Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy from the end of G2, suggesting that thechildren were familiar with the spelling of the words from which the foils were derived

Semantic categorization; Very low level of accuracy, even at the end of G2PH foils were less often correctly rejected than VIS foils, Except in the first test session

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

G1-M G1-E G2 G3 G4

Phonological foilsVisual foilsOrthographic choice task

Page 19: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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2.3 RESUME2.3 RESUME

EProcédure phonologique

ÿse met en place en premier

ÿcontribue à la construction dulexique orthographique

(Share, 1995, 1999; Sprenger-Charolles et al., 1998a-b et in press)

ERetard de l’écriture sur la lecture

EIncidence de la régularité des CGP

Page 20: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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3. DYSLEXIE3. DYSLEXIE31. PROCÉDURES DE LECTURE

DYSLEXIE ACQUISE

EDyslexie phonologique Beauvois & Derouesné, 1979

ÿdéficit sélectif de la route phonologique*ÿroute orthographique préservée*

EDyslexie de surface Coltheart et al., 1983

ÿdéficit sélectif de la route orthographique*ÿroute phonologique préservée*

*Evaluation Route phonologique: PM*Evaluation Route orthographique: mots irrég frq

Page 21: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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MaisMais

ECes profils dissociés sont issus

ß d’examens de cas typiques dedissociation

ß consécutifs à une lésion cérébrale

ß chez des adultes qui ont su lire

ß Résultats critiqués (Harm et Seidenberg, 2001)

Page 22: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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DYSLEXIE DDYSLEXIE DÉÉVELOPPEMENTALEVELOPPEMENTALE

EPas due à une lésion cérébrale acquise

EConcerne des sujets qui apprennent àlire

EPertinence du modèle de l’adulte ?

Esurtout si la voie phonologique delecture-écriture joue un rôle moteurdans l’apprentissage (Ehri, 1998; Perfetti, 1992; Share,1995 et 1999; Sprenger et al., 1998a-b et to appear)

Page 23: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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Pourtant quelques cas dissociPourtant quelques cas dissociééssont ont ééttéé report reportééss

EDyslexie phonologique: Temple & Marshall, 1983; Campbell &Butterworth, 1985; Snowling, Stackhouse & Rack, 1986; Funnel & Davison, 1989;Snowling & Hulme, 1989…

EDyslexie de surface: Hanley, Hastie & Kay, 1992; Castles &Coltheart, 1996; Valdois, 1996…

EMAIS ce type d’analyse, ne prenant encompte qu’un seul cas, ne permet pas deconnaître:ß le % des différents profilsß le % des sujets présentant un double déficit

EUtiliser la méthode des cas pour l’étude degroupes: analyse de cas multiples

Page 24: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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Cas multiples: Méthode classique (Contrôle âge chronologique)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Dyslexiques

Phonologiques

Dyslexiques de

Surface

Double Deficit Sans déficit

1ET moyenne des Normolecteurs de même âge

Castles &Coltheart (1993) A

Manis et al. (1996) A

Stanovich et al.(1998) A

Genard et al.(1998) A

Sprenger-Charolleset al. (2000) A

Sprenger-Charolleset al. (2000) T

DéficitPM

DéficitMot IR

DéficitPM+MIR

Page 25: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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Cas multiples: Méthode desrégressions (mêmes enfants)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

%

Pho-DYS Surf-DYS Double Deficit No deficit

Mean % of Dyslexic Subtypes (Regression Method)

Castles & Coltheart, 1993(Accuracy)

Manis et al, 1996(Accuracy)

Stanovich et al., 1997(Accuracy)

Genard et al., 1998(Accuracy)

Sprenger et al., 2000(Processing Time)

Page 26: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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Cas multiples: Méthode desrégressions (Contrôle âge lexique)

38%8%25%24%38%Phono-DYS

Sprengeret al.,2000

Genardet al.,1998

Stanovichet al.,

1997

Maniset al.,

1996

CastleColtheart1993

5%0%1,5%2%5%Surface

DYS

Page 27: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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Variabilité en fonction des mesures

P-Ds > S-DsP-Ds = S-DsP-Ds > S-DsMots IRGPseudoMots

P-Ds > S-DsRC EcritureP-Ds = S-DsRC LectureP-Ds < S-DsTL LectureP-Dys vs S-Dys

P-Ds et S-D

< CMA

P-Ds et S-Ds

< CMA

TL Lecture

RC Lecture

RC Ecriture

P-Dys et S-Dys vs

Contrôle Même Age

P-Ds = CNL

S-Ds = CNL

P-Ds = CNL

S-Ds = CNL

P-Ds = CNL

S-Ds = CNL

P-Ds = CNL

S-Ds < CNL

RC Ecriture

P-Ds = CNL

S-Ds < CNL

RC Lecture

P-Ds < CNL

S-Ds = CNL

TL LectureP-Dys et S-Dys vs

Contrôle MêmeNiveau Lecture

Page 28: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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MIR 73%-1170ms

PM 83%-1279ms

MIR 94%-771ms

PM 90%-1031ms

MIR 78%-951ms

PM 80%-1577ms

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

50 60 70 80 90 100

% Moyen de Réponses Correctes

Tem

ps

de

late

nce

des

Rép

on

ses

Co

rrec

tes

(en

ms)

PM 72%-1203ms

MIR 76%-1068ms

S-DYS

Ph-DYS

NL-AL

NL-AC

Page 29: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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Variations en fonction de la langueVariations en fonction de la languePaulesuPaulesu et al., 2001 et al., 2001

LECTURE DE MOTS ET DE PEUDOMOTS: Adultes dyslexiques et sujets contrôle

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

WORDS PW

TPS

(ms)

DYS English

DYS French

DYS Italian

CONTROLEnglish

CONTROLFrench

CONTROLItalian

Page 30: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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DonnDonnéées de es de neuroneuro-imagerie-imagerie

Controls Dyslexics

Controls - Dyslexics

Page 31: New DYSLEXIE: L’HYPOTHESE PHONOLOGIQUE · 2012. 6. 28. · Sprenger-Charolles, Siegel, Béchennec & Serniclaes, to appear, JECP Orthographic choice: Very high level of accuracy

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RESUMEEVariabilité des sous-types en fonctionEDes méthodes: méthode classique vs régressionEDes mesures:ÿPrécision ou tempsÿPour la précision: lecture ou écriture

EDe la langue:ÿ Enfants: moins de DYS-PHO en français qu’en anglais tout au

moins si on ne tient compte que de la précisionÿ Adultes: gravité du déficit des dyslexiques plus marqué quand

CGP moins transparentes

EAu-delà de cette variabilité:ESurtout double déficit (cf. méthode classique)EMAIS Procédure phonologique la plus sévèrement atteinte:

cf. déficit comparativement à des enfants plus jeunesqu’eux mais de même niveau de lecture

EBase neurale commune

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32. DEFICITS ASSOCIES:32. DEFICITS ASSOCIES:a. Analyse phona. Analyse phonéémique mique ((SprengerSprenger-Charolles et al., 2000)-Charolles et al., 2000)

CVC Phoneme deletion task: No significant difference was observed between the two future-dyslexic groups, Ph-DYS and S-DYS < CAMusical awareness task, only a significant difference between sessions was observed

CVC and CCV: 13 YO No difference for CVC, difference for CCV

First Phoneme Deletion

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

CVC 5 year-old

CVC 7 year-old

CVC 13 year-old

CCV 13 year-old

Mea

n %

of C

orre

ct R

espo

nses

ARS-DYSPh-DYS

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b. Mb. Méémoire moire àà court terme court terme ((SprengerSprenger-Charolles et al.,-Charolles et al.,2000)2000)

Ph-DYS not significantly worse than S-DYS on phonological STM, S-DYS were not significantly worse-off than Ph-DYS on visual STMPh-DYS, but also S-DYS lagged behind CA controls only on phonological STM, t(33 and 27) = 3.98 and 3.80.The same result was observed in the comparison with the younger RL controls, t(33 and 27) = 3.98 and 3.84.

Phonological and Visual Short-Term-Memory

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Ph-STM 10year-old

Ph-STM 13year-old

Vis-STM10 year-old

Vis-STM13 year-old

Mea

n %

of C

orre

ct R

espo

nses

ARS-DYSPh-DYS

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c. Dc. Déénomination Snomination Séérielle Rapiderielle Rapide((FagardFagard, Wolff & , Wolff & SprengerSprenger-Charolles, -Charolles, UnpublishedUnpublished data) data)

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

CM1 CM2 CM1 CM2 CM1 CM2Images Lettres Chiffres

Tem

ps

Lecteurs moyens

Dyslexiques

Difference between Average readers and Dyslexics for Pictures, Letters & Digits (t[47] = 4.6, 4.3, 4.8, ps < .01).

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Ces résultats…Permettent de soutenir une explication

phonologique forte de:ÿl’acquisition de la lectureÿet de la dyslexie du development

Avec une possible même origine

Un candidat plausible: Catégorisation des sons du langage

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d. Catd. Catéégorisation phongorisation phonéémiquemiquePour relier les graphèmes aux phonèmes, il

faut avoir des représentations phonémiquesbien spécifiées

EPhonème: résultat d’un découpagearbitraire, spécifique à une langue

EDans un continuum acoustique,

Eon catégorise:- à différences acoustiques identiques,

- on perçoit certains sons comme ‘ba’

- et d’autres comme ‘da’

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CNRS UMR 8606

Mode acoustique Mode linguistique

Perception continue Perception catégorielle Intra < Inter

Inter Inter

S2 S3

Inter

/ba/ /da/

S2 S3

Intra Inter Intra

Exemple

S1 S4S1 S4

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Dyslexiques et Lecteurs Moyens 13 ans (Serniclaes, Sprenger, Carré, Demonet, 2001)

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

ba1-ba2 ba2-da1 da1-da2

% D

iscr

imin

atio

ns

corr

ecte

s

Lecteurs Moyens Dyslexiques

RRéésultatssultatsParoleParole

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EConsistance des CGPEmoteur de l’apprentissage de la

lectureESa réussite dépend:ßdu degré de régularité des CGP

dans la langueßde la qualité du système

phonologique de l’enfant

C. EXPLICATION PLAUSIBLEC. EXPLICATION PLAUSIBLE

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t(t)thdnpc

/n/ (nasality)

FrenchFrenchWritingWritingSystemSystem

Explication plausible de ce qui se passe au premier stade del’apprentissage de la lecture

/d/ (voicing)

only one /t/ differing from:

/p/ - /k/ (place)

FrenchFrenchphonemicphonemiccategoriescategories

ChildrenChildren’’s phonemics phonemiccategoriescategories

t1t2

t=k

t No impairment

2nd type of impairment

1st type of impairment

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Permet dPermet d’’expliquer :expliquer :

1. Incidence transparence des CGPEles enfants espagnols apprennent plus vite à lireEque les françaisEqui eux mêmes apprennent plus vite que les anglais

2. Incidence Asymétrie CGP et CPGERetard de l’écriture sur la lectureECorrespondances Graphème-PhonèmeEplus régulières que Phonème-Graphème

‘tableau’ ne peut se lire que /tablo/ /tablo/ peut s’écrire de plusieurs façonsENe pas confondre Dyslexie et Dysorthographie

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3. Pas de profils dissociés de DYSEles dyslexiques qui ont des compétences

phonologiques détériorées,Evont également avoir un lexique orthographique

déficitaireEils souffrent donc, pour la plupartEd’un double déficit.

4. Même en Espagnol, il y a des DYSils souffrent donc, pour la plupartEExplication possible: l’enfant qui ne s’est pas

construit une catégorie prototypique pour chacundes phonèmes de sa langue va avoir desdifficultés de mise en place des CGP

Pour la dyslexie:Pour la dyslexie:

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