RACHETA V2

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    A4/V2 Design & Tech Data

    The V2 was an unmanned, guided, ballistic missile. It

    was guided by an advanced gyroscopic system that sentsignals to aerodynamic steering tabs on the fins andvanes in the exhaust. It was propelled by an alcohol (amixture of 75% ethyl alcohol and 25% water), and liquidoxygen fuel. The two liquids were delivered to the thrustchamber by two rotary pumps, driven by a steamturbine. The steam turbine operated at 5,000 rpm on twoauxiliary fuels, namely hydrogen peroxide (80 %) and a

    mixture of 66% sodium permanganate with water 33%.This system generated about 55,000 lbs (24947 kg) of

    thrust at the start, which increased to 160,000 lbs(72574 kg) when the maximum speed was reached. Themotor typically burned for 60 seconds, pushing therocket to around 4,400 ft/second (1341 m/sec). It roseto an altitude of 52 to 60 miles (83 to 93 km) and had arange of 200 to 225 miles (321 to 362 km). The V2carried an explosive warhead (Amatol Fp60/40) weighingapproximately 738 kg (1 ton) that was capable of

    flattening a city block. It was first fired operationally onSept. 8, 1944 against Paris then London, this was the

    beginning of the V2 campaign.

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    Before launch, the empty V2 weighs 10,000 lbs (4539 kg), it is filled with fuel, alcohol, liquid oxygen,hydrogen peroxide en sodium permanganate (catalyst). The air batteries and nitrogen batteries are

    filled up to 200 bar, and the rocket now weighs 28,000 lbs (12700 kg). Electrical cables are nowconnected and gyroscopes are being powered up by 28 Volts / 60 Amps, DC. The cables are connected

    till launch, batteries take care of power supply during flight. After everything is set, pressurized air (32bar) presses the hydrogen peroxide and the sodium permanganate into the 580 HP turbine. Thiscauses the turbine to rotate 3800 per min. This turbine moves two pumps that inject the Methylalcohol, at 23 bar via 1224 nozzles (58 kg/sec) and liquid oxygen at 17.5 bar via 2160 nozzles (72kg/sec) into the burn chamber at 23 bar. The mixture is ignited, where a temperature of 2500 degreesCelsius at 15 bar is reached, but is not producing enough impulse to lift the V2. Soon after checking to

    make sure propulsion is working properly, the burning speed will be raised and cables are disconnectedelectromagnetically.

    The V2 engine burn chamber temperature was about 2700 degrees Celsius. This wall is cooled by theliquid ethyl alcohol flowing via the double wall of the beam tube and burning chamber, which alsoheated up the ethyl alcohol. In the burning process, first oxygen is injected, without entering air, then

    spontaneous burn of the fuel and liquid oxygen, then gasses flow with great speed to the nozzle end.During burn time (about 60 sec) the V2 is steered by 4 graphite rudders and 4 vanes (at the fins). Todescribe the steering process, one can imagine the mechanics of the vertical vanes and rudders 1 and

    3, and the horizontal vanes and rudders 2 and 4, in this manner. - Vanes and rudders 1 and 3 (reacttogether) control the oscillation and heading in the lateral movement, then the movement in the

    projectiles along a given axis, which stands perpendicular on the vertical movement by the same alongthe axis. Rudders 2 and 4 control the oscillation and heading in the vertical movement in the same

    manner on their axis. Vanes 2 and 4 controls roll stabilization. Vanes 1, 2, 3, and 4 are controlled by agyroscope. They keep the axis of the V2 vertical. Rudders 2 and 4 are controlled by another gyroscope.They take care of the angle (as from the vertical) of the rocket during burn time. The latter gyroscopeis controlled by a third gyroscope that makes sure the first mile will be straight up, after that it isturning until the correct elevation is reached, This elevation is kept until the speed is high enough toreach the target, finally the last gyroscope shuts off fuel supply. After shutdown the rocket acts as a

    regular artillery shell.

    Fully fueled, the V2 had 4900 kg A-Stoff whichwas liquid oxygen with a temperature of minus183 degrees Celsius, and 3710 kg of a mixtureof 75% Ethyl alcohol and 25% water, called B-Stoff. The oxygen evaporated so quickly thatthe tank truck started at the load station with 6400 kg, so when they arrived at the site for V2 fueling,1500 kg was already evaporated. The rocket also carried 175 kg of T-Stoff, which was 80% hydrogen,and 22 kg Z-Stoff which was a mixture of 1/3 part sodium permanganate and 2/3 part water. The latter

    was for propulsion of the 580 horsepower turbine, compressed air pushed those materials with apressure of 32 bar in this turbine, 385 degrees Celsius vapor brought the turbine to 3800 RPM. Each

    second, 58 kg alcohol of 23 bars had to be pressed via 1224 injection ports, and 72 kg oxygen with apressure of 17.5 bars via 2160 injection ports into the burning chamber, that eventually at a pressureof 15 bars brought the temperature to 2500 degrees Celsius. Initial lift pressure was 3 tons, which took3 seconds (for observation of good ignition) and than raised to 25 tons.

    For the V2 , 6967 kg raw materials was needed (without the explosives and devices) of which 3112 kgthin sheet metal (various thickness) e.g. the outer skin. Average price of a V2 was 119600 Reichsmark.

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    The A4/V2 rocket had an operational range of 234 miles. The max. burning time of the engine was 65-70 seconds, shortly before engine shutdown the A4 weighed 4040 kg at a height of 35 km, starting with1 G force, and at shutdown 8 G, after shutdown the A4 flew to a height of 97 km and fell to earth witha impact speed of 3240-3600 km per hour. Liftoff was straight up; 30 seconds after launch it reachedspeed of sound. When launched against targets close to the operational range of the vehicle, thedeviation between target and impact was normally 4 to 11 miles (7-17 km away from target). This

    made the rocket only suitable for use against widely populated areas. At shorter targeting ranges, theaccuracy of the A4 was improved. The Leitstrahlstellung was a guiding beam that improved accuracy

    of the A4 somewhat during the later days of the campaign. One quarter of all A4 rockets were guidedwith the Leitstrahlstellung.

    A description of an A4/V2 impact would be as follows. First, a whip cracking sound of a blast wavecreated by the rocket (moving faster than the speed of sound) bounces off of the point of impact justsplit seconds before the flash of impact. This was followed by the chaos of the explosion with debris andearth churned skyward. Soon, the whine and rush of whistling air as the sound catches up with the

    rocket followed by a deafening roar of the incoming rocket, which tapers off to silence. There could beno warning. The A4/V2 impacted at 3 times the speed of sound.

    The V2 offensive would last from September of 1944 until March of 1945. Over 3000 rockets werelaunched in this time period. The London area was hit by over 500 rockets and several hundred moredropped in surrounding counties. At first London and Antwerp were the primary targets, but rocketsalso fell around Ipswich and Norwich, and many Allied held targets in France, Belgium and Holland, and

    even on Germany itself.

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    Immediately after the war, the V2 was extensively tested by the British during Operation Backfire.This British documentation was gathered before the German rocket scientists were moved to the United

    States.

    V2 technology system:

    Combustion chamber &fuel inlets.

    Combustionchamber. Engine.

    Statistics of the V2

    Power: Liquid-fuelled rocket

    motorEthyl Alcohol (75%): 8179 lb,

    3710 kgLiquid-oxygen: 10802 lb, 4900kgWarhead: 1627 lb ofexplosives, 738 kg(not high explosives, becauseof frictional warmth exceeding1200 degrees F during flight)

    Launch weight: 12.8 tons,13000 kg

    Hydrogen Peroxide 285 lbs,129 kgSodium Permanganate 35 lbs,15.8 kgNitrogen 30 lbs (Nitrogen hasmultiple services, the difficultvalve system is operated by itand the pressure in the alcohol

    tank is kept at a certain level).

    Thrust at liftoff: 55100 lb,25,000 kg

    Fuel consumption, per sec:286 lb, 130 kgAcceleration at liftoff: 0.9 g

    Burn time: 65 sec.Guidance: Gyro Preset

    Burning temp. 4802 degrees F, 2650 degrees C

    Consumption 276 lbs/per sec, 125 kg/per secMax motor temp: ~2700 degrees C, ~4890degrees FMotor pressure: 15 bar, 217 lb/sq inchNozzle expansion ratio: 15.45:0.85Warhead/Launch weight ratio: 0.075

    Maximum speed: 5400 km/h, 3355 mphMaximum altitude: 96 km, 60 milesLength: 14 m, 46 feetBody diameter: 1.651 m, 5 ft. 5 inchesDiameter over fins 3.55 m, 11 ft. 8 inches

    Rocket stays vertical after liftoff: 5 sec.-completes tilt within: 50 sec.-attains angle of 49 degrees from vertical at:

    54 sec.-passes speed of sound: 25 sec.

    Velocity along trajectory (max): 1600 m / sec.,1 mi / sec.Impact velocity: 1100 m / sec., 3600 ft. / sec.

    Apogee of trajectory: 90 km, 56 mi

    Range: 320 km, 199 mi

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    Time Travel Research Center 2005 Cetin BAL - GSM:+90 05366063183 - Turkey / Denizli

    Nazi V-2/ A-4 Rocket TechnologyGerman test launch.

    The V-2 rocket was an early ballistic missile used by Germany during

    the latter stages of World War II against mostly British and Belgian

    targets.

    Table of contents

    1 Pre-operational

    History

    2 Operational history

    3 Post-War V-2 Usage

    4 Technical Details

    German V2 Rocket

    The V-2 (A4) Ballistic Missile Technology : 1- 2- 3 -4

    V-2 Rocket schematic diagram ( Technics Scheme )

    V2 Raketenfertigung in Friedrichshafen 1942-45

    V-2 Rocket Museum ( V-2 Rocket Engine) : 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8-9-10

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