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    Ch. 29: Predetermined Time Systems

    Frank and Lillian Gilbreth broke work intotherbligs (elements).The next step is to assign time values to theelements.Times for elements are added to obtain a totaltime.Independence and additivity are assumed.

    PTS are based on the concept that there arebasic, universal units of work with standardamounts of time.

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    Methods-Time Measurements (MTM)

    Developed in 1946Simplified versions are available.

    A training course is required for using the

    system correctly.

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    MTM-110 categories of movementsTimes in TMUs (1 TMU = .000 010 h)Times are for an experienced worker working at

    a normal pave.No allowances are included in the times.

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    Reach

    Reach to an object in a fixed location or in theother hand.Reach to a single object whose general

    location is known.Reach to an object jumbled with others in agroup.Reach to a very small object or whereaccurate grasp is required.Reach to an indefinite location.

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    Move

    Move object to the other hand or against stop.Move object to an approximate or indefinitelocation.

    Move object to an exact location.

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    Turn

    A movement that rotates the hand, wrist, andforearm about the long axis of the forearm.Time depends on degrees of turn, weight of the

    object, and resistance against turn.

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    Apply Pressure

    Application of force without resultant movement.

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    Grasp

    Pickup graspRegraspTransfer grasp

    Jumbled graspContact, sliding, or hook grasp

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    Position

    Aligning, orienting, or engaging one object withanotherPosition times vary with:

    Amount of pressure needed to fitSymmetry of the objectEase of handling

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    Disengage

    Breaking contact between one object andanotherTimes vary with:

    Class of fitEase of handlingCare in handling

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    Release

    Relinquishing control of an object by the hand orfingersTwo types:

    Simple opening of the fingersContact release

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    Other Motions

    Body, leg, and foot motionsEye motionsCombined motions

    Limited motions

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    MTM Form

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    MTM-2

    Takes about 40% of the time of MTM-1 toanalyze a task.Has only 37 times in all.

    Key categories are GET and PUT.Provides decision trees to determine case.User estimates distance and uses time fromtable.Includes 7 other motions.

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    MTM-2 Analysis

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    MTM-3 Analysis

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    MOST Work Measurement System

    Based on observation that the majority ofactivities are associated with a limited number ofmotion sequences.

    Significantly reduces time required to perform ananalysis.4 sequence models.

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    General Move Sequence Model

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    MODAPTS

    Based on the concept that the body memberused is the key variable.

    All body movements are multiples of a MOD (1

    MOD = .129 s).

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    Purposes of PTS Studies

    Make a methods analysis to determine anefficient work methodDetermine the amount of time necessary to do

    the job