Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Anggoro Cahyo Sukartiko Tri Rini Nuringtyas Siti Nurleily Marliana · Alim Isnansetyo Editors
Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference on Tropical Agriculture
Anggoro Cahyo Sukartiko • Tri Rini NuringtyasSiti Nurleily Marliana • Alim IsnansetyoEditors
Proceeding of the 2ndInternational Conferenceon Tropical Agriculture
EditorsAnggoro Cahyo SukartikoFaculty of Agricultural TechnologyUniversitas Gadjah MadaYogyakarta, Indonesia
Tri Rini NuringtyasFaculty of BiologyUniversitas Gadjah MadaYogyakarta, Indonesia
Siti Nurleily MarlianaFaculty of BiologyUniversitas Gadjah MadaYogyakarta, Indonesia
Alim IsnansetyoDepartment of Fishery, Faculty of AgricultureUniversitas Gadjah MadaYogyakarta, Indonesia
ISBN 978-3-319-97552-8 ISBN 978-3-319-97553-5 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97553-5
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018964100
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of thematerial is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or informationstorage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodologynow known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoes not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevantprotective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in thisbook are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors orthe editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for anyerrors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AGThe registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
The 2nd International Conference on Tropical Agriculture (ICTA 2017) is a series ofa conference organized by Badan Penerbit dan Publikasi Universitas Gadjah Mada.The conference was held on 26–27 October 2017 in Yogyakarta, one of the centersof culture in Indonesia.
The ICTA 2017 was designed as a forum for an intensive discussion on the recentdevelopment and research progress on the agriculture. The tropical term may refer toall research related to agriculture that conducted in a tropical area with climatechange as the significant interest. This was then reflected by the ICTA 2017 theme“Integrated and sustainable tropical agriculture” and subtheme “Building commu-nity socio-ecological resilience to climate change through agriculture innovations.”
During the conference, five symposia were held including sustainable tropicalforestry, innovative and emerging agricultural technology and management, sustain-able tropical agriculture, sustainable tropical animal production and health, andsocioeconomic dimensions in tropical agriculture. More than 124 papers werepresented at this conference. And finally, after a double-blind peer review process,28 original research papers were selected for publication in this proceeding. Amongthe selected papers, readers will discover the broad sense of tropical agricultureincluding crop production, forestry, post-harvest technology, animal production, andfisheries, along with their social impacts.
We thank all participants for their contributions to the ICTA program and for theircontributions to these proceedings. We express our sincere gratitude to reviewersand the subject and technical editors for their high dedication and continuous hardwork in preparing this proceedings volume. Hopefully, this proceedings will give thereader prominent information in tropical agriculture from a different point of view.
Yogyakarta, Indonesia Anggoro Cahyo SukartikoTri Rini Nuringtyas
Siti Nurleily MarlianaAlim Isnansetyo
v
Contents
Part I Innovative and Emerging Agricultural Technologyand Management
Improvement of Local Superior Through Industrialization of SoygurtProducts and Its Diversification in Rural Areas of Soybean ProductionCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Atris Suyantohadi, Mirwan Ushada, and Dody Kastono
Cropping Calendar Scenario Based on Climate Projections AgainstRegional Climate Change in the Southern Part of Indonesia . . . . . . . . . 15Bayu Dwi Apri Nugroho, Chusnul Arif, and Rizki Maftukhah
Charcoal Briquette of Young Coconut Leaf (Cocos nucifera Leaf)from Bali Hindu Community’s Religious Rituals Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Dek Krishna Rimba Prabhu and Johanes Pramana Gentur Sutapa
Effect of Sargassum Hystrix Extracts on Weight and Blood BiochemicalProfile of Wistar Rats Under Condition of Swimming Stressand Fasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Laila Sofia Nur’aini, Amir Husni, and Claude Mona Airin
Color as a Predictor of Chili Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Nafis Khuriyati, Mohammad Affan Fajar Falah, Mirwan Ushada,Bayu Kristiawan, and Nugrahanto Aji Wicaksono
Development of “Smart Eye” – Smartphone Application – To DetermineImage Color and Texture of Tomatoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Rudiati Evi Masithoh, Balza Achmad, and Luthfi Zharif
Comparison of Appearances and Color Indexes for Tempewith Different Packaging Using Digital Image Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Zaki Utama, Fidela Devina Agrippina, and Bedri Sekar Nurmadhani
vii
Part II Socio-economic Dimensions in Tropical Agriculture
The Ethics of Agricultural Information Literacy of Farmersin the Coastal Sandy Land of Yogyakarta Special Region . . . . . . . . . . . 71Alia Bihrajihant Raya, Sri Peni Wastutiningsih, Paksi Mei Penggalih,and Sylvatra Puspitasari
Analysis of Consumers’ Intention to Use Smartphone-Based Applicationin Purchasing Organic Agricultural Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Anggarda Paramita Imawati, Sri Marwanti, and Heru Irianto
Development of Fish Farmer Association Based on ArcModel for Improving Competitiveness of Small Scale FreshwaterFisheries Agroindustry in Yogyakarta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Didik Purwadi and Isna Nurlaely
The Dynamic of Food Crops Farmers in Responding to the Emergenceof New Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in RuralYogyakarta Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Subejo, Dyah Woro Untari, Ratih Ineke Wati, and Gagar Mewasdinta
Organic Rice Farming Characteristic and Food Consumptionin Sleman District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Yahya Shafiyuddin Hilmi, Pinjung Nawang Sari, and Any Suryantini
Part III Sustainable Tropical Agriculture
Current Status of Emerging Vascular-Streak Dieback (VSD) on Cacaoin Yogyakarta, Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Ani Widiastuti, Arif Wibowo, Ady Bayu Prakoso, and Hendra
Phenotypic Characters Stability of Melon (Cucumis melo L. MeloniCultivar) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Budi Setiadi Daryono, Aestethica El Virdausy, and Eka Wasi’ Al-Mughni
Physiological Responses of Rice (Oryza sativa L. ‘Situ Bagendit’)to Varying Water Stress and Soil Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Diah Rachmawati and Fikky Amalia
Selection and Phenotypic Characters Description of ReciprocalCross Breeding Maize between ‘Talenta’ and ‘Provit A1’ Maize . . . . . . 159Erti Hamimi, Muhamad Yasin Hasanul Gaffar, and Budi Setiadi Daryono
Evaluation of Source and Sink Capacity of Five Cowpea Varieties(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Grown in Two Different Altitudes . . . . . . 171Heni Purnamawati, Juang Gema Kartika, Feri Vircue Zandroto,and Fachrul Rohimin Iska
viii Contents
Biosorption of Metals Ion on Methanol Dehydrogenase Activity Testof Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Novita Kurniawati, Ambar Pertiwiningrum, Yuny Erwanto,Nanung Agus Fitriyanto, and Mohammad Zainal Abidin
Characterization of Pseudomonas sp. LS3K as Nitrate RemovalAgent at Different C/N Ratios Under Aerobic Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . 185Ragil Adi Prasetyo, Ambar Pertiwiningrum, Yuny Erwanto,Lies Mira Yusiati, and Nanung Agus Fitriyanto
Effects of Copper on Accumulation, Plant Growth, SuperoxideDismutase Activity and Total Phenolic Compounds in Paddy(Oryza sativa L. ‘Cempo Merah’) Leaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195Riska Desi Aryani, Andhika Puspito Nugroho, and Yekti Asih Purwestri
Total Anthocyanin Content and Antioxidant Activity of Brown Rice,Endosperm, and Rice Bran of Three Indonesian Black Rice(Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205Warisatul Ilmi, Rarastoeti Pratiwi, and Yekti Asih Purwestri
Part IV Sustainable Tropical Animal Production and Health
Dermatophytes in Cats and in Its Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219Jeanne Lim Zhi Yen, Indarjulianto Soedarmanto, Sitarina Widyarini,Alfarisa Nururrozi, Yanuartono, Slamet Raharjo,and Hary Purnamaningsih
In Vitro Digestibility of Native Grass Silage Supplementedwith Leucaena leucocephala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Ryan Aryadin Putra, Cuk Tri Noviandi, and Nafiatul Umami
Part V Sustainable Tropical Forestry
Plant Diversity in Merapi Ungup-Ungup of Ijen Crater NaturePreserve, East Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235Asa Yulianto, Dwi Tyaningsih Adriyanti, and Atus Syahbudin
City of Philosophy: Evaluation of Tree Philosophy and ItsArchitecture in Yogyakarta Philosophical Axis TowardsUNESCO World Heritage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249Atus Syahbudin, Serena Pynta Phenomenon, Alnus Meinata,Angine Sischa Hanggrita Hanindita, and Budi Mulyana
Effect of Nitrogen (N) Concentration on the Morphology of Teak(Tectona grandis) Seedlings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275Puji Lestari, Handojo H. Nurjanto, and Listianti
Contents ix
The Effects of Different Agroforestry Patterns on Agricultural CropsProduction in Community Forest in Gunungkidul Indonesia . . . . . . . . . 285Silvi Nur Oktalina and Eka Putri Utami
The Dynamic of Community Forest in the Livelihood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295Tatik Suhartati, Ris Hadi Purwanto, Agus Setyarso, and Sumardi
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
x Contents
List of Reviewer ICTA Proceeding 2017
No Name Affiliation
1 Alia Bihrajihant Raya, S.P., M.P., Ph.D. Faculty of Agriculture,Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
2 Dr. Ir. Alim Isnansetyo, M.Sc. Faculty of Agriculture,Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
3 Dr.rer.nat. Andhika Puspito Nugroho, S.Si., M.Si. Faculty of Biology, UniversitasGadjah Mada, Indonesia
4 Anggoro Cahyo Sukartiko, STP., M.P., Ph.D. Faculty of AgriculturalTechnology, Universitas GadjahMada, Indonesia
5 Dr. Atris Suyantohadi, STP., M.T. Faculty of AgriculturalTechnology, Universitas GadjahMada, Indonesia
6 Atus Syahbudin, S.Hut., M.Agr., Ph.D. Faculty of Forestry, UniversitasGadjah Mada, Indonesia
7 Prof. Dr. Ir. Cahyono Agus Dwi Koranto, M.Agr.Sc. Faculty of Forestry, UniversitasGadjah Mada, Indonesia
8 Ir. Donny Widianto, Ph.D. Faculty of Agriculture,Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
9 Dr. Ir. Dyah Ismoyowati, M.Sc. Faculty of AgriculturalTechnology, Universitas GadjahMada, Indonesia
10 Dr. Ganis Lukmandaru, S.Hut., M.Agr. Faculty of Forestry, UniversitasGadjah Mada, Indonesia
11 Prof. Dr. drh. Ida Tjahajati, M.P. Faculty of Veterinary, UniversitasGadjah Mada, Indonesia
12 Prof. Ir. I Gede Suparta Budisatria, M.Sc., Ph.D. Faculty of Animal Science,Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
(continued)
xi
No Name Affiliation
13 Dr. Mirwan Ushada, STP., M.App.Life.Sc. Faculty of AgriculturalTechnology, Universitas GadjahMada, Indonesia
14 Dr. Panjisakti Basunanda, S.P., M.P. Faculty of Agriculture,Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
15 Ratih Ineke Wati, S.P., M.Agr., Ph.D. Faculty of Agriculture,Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
16 Dr. Rudi Hari Murti, S.P., M.P. Faculty of Agriculture,Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
17 Dr. Rudiati Evi Masithoh, STP., M.Dev.Tech. Faculty of AgriculturalTechnology, Universitas GadjahMada, Indonesia
18 Dr. Sena Adi Subrata, S.Hut., M.Sc. Faculty of Forestry, UniversitasGadjah Mada, Indonesia
19 Subejo, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D. Faculty of Agriculture,Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
20 Dr. Tri Joko, S.P., M.Sc. Faculty of Agriculture,Universitas Gadjah Mada,Indonesia
21 Dr. Tri Rini Nuringtyas, S.Si., M.Sc. Faculty of Biology, UniversitasGadjah Mada, Indonesia
22 Dr. Widiastuti Setyaningsih, STP., M.Sc. Faculty of AgriculturalTechnology, Universitas GadjahMada, Indonesia
xii List of Reviewer ICTA Proceeding 2017
Biosorption of Metals Ion on MethanolDehydrogenase Activity Testof Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110
Novita Kurniawati, Ambar Pertiwiningrum, Yuny Erwanto,Nanung Agus Fitriyanto, and Mohammad Zainal Abidin
Abstract This research aimed to know effect of absorption metals ion (bisorption)which has different group elements on methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) activity testof a nitrogen fixation bacterium, Bradyhizobium japonicum USDA 110. Ten ofmetals ion at a concentration of 30 μM were tested to grow B. japonicum USDA110 in diluted one per ten of nutrient medium. The results of MDH activity testshowed that the bacterial growth in medium without added metal ion had similarMDH activity with that of in the medium supplemented with calsium ion/Ca2+.Highest enzymatic activity, 0.08 (U �mg�1), was showed by the bacterium grown inmedium supplemented with magnesium/Mg2 + .. MDH was required for the bacterialgrowth in anerobic condition specially for a root simbiotic bacterium, Bradyhizobiumjaponicum USDA 110. Addition of magnesium/Mg2+ accelerated the bacterialgrowth and MDH activity by 2.6 and 1.28 times, respectively. This researchresults deduced that in an anerobic condition of soil, the metal ions specially calsiumand magnesium were required to be added in plant growth medium to accelerate thegrowth of B. japonicum which well known as bacterial symbiotic on soy bean roots.
Keywords Biosorption · Bradyrhizobium japonicum · USDA110 · Metal ion ·Methanol dehydrogenase · Nutrient medium
Abbreviations
BSA bovine serum albuminDCPIP DichlorophenolindophenolMDH Methanol DehydrogenaseNBT Nitro Blue TetrazoliumPAGE Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
N. Kurniawati (*) · A. Pertiwiningrum · Y. Erwanto · N. A. Fitriyanto · M. Z. AbidinDepartement of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas GadjahMada, Yogyakarta, Indonesiae-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected];[email protected]
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018A. C. Sukartiko et al. (eds.), Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference onTropical Agriculture, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97553-5_18
179
PES Phenazine EthosulfateSDS Sodium Dodecyl sulfatYM Yeast extrac-Mannitol
1 Introduction
Biosorption of metal ions is regular activity on soil microbe to enzymaticmentainance of cell regulation and other. One of enzymatic regulation that requireon cell live is methanol dehydrogense (MDH). Methanol abundant in nature, that issynthezed on leaves and root from cell wall decompostion [1–3]. Methanolassismilation in soil microbe has related to carbon metabolism which has only oneatom carbon regulated by MDH enzyme. MDH bacterial is one of dehydrogenseenzyme that able to used as indicator soil condition [4, 5]. Soil serve various metalion that soil microbe as Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 absorbe it. Differentmetal ion have differet effect to activity of MDH. This research aims to measureactivity of methanol dehydrogenase from Bradyrhizobium japoncium USDA110that grown in diluted nutreint with addition 30 μM of ten diffrent metal ion.
2 Methods
2.1 Bacterial Medium and Condition
B. japoncium USDA110 was obtained from NBRC with number registration 14792.The bacterial was routinely grown in Yeast extrac-Mannitol/YM medium[6]. Diluted nutrient broth one per ten are used to grow condition with each add30 μM KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2.2H2O, VCl3, Na2MoO4.2H2O, MnCl2.4H2O,FeCl3.6H2O, CuCl2.2H2O, ZnCl2 and AlCl3.6H2O. Bacteria grow on room temper-ature 30 �C and harvested on log phase or 48 h for cell free extract. Bacterial growmeasure by spectrophotometer with 600 nm every 24 h until stationer phase.Bacterial paste before extraction was three time washed with 20 mM Tris-HClpH 8 by centrifuge 10,000 rpm, 4 �C for 10 min and storage at �20 �C until used.
2.2 Methanol Dehydrogense Enzyme Assay
Bacterial paste extracted using Ultrasonic Tomy Disruptor UD-210 with ice to coolduring exctraction process. Extraction procedure is 15 time by 20 s with resting time30 s. Supernatant of cell free extract obtained using centrifuge 16,000 rpm at 4 �C for30 min. MDH assay using Day and Anthony method [7]. Mixture reaction of MDH
180 N. Kurniawati et al.
assay consist 0,6 M buffer Tris- HCl pH 9 0.5 mL; 0.45 M Ammonium chloride0.1 mL; 0.3 M Methanol 0.1 mL; 2.6 mM 2.6-Dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP)0.1 m; 33 mM Phenazine Ethosulfate (PES) 0.1 mL; sampel and aqudes until 3 mLof cuvet spectrophotometer 600 nm at 15 s of change color mixture reaction toyellowwish green. Epsilon value of DCPIP is 21.69 M�1 cm�1� 103 M�1 cm�1 andprotein concentration assay using BSA (bovine serum albumin) in comercial BCAProtein Assay kit.
2.3 Methanol Dehydrogense Enzyme Stain Assay
MDH stain methode assay use stain Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT)/PhenazineEthosulfate (PES) PAGE (Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis). This methode useto show visualitaion bacterial cell free extract native protein MDH on effect ofabsorb metal ion. PAGE concentration without add SDS (Sodium Dodecyl sulfat) is10% and dyed with mixture reaction of 0.6 M Tris-HCl pH 9 5 mL; 0.45 MAmmonium chloride 1 mL; 0.3 M Methanol, 33 mM PES 1 mL; Nitro BlueTetrazolium 16 mg; and adjust with aquades until volume 30 mL for 30 min atroom temperature.
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Bacterial Growth
B. japonicum USDA110 show highest growth rate on addition magnesium/Mg2+
with biomass cell weight 0.35 gr or 2.6 times compere to none/control addition andother addition metals ion. Calsium/Ca2+ addition on bacterial growth rate position isthird with biomassa cell weight 0.29 gr or after none/control 0.31 gr (Fig. 1). Thisbacterial paste harvested on log phase state, 48 h on growth one per ten dilutednurient medium. Magnesium and calsium are two metal ion essential in enzyme andcell regulation. Calcium is well know as cofactor on MDH activity on severalbacteria as Methylobacteriuam extorquens AM1 [8]. The other hand, magnesiuminvolve to DNA replication and cell proliferation [9]. Magnesium ion able tostimulate cell growth rate more than other ion metals because not only invole inMDH regulation also DNA replication. Magnesium, calcium, and kalium additionstimulate weight cell growth 0,349 g/L, 0,293 g/L, and 0,1685 g/L respectively. Theother metals ion addition has lower than magnesium and calcium (data not show).
Biosorption of Metals Ion on Methanol Dehydrogenase Activity Test of . . . 181
3.2 MDH Assay
Bradyhizobium japonicum USDA110 cell grow by addition with magnesium shownhingest MDH activity assay, 0.08 U � mg�1 or 1.28 times than none/control andaddition calcium, 0.06 U � mg�1. Detection MDH using formazan stain on nativePAGE or MDH stain assay revealed that metal ion such copper/Cu2+, potassium/K+1
and almunium/Al3+ more bold on stain but have low MDH activity and cell biomass(Fig. 2). Absorption and accumulation of those metal ion can use as indicator that in
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0 24 48 72 96 120
Op
tical
den
sit
y 6
00
nm
)
Hour
Fig. 1 Biosorption of metal ion on bacterial growth of Bradyrhzaobium japonicum USDA110 byoptical density 600 nm. B. japonicum grown with 30 μM addition kalium (close square), calcium(close circles), magnesium (close triangle), and control or without addition metal ion (closediamond)
Fig. 2 Methanol Dehydrogenase (MDH) activity stain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110.Crude cell free extract of Bardyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 were grown with nutrient medium(line 1), and added metal ion of Fe3+, V3+, Mo6+, Cu2+, Ca2+, K1+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and Al3+ line2 until 11 respectively by formazan stain forming on NBT/PES PAGE or native PAGE activity stain
182 N. Kurniawati et al.
soil have abundant metal ion that able to inhibit cell regulation but not like magne-sium or calcium.
3.3 Effect of Biosorption Metal Ions
From tenmetals ionwere tested on growth andMDH assay reveled that vanadium/V3+,mangan/Mn2+, ferric/Fe3+, copper/Cu2+, zinc/Zn2+ and almunium/Al3+ have lowMDH activity and bacterial growth rate. It is figure out that those metals ion able toinhibit agricultural bacterial growth and unwanted abundant at agricultual field.MDH enzyme is one of dehydrogense enzyme which able to use as standard enzy-matic test for judged ecological environment [10]. MDH of Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum USDA110, a agricultural bacteria, representive use to ecological enzy-matic testing for enviroment effect of biosorption metals ion.
4 Conclusions
Biosorption metals ion effect on MDH enzyme activity has correlation on bacte-rial cell regulation for environment standard indicator. Bradyrhizobium japonicumUSDA110 could use as bacterial standard testing was revelaed that metals ionmagnesium/Mg2+ and calcium have diffrent effect on cell regulation by MDHactivity and stain assay. Magnesium/Mg2+ has highest MDH activity compereother metals ion and biomass cell weight. Biosorption of Fe3+, V3+, Cu2+, K1+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and Al3+ ion on Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 were caused lowMDH activity and biomass. Cosequently, thus metals ion were made MDH activityand bacterial cell growth low and able to impare symbiotic process on agriculturalfield.
Acknowledgments The author gratitude to the directorate General of Higher Education, Ministryof Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia which endoswed herMaster study program scholarship.
References
1. Marshall MN, MacDonald RC, Franzen JJ, Wojciechowski C, Fall R. Methanol emission fromleaves: enzymatic detection of gas-phase methanol and relation of methanol fluxes to stomatalconductance and leaf development. Plant Physiol. 1995;108:1359–68.
2. Sadowsky MJ, Bohlool BB. Growth of fast- and slow-growing rhizobia on ethanol. ApplEnviron Microbiol. 1986;52:951–3.
3. Kykendall LD, Elkan GH. Rhizobium japonicum derivatives differing in nitrogen-fixing effi-ciency and carbohydrate utilization. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1976;32:511–9.
Biosorption of Metals Ion on Methanol Dehydrogenase Activity Test of . . . 183
4. Kaczynka G, Borowik A, Wyszkowska J. Soil dehydrogenase as an indicator of the environ-ment with petroleum products. Water Air Soil Polllut. 2015;226:372.
5. Skovran E, Palmer AD, Rountree AM, Good NM, Lidstrom ME. XoxF is required forexpression of methanol dehydrogenase in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1. J Bacteriol.2011;193:6032–8.
6. Saito A, Mitsui H, Hattori R, Minamisawa K, Hattori T. Slow-growing and oligotrophic soilbacteria phylogenetically close to Bradyrhizobium japonicum. FEMS Microbiol Ecol.1998;25:277–86.
7. Day DJ, Anthony C. Methanol dehydrogenase from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1.Methods Enzymol. 1990;188:210–6.
8. Goodwin MG, Anthony C. Characterization of a novel methanol dehydrogenase containing aBa2+ ion at the active site. Biochem J. 1996;318:673–9.
9. Chistoserdova L, Lidstrom ME. Molecular and mutational analysis of a DNA region separatingtwo methylotrophy gene clusters in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1. Microbiology.1997;143:1729–36.
10. Casida LE. Microbial metabolic activity in soil as measured by dehydrogenase determinations.Appl Environ Microbiol. 1977;34:630–6.
184 N. Kurniawati et al.
