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B.Tech Technical Seminar Presentation-2014N

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1.1

PHASOR MESUREMENT UNIT RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

By

MITHLESH KUMAR RANA

Under the guidance of

Mr. BALAKRUSHNA SAHU

MITHLESH KUMAR RANA (Roll No# 201110543)

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1.2

OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

• What is PMU ?

• Hardware Configuration of PMU

• PMU installation in power grid

• Application of PMU

• Markov model


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1.3

WHAT IS PMU ?WHAT IS PMU ?

•No rays reflected from the cloak-surrounded object - it can not be

seen & is invisible

A Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) has been defined by the IEEE as “a device that produces Synchronized Phasor, Frequency, and Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) estimates from voltage and/or current signals and a time synchronizing signal”


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1.4MITHLESH KUMAR RANA (Roll No# 201110543)

INFORMATION FROM PMUINFORMATION FROM PMU

GPS Time Synchronized measuring device: Inputs: 3 Phase Voltage 3 Phase Current

Outputs:

Voltage Magnitude & Angle (Phasor) Current Magnitude & Angle (Phasor) Frequency (deviation from nominal in MHz) Rate-of-change of frequency (ROCOF in Hz/s)

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1.5

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PMU MODELSDIFFERENT TYPES OF PMU MODELS


•MiCOM P594MiCOM P594 •MACRODYNE 1690 PMUMACRODYNE 1690 PMU

•SEL-421SEL-421

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1.6

HARDWARE CONFIGURATION OF PMUHARDWARE CONFIGURATION OF PMU


1PPS1PPS

GPS receiverAnalog signal

from CT and PTPhase –locked oscillator

16-bit A/D converterAnti-aliasing filters

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1.7

ANTI-ALIASING FILTERANTI-ALIASING FILTER


• An anti-aliasing filter is a filter used before a signal sampler, to restrict the bandwidth of a signal to approximately satisfy the Sampling theorem

• It is also called an Analog low pass filter

• Fs>2Fm over sampling (anti-aliasing)

• Fs<2Fm under sampling(aliasing)

• Fs=2Fm critical sampling

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1.8

GPSGPS

• GPS satellites are powered by solar energy• The first GPS satellite was launched in 1978.

• A full constellation of 24 satellites was achieved in 1994.


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1.9

GPSGPS RECEIVERRECEIVER

•The GPS receiver can determine the user's position and display it on the unit's electronic map. •GPS receiver receives 1pps from GPS


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1.10

PMU INSTALLATION IN POWER GRIDPMU INSTALLATION IN POWER GRID


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1.11

APPLICATIONS OF PMUAPPLICATIONS OF PMU

• Angle and Frequency Monitoring

• Transmission Fault Location and Estimation

• Control of WAMS

• Traveling wave fault detection


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1.12

WIDE AREA MONITORING (WAMS)WIDE AREA MONITORING (WAMS)


Wide Area Monitoring System use a GPS satellite signal to time-synchronize from Phasor measurement units (PMUs) at important nodes in the power system, send real-time Phasor (angle and magnitude) data to a Control Centre.

The acquired Phasor data provides dynamic information on power systems, which helps operators to initiate corrective actions to enhance the power system reliability

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1.13

• Reliability is the probability of a device performing its purpose adequately for the period of time intended under the operating conditions encountered.

• The ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated condition for a specified period of time

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RELIABILITYRELIABILITY


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1.14

MARKOVMARKOV MODELMODEL


A Markov chain is a mathematical model for stochastic systems whose states, discrete or continuous, are governed by a transitional probability. In order for the basic Markov approach to be applicable, the behavior of the system must be characterized by a lack of memory, that is the future states of a system are independent of all past states except the immediately the preceding one.

Markov Property: The state of the system at time t+1 depends only on the state of the system at time t

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REFERENCESREFERENCES [1]. R. F. Nuqui and A. G. Phadke, “Phasor measurement unit placement techniques for complete and incomplete observability,” IEEE Trans .Power Del., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 2381–2388, Oct. 2005

[2]. R. Billiton, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, and L. Bertling, “Bibliography on the application of probability methods in power system reliability evaluation: 1996–1999,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst.,vol.16,no.4, pp.595–602, Nov. 2001.

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