Rajasthan Info

8/9/2019 Rajasthan Info

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The first mention of word Rajasthancomes from the works of George

Thomas (Military Memories) and James Tod(Annals). Rajasthan literally

means a Land of Kingdoms. However, western Rajasthan with eastern

Gujarat were art of !Gurjaratra! or Gurjarabhumi, land of Gurjars."#$The

local dialects of the time use the e%ression Rjwr, the lace or land ofkings, later corruted &y the 'ritish to Rajputana."$"$

There is nothing known a&out the ancient language of Rajasthanis.

*onetheless, it is &elieved that eole soke language similar to

westernApabhramshaorprakrit."citation needed$

+lthough history of Rajasthangoes &ack as far as ndus -alley ivili/ation,

the foundation of Rajasthani community took shae with the rise

of Western Middle Kingdomssuch as 0estern 1shatraas. Western

Kshatrapas(2342 ') were rulers of the western art of ndia(5aurashtra and 6alwa7 modern Gujarat, 5outhern 5indh, 6aharashtra,

Rajasthan). They were successors to thendo35cythianswho invaded the

area of 8jjainand esta&lished the 5aka era(with5aka calendar), marking

the &eginning of the long3lived 5aka 0estern 5atraskingdom."2$aka

calendar(also &een adoted as ndian national calendar) is used &y

Rajasthani community and adjoining areas such as 9unja&and Haryana.

0ith time their social structures got stronger reorgani/ations giving &irth to

several martialsu& ethnic grous (reviously called as Martial race&ut now

o&solete term). Rajasthanis emerged as major merchants during medievalndia. Rajasthan was among the imortant centers of trade with Rome,

eastern 6editerraneanand southeast+sia.":$

Romani people

Main article! Romani people

5ome claim that Romani peopleoriginated in arts of the Rajasthan and

Gujarat. ndian origin was suggested on linguistic grounds as early as #44

years ago.";$The romaultimately derives from a form d"#mba(!man living &y

singing and music!), attested in lassical 5anskrit.

">th

century. ontemorary oulations sometimes suggested as sharing a

close relationshi to the Romani are the ?om eoleof entral +sia and

the 'anjaraof ndia."@$
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Origin"edit$

The origin of Rajasthanis has largely fallen into o&livion for there are no

surviving written records from ancient times."citation needed$*onetheless,

Rajasthnis are living in Rajasthan since time immemorial. The erstwhile

state of +lwar, in north3eastern Rajasthan, is ossi&ly the oldest kingdom inRajasthan. +round >244 ', it formed a art of the 6atsya territories of

-iratnagar (resent3day 'airat) encomassing 'haratur, ?holur, and

1arauli."citation needed$

Religion"edit$

Rajasthani society is a &lend3of redominantly Hinduswith si/a&le

minorities of 6uslimsand Jains. However, regardless of their religious

segments, 6uslim, Hindu, and Jain Rajasthanis mingle with each other

socially.

hai$ismand %aishna$ismis followed &y majority of the eoleA

however, haktismis followed in the for of 'havaniand her avatars are

eBually worshied throughout Rajasthan.">4$&atsare mostly Hindus and

5ikhs. 6eenas of Rajasthan till date strongly follow -edic culturewhich

usually includes worshi of 'hainroon(5hiva) and Krishnaas well as

the (urga.">>$TheRajputsgenerally worshi the 5un, =ord 5hiva, =ord

-ishnu, and 'havani(Goddess (urga).">#$The Gurjarsworshi the 5un

God, God ?evnarayan, =ord -ishnu, =ord 5hiva, and Goddess 'havani.">$

">$">2$Historically, the Gurjars were 5un3worshiers and are descri&ed as

devoted to the feet of the 5un3god. ">2$6arathi'haktimovement &y

6ahanu&&avis and -irakarianthis of 6aharashtra had immense influenceon the develoment of Rajasthani 'haktimovement.">:$6eera&ai()was an imortant figure during Rajasthani 'haktimovement.

Rajasthani 6uslims are redominantly 5unnis. They are mainly 6eo,

6irasi, Caimkhani, 6anganiar, 6uslim Ranghar, 6erat, 5indhi35iahi,

Rath, and 9athans.">;$0ith the introduction of slam, many community

mem&ers converted to slam, &ut still maintained many of their earliertraditions. They share lot of socio3ritual elements. Rajasthani 6uslim

communities, after their conversion, continued to follow re3conversion

ractices (Rajasthani rituals and customs) which is not the case in other

arts of the country. This e%hi&its the strong cultural identity of Rajasthani

eole as oosed to religious identity.">


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5ome other religions are also revalent such

as 'uddhism, hristianity, 9arsireligion, etc.">#$Ever time, there has &een

an increase in the num&er of followers of 5ikh religion.">#$Though 'uddhismemerged as a major religion during #>3>


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of Rajasthanand Gujarat)."#$"#2$5ome scholars &elieve, Gurjarsguarded

the entire *orthern and 0estern ndiaagainst foreign invasion until the end

of tenth century and thus came to known aspratiharas(rotectors)."#:$9raiseful references can &e found in +ra& chronicles a&out

administration and might of these Gurjars."#;$

Rajuts(, Rjp*ts) are well known warrior eole of Rajasthan.Rajuts !are considered to &e the &est soldiers in ndia!. "#.";$This +ct was reealed in >@2# &y Government of

ndia."$5ahariyas, the jungle dwellers, who are &elieved to &e of 'hil
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origin, inha&it the areas of 1ota, ?ungarur and 5awai 6adhour in the

southeast of Rajasthan. Their main occuations include working as shifting

cultivators, hunters and fishermen."$t is said

that6arwariand Gujaratihas evolved from this Gurjar 'hakhalater."#$The

language was used as a literary language as early as >#th century.

9oet 'hojahas referred to Gaurjar Apabhramshain >4> +?.">$ormal

grammar of Rajasthani was written &y Jain monk and eminent scholarHemachandra 5uri in the reign of 5olankiking 5iddharaj Jayasinh of

+nhilwara (9atan). Rajasthani was recogni/ed &y the 5tate +ssem&ly as an

official ndian language in #44. Recognition is still ending from the

government of ndia."$

irst mention of Rajasthani literature comes from a well known

work Kuvalayamala, inscri&ed c. ;;< in the town of Jalor in south3

eastern 6arwar&y Jain 6uni 8dyotan 5uri. 6uni 8dyotan referred it

as Maru 'hashaor Maru %ani. 6odern Rajasthani literature &egan with the

works of Suryamal Misrama."$His most imortant works are the %amsa'haskaraand the %ira satsa9. The %ira satsa9is a collection of coulets

dealing with historical heroes. Two other imortant oets in this traditional

style are 'akhta$ara &iand Ka$iraja Muraridana. +art from academic

literature, there e%ists folk literature as well. olk literature consists of

&allads, songs, rover&s, folk tales, and anegyrics. The heroic and ethical
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oetry were the two major comonents of Rajasthani literature throughout

its history. The develoment of Rajasthani literature, as well

as$irka$ya(heroic oetry), from the (ingallanguage took form during the

early formation of medieval social and olitical esta&lishments in

Rajasthan. Maharaja +hatur ingh(>@#@) was a devotional oetfrom 6ewar. His contri&utions were oetry style that was essentially a

&ardic tradition in nature. +nother imortant oet was :inglajdan

Ka$iya(>I>@44 +? ,he )arly ;eriod

>44 to >


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Traditionally men wear dhotis, kurta, andpaggaror safa(kind

of tur&anheadgear). Traditional +hudidar payjama(uckered trousers)

freBuently relaces dhotiin different regions. 0omen wear ghagra(long

skirt) and kanchli(to). However, dress style changes with lengths and

&reaths of vast Rajasthan. (hotiis worn in different ways in 6arwar(Jodhur area) or 5hekhawati (Jaiur area) or Hadoti ('undi area).

5imilarly, there are a few differences &etweenpaggarand safadesite &oth

&eing Rajasthanl headgear. 6ewar has the tradition ofpaggar, whereas

6arwar has the tradition of safa.

Traditional Rajasthani Jewelry

Rajasthan is also famous for its ama/ing ornaments. rom ancient times,

Rajasthani eole have &een wearing jewelry of various metals and

materials. Traditionally, women wore Gems3

studded goldand silverornaments. Historically, silver or gold ornaments

were used for interior decoration stitched on curtains, seat cushions,

handy3crafts, etc. 0ealthy Rajasthanis used Gems3

studded goldand silveron swords, shields, knives, istols, cannon, doors,

thrones, etc., which reflects the imortance of ornaments in lives of

Rajasthanis.";$

Cuisine"edit$

Rich Rajasthani culturereflects in the tradition of hositality which is one of

its own kind. Rajasthan region varies from arid desert districts to the

greener eastern areas. -arying degree of geograhy has resulted in a rich

cuisine involving &oth vegetarian and non vegetarian dishes. Rajasthani

food is characteri/ed &y the use of Jowar, 'ajri, legumes and lentils, its

distinct aroma and flavor achieved &y the &lending of sices including curry

leaves, tamarind, coriander, ginger, garlic, chili, eer, cinnamon,cloves, cardamom,cumin, and rosewater.

The major cros of Rajasthan arejowar, &ajra, mai/e, ragi, rice, wheat,

&arely, gram, tur, ulses, ground nut, sesamum, etc. 6illets, lentils, and

&eans are the most &asic ingredients in food.
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The majority of Hindu and Jain Rajasthanis are vegetarian. Rajasthani

Jains do not eat after sundown, and their food does not contain garlic and

onions. Rajuts are usually meat eaters. Fating &eef is and was a ta&oo. "


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Rajasthani 6usic has a diverse collection of musicians. 6ajor schools of

music includes 8daiur, Jodhur, and Jaiur. Jaiur is a major Gharanas

which is well known for its reverence for rare ragas. &aipur0Atrauli

Gharanais associated withAlladiya Khan(>@), who was among

the great singers of the late >@th and early #4th century.+lladiya 1hanwastrained &oth in (hrupadand Khyal styles, though his ancestors were

?hruad singers."24$The most distinguishing feature of Jaiur Gharanais its

comle% and lilting melodic form.

Main article!Art of Rajasthan

Rajasthani paintings"edit$

The colorful tradition of Rajasthani eole reflects in art of aintings as

well. This ainting style is called Maru-Gurjar painting. t throws light on

the royal heritage of ancient Rajasthan. 8nder the Royal atronage,various styles of aintings develoed, cultivated, and racticed in

Rajasthan, and ainting styles reached their innacle of glory &y >2th to

>;th centuries. The major ainting styles arephad paintings, miniature

paintings, kajali paintings, gemstone paintings, etc. There is incredi&le

diversity and imaginative creativity found in Rajasthani aintings. 6ajor

schools of art are Mewar, Marwar, Kishangarh, 'undi, Kota, &aipur,

andAlwar.

Development of Maru-Gurjar painting"2>$

0estern ndian ainting style 3 ;44 +?

6ewar Jain ainting style 3 >#24 +?

'lend of 5ultanate 6aru3Gurjar ainting style 3 >224 +?

6ewar, 6arwar, ?hundar, and Harothi styles 3 >2


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?ev 5omnath Temle

The rich tradition of Rajasthanis also reflect in the architecture. Mru-

Gurjara temple architecture, which originated somewhere in si%th century

in and around areas of Rajasthan. 6ru3Gurjara architecture shows the

dee understanding of structures and refined skills of Rajasthani craftmen

of &ygone era. 6ru3Gurjara architecture has two rominent styles7Maha-

Maruand Maru-Gurjara. +ccording to M. A. (haky, Maha0Marustyle

develoed rimarily in Marudesa,apadalaksa, urasena, and arts

of


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Main article! Marwaris

rade and !usiness"edit$

Historically, Rajasthani&usiness community (famouslycalled Marwaris, Rajasthani! ) conducted &usiness successfullythroughout ndia and outside of ndia. Their &usiness was organi/ed around

the !joint3family system!, in which the grandfather, father, sons, their sons,

and other family mem&ers or close relatives worked together and shared

resonsi&ilities of &usiness work.":4$The success of Rajasthanis in

&usiness, that too outside of Rajasthan, is the outcome of feeling of

oneness within the community."citation needed$Rajasthanistend to hel

community mem&ers, and this strengthens the kinshi &ondage, oneness,

and trust within community. +nother fact is that they have the a&ility to

adat to the region they migrate. They assimilate with others so well and

resect the regional culture, customs, and eole. ":>$t is a rare and most

revered Buality for any successful &usinessman. Today, they are among the

major &usiness classes in ndia. The term Marwarihas come to mean a

canny &usinessman from the 5tate of Rajasthan (and also Gujarat). The

'achhawats, 'irlas, Goenkas, 'ajajs, Ruias, 9iramels and 5inghanias are

among the to &usiness grous of ndia. They are the famous marwaris

from Rajasthan.":#$

Diaspora"edit$

The 6arwarigrou of Rajasthanis have a su&stantial diasora throughoutndia, where they have &een esta&lished as traders. ":$6arwari migration to

the rest of ndia is essentially a movement in search of oortunities for

trade and commerce. n most cases, Rajasthanis migrate to other laces

as traders.":$

Maharashtra"edit$

n 6aharashtra(an ancient Maratha(esh), Rajasthanis are mainly

merchants and own large to medium si/e &usiness

houses. 6aheshwarisare mainly Hindus (some are also Jains), whomigrated from Rjputnain the olden days. They usually worshi all Gods

and Goddesses along with their village deities. ":2$

Images"edit$
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwarishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajasthani_people&action=edit&section=14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_people#cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_people#cite_note-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_people#cite_note-62http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajasthani_people&action=edit&section=15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwarishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_people#cite_note-63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_people#cite_note-64http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajasthani_people&action=edit&section=16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desh,_Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maheshwarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_people#cite_note-65http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajasthani_people&action=edit&section=17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwarishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajasthani_people&action=edit&section=14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_people#cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_people#cite_note-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_people#cite_note-62http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajasthani_people&action=edit&section=15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwarishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_people#cite_note-63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_people#cite_note-64http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajasthani_people&action=edit&section=16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desh,_Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maheshwarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_people#cite_note-65http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajasthani_people&action=edit&section=17


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The 8maid 'hawan 9alaceis one of the largest royal alaces in the world.

arved elehants on the walls of Jagdish Temle that was &uilt &y

6aharana Jagat 5ingh st in >:2> +.?.

The region surrounding +ravalli hills near Rantham&ore, Rajasthan, ndia.

?etailed stone work, 1arni 6ata Temle, 'ikaner Rajasthan.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umaid_Bhawan_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umaid_Bhawan_Palace


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6ar&le stone work, Jaisalmer Jain Temle, Rajasthan.

5eated Ganesha, sandstone sculture from Rajasthan, ndia, @th

century, Honolulu +cademy of +rts.

Mellow sandstone sculture of a standing deity, >>th century F,Rajasthan.

+rmor coat, >24, Rajasthan.


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'ani Thani ainting, Rajasthan.

amel ride in sand dunes, Thar desert,Jaisalmer.

See also"edit$
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaisalmerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajasthani_people&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaisalmerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajasthani_people&action=edit&section=18

Documents

Rajasthan Info