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3/2/18 1 Photosynthesis & Respiration Introduction to Energy Biochemistry Why do we have to learn about chemistry in biology class?! Because ALL living things are made of cells, which are made of non-living chemicals (molecules)… INCLUDING YOU! Example: Calcium in bones, Iron in blood, Water in cells, Oxygen in lungs, Fluorine in your teeth… etc. (22 total) CHNOPS! You’ll see this later in the notes.

Photosynthesis & Respiration - Weebly · Cellular Respiration Uses the glucose we eat and the glucose plants make, plus oxygen we breath to create up to 38 molecules of ATP –as

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Page 1: Photosynthesis & Respiration - Weebly · Cellular Respiration Uses the glucose we eat and the glucose plants make, plus oxygen we breath to create up to 38 molecules of ATP –as

3/2/18

1

Photosynthesis & Respiration

Introduction to Energy

Biochemistry� Why do we have to learn about chemistry in biology

class?!

� Because ALL living things are made of cells, which are made of non-living chemicals (molecules)… INCLUDING YOU!

� Example: Calcium in bones, Iron in blood, Water in cells, Oxygen in lungs, Fluorine in your teeth… etc. (22 total)

� CHNOPS! You’ll see this later in the notes.

Page 2: Photosynthesis & Respiration - Weebly · Cellular Respiration Uses the glucose we eat and the glucose plants make, plus oxygen we breath to create up to 38 molecules of ATP –as

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Cells Energy� ATP – Adenosine Tri-Phosphate

� Cell’s or the body’s energy molecule

� There is an energy requirement in living systems

� ATP is called Energy Currency

� We need ATP for EVERYTHING

Animal Cells� We make energy using our Mitochondria

� Mitochondria make energy though cellular energy conversion in cycles

� Cellular Respiration

� The release of energy takes place through the breakdown of food molecules

Page 3: Photosynthesis & Respiration - Weebly · Cellular Respiration Uses the glucose we eat and the glucose plants make, plus oxygen we breath to create up to 38 molecules of ATP –as

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Cellular Respiration

� Uses the glucose we eat and the glucose plants make, plus oxygen we breath to create up to 38 molecules of ATP – as well as the water and carbon dioxide we breath out.

Cellular Respiration� Broken into three main parts

1. Glycolysis: Sugar splitting phase (glucose is the sugar)

� 2 ATP are made

� 2 NADH are made

� 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid are made from glucose being split; each pyruvic acid molecule has 3 carbon atoms

2. Kreb’s Cycle (a.k.a. Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the energy from glucose

� The Kreb’s cycle happens 2 times – this is because there are two pyruvic acid molecules entering the Kreb’s cycle.

� After both cycles, there are 6 carbon dioxide molecules, 8 NADH , 2 FADH2 , and 2 ATP molecules

3. Electron Transport Chain: Turns the energy into ATP for the body to use

� In total, 34 – 38 ATP is made!

Page 4: Photosynthesis & Respiration - Weebly · Cellular Respiration Uses the glucose we eat and the glucose plants make, plus oxygen we breath to create up to 38 molecules of ATP –as

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Cellular Respiration EquationC6H12O6 + 6O2 è 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

� Reactants are on the left of the arrow:

� Glucose

� Oxygen

� Products are on the right of the arrow:

� Carbon Dioxide

� Water

� ATP

What does this equation mean?!

� If the equation for Carbon Dioxide is CO2, that means there is:

� 1 Carbon molecule (nothing in front of or behind the molecule means 1)

� 2 Oxygen molecules

� Carbon and Oxygen are joined together into a compound. Since there is not a number in front of the CO2 that means there is only 1 carbon dioxide compound.

� What does the chemical formula for water mean? H2O

Page 5: Photosynthesis & Respiration - Weebly · Cellular Respiration Uses the glucose we eat and the glucose plants make, plus oxygen we breath to create up to 38 molecules of ATP –as

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Types of Cellular Respiration

� Two types of cellular Respiration

1. Aerobic Respiration – Requires Oxygen, produces more ATP

2. Anaerobic Respiration – Does NOT require Oxygen, makes less ATP

Photosynthesis�Photosynthesis is the ultimate source of all the

food you eat and all the oxygen you breathe

�The process in which plants make their own food (glucose) and oxygen is a byproduct

�Takes place in plant cells and other photosynthesizing organisms� Specific Location: Chloroplast

� Needs sun and the pigment chlorophyll

Page 6: Photosynthesis & Respiration - Weebly · Cellular Respiration Uses the glucose we eat and the glucose plants make, plus oxygen we breath to create up to 38 molecules of ATP –as

3/2/18

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Photosynthesis Equation6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP è C6H12O6 + 6O2

� Reactants are on the left of the arrow:� Carbon Dioxide� Water� ATP� Chlorophyll

� Products are on the right of the arrow:� Glucose� Oxygen

Cycles� Why do plants and animals need each other?!

� They are a cycle

� What would happen to plants if all animals died (and vice versa?)