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Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo amÁ`mVrb R>moH$ nmÊ`mMo Xa R>adÊ`mMr à{H«$`m gwê$Ho$br Amho. Á`mà_mUo drO {Z`m_H$ Am`moJm_m\©$V drOoÀ`m XamMr {ZpíMVr d {Z`_ZHo$bo OmVo Ë`mMà_mUo ObjoÌmV R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVr d {Z`_ZmMo H$m © Ob {Z`_Zàm{YH$aUm_m\©$V Ho$bo OmUma Amho. bmoH$m§À`m Ñï>rZo nmÊ`mMo _hÎd bjmV KoVm `mà{H«$ oMo _hmamï´>mda \$ma XyaJm_r Am{U ì`mnH$ n[aUm_ hmoVrb, Ago {XgVo. VgoM^maVmVrb BVa amÁ`m§À`m Ñï>rZohr hr à{H«$`m EH$ CXmhaU åhUyZ _hÎdmMr R>aUma Amho.R>moH$ nmÊ`mMo Xa R>adÊ`mMm Omo àñVmd {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmV\}$ _m§S>Ê`mV Ambm Amho,Ë`m_wio nmÊ`mMo Xa _moR>çm à_mUmV dmT>Vrb. `m dmT>rd Xam§Mm \$Q>H$m eoVH$ar, J«m_rUAm{U ehar ^mJmVrb Jar~ dJ© `m§Zm Vrd«VoZo OmUdob. nmÊ`mMo Z nadS>Umao Xa Am{UnmUrnÅ>r âbr Zmhr Va X§S>mMr VaVyX `m_wio d§{MV KQ>H$m§À`m gr_mÝVrH$aUmV ânS>ob. nmÊ`mMo R>moH$ Xa R>adÊ`mgmR>r Oo {d{Z`_ (ao½ wboeÝg) ~Zdbo OmVrb, Ë`m§MmCn`moJ Ho$di `mM dfu Zìho, Va ^{dî`mVhr Ho$bm OmB©b. Ë`m_wio `m {d{Z`_m§MoXrK©H$mbrZ n[aUm_ hmoVrb, ho bjmV ¿`m`bm hdo.

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1. _hmamï>mÀ`m Ob joÌmVrb gwYmaUm1. _hmamï>mÀ`m Ob joÌmVrb gwYmaUm1. _hmamï>mÀ`m Ob joÌmVrb gwYmaUm1. _hmamï>mÀ`m Ob joÌmVrb gwYmaUm1. _hmamï>mÀ`m Ob joÌmVrb gwYmaUm

_hmamï´>mÀ`m Ob joÌmV KS>Umao ~Xb_hmamï´>mÀ`m Ob joÌmV KS>Umao ~Xb_hmamï´>mÀ`m Ob joÌmV KS>Umao ~Xb_hmamï´>mÀ`m Ob joÌmV KS>Umao ~Xb_hmamï´>mÀ`m Ob joÌmV KS>Umao ~Xb

_hmamîQ´>mÀ`m Am{U ^maVmÀ`m Ob joÌmV _yb yV ~Xb KS>dbo OmV AmhoV.Am§Vaamï´>r` {dÎmr` g§ñWm§À`m gH«$s` _XV Am{U _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr ^maVmVrb {d{dYamÁ`mVrb Ob joÌmV ‘gwYmaUm’ ([a\$m°åg©) KS>dÊ`mMr à{H«$`m gwê$ Amho. `m‘gwYmaUm§’Mm g§~§Y CXmarH$aU-OmJ{VH$sH$aU-ImOJrH$aUmÀ`m YmoaUm§er AgyZË`mÛmao Ob joÌmMr g§nyU© nwZa©MZm H$aÊ`mV oV Amho. _hmamï´> amÁ`mZo Ob joÌmV‘gwYmaUm’ am~dÊ`mV AmKmS>r KoVbr AgyZ YmoaUmË_H$, H$m`Xoera Am{U g§ñWmË_H$~Xb Ob joÌmV KS>dbo OmV AmhoV. Ob joÌmgmR>r ‘ñdm`Îm {Z`m_H$ §ÌUm’ (B§{S>n|S>§Q>ao½ wboQ>ar EOÝgr) ñWmnZ H$aUmao _hmamï´> ho ^maVmVrb n{hbo amÁ` R>abo Amho.^maVmÀ`m `moOZm Am`moJmZo AH$amì`m n§Mdm{f©H$ `moOZogmR>r Zo_boë`m VÁk g{_VrZo_hmamï´>mVrb Ob {Z`m_H$ §ÌUoÀ`m _m°S>obà_mUo BVa amÁ`mVhr Ob joÌmgmR>r {Z`m_H$§ÌUm ñWmnZ Ho$br OmÊ`mMr JaO ì`º$ Ho$br Amho. Ë`m_wio _hmamï´>mÀ`m Ob joÌmV

KS>Umao ~Xb BVa amÁ`m§gmR>rhr A{Ve` _hÎdmMo R>aVrb Ago {XgVo.

_hmamï´> emgZmZo 2003 gmbr ‘amÁ` Ob ZrVr’ V`ma Ho$br. `m Ob ZrVrZo_hmamîQ´>mÀ`m Ob joÌmV Am_ybmJ« ~Xb KS>dy eH$Vrb Aer AZoH$ VÎdo ñdrH$mabr.1

ObjoÌmV amÁ`g§ñWm Am{U nmUr dmnaUmao `m§À`m y{_Ho$Mr nwZa©MZm H$aUo, ZdrZg§ñWmË_H$ aMZm {Z_m©U H$aUo, Am{U H$ma^mamMo {dH|$ÐrH$aU H$aUo `m VÎdm§Mm Ë`m_Ü og_mdoe Amho. VgoM nmÊ`mÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmV ImOJr joÌmÀ`m gh^mJmda â XoÊ`mMrJaO Ob ZrVr_Ü o _m§S>br Amho.

_hmamï´> emgZmZo 2005 gmbr OmJ{VH$ ~±Ho$H$Sy>Z 1400 H$moQ>r ê$n`m§Mr _XVKoD$Z '_hmamï´> ObjoÌ gwYmaUm àH$ën' am~dÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$br. `m àH$ënm_wio ObjoÌmÀ`m nwZa©MZobm _hmamï´>mV doJ Ambm AgyZ 2005 gmbr XmoZ _hÎdmMo H$m`Xo _hmamï´>emgZmZo g§_V Ho$bo. ho XmoÝhr H$m`Xo - _hmamï´> Obg§nÎmr {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU A{Y{Z`_2005 Am{U _hmamï´> qgMZ ì`dñWoMo eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z ì`dñWmnZ A{Y{Z`_ 2005 -Ob joÌmÀ`m nwZa©MZoÀ`m ÑîQ>rZo A{Ve` _hÎdmMo AmhoV. `m H$m`Úm§Mr A§_b~OmdUr_hmamï´>mV gwê$ Pmbr AgyZ Ë`m_wio Oo {d{dY ~Xb KS>V AmhoV, Ë`m§Mo gImob {díbofU

hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. gXa nwpñVHo$V Ob Xa R>adÊ`mgmR>r Or ZdrZ à{H«$`m _hmamï´>mVgwê$ Pmbr Amho, {VMo {ddoMZ Ho$bo Amho. Ob Xa R>adÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$ oÀ`m ImobmV{eaÊ`mAmYr Á`m §ÌUoZo hr à{H«$`m gwê$ Ho$br Amho, Ë`m §ÌUoMr WmoS>Š`mV AmoiIH$ê$Z KoD$`mV.

_hmamï´> Obg§nÎmr {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU _hmamï´> Obg§nÎmr {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU _hmamï´> Obg§nÎmr {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU _hmamï´> Obg§nÎmr {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU _hmamï´> Obg§nÎmr {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU (_hmamï´> dm°Q>a [agmog}g ao½`wboQ>ar A°Wm°[aQ>r)

_hmamï—> Obg§nÎmr {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU (_.O.{Z.àm.) A{Y{Z`_ 2005 `mH$m`ÚmZo ‘_hmamï—> Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU’ ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. gXa H$m`ÚmZwgmaOb {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUm_Ü o EH$ AÜ`j Am{U XmoZ gXñ` Aem VrZ bmoH$m§Mm g_mdoeAgyZ Ë`m§Zm {ZU© KoÊ`mMm h¸$ Amho. {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmÀ`m gXñ`m§Mm H$m ©H$mb VrZdfmªMm Amho. {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmMr Zo_UyH$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r d[að> emgH$s` A{YH$mè`m§MrEH$ g{_Vr Zo_Ê`mV Ambr AgyZ m g{_VrÀ`m {e\$magrda {dMma H$ê$Z àm{YH$aUmMrZo_UyH$ H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma amÁ`nmbm§Mm Amho. _.O.{Z.àm. H$m`ÚmZo {Z`_Zàm{YH$aUmH$S>o àm_w»`mZo nmUr dmQ>n R>adUo (nmÊ`mMr h¸$Xmar R>adUo), nmÊ`mgmR>r XaàUmbr (Q>°[a\$ {gpñQ>_) R>adUo, Ob joÌmV {ddmX {ZdmaU §ÌUm åhUyZ H$m_ H$aUoAm{U Obg§nÎmr àH$ënm§Zm _§Owar XoUo `m _hÎdmÀ`m O~m~Xmar gmondboë`m AmhoV.WmoS>Š`mV, Ob joÌmVrb gd© _hÎdmMo {ZU© AmVm àm{YH$aUmÀ`m A{YH$mam_Ü og_m{dï> AmhoV. `m H$m`ÚmZwgma, ‘EH$mË_rH¥$V amÁ` Obg§nÎmr AmamIS>m’ (B§{Q>J«oQ>oS>ñQ>oQ> dm°Q>a ßb°Z) V`ma H$aUo Ano{jV Amho. ^{dî`mVrb Obg§nÎmr àH$ën `mAmamIS>>çmbm AZwgê$Z AgVrb VaM Ë`m§Zm g§_Vr XoÊ`mMo A{YH$ma {Z`_Zàm{YH$aUmbm {Xbobo AmhoV.

_.O.{Z.àm. H$m`Úm_Ü o àW_M nmÊ`mMm h¸$ R>adÊ`mMr VaVyX Ho$br Amho.nmÊ`mMo h¸$ {ZpíMV H$aÊ`m~amo~aM nmÊ`mMr IaoXr-{dH«$s H$aUo eŠ` hmoB©b AerhrVaVyX H$m`ÚmV Ho$bobr Amho. `m H$m`ÚmVrb VaVwXr nmhVm, ^{dî`mV nmÊ`mMr~mOmanoR> V`ma H$aÊ`mMr {Xem ñnï> {XgVo.

_hmamï´> Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmÀ`m H$m_H$mOmMr gÚ:pñWVr_hmamï´> Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmÀ`m H$m_H$mOmMr gÚ:pñWVr_hmamï´> Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmÀ`m H$m_H$mOmMr gÚ:pñWVr_hmamï´> Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmÀ`m H$m_H$mOmMr gÚ:pñWVr_hmamï´> Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmÀ`m H$m_H$mOmMr gÚ:pñWVr

§ Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmda AÜ`j åhUyZ lr. A{OV qZ~miH$a (godm{Zd¥Îm _w»`g{Md) Am{U gXñ` åhUyZ lr. E. Ho$. S>r. OmYd (Obg§nXm AW©ì`dñWm VÁk)Am{U lr. E. eoIa (Obg§nXm A{^`m§{ÌH$s VÁk) `m§Mr Zo_UyH$ Pmbr Amho.

1 _hmamï´> amÁ` Ob ZrVr www.mwrra.org `m g§Ho$VñWimda CnbãY Amho.

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_hmamï´>mVrb nmM ZXr Imoè`mVyZ àË oH$s EH$ VÁk ì`º$s àm{YH$aUmbm YmoaUmË_H$~m~tda {ZU© KoVmZm gmhmæ` H$aÊ`mgmR>r Am_§{ÌV Ho$bobr Amho. `m ì`º$s¨Zm_VXmZ H$aÊ`mMo dm {ZU© KoÊ`mMo A{YH$ma ZmhrV.

§ _.O.{Z.àm. H$m`ÚmV Z_yX Ho$ë`mà_mUo 'amÁ` Ob _§S>i' Am{U 'amÁ` Obn[afX' `m§Mr ñWmnZm Zmoìh|~a 2005 _Ü o H$aÊ`mV Ambr. àemgH$sÀ{YH$mè`m§Mm g_mdoe Agboë`m amÁ` Ob _§S>imZo ‘EH$mË_rH¥$V amÁ` Obg§nÎmrAmamIS>çm’Mm _gwXm V`ma H$aUo Ano{jV AmhoV. Va bmoH$à{V{ZYtMm g_mdoeAgboë`m amÁ` Ob n[afXoZo `m AmamIS²>çmbm _§Owar XoUo A{^àoV hmoVo. Ë`mZwgma_m§Oam Cn-Imoao Ob AmamIS>m V`ma H$aÊ`mMr à{H«$`m gwé$Pmbr Amho. `m AmYmaoJmoXmdar Ob Imoao AmamIS>m V`ma H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ gwê$ H$aÊ`mV oUma Amho.

§ Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo ‘nmUr h¸$Xmar’, ‘àH$ënñVar` {Z`_H$m§Mo H$V©ì`’,Am{U ‘Imoao {Zhm` Ob AmamIS>m V`ma H$aUo’, `m {df`m§da ‘Vm§{ÌH$ _mJ©X{e©H$m’(Q>opŠZH$b _°Ý wAëg) V`ma Ho$ë`m AmhoV. àm{YH$aUmda gmondboë`m {d{dYO~m~Xmè`m nma nmS>VmZm `m _mJ©X{e©H$m dmnaë`m OmVrb. H$m ©MmbZ d XoI^mb(Am°naoeZ A°ÝS> _|Q>oZÝg) `m~m~V _mJ©X{e©H$m V`ma H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ gwé Amho.

§ {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUm_m\©$V àË oH$ ZXr-Imoao A{^H$aUmgmR>r àmW{_H$ {ddmX {ZdmaUA{YH$mar {ZpíMV Ho$bo Jobo AmhoV.

§ _hmamîQ´>mV gwê$ AgUmè`m nWXeu àH$ënm§_Ü o nmÊ`mÀ`m h¸$XmarMr ì`dñWmH$m`m©pÝdV H$aÊ`mgmR>r {d{dY nmdbo CMbbr OmV AmhoV. m nWXeu àH$ënm§gmR>r{d{Z`_H$m§Mr (ao½ wboQ>g©) Zo_UyH$ H$aÊ`mV Ambr AgyZ Ë`m§À`m à{ejUmMm Q>ßnmnma nS>bm Amho.

§ H$moUË`mhr H$m`ÚmÀ`m A§_b~OmdUrgmR>r Ë`mMo {Z`_ (ê$ëg) ~ZdUo Amdí`H$AgVo. mZwgma, emgZmZo nmUr h¸$XmarMo {Z`_ ~ZdÊ`mMr à{H«$`m gwê$ Ho$br Amho.

§ H$m`ÚmZwgma ZdrZ Obg§nÎmr àH$ënm§Zm _mÝ`Vm XoÊ`mMo H$m_ {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUm-_m\©$V gwê$ Pmbo Amho.

§ R>moH$ nmÊ`mÀ`m XamgmR>r Xa àUmbr R>adÊ`mMo H$m_ àm{YH$aUmZo gwê$ Ho$bo Amho.`mgmR>r àm{YH$aUmZo EH$ Ñï>r{Z~§Y (A°àmoM nona) à{gÜX Ho$bm AgyZ Ë`m_Ü o R>moH$

nmÊ`mMo Xa R>adÊ`mgmR>r EH$ àñVmd _m§S>bm Amho. `m àñVmdmda bmoH$m§~amo~ag„m_gbVrMr à{H«$`m àm{YH$aUmZo gwê$ Ho$br Amho.

WmoS>Š`mV, Ob joÌmVrb AZoH$ _yb yV Jmoï>tda gÜ`m H$m_ gwê$ Amho. nmÊ`mÀ`mh¸$XmarMr Am¡nMm[aH$ Am{U H$m`Xoera ì`dñWm ApñVËdmV AmUUo Am{U nmÊ`mÀ`mIaoXr-{dH«$sgmR>r ì`dñWm C^r H$aUo, m ~m~tZm AmVm H$m`Xoera AmYma {_imbm Amho.ho bjmV KoVm, nmÊ`mÀ`m ImOJrH$aUmbm d ì`dgm`rH$aUmbm mnwT>o _hmamï´>mV doJ oB©bAer ^rVr Ob joÌmVrb Aä`mgH$ Am{U H$m ©H$V} `m§À`mH$Sy>Z ì`º$ Ho$br OmVo. ObjoÌmV doJdoJù`m ñVam§da ImOJrH$aUmMo Oo à`ËZ ^{dî`mV hmoVrb, Ë`m_Ü o {Z`_Zàm{YH$aU H$m` y{_H$m ~Omdob, hm àíZ `m Ñï>rZo _hÎdmMm R>aVmo. _hmamï´>mVrb Zram-XodKa YaUmÀ`m ImOJrH$aUmMm Omo à`ËZ H$aÊ`mV Ambm, Vo CXmhaU `m Ñï>rZoAä`mgÊ`mgmaIo Amho. (`m ~m~VÀ`m Vn{ebmgmR>r H¥$n`m n[a{eï> nmhmdo.)

gmam§egmam§egmam§egmam§egmam§e

_hmamîQ´> Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU hr g§ñWm `mnwT>o Ob joÌmVrb AZoH$ _hÎdmMo{ZU© KoUma Agë`m_wio {VMr y{_H$m Am{U H$m_H$mO `m§Mr gImob {M{H$Ëgm H$aUoJaOoMo Amho. {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmH$S>o Or AZoH$ _hÎdmMr H$m_o gmon{dbr AmhoV, Ë`m_Ü onmÊ`mMr Xa àUmbr R>adÊ`mÀ`m H$m_mMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. hr Xa àUmbr R>adVmZm bmoH$m§Mmgh^mJ KoVbm Omdm, Agohr H$m`ÚmV åhQ>ë`m_wio hr à{H«$`m bmoH$gh^mJmZo KS>dUo{Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmgmR>r ~§YZH$maH$ Amho. nmÊ`mMo Xa R>adÊ`mgmR>r Or à{H«$`m {Z`_Zàm{YH$aUmZo gwê$ Ho$br Amho, {VMr AmoiI `mnwT>rb ^mJmV H$ê$Z {Xbr Amho.

uuu

5 6

2. àñVm{dV Ob Xa àUmbrMr AmoiI2. àñVm{dV Ob Xa àUmbrMr AmoiI2. àñVm{dV Ob Xa àUmbrMr AmoiI2. àñVm{dV Ob Xa àUmbrMr AmoiI2. àñVm{dV Ob Xa àUmbrMr AmoiI

_hmamï> Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmH$S>oo nmÊ`mMo Xa R>adUo Am{U R>moH$ nmÊ`mÀ`m XamMràUmbr (~ëH$ dm°Q>a Q>°[a\$ {gpñQ>_) R>adUo, hr _hÎdmMr H$m_o H$m`ÚmZo gwnyV© Ho$br AmhoV.R>moH$ Ob nwadR>m åhUOo amÁèmgZmÀ`m (Obg§nXm {d^mJmÀ`m) AIË`m[aV AgboboObgmR>o d Ob àH$ënm§_YyZ {d{dY nmUr dmna JQ>m§Zm (Ogo, ZJanm{bH$m, eoVr nmUrdmna g§ñWm, _hmamï´> Am¡Úmo{JH$ {dH$mg _hm_§S>i) nmÊ`mMm KmD$H$ nwadR>m H$aUo. `mKmD$H$ nmUr nwadR>çmMo Xa åhUOo R>moH$ Ob Xa. m XamMm àË`j n[aUm_ d¡ {º$H$ nmUrnwadR>çmÀ`m Xamda åhUOoM {H$aH$moi nmUr nwadR>m Xamda hmoVmo. R>moH$ Ob XaàUmbr_Ü o R>moH$ Ob Xa R>adÊ`mgmR>r {Z`_ d AQ>r, Xa R>adÊ`mMr nÜXV, Ë`m_mJrbVÎdo `m gdmªMm g_mdoe hmoVmo.

{Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo R>moH$ Ob XamgmR>r {d{Z`_ (ao½ wboeÝg) ~ZdÊ`mMr à{H«$`mZwH$VrM gwê$ Ho$br. `mMr n{hbr nmàr åhUyZ `m {df`mda Ñï>r{Z~§Y (A°àmoM nona)V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r g„mJma Zo_Ê`mMo R>adÊ`mV Ambo. `mgmR>r OmZodmar 2008 _Ü oàm{YH$aUmZo {Z{dXm H$mT>ë`m Am{U g„mJmamgmR>r H$m ©H$jmË_H$ AQ>r (Q>åg© Am°\$ao\$aÝg) V`ma H$aÊ`mV Amë`m. àm{YH$aUmZo H$mhr {ZdS>H$ g§ñWm§Zm `m AQ>tMm _gwXmA{^àm`mgmR>r nmR>dbm. à`mg d BVa g§ñWm§Zr `m AQ>t{df`r Amnbm A{^àm` Am{U{e\$magr àm{YH$aUmH$S>o nmR>dë`m hmoË`m.2 g„mJmamÀ`m H$m_mMm AmT>mdm KoÊ`mgmR>r^mJYmaH$m§Mr g{_Vr (ñQ>oH$hmoëS>g© H${_Q>r) Zo_Ê`mMr {e\$mag àm{YH$aUmZo _mÝ` Ho$brZmhr. _mÌ, g„mJmamÀ`m H$m_mgmR>r ‘ñQ>oO JoQ> {gpñQ>_’3 ñdrH$maÊ`mMr {e\$mag _mÝ`H$aÊ`mV Ambr. VgoM m g§~§Yr gd© Ahdmb Am{U _m{hVr _amR>rV mfm§V[aV H$aÊ`mMr{e\$maghr _mÝ` H$aÊ`mV Ambr. ‘E~rnrEg BÝ\«$mñQ´>ŠMa A°S>ìhmÒar àm`ìhoQ>{b{_Q>oS>’ `m H§$nZrMr g„mJma åhUyZ {Z wº$s `m H$m_mgmR>r H$aÊ`mV Ambr.

g„mJma H§$nZrZo V`ma Ho$bobm 'R>moH$ Ob XamMo {d{Z`_ V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>rÑï>r{Z~§Y' (Approach Paper on Developing Regulations for Bulk Water Pricing in

the State of Maharashtra) àm{YH$aUmZo {XZm§H$ 20 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 2008 amoOr Ë`m§À`m

g§Ho$VñWimda à{gÜX Ho$bm. g„mJma H§$nZrZo V`ma Ho$boë`m `m Ñï>r{Z~§YmÀ`m AmYmaoàm{YH$aUmZo ^mJYmaH$m§er {dMma{d{Z_`mMr à{H«$`m gwê$ H$aÊ`mMo R>adbo. `m à{H«$ oVyZÁ`m gyMZm Am{U {e\$magr _m§S>ë`m OmVrb Ë`mda {dMma H$ê$Z {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU R>moH$Ob XamMo {d{Z`_ {ZpíMV H$aob. `m {d{Z`_m§Zwgma ^{dî`mV Ob Xa {ZpíMV Ho$boOmVrb.

g„mJma H§$nZrZo V`ma Ho$bobm Ñï>r{Z~§YmV 10 àH$aUo (n¥ð>g§»`m 140) Am{U 7n[a{eï>o (n¥ð>g§»`m 140) AmhoV. Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb _hÎMmÀ`m ~m~tMr MMm© oWo VrZ^mJmV Ho$br Amho:

(A) R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrgmR>r àñVm{dV VÎdo, (~) R>moH$ Ob Xa {Z`_ZmMràñVm{dV Mm¡H$Q>, (H$) nwT>rb VrZ dfmªgmR>r R>moH$ Ob XamMm àñVmd.

A) R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrgmR>r àñVm{dV VÎdoA) R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrgmR>r àñVm{dV VÎdoA) R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrgmR>r àñVm{dV VÎdoA) R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrgmR>r àñVm{dV VÎdoA) R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrgmR>r àñVm{dV VÎdo

Ñï>r{Z~§Ym_Ü o R>moH$ Ob Xa nÜXV {ZpíMV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Imbrb VÎdo gwMdÊ`mVAmbr AmhoV (Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb àH$aU 6 Zwgma)…

1) _.O.{Z.àm. H$m`ÚmZwgma \$º$ H$m ©MmbZ d n[aajU (Am°naoeZ A°ÝS> _|Q>oZÝg)dgwbr AmYm[aV Ob Xa R>odmdo bmJVrb.

2) Ob XamVrb dmT> hr H$moUË`mhr nmUr dmna JQ>mbm Y¸$mXm`H$ dmQ>Umar dmT> Zgmdr.(No Tariff Shock)

3) Ob g§dY©Z d emídV ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r Oo nmUr dmnaH$V} Ob g§dY©H$ V§ÌkmZdmnaVrb Ë`m§Zm nmUrnÅ>rV H$mhr à_mUmV gyQ> Agmdr.

4) Ob Xa {Z`_Zm_Ü o nmUrnÅ>r hr nwadR>m godoMr {dídmgmh©Vm d JwUdÎmoda AmYm[aVAgmdr. _mÌ Omon ©§V H$m_{JarMo {ZH$f (Performance Benchmark) R>a{dboOmV ZmhrV d `mo½` Vr XoIaoI ì`dñWm C^r ahmV ZmhrV Vmon ªV gXa VÎdA§_bmV AmUy Z o.

5) Ob XamMr gd© VÎdo (IM© dgwbr VÎd, A§VJ©V-AZwXmZ H$nmV VÎd, d BVa) gd© nmUrdmna JQ>mbm g_mZ bmJy H$amdrV. VgoM hr VÎdo gd© nmUr nwadR>mXmam§Zm bmJy H$amdrV.

6) Ob Xa {ZpíMVr_Yrb A{ZpíMVVm (Regulatory uncertainty) H$_r H$amdr.nmUr nwadR>mXma d nmUr dmnaH$Ë`mªZm XrK©H$mbrZ ñW¡ © {Z_m©U hmoB©b Aer Xa

2 R>moH$ ObXamg§~§Yr Ñ{ï>H$moZ n{ÌH$m V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>rÀ`m H$m`©H$jmË_H$ AQ>r Am{U Ë`mda à`mgZo Ho$bobo gyMZm§Mo{ZdoXZ à`mgH$S>o CnbãY AmhoV.3 ‘ñQ>oO JoQ> {gpñQ>_’ åhUOo H$m_mMr {d^mJUr H«$_dma Q>ßß`m§_Üò H$ê$Z nyU© Pmboë`m H$m_mbm Q>ßnmdma _§Owar XoUo hmo`.`m_Üò AmYrÀ`m Q>ßß`mVrb H$m_mÀ`m Ahdmbmbm _§Owar {_imë`mZ§VaM nwT>À`m Q>ßß`mMo H$m_ gwê$ H$aVm òVo.

7 8

nÜXVr Agmdr (AdmOdr Xa dmT> Zgmdr). `mgmR>r XrK©H$mbrZ Ob Xa VÎd(Multi-Year Tariff) am~dmdo.

7) Ob Xam~m~VÀ`m {ZU© m_Ü o gmVË` hdo d Ë`m~m~V ^{dî`H$mbrZ A§XmO H$aVm`mdm (Predictability). `m_wio Jw§VdUyH$Xmam§Zm XrK©H$mbrZ {Z`moOZ AmIVm oB©bd nmUr dmna H$Ë`mªZm XamVrb dmT>r~m~V {Z`moOZ H$aVm oB©b.

8) Ob XamÀ`m gd© à{H«$ o~m~V nmaXe©H$Vm hdr.

~) R>moH$ Ob Xa {Z`_ZmMr àñVm{dV Mm¡H$Q>~) R>moH$ Ob Xa {Z`_ZmMr àñVm{dV Mm¡H$Q>~) R>moH$ Ob Xa {Z`_ZmMr àñVm{dV Mm¡H$Q>~) R>moH$ Ob Xa {Z`_ZmMr àñVm{dV Mm¡H$Q>~) R>moH$ Ob Xa {Z`_ZmMr àñVm{dV Mm¡H$Q>

Ñï>r{Z~§Ym_Ü o R>moH$ Ob Xam{df`r Oo {ddoMZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho, Ë`m_Ü oImbrb _hÎdmÀ`m Jmoï>r gwMdÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV (Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb àH$aU 7 Zwgma)…

1) R>moH$ Ob Xa H$moUË`m VÎdmda R>admdo?

R>moH$ Ob Xa R>adVmZm 'IM© dgwbr' ho àmW{_H$ VÎd Agmdo. 'ObXa âÊ`mMrj_Vm' ho VÎd dmnaë`mg H$m ©j_ nrH$ nÜXVrg àmoËgmhZ {_iUma Zmhr, VgoM hoVÎd gd© nmUr dmna àdJm©bm bmJy H$aUo H$R>rU Amho.

2) H$moUË`m IMm©Mr dgwbr Amdí`H$ Amho?

H$m ©MmbZ d n[aajUmÀ`m IMm©~amo~a m§S>dbr IMm©Mr dgwbr ìhmdr hr 'amÁ` ObZrVr' _Yrb VaVyX Xwb©jyZ MmbUma Zmhr. Ë`m_wio H$mbm§VamZo R>moH$ Xam_YyZ^m§S>dbr IMm©À`m dgwbrMmhr {dMma {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo H$amdm.

3) àH$ën, CnImoao, Imoao {Zhm` Ob XamMr nÜXV Agmdr H$m?

_.O.{Z.àm. H$m`ÚmZwgma àË oH$ ZXr Imoao d CnImoao {Zhm` Xa nÜXVr R>adUoAno{jV Amho. _mÌ, amÁ`mVrb ZXr Imoè`m§Mm {dH$mg {df_ Agë`mZo nwT>rb VrZdfm©gmR>r àm{YH$aUmZo amÁ` ñVamda Ob Xa nÜXV {ZpíMV H$amdr. nwT>rb VrZdfm©À`m H$mimV gd© ZXr Imoao _hm_§S>im§Zr CnImoao {Zhm` _m{hVr O_m H$amdr. gd©Imoao-CnImoè`m§_Yrb {dH$mg g_mZ Pmë`mg _J àm{YH$aU Imoao d CnImoao {Zhm`Xa nÜXVr Adb§~y eHo$b.

4) Ob XamgmR>r H$moUVr nÜXV dmnamdr - EHo$ar Xa nÜXV H$s Xwhoar Xa nÜXV?

àM{bV 'EHo$ar Xa nÜXVr'_Ü o (qgJb nmQ>© Q>°[a\$) nmÊ`mMm Xa nmÊ`mÀ`mdmnamda Adb§~yZ AgVmo. Va 'Xwhoar Xa nÜXVr'Zwgma (Qy> nmQ>© Q>°[a\$) nmUr

nwadÊ`mgmR>r Omo pñWa IM© ({\$ŠñS> H$m°ñQ>) oVmo, Ë`mgmR>r EH$ R>am{dH$ AmH$maXa_hm AmH$mabm OmVmo Am{U {OVHo$ nmUr dmnabo OmB©b Ë`mZwgma nmÊ`mMm XaAmH$mabm OmVmo. Xwhoar Xa nÜXVr_wio nwadR>mXmambm {H$_mZ _hgwbmMr h_r {_iVo.hm _hgyb nmÊ`mÀ`m dmnamÀ`m à_mUmda Adb§~yZ ZgVmo.

_m{hVr d AmH$S>odmarÀ`m A^mdm_wio àm{YH$aUmZo n{hë`m VrZ dfm§©gmR>r EHo$ar XanÜXV R>odmdr Va nwT>À`m H$mimV Xwhoar Xa nÜXV A§_bmV AmUmdr.

5) '~oQ>a_|Q> bodr' Agmdr H$m?

Á`m eoVH$è`m§Zm àË`j qgMZmMm bm^ {_iV Zmhr, nU nmÊ`mÀ`m {Paß`m_wio qH$dmqgMZm_wio Ë`m§À`m O{_ZrMo ^md dmT>VmV Am{U Ë`m§Zm \$m`Xm hmoVmo, AemeoVH$è`m§Zm ~oQ>a_|Q> bodr AmH$maÊ`mMr VaVyX ZXr-Imoao _hm_§S>i H$m`ÚmV Amho._mÌ, `mo½` _m{hVrA^mdr gXa bodr oË`m VrZ dfm©À`m Ob Xam§gmR>r bmJy Z H$aVmË`mZ§VaÀ`m Ob Xam§gmR>r bmJy H$amdr.

6) Ob Xa 'h§Jm_-{Zhm`' AgmdoV H$m?

gÚ:pñWVrVrb ‘h§Jm_ {Zhm`’ Ob XamMr nÜXV VerM gwé R>odmdr d H$mbm§VamZogd© Xa ho KZ_mnZ nÜXVrZo R>a{dÊ`mV `mdoV. D$g, Ho$ir `mgma»`m OmñV nmUrbmJUmè`m {nH$m§gmR>r nrH$ {Zhm` XamEodOr Q>ßß`mQ>ßß`mZo dmT>Umao (Q>o{bñH$mo{nH$)XamMo ñVa AgmdoV. {d{eï> à_mUmnojm OmñV nmUr dmnaUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Zm OmXmXamZo nmUrnÅ>r bmJy ìhmdr.

eoVrgmR>r h§Jm_r Xa bmJy Ho$ë`mg KaJwVr d Am¡Úmo{JH$ dmnamgmR>rgwÜXm ‘h§Jm_{Zhm`’ Xa AmH$maÊ`mMm {dMma H$amdm. `m_wio CÝhmù`mVrb nmUr Q>§MmB©À`mH$mimV nmÊ`mMm H$m ©j_ dmna Ho$bm OmB©b.

7) H¥$fr-hdm_mZ {Zhm` Ob Xa doJio AgmdoV H$m?

_m{hVr d `mo½` AmH$S>odmarÀ`m A^mdr gXa nÜXV A§_bmV AmUUo H$R>rU Amho.VgoM `m nÜXVr_wio Imoao {dH$mg _hm_§S>im§À`m H$m ©joÌmV ~Xb hmoB©b. Ë`m_wio‘H¥$fr-hdm_mZ VËdm’da Ob Xa AmH$mê$ Z oV.

8) nmÊ`mÀ`m H$m ©j_ dmnamgmR>r Ob XamVyZ gyQ>

{X. 31 Owb¡ 2006 À`m emgZ {ZU© mZwgma, Oo Am¡Úmo{JH$ nmUr dmnaH$V} nmÊ`mÀ`mnwZdm©namMo V§ÌkmZ dmnéZ {H$_mZ 25% nmÊ`mMm nwZdm©na H$aVrb Ë`m§Zm

9 10

nmUrnÅ>rV 10% gyQ> {_iob. _mÌ, gÜ`m nmÊ`mÀ`m nwZdm©namMr VnmgUr Z H$aVm\$º$ Mmby d _mJrb nmUr dmnamÀ`m AmYmao gyQ> {Xbr OmVo.

eoVr joÌmgmR>rhr Aem àH$maMo àmoËgmhZ XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. VgoM ZmJar ñdamÁ`g§ñWm d BVam§gmR>rhr Aem àH$maMr §ÌUm Amdí`H$ Amho.

9) àXyfUH$Ë`m©Zo qH$_V MwH$dmdr

'àXyfUH$Ë`m©Zo {H$§_V MwH$dmdr' ho VÎd _.O.{Z.àm. H$m`Úm_Ü o g_m{dï> Amho. `mVÎdmMr A§_b~OmdUr H$aVmZm X§S>mË_H$ H$madmB© EodOr àm{YH$aUmZo àmoËgmhZ(BÝg|{Q>ìh) XoÊ`mMo YmoaU am~dmdo. {d{dY àH$maMo Ob g§dY©Z V§ÌkmZ dmnaUmè`m§ZmnmUrnÅ>r_Ü o gyQ> Úmdr.

10) bmoH$g§»`m {Z §ÌUmgmR>r Cnm`

_.O.{Z.àm. H$m`ÚmZwgma XmoZnojm OmñV _wbo Agboë`m eoVH$è`m§Zm qgMZmMo nmUr{_i{dÊ`mgmR>r XrS>nQ> nmUrnÅ>r AmH$maÊ`mMr VaVyX Amho. `m VaVwXrMrA§_b~OmdUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r {d{dY emgH$s` {d^mJm§_Ü o g_Ýd` JaOoMm Amho. `mg_Ýd`mA^mdr gXa VaVyX am~{dUo H$R>rU Amho.

11) KZ_mnZ nÜXVrZo nmUr nwadR>m d Xa

Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo KZ_mnZ VÎdmda R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMV H$amdoV. `mXam§À`m AmYmao àË oH$ nrH$mgmR>r joÌ\$i AmYm[aV Ob Xa {ZpíMV H$aÊ`mMo H$m_amÁ` emgZmg H$aVm oB©b. Cngm-qgMZmMm dmT>rd IM© bjmV KoVm Ë`m§Mo ObXa OmñV AgmdoV.

12) nmUr dmna g§ñWm§À`m gXñ`m§Zm nmUrnÅ>r AmH$maUrMm h¸$

gXa h¸$ nmUr dmna g§ñWm§Zm Agë`m_wio d Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmg `m~m~VA{YH$ma Zgë`m_wio gXa ~m~ àm{YH$aUmÀ`m AIË`marV oV ZmhrV.

13) nmUr dmnabo Zmhr Varhr {H$_mZ nmUrnÅ>r

_hgybmV gmVË` amIÊ`mgmR>r nmUr CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVm Ambo Zmhr, VarnmÊ`mgmR>r {H$_mZ Xa AmH$mabm Omdm. _hmamîQ´> qgMZ H$m`ÚmZwgma, d¡ {º$H$eoVH$è`m§gmR>r {H$_mZ nmUrnÅ>r gmYmaU nmUrnÅ>rÀ`m 50% BVH$s Agmdr. ZdrZH$m ÚmZwgma, nmUr dmna g§ñWm§gmR>r {H$_mZ nmUrnÅ>r {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUm_m\©$V {ZpíMVHo$br OmB©b d Vr Ë m h§Jm_mÀ m _mJrb VrZ dfm©§À m gamgar nmUrnÅ>rÀ m 50% Agob.

14) nmPa/{Panm d JiVrÀ`m nmÊ`mgmR>r Xa AmH$maUr

gXa Xa AmH$maUr d¡ {º$H$ eoVH$è`m§gmR>r _hmamîQ´> qgMZ H$m`ÚmZwgma Agob._mÌ nmUr dmna g§ñWm§Zm yOb d H$mbì`mÀ`m nmÊ`mMm g§ wº$ Cn`moJ (H§$O§pŠQ>dwO) H$aÊ`mg ZdrZ H$m`ÚmZwgma ñdmV§Í` Amho. `mgmR>r yObmMr nmVir (dm°Q>a

Q>o~b) OmñVrV-OmñV VrZ _rQ>an ªV AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho.

15) nmUrnÅ>r âÊ`mg {db§~ Pmë`mg X§S>

_hmamï´> qgMZ H$m`ÚmZwgma WH$sV nmUr nÅ>rÀ`m OmñVrV OmñV 10% X§S>AmH$mabm OmD$ eH$Vmo.

16) nmUrnÅ>rMr WH$~mH$s O_rZ _hgwbrMr WH$~mH$s åhUyZ J«mø YaUo

gXa VaVyX {g§MZ H$m`Xm, nmUr dmna g§ñWm§Mm H$m`Xm, VgoM ZXr Imoao_hm_§S>im§À`m H$m`ÚmV Amho. Ë`m_wio {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo Ob {Z`_Z H$aVmZmgXa VaVwXrMm g_mdoe H$amdm.

17) ^mJYmaH$m§er g„m_gbVrMr à{H«$`m

^mJYmaH$m§er g„m_gbVrMr à{H«$`m KS>dUo _.O.{Z.àm. H$m`Xm Am{U amï´>r` ObYmoaUmZwgma Amdí`H$ Amho. m à{H«$ oMo Vnerb ‘H$m_H$mO àMmbZ {d{Z`_m’_Ü o(gr~rAma) ÚmdoV. VgoM R>moH$ Ob Xa {Z`_Zm§Zm A§{V_ ê$n XoÊ`mAmYr ho {Z`_ZbmoH$m§À`m g„m_gbVrgmR>r àH$m{eV H$amdoV.

18) Ob Xa {ZpíMVrMr à{H«$`m

BVa amï´>m§Vrb Aä`mgmdéZ bjmV oVo H$s nmUr nwadR>mXma Ob {Z`m_H$ g§ñWoH$S>o

Ob Xa {ZpíMVrgmR>r `m{MH$m XmIb H$aVmV d Ë`m AmYmao g„m_gbV d BVaà{H«$`m gwé hmoVo. Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo gwÜXm hr nÜXV Adb§~mdr d ñdV:hÿZXa R>adÊ`mMr nÕV (suo-moto) Ho$di AndmX åhUyZ dmnamdr.

(((((H$) nwT>rb VrZ dfmªgmR>r R>moH$ Ob XamMm àñVmdH$) nwT>rb VrZ dfmªgmR>r R>moH$ Ob XamMm àñVmdH$) nwT>rb VrZ dfmªgmR>r R>moH$ Ob XamMm àñVmdH$) nwT>rb VrZ dfmªgmR>r R>moH$ Ob XamMm àñVmdH$) nwT>rb VrZ dfmªgmR>r R>moH$ Ob XamMm àñVmd

Ñï>r{Z~§Ym_Ü o nwT>rb VrZ dfmªgmR>r (gZ 2009, 2010, 2011 gmR>r)R>moH$ ObXa H$go R>adbo OmdoV, `mMm EH$ àñVmd gmXa Ho$bobm Amho. `m àñVmdm_Ü o Ob Xa{ZpíMV H$aÊ`mgmR>r nwT>rb nmM Q>ßß`m§Mm Adb§~ H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho (Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrbàH$aU 9 d 10 Zwgma)…

1. nwT>rb VrZ dfm§©gmR>r H$m ©MmbZ d n[aajUmMm IM© {H$Vr oUma Vo R>adUo.

11 12

Ë`mgmR>r XoI^mb XwéñVrÀ`m (_|Q>oZÝg A°ÝS> [anoA[a¨J) IMm©Mm A§XmO H$mT>Uo dAmñWmnZm (EñQ>°pãbe_|Q>) IMm©Mm A§XmO H$mT>Uo.

2. nwT>rb VrZ dfm©Vrb Amdí`H$ _hgyb {H$Vr, ho R>adUo. (Amdí`H$ _hgyb =XoI^mb XwéñVr + AmñWmnZm IMm©Mm A§XmO)

3. Amdí`H$ _hgybmV CÚmoJ, eoVr, d KaJwVr dmna `m VrZ àdJmªMm dmQ>m {H$Vr,H$moUË`m àdJm©H$Sy>Z {H$Vr _hgyb {_imdm, ho R>adUo.

4. nwT>rb VrZ dfm©gmR>r àË oH$ àdJm©Mm nmÊ`mÀ`m dmnamMm A§XmO H$mT>Uo.

5. àË oH$ àdJm©gmR>r R>moH$ Ob Xa KZ_mnZ nÜXVrZo {ZpíMV H$aUo. (R>moH$ Ob Xa =

gXa àdJm©H$Sy>Z {_idm`Mm _hgyb ÷ gXa àdJm©Mm EHy$U nmUr dmna)

`m nmM Qßß`m§_Ü o g„mJma H§$nZrZo R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrMr à{H«$`m nyU© Ho$br. mà{H«$ o_Ü o _m§S>bobr AmH$S>odmar Am{U Ë`mAmYmao V`ma Ho$bobm R>moH$ Ob XamMm àñVmdnwT>rbà_mUo:

1)1)1)1)1) IMm©Mm d Amdí`H$ _hgybmMm A§XmOIMm©Mm d Amdí`H$ _hgybmMm A§XmOIMm©Mm d Amdí`H$ _hgybmMm A§XmOIMm©Mm d Amdí`H$ _hgybmMm A§XmOIMm©Mm d Amdí`H$ _hgybmMm A§XmO

Ñï>r{Z~§YmV _mJrb 5 dfmªÀ`m AmH$S>odmardê$Z nwT>rb VrZ dfmªMm A§XmO H$mT>Ê`mÀ`mnÜXVrMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. `mZwgma H$mT>bobm IMm©Mm A§XmO nwT>rbà_mUo:

Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 1: H$m`©MmbZ d n[aajUmÀ`m IMm©Mm A§XmOVº$m H«$_m§H$ 1: H$m`©MmbZ d n[aajUmÀ`m IMm©Mm A§XmOVº$m H«$_m§H$ 1: H$m`©MmbZ d n[aajUmÀ`m IMm©Mm A§XmOVº$m H«$_m§H$ 1: H$m`©MmbZ d n[aajUmÀ`m IMm©Mm A§XmOVº$m H«$_m§H$ 1: H$m`©MmbZ d n[aajUmÀ`m IMm©Mm A§XmO

A.H«$.A.H«$.A.H«$.A.H«$.A.H«$. IMm©Mm Vnerb IMm©Mm Vnerb IMm©Mm Vnerb IMm©Mm Vnerb IMm©Mm Vnerb IMm©Mm A§XmO (H$moQ>r ê$n`mV) IMm©Mm A§XmO (H$moQ>r ê$n`mV) IMm©Mm A§XmO (H$moQ>r ê$n`mV) IMm©Mm A§XmO (H$moQ>r ê$n`mV) IMm©Mm A§XmO (H$moQ>r ê$n`mV)2009-102009-102009-102009-102009-10 2010-112010-112010-112010-112010-11 2011-122011-122011-122011-122011-12

1 XoI^mb-XwéñVrMm IM© 275 325 3962 AmñWmnZm IM© 360 372 385XoI^mb-XwéñVrMm IM© +AmñWmnZm IM©XoI^mb-XwéñVrMm IM© +AmñWmnZm IM©XoI^mb-XwéñVrMm IM© +AmñWmnZm IM©XoI^mb-XwéñVrMm IM© +AmñWmnZm IM©XoI^mb-XwéñVrMm IM© +AmñWmnZm IM©= Amdí`H$ _hgyb= Amdí`H$ _hgyb= Amdí`H$ _hgyb= Amdí`H$ _hgyb= Amdí`H$ _hgyb

635635635635635 697697697697697 781781781781781

2) H$moUË`m àdJm©H$Sy>Z {H$Vr _hgyb {_imdm?2) H$moUË`m àdJm©H$Sy>Z {H$Vr _hgyb {_imdm?2) H$moUË`m àdJm©H$Sy>Z {H$Vr _hgyb {_imdm?2) H$moUË`m àdJm©H$Sy>Z {H$Vr _hgyb {_imdm?2) H$moUË`m àdJm©H$Sy>Z {H$Vr _hgyb {_imdm?

CÚmoJ, KaJwVr, d eoVr `m VrZ àdJm©_Ü o _hgybmMm dmQ>m (d Ë`m AZwf§JmZo ObXamMm dmQ>m) R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r VrZ {ZH$fm§Mm dmna H$aÊ`mV Ambm: (1) nmUr nwadR>çmMmXOm©, (2) nmUr nwadR>çmMr {dídmgmh©Vm, Am{U, (3) nmÊ`mMm Am{W©H$ Cn`moJmgmR>r

dmna. àË oH$ àdJm©bm ho {ZH$f {H$Vr à_mUmV bmJy nS>VmV ho R>adÊ`mgmR>r `m àË oH${ZH$fmbm 1 Vo 5 `m à_mUmV ^mam§H$Z (doQ>oO) XoÊ`mV Ambo. ho ^mam§H$Z XoVmZmg„mJmamMo n[apñWVrMo AmH$bZ hm _w»` KQ>H$ R>abm Amho. ‘XOm©’ `m {ZH$fmMm {dMmaH$aVmZm àË oH$ joÌmMr nmÊ`mÀ`m XOm©Mr Amdí`H$Vm bjmV KoD$Z ^mam§H$Z {Xbo Amho.amÁ` Ob ZrVr_Ü o nmUrdmQ>nmMm Omo àmYmÝ`H«$_ {Xbm Amho, - 1. KaJwVr dmna,2. CÚmoJ, Am{U 3. eoVr - Ë`mZwgma ‘{dídmgmh©Vm’ m {ZH$fmbm mam§H$Z {Xbobo Amho.‘Am{W©H$ dmna’ `m {ZH$fmMm {dMma H$aVmZm Ë`m Ë`m joÌmÀ`m Ob Xa âÊ`mÀ`mj_VoÀ`m AmYmamda ^mam§H$Z {Xbo Amho.

`m {ZH$f Am{U mam§H$ZmMm AmYma KoD$Z _hgybmMm dmQ>m nwT>rbà_mUo R>adÊ`mV Ambm Amho:

Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 2: àËòH$ àdJm©Mm _hgwbmVrb (dgybrMm) dmQ>mVº$m H«$_m§H$ 2: àËòH$ àdJm©Mm _hgwbmVrb (dgybrMm) dmQ>mVº$m H«$_m§H$ 2: àËòH$ àdJm©Mm _hgwbmVrb (dgybrMm) dmQ>mVº$m H«$_m§H$ 2: àËòH$ àdJm©Mm _hgwbmVrb (dgybrMm) dmQ>mVº$m H«$_m§H$ 2: àËòH$ àdJm©Mm _hgwbmVrb (dgybrMm) dmQ>m

àdJ©àdJ©àdJ©àdJ©àdJ© {ZH$f d ^mam§H$Z {ZH$f d ^mam§H$Z {ZH$f d ^mam§H$Z {ZH$f d ^mam§H$Z {ZH$f d ^mam§H$Z ^mam§H$ZmMr^mam§H$ZmMr^mam§H$ZmMr^mam§H$ZmMr^mam§H$ZmMr _hgybmMm_hgybmMm_hgybmMm_hgybmMm_hgybmMmXOm©XOm©XOm©XOm©XOm© {dídmgmh©Vm{dídmgmh©Vm{dídmgmh©Vm{dídmgmh©Vm{dídmgmh©Vm Am{W©H$ dmnaAm{W©H$ dmnaAm{W©H$ dmnaAm{W©H$ dmnaAm{W©H$ dmna gamgargamgargamgargamgargamgar dmQ>mdmQ>mdmQ>mdmQ>mdmQ>m

1) CÚmoJ 3 3 5 3.67 48%2) KaJwVr 2 3.5 1 2.17 28%3) eoVr 0.5 2.5 2.5 1.83 24%

darb AmH$S>odmarZwgma _hgybmMm dmQ>m d Ob Xa R>a{dë`mZ§Va Oa EImÚmàdJm©gmR>r H$_r Xa AmH$maÊ`mV Ambm Va Vo A§VJ©V AZwXmZ (H«$m°g g~{gS>r) R>aob.

3) àË oH$ àdJm©Mm ^{dî`mVrb nmÊ`mÀ`m dmnamMm A§XmO3) àË oH$ àdJm©Mm ^{dî`mVrb nmÊ`mÀ`m dmnamMm A§XmO3) àË oH$ àdJm©Mm ^{dî`mVrb nmÊ`mÀ`m dmnamMm A§XmO3) àË oH$ àdJm©Mm ^{dî`mVrb nmÊ`mÀ`m dmnamMm A§XmO3) àË oH$ àdJm©Mm ^{dî`mVrb nmÊ`mÀ`m dmnamMm A§XmO

Ñï>r{Z~§YmV àË oH$ àdJm©gmR>r nmÊ`mÀ`m dmnamMm A§XmO _mJrb nmM dfmªÀ`m nmUrdmnamÀ`m AmH$S>odmarÀ`m AmYmao H$mT>Ê`mV Ambm Amho. Ñï>r{Z~§YmV Z_yX Ho$ë`mZwgmagÚ:pñWVrV 83% nmÊ`mMm dmna eoVrgmR>r Am{U 17% KaJwVr d CÚmoJm§gmR>r hmoVmo._mJrb 5 dfm©V eoVrÀ`m nmUr dmnamVrb dmT>rMm Xa (+) 4.21%, Am¡Úmo{JH$ dmnamMm(-) 2.02%, Va KaJwVr dmnamMm (-) 0.56% BVH$m hmoVm.

Oar CÚmoJ d KaJwVr dmnamMo à_mU _mJrb 5 dfm©V H$_r Pmbobo {XgV AgboVarhr m H$mimVrb Am{W©H$ CbmT>mb ~KVm hr _m{hVr ~amo~a Zgmdr, Ago _V g„mJmaH§$nZrZo Ñï>r{Z~§YmV ì`º$ Ho$bo Amho. Ë`m_wio {Z`m_H$ àm{YH$aUmZo _m{hVrg§H$bZmgmR>r ^¸$_ ì`dñWm {Z_m©U H$amdr, Ago gwMdÊ`mV Ambo Amho.

13 14

Am{W©H$ dmT>rMm d eharH$aUmMm doJ bjmV KoVm, CÚmoJ d KaJwVr nmUr dmnamÀ`mdmT>rMm Xa 2% Va eoVrMm 4.21% J¥{hV YaÊ`mV Ambm Amho. `m J¥hrVH$mÀ`m AmYmaoàË oH$ àdJm©À`m nmÊ`mÀ`m dmnamMm A§XmO nwT>rbà_mUo Z_yX H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho.

Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 3: àË oH$ àdJm©gmR>r nmUr dmnamMm A§XmO (Xebj KZ_rQ>a - Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 3: àË oH$ àdJm©gmR>r nmUr dmnamMm A§XmO (Xebj KZ_rQ>a - Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 3: àË oH$ àdJm©gmR>r nmUr dmnamMm A§XmO (Xebj KZ_rQ>a - Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 3: àË oH$ àdJm©gmR>r nmUr dmnamMm A§XmO (Xebj KZ_rQ>a - Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 3: àË oH$ àdJm©gmR>r nmUr dmnamMm A§XmO (Xebj KZ_rQ>a - Million M3)))))

àdJ©àdJ©àdJ©àdJ©àdJ© nmUr dmnamMm A§XmO (Xebj KZ_rQ>a) nmUr dmnamMm A§XmO (Xebj KZ_rQ>a) nmUr dmnamMm A§XmO (Xebj KZ_rQ>a) nmUr dmnamMm A§XmO (Xebj KZ_rQ>a) nmUr dmnamMm A§XmO (Xebj KZ_rQ>a)2009-102009-102009-102009-102009-10 2010-112010-112010-112010-112010-11 2011-122011-122011-122011-122011-12

CÚmoJ 756 771 786KaJwVr 2743 2798 2854eoVr 18662 19448 20267

4) àË oH$ àdJm©gmR>r R>moH$ Ob Xa (KZ_mnZ nÜXVrZo) R>adUo4) àË oH$ àdJm©gmR>r R>moH$ Ob Xa (KZ_mnZ nÜXVrZo) R>adUo4) àË oH$ àdJm©gmR>r R>moH$ Ob Xa (KZ_mnZ nÜXVrZo) R>adUo4) àË oH$ àdJm©gmR>r R>moH$ Ob Xa (KZ_mnZ nÜXVrZo) R>adUo4) àË oH$ àdJm©gmR>r R>moH$ Ob Xa (KZ_mnZ nÜXVrZo) R>adUo

nwT>rb VŠË`mV àË oH$ àdJm©H$Sy>Z Amdí`H$ _hgybmn¡H$s {H$Vr _hgyb dgyb hmoUoAno{jV Amho, ho ñnï> Ho$bo Amho.

Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 4: àË oH$ àdJm©Mm _hgybmVrb (dgybrMm) dmQ>m (H$moQ>r ê$n o)Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 4: àË oH$ àdJm©Mm _hgybmVrb (dgybrMm) dmQ>m (H$moQ>r ê$n o)Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 4: àË oH$ àdJm©Mm _hgybmVrb (dgybrMm) dmQ>m (H$moQ>r ê$n o)Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 4: àË oH$ àdJm©Mm _hgybmVrb (dgybrMm) dmQ>m (H$moQ>r ê$n o)Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 4: àË oH$ àdJm©Mm _hgybmVrb (dgybrMm) dmQ>m (H$moQ>r ê$n o)

2009-102009-102009-102009-102009-10 2010-112010-112010-112010-112010-11 2011-122011-122011-122011-122011-12EHy$U Amdí`H$ _hgyb (ê$n o H$moQ>r) 635 697 781àdJ© àdJ© àdJ© àdJ© àdJ© (dgybrMr dmQ>m %) _hgybmVrb dgybrMm dmQ>m _hgybmVrb dgybrMm dmQ>m _hgybmVrb dgybrMm dmQ>m _hgybmVrb dgybrMm dmQ>m _hgybmVrb dgybrMm dmQ>mCÚmoJ (48%) 305 335 375{nÊ`mMo nmUr/KaJwVr (28%) 178 195 219eoVr (24%) 152 167 187

darb _m{hVrÀ`m AmYmao àË oH$ àdJm©gmR>r KZ_mnZ nÜXVrZo R>moH$ Ob XanwT>rbà_mUo R>adVm oVrb.

R>moH$ Ob Xa = Amdí`H$ _hgybmMm dmQ>m ÷ nmÊ`mÀ`m dmnamMm A§XmO

àË oH$ àdJm©Mm _hgwbmVrb dmQ>m ^m{Jbo Ë`m àdJm©Mm nmÊ`mÀ`m dmnamMm A§XmOAgo J{UV Ho$ë`mZ§Va Amnë`mbm Xa hOma KZ_rQ>a nmÊ`mgmR>r àË oH$ àdJm©bm {H$Vrê$n o Xa nS>ob, ho H$mT>Vm oVo.

Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 5: àË oH$ àdJm©bm Xa hOma KZ_rQ>a nmÊ`mgmR>r nS>Umam XaVº$m H«$_m§H$ 5: àË oH$ àdJm©bm Xa hOma KZ_rQ>a nmÊ`mgmR>r nS>Umam XaVº$m H«$_m§H$ 5: àË oH$ àdJm©bm Xa hOma KZ_rQ>a nmÊ`mgmR>r nS>Umam XaVº$m H«$_m§H$ 5: àË oH$ àdJm©bm Xa hOma KZ_rQ>a nmÊ`mgmR>r nS>Umam XaVº$m H«$_m§H$ 5: àË oH$ àdJm©bm Xa hOma KZ_rQ>a nmÊ`mgmR>r nS>Umam Xa àdJ© àdJ© àdJ© àdJ© àdJ© nmÊ`mMm àñVm{dV Xa nmÊ`mMm àñVm{dV Xa nmÊ`mMm àñVm{dV Xa nmÊ`mMm àñVm{dV Xa nmÊ`mMm àñVm{dV Xa (ê$nò à{V hOma KZ_rQ>a)

2009-102009-102009-102009-102009-10 2010-112010-112010-112010-112010-11 2011-122011-122011-122011-122011-12 CÚmoJ 4033 4342 4767 KaJwVr 648 698 766 eoVr 82 86 92

5) àËòH$ àdJm©À`m gamgar R>moH$ Ob XamdéZ BVa Xa {ZpíMV H$aUo5) àËòH$ àdJm©À`m gamgar R>moH$ Ob XamdéZ BVa Xa {ZpíMV H$aUo5) àËòH$ àdJm©À`m gamgar R>moH$ Ob XamdéZ BVa Xa {ZpíMV H$aUo5) àËòH$ àdJm©À`m gamgar R>moH$ Ob XamdéZ BVa Xa {ZpíMV H$aUo5) àËòH$ àdJm©À`m gamgar R>moH$ Ob XamdéZ BVa Xa {ZpíMV H$aUo

àË oH$ àdJm©À`m gamgar R>moH$ Ob Xamdê$Z BVa Xa {ZpíMV H$aÊ`mgmR>rÑï>r{Z~§YmV Imbrb Jmoï>r gwMdÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV:

1) h§Jm_ {Zhm` Xa

• gÜ`m eoVrgmR>r CÝhmir h§Jm_mV Ob Xa OmñV AmhoV. AemM àH$mao CÚmoJ Am{UKaJwVr joÌmgmR>r CÝhmù`mV Ob Xa OmñV R>odÊ`mMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho.

2) KaJwVr d CÚmoJm§Mo Cn-dJ©

• gÚ:pñWVrV ehar d J«m_rU ñdamÁ` g§ñWm nmUr ñdV: CMbVmV d Z§Va nmUrdmnamMo à_mU H$idVmV. `m EodOr Ë`m§Zm KZ_mnZ nÜXVrZo nwadR>m Ho$bm Omdm.

• ehar d J«m_rU ñdamÁ` g§ñWm§À`m ‘Ob Xa aÊ`mÀ`m j_Vm§Mm’ {dMma H$éZ {^ÞOb Xa R>admdoV.

• KaJwVr dmnamgmR>r Xa nÜXVrV {d{dY ñVa AgmdoV.

3) Ob g§dY©Z d nwZdm©namgmR>r nmUr nÅ>rV gyQ>

• g„mJmamZo Ho$bobm Aä`mg d BVa Aä`mgm§À`m AmYmao Á`m CÚmoJm§Zr àXyfU{Z §ÌU Ho$bo VgoM nmÊ`mMm nwZdm©na Ho$bm, Ë`m§Zm nmUr nÅ>rV gyQ> XoÊ`mMr Zo_H$s`moOZm AmIVm oB©b.

6) àñVm{dV R>moH$ ObXamMm n[aUm_6) àñVm{dV R>moH$ ObXamMm n[aUm_6) àñVm{dV R>moH$ ObXamMm n[aUm_6) àñVm{dV R>moH$ ObXamMm n[aUm_6) àñVm{dV R>moH$ ObXamMm n[aUm_

g„mJma H§$nZrZo gwMdboë`m àñVm{dV R>moH$ Ob Xam_wio àË oH$ àdJm©À`m_hgwbmVrb (dgybrÀ`m) dmQ>çmda nwT>rb n[aUm_ hmoB©b. (Vº$m H«$. 6 nhmdm.)

15 16

Vº$m H«$. 6: àñVm{dV R>moH$ Ob Xam_wio àË oH$ àdJm©À m _hgybmVrb dmQ>çmda hmoUmam n[aUm_Vº$m H«$. 6: àñVm{dV R>moH$ Ob Xam_wio àË oH$ àdJm©À m _hgybmVrb dmQ>çmda hmoUmam n[aUm_Vº$m H«$. 6: àñVm{dV R>moH$ Ob Xam_wio àË oH$ àdJm©À m _hgybmVrb dmQ>çmda hmoUmam n[aUm_Vº$m H«$. 6: àñVm{dV R>moH$ Ob Xam_wio àË oH$ àdJm©À m _hgybmVrb dmQ>çmda hmoUmam n[aUm_Vº$m H«$. 6: àñVm{dV R>moH$ Ob Xam_wio àË oH$ àdJm©À m _hgybmVrb dmQ>çmda hmoUmam n[aUm_

_hgybmVrb dgybrMm dmQ>m (%) _hgybmVrb dgybrMm dmQ>m (%) _hgybmVrb dgybrMm dmQ>m (%) _hgybmVrb dgybrMm dmQ>m (%) _hgybmVrb dgybrMm dmQ>m (%)

CÚmoJCÚmoJCÚmoJCÚmoJCÚmoJ KaJwVrKaJwVrKaJwVrKaJwVrKaJwVr eoVreoVreoVreoVreoVràM{bV Xamà_mUo 56.29% 23.51% 20.21%àñVm{dV Xa (2009-10) 48% 28% 24%\$aH$ (dmT>/KQ>)\$aH$ (dmT>/KQ>)\$aH$ (dmT>/KQ>)\$aH$ (dmT>/KQ>)\$aH$ (dmT>/KQ>) 14.7% KQ>14.7% KQ>14.7% KQ>14.7% KQ>14.7% KQ> 19.1% dmT>19.1% dmT>19.1% dmT>19.1% dmT>19.1% dmT> 18.8% dmT>18.8% dmT>18.8% dmT>18.8% dmT>18.8% dmT>

àñVm{dV R>moH$ Ob Xa ApñVËdmV Ambo Va àË oH$ àdJm©À`m nmUrnÅ>rVImbrbà_mUo dmT> hmoUo Ano{jV Amho.

Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 7: àËòH$ àdJm©À`m nmUrnÅ>rVrb àñVm{dV dmT>Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 7: àËòH$ àdJm©À`m nmUrnÅ>rVrb àñVm{dV dmT>Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 7: àËòH$ àdJm©À`m nmUrnÅ>rVrb àñVm{dV dmT>Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 7: àËòH$ àdJm©À`m nmUrnÅ>rVrb àñVm{dV dmT>Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 7: àËòH$ àdJm©À`m nmUrnÅ>rVrb àñVm{dV dmT>

df© df© df© df© df© nmUrnÅ>rVrb àñVm{dV dmT> (%) nmUrnÅ>rVrb àñVm{dV dmT> (%) nmUrnÅ>rVrb àñVm{dV dmT> (%) nmUrnÅ>rVrb àñVm{dV dmT> (%) nmUrnÅ>rVrb àñVm{dV dmT> (%)eoVreoVreoVreoVreoVr KaJwVrKaJwVrKaJwVrKaJwVrKaJwVr CÚmoJCÚmoJCÚmoJCÚmoJCÚmoJ

2009-10 39% 49% 5% 2010-11 5% 7% 7% 2011-12 7% 9% 9%

(gZ 2000 _Üò eoVrÀ`m Ob XamV (àdmhr qgMZ) 50% [Cngm 30%] Aer dmT>H$aÊ`mV Ambr d Ë`mZ§Va gbJ XmoZ df© 15% dmT> H$aÊ`mV Ambr. åhUOo `m H$mimV eoVrÀ`m

ObXamV Odi Odi 100% dmT> H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr.)

R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrMm ^{dî`mVrb àñVm{dV AmamIS>mR>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrMm ^{dî`mVrb àñVm{dV AmamIS>mR>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrMm ^{dî`mVrb àñVm{dV AmamIS>mR>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrMm ^{dî`mVrb àñVm{dV AmamIS>mR>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrMm ^{dî`mVrb àñVm{dV AmamIS>m

^{dî`m_Ü o R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrgmR>r CÚmoJ, eoVr, d KaJwVr `m àdJm§©Mm nmUrnwadR>çmMm IM© ñdV§ÌnUo H$mT>Ê`mV `mdm. àË oH$ àdJm©À`m IMm©Mm ^ma Ë`m-Ë`màdJm©da Q>mH$Ê`mV mdm. Aer {e\$mag Ñï>r{Z~§YmV Ho$br Amho (Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb n[aÀN>oX10.3 Zwgma). åhUOoM àË oH$ àdJm©Mm R>moH$ Ob Xa hm Ë`m àdJm©g nmUr nwadR>çmgmR>rOmo IM© Ambm Agob Ë`m AmYmao H$mT>Ê`mV `mdm.

WmoS>Š`mV, A§VJ©V AZwXmZMo (H«$m°g g~{gS>r) VÎd am~dÊ`mEodOr àË oH$ àdJm©ZoAmnmnë`m IMm©Mm ^ma CMbmdm, Ago gwMdÊ`mV Ambo Amho.


g„mJma H§$nZrZo R>moH$ Ob XamgmR>r gwMdbobm àñVmd AmnU nm{hbm. `mnwT>rbH$mimV R>moH$ Ob Xa R>adÊ`mMo H$m_ `m àñVmdmda AmYm[aV AgUma Agë`m_wio `màñVmdmMo gImob {díbofU H$aUo Am{U Ë`m§Mo g_mOmVrb {d{dY KQ>H$m§da H$m` n[aUm_hmoVrb ho nmhUo, Amdí`H$ Amho. `m àñVmdmÀ`m {díbofUmZ§Va {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmÀ`mÑ{ï>H$moZmV AZoH$ J§ ra C{Udm Agë`mMo _hmamï´>mVrb {d{dY g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm Am{UAä`mgH$ `m§À`m bjmV Ambo. gXa Ñï>r{Z~§YmMo {d{dY g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm§Zr Oo {díbofUHo$bo Amho, Ë`mMm g§{já AmT>mdm nwT>rb ^mJmV _m§S>bm Amho.

uuu

17 18

3. àñVm{dV Ob Xa àUmbrMo {díbofU3. àñVm{dV Ob Xa àUmbrMo {díbofU3. àñVm{dV Ob Xa àUmbrMo {díbofU3. àñVm{dV Ob Xa àUmbrMo {díbofU3. àñVm{dV Ob Xa àUmbrMo {díbofU

Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo R>moH$ Ob XamgmR>r {d{Z`_ ~ZdÊ`mMr à{H«$`m gZ2008 _Ü o gwê$ Ho$br. `mMm n{hbm Q>ßnm åhUyZ g„mJma H§$nZrH$Sy>Z Ñï>r{Z~§Y V`maH$adyZ KoD$Z Ë`mda g„m_gbVrMr à{H«$`m àm{YH$aUmZo gwê$ Ho$br. `m Ñï>r{Z~§Ymdê$Z{Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmMm `m {df`mH$S>o nmhÊ`mMm Ñ{ï>H$moZ ñnï> hmoVmo. g„mJma H§$nZrZoV`ma Ho$boë`m Ñï>r{Z~§YmMo {díbofU H$ê$Z Ë`mda A{^àm` d gyMZm XoÊ`mMo H$m__hmamï´>mVrb AZoH$ g§ñWm, g§KQ>Zm, Am{U ì`º$s m§Zr Ho$bo. Ñï>r{Z~§Ymdarb gd© gyMZmAm{U A{^àm` `m§Mr _yi àV www.mwrra.org `m g§Ho$VñWimda CnbãY Amho. mgyMZm Am{U A{^àm`m§_YyZ Oo {díbofU nwT>o Ambo, Ë`mVrb _hÎdmÀ`m _wX²Úm§Mr _m§S>Ur`m ^mJmV Ho$br Amho.

Ob XamÀ`m àñVm{dV Ñ{ï>H$moZmMo {díbofU H$aÊ`mÀ`m C{Ôï>mZo {X. 19 OmZodmar2009 amoOr nwÊ`m_Ü o amÁ`mVrb {d{dY ZmJar JQ>m§Mr ~¡R>H$ nma nS>br. `m ~¡R>H$sgAä`mgH$, amOH$s` Am{U gm_m{OH$ H$m ©H$V}, d nmUr dmna g§ñWm§Mo nXm{YH$marCnpñWV hmoVo. m ~¡R>H$sV gXa Ñï>r{Z~§Ymda gh^mJtZr gImob MMm© Ho$br. m MM}A§Vrgh^mJtZr `m {df`mda EH$ g§ wº$ {ZdoXZ V`ma H$ê$Z Voo Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmH$S>o{dMmamW© nmR>dbo.

`m {díbofUmZwgma, {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo R>moH$ Ob Xa V`ma H$aÊ`mMr Or à{H«$`mgwê$ Ho$br Amho, Ë`m à{H«$ oMo _hmamï´>mda \$ma XyaJm_r Am{U ì`mnH$ n[aUm_ hmoVrb.Ë`m_wio hr à{H«$`m Jm§ r ©mZo Am{U {ZXm}fnUo KS>dÊ`mMr JaO Amho. `m ÑîQ>rZo {Z`_Zàm{YH$aUmZo àH$m{eV Ho$bobm Ñï>r{Z~§Y A{Ve` gXmof Amho, {edm` MwH$sÀ`m nÜXVrZoV`ma Ho$bobm Amho Agm MM}Z§Va {ZKmbobm {ZîH$f© {ZdoXZmV _m§S>Ê`mV Ambm Amho. `mÑï>r{Z~§YmÀ`m AmYmao nwT>rb à{H«$`m KS>dUo hm{ZH$maH$ R>aUma Agë`m_wio gXaÑï>r{Z~§Y g§nyU©nUo \o$Q>miÊ`mV `mdm, Aer _mJUr g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm§À`m {ZdoXZmVH$aÊ`mV Ambr. `m {ZdoXZmVrb _wÔo àm_w»`mZo nwT>rb XmoZ ^mJm§_Ü o {d^mJbobo AmhoV:

1) R>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_ZmÀ`m àñVmdmVrb Ame`mg {damoY H$m?

2) R>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_ {ZpíMVrÀ`m à{H«$ og {damoY H$m?

1. R>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_ZmÀ`m àñVmdmVrb Ame`mg {damoY H$m?1. R>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_ZmÀ`m àñVmdmVrb Ame`mg {damoY H$m?1. R>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_ZmÀ`m àñVmdmVrb Ame`mg {damoY H$m?1. R>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_ZmÀ`m àñVmdmVrb Ame`mg {damoY H$m?1. R>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_ZmÀ`m àñVmdmVrb Ame`mg {damoY H$m?

R>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_mMm Omo àñVm{dV _gwXm {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo _m§S>bm,Ë`m_Ü o `m {df`mMm Ame` Am{U `m {df`mda àm{YH$aU KS>{dV Agbobr à{H«$`m `mXmoÝhr_Ü o AZoH$ ÌwQ>r AmhoV. `mn¡H$s Ame`mË_H$ ÌwQ>tMo {ddoMZ oWo Ho$bo Amho.

1.1 H$m`ÚmV _mÝ` Pmboë`m Ob ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m 1.1 H$m`ÚmV _mÝ` Pmboë`m Ob ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m 1.1 H$m`ÚmV _mÝ` Pmboë`m Ob ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m 1.1 H$m`ÚmV _mÝ` Pmboë`m Ob ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m 1.1 H$m`ÚmV _mÝ` Pmboë`m Ob ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m ‘g_Ý`m`rg_Ý`m`rg_Ý`m`rg_Ý`m`rg_Ý`m`r’ VÎdmMm ~moOdmam VÎdmMm ~moOdmam VÎdmMm ~moOdmam VÎdmMm ~moOdmam VÎdmMm ~moOdmam

_.O.{Z.àm. H$m`Úm_Ü o "g_Ý`m`r" d "emídV" ì`dñWmnZ m VÎdm§Zm \$º$ _hÎdMZmhr Va H$m`Xoera _mÝ`Vmhr XoÊ`mV Ambr Amho. Ë`m_wio gXa VÎdm§Mm n[anyU© d mo½` A§V^m©dR>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_ d {ZpíMVr_Ü o H$aUo A{Zdm © Amho. _mÌ Ñï>r{Z~§Ym_Ü o `m VÎdm§H$S>onyU© Xwb©j Ho$bo Jobo Amho. m_wio gXa Ñï>r{Z~§Y nyU©nUo gXmof R>aVmo d g„m_gbVrgmR>r gwÜXmAnyU© R>aVmo. Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb `m~m~VÀ`m CUrdm nwT>rbà_mUo:

1.1.11.1.11.1.11.1.11.1.1 ‘Ob Xa âÊ`mMr j_Vm’ (ability to pay) `m VÎdmMo {ddoMZ H$aVmZmg„mJmamZo gXa VÎd àË`jmV am~{dUo H$R>rU Agë`mZo Vo R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrMoàmW{_H$ VÎd åhUyZ dmnamV AmUy Z o Agm w{º$dmX Ho$bm Amho. Ë`m_wio ‘IM©-dgwbr’`m VÎdmbm àW_ ñWmZ Am{U ‘ObXa âÊ`mMr j_Vm’ `m VÎdmbm (\$º$ _hgybdmQ>nmÀ`m Q>ßß`mda) Xwæ`_ ñWmZ {Xbo Amho. dmñV{dH$ eoVr d eoVH$è`m§Mr ImbmdbobrAm{W©H$-gm_m{OH$ pñWVr, VgoM amÁ`mVrb BVa Jar~-d§{MV g_mOmMm {dMmaHo$ë`mg ‘Ob Xa âÊ`mMr j_Vm’ `m VÎdmg R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVr_Ü o gdm©V_hÎdmMo d àmW{_H$ ñWmZ {_iUo JaOoMo Amho. ‘Ob Xa aÊ`mMr j_Vm’ ho H$mhr \$º$KQ>Ë`m d¡ {º$H$ CËnÞmer g§~§{YV Zmhr Va Ë`mMm g§~§Y nmUr dmnamer {ZJS>rV BVaAZoH$ n¡by§er Amho. gXa VÎdm§Mm g§~§Y \$º$ d¡ {º$H$ CËnÞmer OmoS>Uo ho {d{dYgm_m{OH$ KQ>H$m§~m~VMr Ñï>r{Z~§YmMr g_O CWi Agë`mMo Xe©dVo.

1.1.21.1.21.1.21.1.21.1.2 ‘IM©-dgwbr’ `m VÎdmbm àmYmÝ` XoVmZm CËnmXZ joÌmVrb àJVrMm d^{dî`mVrb eoVr-àJVrÀ`m j_Vm§Mm XoIrb {dMma H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. CXmhaUmW©,eoVH$è`m§Mr ‘ObXa âÊ`mMr j_Vm’ hr eoVr joÌmVrb EµH§$Xa n[apñWVr nmhÿZ R>a{dUoAmdí`H$ Amho. `m Jmoï>r eoVr _mbmÀ`m ~mOma^mdmer d AÞ-gwa{jVVm `m _yb yVJaOoerhr OmoS>boë`m AmhoV. ‘nyU© IM©-dgwbr’ VÎd bmJy H$aVmZm ‘AmñWmnZm(EñQ>°pãbe_|Q>) IM©’ (A{^ §Ë`m§Mo/H$_©Mmè`m§Mo nJma, B_maVr, d BVa ì`dñWmnH$sÌM©) d BVa IMm©V {Z`{_V dmT> hmoV amhVo. _mÌ, Ë`mM {Z`{_VVoZo d Ë`mM à_mUmV

19 20

eoVr_mbmMo ^md dmT>V ZmhrV qH$dm J«m_rU d ehar J[a~m§Mo CËnÞ dmT>V Zmhr, hrdñVwpñWVr Amho. Ë`m_wio ‘IM©-dgwbr’ ho VÎd àmW{_H$ _mZVm oUma Zmhr. ho VÎdàmW{_H$ _mZbo Va mnwT>o nmÊ`mMo Xa ho gm_mÝ` eoVH$è`m§Zm d g_mOmVrb Jar~-d§{MVdJm©bm nadS>oZmgo hmoVrb.

1.1.31.1.31.1.31.1.31.1.3 ‘AmñWmnZm-IM©’ hm XoI^mb-XwéñVrÀ`m IMm©nojm XmoZ Vo VrZnQ> OmñVAmho, Ago _mJrb AmH$S>odmardéZ bjmV oVo. Ë`m_wio gXa IMm©V H$nmV H$aÊ`mMmAWdm H$_©Mmè`m§Mr H$m ©j_Vm dmT>dÊ`m~m~VMm Ob Xa {Z`_ZmÀ`m AZwf§JmZo gmYmC„oIhr Ñï>r{Z~§YmV Zmhr. `m IMm©Mm g§nyU© ^ma nmUrnÅ>rÛmao ZmJarH$m§ZmM CMbmdmbmJUma Amho.

1.1.41.1.41.1.41.1.41.1.4 amÁ` KQ>ZoÀ`m H$b_ 21 Zwgma OJÊ`mMm d CnOr{dHo$Mm h¸$ gdmªZm àXmZHo$bobm Agë`m_wio {H$_mZ OJÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ nmÊ`mMm h¸$ (OrdZmdí`H$ eoVr/emídV CnOr{dHo$gmR>r nmUr) d Ë`mgmR>r doJir R>moH$ Ob Xa àUmbr AgUo Amdí`H$Amho, `mH$S>o nyU© Xwb©j Ho$bo Amho.

1.1.51.1.51.1.51.1.51.1.5 R>moH$ Ob Xa ho _hÎdmÀ`m YmoaUmË_H$ CÔoem§Mr nyV©Vm H$aÊ`mMo _hÎdmMo gmYZAgy eH$Vo. ho bjmV KoVm, R>moH$ Ob Xa ho YmoaUmË_H$ C{Ôï>m§§er gwg§JV AgUoAmdí`H$ Amho. YmoaUmË_H$ C{ÔîQ> JmR>Ê`mgmR>r Am{W©H$ CnH«$_m§Zm diU XoÊ`mMo_hÎdmMo H$m © R>moH$ Ob Xa àUmbr H$é eH$Vo. _mÌ `mMm g_mdoe d gImob {ddoMZÑï>r{Z~§YmV nyU©nUo Xwb©{jV am{hbo Amho. "OrdZmdí`H$ eoVr" qH$dm "eoVr d eoVrg§b¾CnH«$_m§Ym[aV emídV CnOr{dH$m" mg àmoËgmhZ d g§ajU XoÊ`mÀ`m g§X^m©V R>moH$ ObXa àUmbr H$er Agbr nm{hOo, `m~m~VÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmMm _wimVM A^md Agë`m_wio`mgmR>r H$moUVmhr àñVmd Ñï>r{Z~§YmV Zmhr. VgoM H¥$fr-hdm_mZmMo d¡{dÜ` bjmVKoD$Z R>moH$ Ob Xa AmH$maUrMm {dMma Ñï>r{Z~§YmV nyU©nUo YyS>H$mdyZ bmdbm Amho.Ë`m_wio Vrd« d H$R>rU H¥$fr-hdm_mZmVrb eoVH$è`m§À`m (CXm. S>m|Jami ^mJ, A{Vd¥ï>r,qH$dm XwîH$mir ^mJ) AS>MUr bjmV KoD$Z Ë`m§À`mgmR>r ‘R>moH$ Ob XamMm’ g_Ý`m`r{dMma Ñï>r{Z~§YmV A{O~mV Ho$bobm Zmhr. EH§$XaM _hmamï´>mVrb ^m¡Jmo{bH$, Am{W©H$, dgm_m{OH$ d¡{dÜ` `m~m~V ÑîQ>r{Z~§YmVrb g_O AË §V OwO~r Am{U CWi Amho.Ë`m_wio Ë`mZwgmaÀ`m JaOm§H$S>o S>moioPmH$ Ho$br Jobr Amho.

1.1.61.1.61.1.61.1.61.1.6 R>moH$ Ob XamMo à_wI VÎd åhUyZ (Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb n[aÀN>oX 6.1.5) VgoMR>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrMm ^{dî`mVrb AmamIS>m _m§S>VmZm (Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb AmH¥$Vr

10.1) Ñï>r{Z~§YmV ‘A§VJ©V-AZwXmZ H$nmV’ (H«°$mg-g~{gS>r H$nmV) ho YmoaUAgë`mMo mg{dÊ`mV Ambo Amho. àË`jmV ‘Á`m§Zm nadS>Uma Zmhr Ë`m§Zm AZwXmZ’ ho VÎdamÁ` Ob ZrVr_Ü o (amÁ` Ob ZrVr, n[aÀN>oX 4.4) _m§S>bobo Amho. `m VÎdm{dê$ÜXYmoaUmË_H$ OmJm {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mMm Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb àñVmd nyU©nUo MwH$sMm R>aVmo.

1.1.71.1.71.1.71.1.71.1.7 ‘{g§MZmÀ`m nmÊ`mMm dmna Ho$bm Zmhr Varhr {H$_mZ Xa’ hr VaVyX bmJyH$aVmZm ‘g_Ý`m`r’ VÎdm§À`m A§JmZo Ñï>r{Z~§YmV A{O~mV {dMma Pmbobm Zmhr. EdT>oMZmhr Va, nmUr CnbãY H$éZ XoVm Ambo Zmhr Varhr _hgybmV gmVË` amIÊ`mgmR>r{H$_mZ Xa AmH$mamdm, Aer MwH$sMr {e\$mag Ñï>r{Z~§YmV Ho$br Amho. (Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrbn[aÀN>oX 7.16). (dmñV{dH$ nmUr CnbãY H$éZ XoVm Ambo Zmhr Va {H$_mZ Xa AmH$méZ o, Agm {ZU© Pmbobm Amho). gXa {e\$mag H$mbì`mÀ`m nwÀN>mH$S>rb (tail enders)

eoVH$è`m§gmR>r, VgoM OoWo nmUr CnbãY Zmhr Ë`m eoVH$è`m§gmR>r AÝ`m`H$maH$ R>aVo.VgoM nmUr nwadR>çmMr JwUdÎmm A{Ve` Imbmdbobr Agbr Varhr {H$_mZ Xa âUo hogwÜXm AÝ`m`H$maH$M R>aVo.

1.11.11.11.11.1 .8.8.8.8.8 g_Ý`m`mÀ`m VÎdmZwgma nmÊ`mMm VwQ>dS>m qH$dm XwîH$mimÀ`m H$mimV ‘R>moH$Ob Xam§Mm’ doJim {dMma H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. Adf©©UmMr n[apñWVr Xa H$mhr dfm©§ZrZoh_rM oV AgVo. Ë`m_wio Adf©UmMm {dMma àmg§{JH$ ZgyZ Ë`mMm Xam§~m~VÀ`m YmoaUmVg_mdoe hmoUo JaOoMo Amho. _mÌ, Ñï>r{Z~§YmV `m~m~V {dMmahr Ho$bobm Zmhr. Ë`m_wioXwîH$mir qH$dm H$moUË`mhr BVa Z¡g{J©H$ dm Am{W©H$ AmnÎmrÀ`m H$mimVhr, eoVH$è`m§Zmgd©gmYmaU n[apñWVrà_mUoM Ob Xa âmdm bmJob. hr Jmoï> _.O.{Z.àm. H$m`ÚmVrb‘g_Ý`m`r’ VÎdmÀ`m {damoYmV OmUmar Amho.

1.1.91.1.91.1.91.1.91.1.9 nmUr dmna g§ñWm§gmR>r R>moH$ (KmD$H$) Ob Xa R>adVmZm Ho$di O_rZYmaH$g^mgX Agboë`m nmUr dmna g§ñWm§MmM {dMma H$aUo `mo½` Zmhr. y{_hrZm§gh JmdmVrbgd© Hw$Qw>§~o g^mgX Agboë`m d g_Ý`m`r VÎdm§À`m AmYmao ñWmnZ Pmboë`m nmUr dmnag§ñWm§Mm doJim {dMma H$amdm. CXm. hU_§V d{S> o Jmd, Vm. H$S>oJm§d, {O. gm§Jbr; VmgJm§d-AmQ>nmS>r VmbwHo$, {O. gm§Jbr; Am{U {MH$moÌm YaU, {O. H$moëhmnya `mgma»`m ^mJm§_Ü og_Ý`m`r VÎdm§da Pmbobo nmUr dmQ>nmÀ`m \o$a AmIUrMo àH$ën d `mgma»`m g_Ý`m`rVÎdm§da AmYm[aV BVa àH$ënm§gmR>r Ob Xam~m~V doJim àñVmd AmIUo JaOoMo Amho.

1.1.101.1.101.1.101.1.101.1.10 ‘nmUrnÅ>r âÊ`mg {db§~ Pmë`mg X§S>’ `m YmoaUmMr {e\$mag H$aVmZm, nmUrdmnaH$V} d nwadR>mXma `m XmoÝhr njm§À`m O~m~XmarH$S>o nwaogo bj {Xbobo Zmhr. ho

21 22

‘g_Ý`m`’ `m VÎdmÀ`m {damoYr Amho. CXmhaUmW©, Oa nmUrnÅ>r âÊ`mg {db§~ PmbmVa X§S>mMr VaVyX Ho$bobr Amho. _mÌ nmUrnwadR>m `mo½` Zgob, Ë`mMr JwUdÎmm ImbmdbrAgob Va _mÌ X§S>mË_H$ H$madmB©Mr VaVyX Zmhr. `m {df_ hmVmiUrMr gmYrOmUrdXoIrb Ñï>r{Z~§YmV AmT>iV Zmhr. nmUrnÅ>rÀ`m WH$~mH$s dm {db§~m~m~V {OVHo$H$R>moa Cnm` Ho$bo OmVmV {VVHo$M H$R>moa Cnm` Ob nwadR>m godoMr JwUdÎmm ImbmdbrAgob Va Ë`m{déÜX H$amdoV, hr ~m~ AmVm OJâ _mÝ` Pmbr Agbr Var Ë`mMr XIbÑï>r{Z~§YmV KoVbobr Zmhr.

1.1.111.1.111.1.111.1.111.1.11 ‘R>moH$ Ob Xa nÜXVr’ d ‘g_Ý`m`r Ob h¸$/h¸$Xmar’ `m§Mm A§Vag§~§YAmoiIÊ`mV Ñï>r{Z~§Y Ag_W© R>abm Amho. VgoM ‘R>moH$ Ob Xa’ d ‘{H$aH$moi Ob Xa’`m§Mm A§Vag§~§Y AmoiIÊ`mVhr Ñï>r{Z~§Y Ag_W© R>abm Amho. Á`m J«m_n§Mm`Vr§_Ü o 20{bQ>a à{V _mUer à{V {XZ nmÊ`mMm nwadR>m hmoVmo Ë`m§Mm nmÊ`mMm Xa hm Á`m_hmZJanm{bH$m§_Ü o 150-200 {bQ>a à{V _mUer à{V {XZ nmÊ`mMm nwadR>m hmoVmo, Ë`m_hmZJanm{bH$m§À`m R>moH$ Ob XamEdT>m Agmdm H$m, `mMm {dMmaM _wimV Ho$bobm Zmhr.qH$dm Á`m nmUr dmna g§ñWm 2000 KZ_rQ>a/hoŠQ>a `mà_mUo nmUr dmnaVmV Ë`m§MmR>moH$ Ob Xa hm 10,000 KZ_rQ>a/hoŠQ>a à_mUo nmUr dmnaUmè`m nmUr dmnag§ñWm§EdT>m Agmdm H$m, `mMmhr {dMmaM _wimV Ho$bobm Zmhr.

1.1.11.1.11.1.11.1.11.1.122222 ‘n`m©daUmgmR>r Ob nwadR>m’ d ‘R>moH$ Ob Xa’ `m§Mm A§Vag§~§Y AmoiIÊ`mVÑï>r{Z~§Y Ag_W© R>aVmo. amÁ` ObZrVr (Ob ZrVr n[aÀN>oX 4) VgoM _.O.{Z.àm.H$m`Úm_Ü o (H$b_ 2 (H$)) ‘n`m©daUmgmR>r ObnwadR>çmg’ àmYmÝ` XoÊ`mV Ambo Amho.gXa H$m`ÚmZwgma ‘n`m©daU’ hm nmUr dmnamÀ`m àdJm©À`m `mXrVrb EH$ àdJ© Amho. gXaàdJm©À`m nmÊ`mMr JaO d Ë`mMm ‘R>moH$ Ob Xamer’ g§~§Y `m§Mm g_mdoe Ñï>r{Z~§YmVHo$bobm Zmhr. Ë`m_wio àXyfU {Z §ÌU qH$dm ZXr-Zmë`m§_Yrb {H$_mZ àdmh `mgmR>r R>moH$Ob XamMo hË`ma dmnaÊ`mMm àñVmd _m§S>Ê`mV Ñï>r{Z~§Y Ag_W© R>abm Amho.

1.1.131.1.131.1.131.1.131.1.13 Xwhoar Xa nÜXVrMo (two-part tariff) {ddoMZ Ñï>r{Z~§YmV Agbo Varhr Ë`mMrEHy$U ì`már, _hÎd d n[aUm_m§Mr gImob MMm© Ñï>r{Z~§YmV Zmhr. `m nÜXVrMm n[aUm_‘g_Ý`m`r’ VÎdmda H$gm hmoVmo, `mMmhr C„oI Zmhr. Xwhoar Xa nÜXVr_wio Ob XanwadR>mXmambm {H$_mZ _hgybmMr ImÌr {_iob EdT>mM EH$V\$s© {dMma Ñï>r{Z~§YmV Amho.eoVH$ar qH$dm BVa nmUr dmnaH$Ë`mª§À`m Ñï>rZo H$moUVmhr {dMma Ho$bobm `m_Ü o {XgVZmhr. Ho$di Ob nwadR>mXmamÀ`m {hV g§ajUmMm Agm EH$V\$s© {dMma Ñï>r{Z~§YmV AgUo

AË §V MwH$sMo Amho. {edm` Ago {hVg§~§Y Onë`mg gXa Ob nwadR>mXmamÀ`m AH$m ©j_d¥Îmrg dmd {_iob Am{U Ë`mMm ^ma nmUr dmnaH$Ë`mªda nS>ob, `mMo ^mZ Ñï>r{Z~§YmVAmT>iV Zmhr. hr JmoîQ> gXa Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb gm_m{OH$ àíZm§~m~VÀ`m Ag§doXZerbVoergwg§JVM Amho.

1.1.141.1.141.1.141.1.141.1.14 nmÊ`mMr {d{dY àH$maMr JiVr d Mmoar d Ë`mMm Ob Xam§_m\©$V nmUrdmnaH$Ë`mªda nS>Umam AÝ`m`H$maH$ ma m~m~V Ñï>r{Z~§YmV H$moUVohr R>mog {dMma qH$dmàñVmd AmT>iV Zmhr. {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU ñdV: `m~m~V AmJ«hr Zmhr. nmÊ`mMr JiVr dMmoar~m~V Ob nwadR>mXmam§da O~m~Xmar Q>mH$Ê`mH$S>o Ñï>r{Z~§YmV nyU©nUo Xwb©j Ho$boboAmho. dmñV{dH$ Ob XamMo ñVa ho Ob nwadR>m godoÀ`m JwUdÎmoer {ZJS>rV hdoV, AerVaVyX amÁ` Ob ZrVr_Ü o Amho. _mÌ, Ë`mH$S>o Ñï>r{Z~§YmV Xwb©j H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho.

1.21.21.21.21.2 eoVr d KaJwVr nmUrdmnamgmR>r AdmOdr XadmT>rMm àñVmd: CÚmoJm§Zm PwH$Vo _mn eoVr d KaJwVr nmUrdmnamgmR>r AdmOdr XadmT>rMm àñVmd: CÚmoJm§Zm PwH$Vo _mn eoVr d KaJwVr nmUrdmnamgmR>r AdmOdr XadmT>rMm àñVmd: CÚmoJm§Zm PwH$Vo _mn eoVr d KaJwVr nmUrdmnamgmR>r AdmOdr XadmT>rMm àñVmd: CÚmoJm§Zm PwH$Vo _mn eoVr d KaJwVr nmUrdmnamgmR>r AdmOdr XadmT>rMm àñVmd: CÚmoJm§Zm PwH$Vo _mn

1.2.11.2.11.2.11.2.11.2.1 gXa àñVmdmÀ`m AmYmao eoVrgmR>rÀ`m Ob Xam_Ü o n{hë`m dfu 39 % VanwT>rb 3 dfm©V EHy$U 58% dmT> àñVm{dV Amho. (eoVrgmR>r Xa XrS>nQ> hmoVrb.)

1.2.21.2.21.2.21.2.21.2.2 gZ 2000 gmbr Pmbobr 50% dmT> d Ë`mZ§Va gbJ XmoZ df} Pmbobr 15 %dmT> bjmV KoVbr Va Ago {XgVo H$s gZ 2000 Vo 2003 `m VrZ dfm©V eoVrgmR>rÀ`mOb XamV 98% dmT> Pmbr (åhUOo Xa Odi-Odi XwßnQ> Pmboo). VgoM gZ 2000 Vo2011 n ªVMm {dMma Ho$ë`mg {XgVo H$s eoVrgmR>rÀ`m Ob XamV 210% dmT> hmoB©b.(åhUOo Xa {VßnQ> hmoVrb).

1.2.31.2.31.2.31.2.31.2.3 KaJwVr dmnamÀ`m Xam_Ü o n{hë`m dfu 49% XadmT> àñVm{dV Amho, VanwT>rb 3 dfm©V EHy$U 74% dmT> àñVm{dV Amho (åhUOo Xa nmdUoXmoZ nQ>> hmoVrb).

1.2.41.2.41.2.41.2.41.2.4 eoVr d KaJwVrdmnamÀ`m VwbZoV CÚmoJm§gmR>r n{hë`m dfu A{Ve` Aën åhUOo\$º$ 5% Xa dmT> àñVm{dV Amho, Va nwT>rb 3 dfm©V EHy$U \$º$ 22% Xa dmT>àñVm{dV Amho (åhUOo Xa gìdm nQ> hmoVrb).

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Vº$m H«$. 8 : àñVm{dV Ñï>r{Z~§YmZwgma nwT>rb VrZ dfm©Vrb Ob Xa dmT>Vº$m H«$. 8 : àñVm{dV Ñï>r{Z~§YmZwgma nwT>rb VrZ dfm©Vrb Ob Xa dmT>Vº$m H«$. 8 : àñVm{dV Ñï>r{Z~§YmZwgma nwT>rb VrZ dfm©Vrb Ob Xa dmT>Vº$m H«$. 8 : àñVm{dV Ñï>r{Z~§YmZwgma nwT>rb VrZ dfm©Vrb Ob Xa dmT>Vº$m H«$. 8 : àñVm{dV Ñï>r{Z~§YmZwgma nwT>rb VrZ dfm©Vrb Ob Xa dmT>gZ/ H$mbmdYrgZ/ H$mbmdYrgZ/ H$mbmdYrgZ/ H$mbmdYrgZ/ H$mbmdYr R>moH$ Ob dmnamMo à_wI JQ> (Q>¸o$) R>moH$ Ob dmnamMo à_wI JQ> (Q>¸o$) R>moH$ Ob dmnamMo à_wI JQ> (Q>¸o$) R>moH$ Ob dmnamMo à_wI JQ> (Q>¸o$) R>moH$ Ob dmnamMo à_wI JQ> (Q>¸o$)

CÚmoJCÚmoJCÚmoJCÚmoJCÚmoJ eoVreoVreoVreoVreoVr KaJwVrKaJwVrKaJwVrKaJwVrKaJwVr2009 _Yrb XadmT>2009 _Yrb XadmT>2009 _Yrb XadmT>2009 _Yrb XadmT>2009 _Yrb XadmT> 5% 39% 49%2009-2011 _Yrb2009-2011 _Yrb2009-2011 _Yrb2009-2011 _Yrb2009-2011 _Yrb 22% 58% 74%(VrZ dfm©Vrb) XadmT>(VrZ dfm©Vrb) XadmT>(VrZ dfm©Vrb) XadmT>(VrZ dfm©Vrb) XadmT>(VrZ dfm©Vrb) XadmT> (gìdm nQ>) (XrS>nQ>mnojm OmñV) (nmdUoXmoZ nQ>>)

1.2.51.2.51.2.51.2.51.2.5 IMm©À`m dgwbrÀ`m dmQ>çmMr AmH$S>odmar nm{hbr Va Ago {XgVo H$s,CÚmoJm§daMm ^ma gmYmaU 15% Zr H$_r H$aÊ`mMm àñVmd Amho. Va KaJwVr d eoVrjoÌmdaMm ^ma àË oH$s gmYmaU 20% Zr dmT>{dÊ`mMm àñVmd Amho. åhUOoM CÚmoJjoÌmMm ^ma H$_r H$éZ Vmo KaJwVr d eoVr joÌm§da Q>mH$Ê`mMm àñVmd Amho.

1.2.61.2.61.2.61.2.61.2.6 IMm©À`m dgwbrMm dmQ>m R>a{dVmZm eoVH$è`m§Mr Xa âÊ`mMr j_Vm CÚmoJm§nojm{Zå_r Amho, Ago J¥hrV Yabo Amho Va eoVrgmR>r nmÊ`mMr ImÌrera d `mo½` à_mUmVrbCnbãYVm ({dídmgmh©Vm) hr Odi-Odi CÚmoJm§EdT>rM Amho Ago J¥hrV Yabo Amho.gXa J¥hrVH$m§Zm H$moUVmhr dñVw{ZîR> AmYma Ñï>r{Z~§YmV Zmhr. àË`jmV eoVH$è`m§Mr XaâÊ`mMr j_Vm CÚmoJm§À`m VwbZoV {Zåå`mnojmhr {H$VrVar H$_r Amho d nmUrnwadR>çmMr{dídmgmh©Vmhr A{Ve` H$_r Amho.

1.2.71.2.71.2.71.2.71.2.7 Ob XamVrb dmT> hr H$moUË`mhr nmUr dmna JQ>mbm Y¸$mXm`H$ dmQ>Umar dmT>Zgmdr (No Tariff Shock) Aer Ob Xa {ZpíMVrÀ`m VÎdm§_Ü o {e\$mag AgyZgwÕmeoVr d KaJwVr nmUr dmnaH$Ë`mªZm Xa dmT>rMm _moR>m Y¸$m àñVm{dV Amho.

1.2.81.2.81.2.81.2.81.2.8 emgZmZo à{gÜX Ho$boë`m 2007-08 À`m qgMZ pñWVrXe©H$ AhdmbmVyZbjmV oVo H$s Ob Xam§Mr dgwbr hr Ob Xam§À`m H$m ©MmbZ Am{U n[aajUmÀ`m IMm©nojmH$mhr A§er OmñV Pmbr Amho. Ë`m_wio IM© dgwbr hmoV Amho, Ago A{YH¥$V AmH$S>odmarXe©dVo. `m nmíd© y_rda eoVr d KaJwVr dmnamMo Xa _moR>çm à_mUmV dmT>dUo MwH$sMo Amho.

1.3 R>moH$ Ob XamÀ`m àñVmdmVrb _yb yV C{Udm: _hgybm_Ü o dgwbrMm dmQ>m1.3 R>moH$ Ob XamÀ`m àñVmdmVrb _yb yV C{Udm: _hgybm_Ü o dgwbrMm dmQ>m1.3 R>moH$ Ob XamÀ`m àñVmdmVrb _yb yV C{Udm: _hgybm_Ü o dgwbrMm dmQ>m1.3 R>moH$ Ob XamÀ`m àñVmdmVrb _yb yV C{Udm: _hgybm_Ü o dgwbrMm dmQ>m1.3 R>moH$ Ob XamÀ`m àñVmdmVrb _yb yV C{Udm: _hgybm_Ü o dgwbrMm dmQ>mR>a{dÊ`mgmR>r AnyU© d MwH$sMo {ZH$fR>a{dÊ`mgmR>r AnyU© d MwH$sMo {ZH$fR>a{dÊ`mgmR>r AnyU© d MwH$sMo {ZH$fR>a{dÊ`mgmR>r AnyU© d MwH$sMo {ZH$fR>a{dÊ`mgmR>r AnyU© d MwH$sMo {ZH$f

H$m ©MmbZ d n[aajUmMm IM© éZ {ZKmdm mgmR>r Amdí`H$ _hgybm_Ü o eoVr,CÚmoJ, d KaJwVr dmnaH$V} `m àË oH$ àdJm©H$Sy>Z H$amd`mÀ`m dgwbrMm dmQ>m H$gmR>adm`Mm, `m~m~VMm Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb àñVmd hm gdm©V Jmä`mMm àñVmd Amho. gXa

àñVmdmV AZoH$ _yb yV d J§ ra ñdénmÀ`m C{Udm AmhoV. n[aUm_r, gXa Ñï>r{Z~§Yg§nyU©nUo {Zén`moJr R>aVmo. `mVrb H$mhr R>iH$ C{Udm nwT>rbà_mUo :

1.3.11.3.11.3.11.3.11.3.1 _hgybmÀ`m dgwbrMm dmQ>m R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r àË oH$ àdJm©Mm ‘EHy$U nmÊ`mMmdmna’ hm {ZH$f g_m{dï> Z Ho$ë`mZo gXa nÜXV gXmof R>aVo. nmÊ`mMm EHy$U dmna hm{ZH$f dmnam`Mm Agbm Va `m~m~V _m§S>Ê`mV oUmar AmH$S>odmar {dídmgmh© Zmhr, hrEH$ _moR>r CUrd Amho. (`m~m~V Imbrb n[aÀN>oX 1.4.1 nhm).

1.3.21.3.21.3.21.3.21.3.2 {ZH$fm§Mr {ZdS> H$aVmZm (‘Am{W©H$ dmna’ hm {ZH$f dJiVm) BVa gm_m{OH$d g_Ý`m`r VÎdm§darb AmYm[aV {ZH$fm§H$S>o nyU©nUo Xwb©j Ho$bo Amho. (gm_m{OH$ dg_Ý`m`r VÎdm§À`m _wÚm§~m~V `m {ZdoXZmVrb ^mJ 1.2 nhmdm).

1.3.31.3.31.3.31.3.31.3.3 ‘nmÊ`mMm XOm©’ hm Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb àñVm{dV {ZH$f àË`j ì`dhmamVrb R>moH$Ob nwadR>çmMr nÜXV bjmV KoVë`mg MwH$sMm R>aVmo. R>moH$ Ob nwadR>mXmagÚ:pñWVr_Ü o nmÊ`mÀ`m XOm©À`m AmYmao nmUr nwadR>m H$aV ZmhrV.

1.3.41.3.41.3.41.3.41.3.4 ‘KaJwVr Obdmna’ `m àdJmªVJ©V _w»`V: _hmnm{bH$m d ZJanm{bH$m§Mmhrg_mdoe hmoVmo. gXa àdJm©gmR>r ^mam§H$Z XoVmZm (d Ë`m`moJo Ë`m§Mm _hgyb dgwbrVrbdmQ>m R>a{dVmZm) gXa àdJm©_m\©$V Ob nwadR>çmMm dmna \$º$ {nÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm ñd §nmH$d BVa OrdZmdí`H$ CnH«$_m§gmR>r hmoB©b Ago J¥hrV Amho. _mÌ àË`jmV gXa àdJmªVJ©VOrdZmdí`H$ CnH«$_m§~amo~aM ì`dgm`, _Zmoa§OZ, d BVa H$maUm§gmR>rhr nmÊ`mMm dmnaHo$bm OmVmo. hr dñVwpñWVr bjmV Z KoVm KaJwVr ObdmnamÀ`m àdJm©bm Oo ^mam§H$ZÑï>r{Z~§YmÀ`m àñVmdmV {Xbo Amho Vo nyU©nUo MwH$sMo Amho.

1.3.51.3.51.3.51.3.51.3.5 ObdmnamÀ`m àdJmªMm {dMma H$aVmZm Ob{dÚwV-{Z{_©Vr, _ÀN>r_mar, d_Zmoa§OZ `mgma»`m BVa ì`mdgm{`H$ d _hÎdmÀ`m àdJmªÀ`m _hgybmÀ`m dmQnm_Ü o{dMma Pmbobm Zmhr.

1.3.61.3.61.3.61.3.61.3.6 eoVrgmR>r ‘Am{W©H$ dmna’ `m {ZH$fmgmR>r 2.5 ^mam§H$Z {Xbo Amho, VaCÚmoJmgmR>r 5 ^mam§H$Z {Xbo Amho. ho ^mam§H$Z XoVmZm Am{W©H$ dmnamMm g§~§Y Ob XaâÊ`mÀ`m j_Voer OmoS>bm Amho. `mdê$Z eoVH$è`m§Mr Ob Xa âÊ`mMr j_VmCÚmoJm§nojm {Zå_r Amho, Ago àVrV hmoVo. hr ~m~ dñVwpñWVrbm Yê$Z Zmhr. ho ^mam§H$ZH$moUË`m AmYmamda {Xbo Amho, ho Ñï>r{Z~§YmV ñnï> Ho$bobo Zmhr.

1.3.71.3.71.3.71.3.71.3.7 eoVrgmR>r ‘ObnwadR>çmMr {dídmgmh©Vm’ ([abm`{~{bQ>r) `m {ZH$fmgmR>r 2.5

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^mam§H$Z {Xbo Amho Va CÚmoJmgmR>r 3 ^mam§H$Z {Xbo Amho. àË`jmV nmUrnwadR>m H$aVmZmeoVrjoÌmbm Xwæ`_ ñWmZ {Xbo OmVo. Ë`m_wio CÚmoJ joÌmÀ`m Odinmg OmB©b BVHo$^mam§H$Z eoVr joÌmbm XoUo dñVwpñWVrbm Yê$Z Zmhr. ho mam§H$Z H$moUË`m AmYmamda {XboAmho, ho Ñï>r{Z~§YmV ñnï> Ho$bobo Zmhr.

1.3.81.3.81.3.81.3.81.3.8 ^mam§H$Z XoVmZm 1 Vo 5 hr \y$Q>nÅ>r dmnabr Amho. gXa ^mam§H$ZmgmR>rdmnamd`mMo {ZH$f d Ë`m§Mr ì`már ~KVm 1 Vo 5 hr \y$Q>nÅ>r Cn yº$ Zmhr. gXa \y$Q>nÅ>rdmnaÊ`m_mJrb H$maUo dm {ZH$f Ñï>r{Z~§YmV {Xbobo ZmhrV. Ë`m_wio àñVm{dV nÜXVemór` AmYmamda {ZH$m_r R>aVo. gXa \y$Q>nÅ>r 1 Vo 10 qH$dm 1 Vo 100 H$m Zmhr, mMoH$moR>ohr ñnï>rH$aU Zmhr.

1.41.41.41.41.4 MwH$sMr d dñVw{Zð> Zgbobr J¥hrVHo$ MwH$sMr d dñVw{Zð> Zgbobr J¥hrVHo$ MwH$sMr d dñVw{Zð> Zgbobr J¥hrVHo$ MwH$sMr d dñVw{Zð> Zgbobr J¥hrVHo$ MwH$sMr d dñVw{Zð> Zgbobr J¥hrVHo$

g§nyU© Ñï>r{Z~§YmV MwH$sMr d dñVw{Zð> Zgbobr J¥hrVHo$ dmnabr AmhoV. AemJ¥hrVH$m§da AmYmabobm Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb àñVmd hm nyU©nUo MwH$sMm R>aVmo. `m~m~VÀ`mR>iH$ CUrdm nwT>rbà_mUo:

1.4.11.4.11.4.11.4.11.4.1 {d{dY àdJmªÀ`m ^{dî`mVrb nmUr dmnamÀ`m A§XmOmg H$moUVmhr emórÀmYma Zmhr. Ñï>r{Z~§YmV nmUr dmnamMr AmH$S>odmar {dídmgmh© Zmhr, Ago _mÝ` Ho$boAmho. na§Vw R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrMr g§nyU© J{UVo `mM AmH$S>odmarda AmYmabobr AmhoV.Ë`m_wio hr g§nyU© nÜXVM A{dídmgmh© R>aVo. Ë`m_wio `m nÜXVrda AmYm[aV Ob Xa honyU©V: MwH$sMo R>aVmV. AemàH$mao nwaoer d ImÌrMr AmH$S>odmar ZgVmZm Ob XaR>a{dÊ`mMr KmB© _.O.{Z.àm.Zo Q>mimdr.

1.4.21.4.21.4.21.4.21.4.2 ^{dî`mVrb H$m ©MmbZ d n[aajUmÀ`m IMm©Mm A§XmO hm nyU©nUo _mJrb nmMdfmªÀ`m àË`j IMm©À`m AmH$S>odmardéZ Ho$bm Amho. _mÌ dmë_r g§ñWoÀ`m Aä`mgmMmC„oI H$aVmZm Ñï>r{Z~§YmV ñnï>nUo åhQ>bo Amho H$s, IMm©Mr Zo_H$s JaO, _mJUr, dàË`j Pmbobm IM© `m_Ü o àM§S> V\$mdV Amho. Ago AgVmZm gwÜXm _mJrb IMm©À`mAmH$S>odmarÀ`m AmYmao g§nyU© Ob Xa {ZpíMVr H$aUo MwH$sMo R>aVo. emgZmZo H$m ©MmbZ dn[aajUmÀ`m {ZH$fm§Mr nwZa©MZm H$aÊ`mMr VmVS>rMr JaO Amho. Aer nwZa©MZm Z H$aVmOwÝ`m {ZH$fm§À`m AmYmao IMm©Mm A§XmO H$aUo Aemór` Amho.

1.4.31.4.31.4.31.4.31.4.3 ^{dî`mVrb H$m ©MmbZ d n[aajUmÀ`m IMm©Mm A§XmO H$aVmZm _mJrb nmMdfmªÀ`m IMm©À`m AmH$S>odmarMm Omo AmYma KoVbm Amho, Vr AmH$S>odmar \$º$ R>moH$ Ob XanwadR>çmgmR>r Amboë`m IMm©MrM Amho, d Ë`m_Ü o {H$aH$moi ObnwadR>çmÀ`m IMm©Mm

g_mdoe Zmhr, Ago Ñï>r{Z~§YmV J¥hrV Yabobo {XgVo. Ë`m_wio gXa AmH$S>odmar dmnéZR>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMV Ho$bm Amho. _mÌ hr J¥hrVHo$ VnmgÊ`mMr gmoS>mM, nU Z_yXH$aÊ`mMr VgXrXoIrb Ñï>r{Z~§YmV KoVbobr Zmhr. dmñV{dH$ _mJrb IMm©À`mAmH$S>odmarV R>moH$ ObnwadR>m d {H$aH$moi ObnwadR>m `m XmoÝhrg Amboë`m IMm©Mmg_mdoe AgUma, H$maU AZoH$ {R>H$mUr {H$aH$moi Ob nwadR>mhr ZXr-Imoao _hm-_§S>imH$Sy>Z Ho$bm OmVmo. Ago Agë`mg R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrÀ`m Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrbàñVmdmMm g§nyU© AmYmaM e§H$mñnX R>aVmo.

1.4.41.4.41.4.41.4.41.4.4 ^{dî`mVrb IMm©À`m A§XmOmÀ`m {d{dY nÜXVtMr VwbZm H$aVmZm dmë_r g§ñWoZo{e\$mag Ho$bobr nÜXVhr _m§S>br Amho. _mÌ dmë_r g§ñWoZo IMm©À`m A§XmOmV Xadfu 10%dmT> H$amdr Aer {e\$mag H$éZ gwÜXm Ñï>r{Z~§YmV Ë`m_Ü o ~Xb H$éZ 6% dmT> J¥hrVYabr Amho. Aem àH$mao _yi AmH$S>çmV \o$a\$ma H$ê$Z {edm` dmë_r g§ñWoZo {Xbobr nÜXV^{dî`mVrb IMm©Mm A§XmO _m§S>Ê`mgmR>r dmnam`Mr, ho A`mo½` Amho.

1.4.51.4.51.4.51.4.51.4.5 _mJrb IMm©À`m AmH$S>odmar_Yrb dmT> ‘H§$nm¢S>oS> A°Ý wAb J«moW aoQ>’(gr.E.Or.Ama/CAGR) `m nÜXVrZo H$mTy>Z, gXa dmT>rÀ`m Xamà_mUo ^{dî`mVrbIMm©Mm A§XmO H$mT>bm Amho. _mÌ gXa nÜXVr dmnaVmZm _mJrb AmH$S>odmarVrbgmVË`mMm A^md, VgoM {d{dY H$mbmdYrVrb AmH$S>odmar_Yrb ñd¡a ~Xbm§H$S>o Xwb©jH$éZ \$º$ XmoZ Q>moH$mÀ`m dfmªVrb AmH$S>odmarMm dmna Ho$bm Amho. ho A`mo½` Amho.

1.4.61.4.61.4.61.4.61.4.6 Ñï>r{Z~§YmV H$mhr MwH$sMr J¥hrVHo$ _m§S>bobr AmhoV. CXmhaUmW©, (A)CÚmoJm§Zr Ob g§dY©ZmgmR>r V§ÌkmZmMm dmna Ho$ë`mg nmUrnÅ>rV gyQ> XoÊ`mMr H$m`XoeraVaVyX _.O.{Z.àm. H$m`ÚmZwgma Amho, Am{U, (~) ‘àXyfUH$Ë`m©Zo qH$_V MwH$dmdr’ hoVÎd A§_bmV AmUÊ`mgmR>r X§S>mË_H$ VaVyX H$aUo `mo½` Zmhr. `m MwH$sÀ`m J¥hrVH$m§À`mAmYmao AñdrH$mamh© Aem {e\$maer Ho$boë`m AmhoV.

1.51.51.51.51.5 R>moH$ Ob nwadR>çmgmR>rÀ`m IMm©V H$m`©j_Vm d n[aUm_H$maH$Vm AmUUo dR>moH$ Ob nwadR>çmgmR>rÀ`m IMm©V H$m`©j_Vm d n[aUm_H$maH$Vm AmUUo dR>moH$ Ob nwadR>çmgmR>rÀ`m IMm©V H$m`©j_Vm d n[aUm_H$maH$Vm AmUUo dR>moH$ Ob nwadR>çmgmR>rÀ`m IMm©V H$m`©j_Vm d n[aUm_H$maH$Vm AmUUo dR>moH$ Ob nwadR>çmgmR>rÀ`m IMm©V H$m`©j_Vm d n[aUm_H$maH$Vm AmUUo dË`m AZwf§JmZo Ob godm emídV H$aÊ`mÀ`m Cnm`m§H$S>o Xwb©jË`m AZwf§JmZo Ob godm emídV H$aÊ`mÀ`m Cnm`m§H$S>o Xwb©jË`m AZwf§JmZo Ob godm emídV H$aÊ`mÀ`m Cnm`m§H$S>o Xwb©jË`m AZwf§JmZo Ob godm emídV H$aÊ`mÀ`m Cnm`m§H$S>o Xwb©jË`m AZwf§JmZo Ob godm emídV H$aÊ`mÀ`m Cnm`m§H$S>o Xwb©j

R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMV H$aVmZm ^{dî`mVrb IM© {ZpíMV H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho dË`m IMm©Mr dgwbr R>moH$ ObXamVyZ hmoUo A{Zdm © Amho, Ago Ñï>r{Z~§YmV gwMdbo Amho._mÌ Xa {ZpíMV H$aVmZm IMm©Mr VnmgUr, IMm©_Ü o H$m ©j_Vm d n[aUm_H$maH$VmAmUUo, d Ë`m`moJo Ob dmnaH$Ë`mªdaMm Ob XamMm ~moOm H$_rV H$_r R>odUo, `mgmR>r

27 28

Zo_Ho$ Cnm` gwMdbobo ZmhrV. Aem àH$mao Ñï>r{Z~§YmV bmoH${hVmH$S>o g§nyU© Xwb©j Ho$boboAmho. `m~m~V R>iH$ C{Udm nwT>rbà_mUo:

1.5.11.5.11.5.11.5.11.5.1 nmÊ`mMr JiVr VgoM Mmoar H$_r H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo R>mog$ y{_H$m d Cnm` Ñï>r{Z~§YmVZmhrV. VgoM H$mhr {R>H$mUr nmÊ`mMm ì`mdgm{`H$ dmna H$aUmè`m§da Xa AmH$maUr Z hmoUo dmË`m§À`mH$Sy>Z _hgyb ~wS>dbm OmUo, `m ~m~r amoIÊ`m~m~Vhr Ñï>r{Z~§YmV {dMma Ho$bobm Zmhr.

1.5.21.5.21.5.21.5.21.5.2 {d{dY H$m_mVrb AH$m ©j_ IM© d Ë`mMm Ob Xamda hmoUmam n[aUm_, m~m~VH$moUVohr {díbofU qH$dm R>mog àñVmd Ñï>r{Z~§YmV Zmhr.

1.5.31.5.31.5.31.5.31.5.3 AmñWmnZm IM© _yi XoI^mb-XwéñVrÀ`m IMm©nojm XmoZ Vo VrZnQ> OmñVAmho, Ago _mJrb AmH$S>odmardéZ bjmV oVo. _mÌ, gXa IMm©V n[aUm_H$maH$VmAmUÊ`m~m~V gmYm C„oIhr Ñï>r{Z~§YmV Zmhr.

1.5.41.5.41.5.41.5.41.5.4 XoI^mb-XwéñVrÀ`m IMm©~m~V AZoH$ ÌwQ>r dmë_r g§ñWoÀ`m Aä`mgmVyZ nwT>oAmboë`m Agë`m Varhr gXa IM© OmñV n[aUm_H$maH$ H$aÊ`m~m~V H$moUVrhr {e\$magd {Z`m_H$ Cnm` ÑîQ>r{Z~§YmV gwMdbobo ZmhrV.

1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Xwgè`m§À`m H$m_H$mOmMo {Z`_Z H$aUmao àm{YH$aU, ñdV: AQ>tMo nmbZ H$aV ZmhrXwgè`m§À`m H$m_H$mOmMo {Z`_Z H$aUmao àm{YH$aU, ñdV: AQ>tMo nmbZ H$aV ZmhrXwgè`m§À`m H$m_H$mOmMo {Z`_Z H$aUmao àm{YH$aU, ñdV: AQ>tMo nmbZ H$aV ZmhrXwgè`m§À`m H$m_H$mOmMo {Z`_Z H$aUmao àm{YH$aU, ñdV: AQ>tMo nmbZ H$aV ZmhrXwgè`m§À`m H$m_H$mOmMo {Z`_Z H$aUmao àm{YH$aU, ñdV: AQ>tMo nmbZ H$aV Zmhr

ÑîQ>r{Z~§YmVrb Ame` H$m` d H$gm Agmdm `m~m~V H$m ©H$jmË_H$ AQ>t_Ü o g{dñVa`mXr Amho. _mÌ gXa AQ>tÀ`m nyV©Vo_Ü o àË`j gmXa Ho$bobm ÑîQ>r{Z~§Y nyU©nUo Anèr R>aVmo.Ë`m_wio gXa ÑîQ>r{Z~§Y AnyU© Amho d Vmo ^mJYmaH$m§er g„m_gbVrgmR>r Cn wº$ Zmhr.Ñï>r{Z~§YmMo {díbofU Ho$ë`mda `m~m~V nwT>rb {MÌ g_moa oVo (Vº$m H«$. 9 nhmdm)

Vº$m H«$. 9 : H$m`©H$jmË_H$ AQ>tÀ`m nyV©VoMo _yë`_mnZVº$m H«$. 9 : H$m`©H$jmË_H$ AQ>tÀ`m nyV©VoMo _yë`_mnZVº$m H«$. 9 : H$m`©H$jmË_H$ AQ>tÀ`m nyV©VoMo _yë`_mnZVº$m H«$. 9 : H$m`©H$jmË_H$ AQ>tÀ`m nyV©VoMo _yë`_mnZVº$m H«$. 9 : H$m`©H$jmË_H$ AQ>tÀ`m nyV©VoMo _yë`_mnZ

A.Z§.A.Z§.A.Z§.A.Z§.A.Z§. nyV©VoMo Q>ßno nyV©VoMo Q>ßno nyV©VoMo Q>ßno nyV©VoMo Q>ßno nyV©VoMo Q>ßno {H$Vr Jmoï>t~m~VnyV©Vm Pmbr?g§»`m (%) {H$Vr Jmoï>t~m~VnyV©Vm Pmbr?g§»`m (%) {H$Vr Jmoï>t~m~VnyV©Vm Pmbr?g§»`m (%) {H$Vr Jmoï>t~m~VnyV©Vm Pmbr?g§»`m (%) {H$Vr Jmoï>t~m~VnyV©Vm Pmbr?g§»`m (%)

1) nyV©Vm 3 (10%)2) A§eV: nyV©Vm 3 (10%)3) A§eV: nyV©Vm na§Vw Cn wº$ Zmhr 5 (17%)4) WmVya _mVya MMm© 3 (10%)5) nyU©V: Xwb©j 13 (43%)6) (à{H«$ oMr) ^{dî`mV nyV©Vm AeŠ` 3 (10%)

Vº$m H«$_m§H$ 9 dê$Z Ago {XgVo H$s, gXa AQ>t_Ü o Z_yX Ho$boë`m Vã~b 43%Jmoï>tMr nyV©Vm Ñï>r{Z~§YmV Pmbobr Zmhr, Va \$º$ 10% Ame`mMr g§nyU© nyV©Vm Pmbr.{ZåZ-Ý`m{`H$ ñdén AgUmè`m Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmgmR>r hr EH$ A{Ve` J§ ra ~m~Amho. Aem AnyU© pñWVrVrb Ñï>r{Z~§Ymda g„m_gbVrMr (H$m`ÚmZwgma ~§YZH$maH$)à{H«$`m gwé R>odUo Ë`mhÿZhr A{YH$ J§ ra ~m~ Amho.

1.7 eoVH$è`m§H$S>o Xwb©j, ImOJr H$§nÝ`m§Zm bm^Xm`H$ {ZU©`1.7 eoVH$è`m§H$S>o Xwb©j, ImOJr H$§nÝ`m§Zm bm^Xm`H$ {ZU©`1.7 eoVH$è`m§H$S>o Xwb©j, ImOJr H$§nÝ`m§Zm bm^Xm`H$ {ZU©`1.7 eoVH$è`m§H$S>o Xwb©j, ImOJr H$§nÝ`m§Zm bm^Xm`H$ {ZU©`1.7 eoVH$è`m§H$S>o Xwb©j, ImOJr H$§nÝ`m§Zm bm^Xm`H$ {ZU©`

{d{dY g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm§Zr d ì`º$s§Zr Ñï>r{Z~§Ym_Ü o AZoH$ J§ ra ÌwQ>r XmIdë`mAmhoV. EH$m ~mOybm _hÎdmÀ`m d H$m`XoeraÑîQ>çm Amdí`H$ Aem ~m~tH$S>o Xwb©j PmboAmho. Va Xwgè`m ~mOybm àXyfU {Z §ÌU d Ob g§dY©ZmMr g§ §Ìo ~ZdUmè`m H§$nÝ`m§Zmbm^ {_iÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo Ñï>r{Z~§Ym_Ü o àñVmd gwMdÊ`mV Ambm Amho. (CXmhaUmW©,Ob g§dY©H$ V§ÌkmZ dmnaë`mg nmUrnÅ>rVyZ ‘[a~oQ>’ XoÊ`mMm àñVmd). ho eŠ` ìhmdo`mgmR>r AmoTy>Z VmUyZ VH©$dmX _m§S>Ê`mV Ambo AmhoV, ho Amjonmh© Amho.

eoVH$ar d BVa N>moQ>o nmUr dmnaH$V} m§À`mH$S>o Xwb©j H$éZ ImOJr H§$nÝ`m§gma»`mg_W© KQ>H$m§Zm ñdm`Îm {Z`m_H$ g§ñWm§H$Sy>Z PwH$Vo _mn {Xbo OmB©b, Agm Amjon `mg§ñWm{déÜX _m§S>bm OmVmo. Oa g§ §Ìo ~ZdUmè`m H§$nÝ`m§Zm bm^Xm`H$ R>aUmè`m‘[a~oQ>’Mm àñVmd {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo _mÝ` Ho$bm Va darb Amjonmbm ~i {_iyZË`m~m~VMo CXmhaU åhUyZ àm{YH$aUmMm hm {ZU© OJâmÀ`m Aä`mgH$m§H$Sy>Z _m§S>bm

OmB©b, ho bjmV ¿`m`bm hdo.

2. R>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_ {ZpíMVrÀ`m à{H«$òg {damoY H$m?2. R>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_ {ZpíMVrÀ`m à{H«$òg {damoY H$m?2. R>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_ {ZpíMVrÀ`m à{H«$òg {damoY H$m?2. R>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_ {ZpíMVrÀ`m à{H«$òg {damoY H$m?2. R>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_ {ZpíMVrÀ`m à{H«$òg {damoY H$m?

ObXa {d{Z`_ {ZpíMVrÀ`m à{H«$ o_Ü o _yb yV C{Udm AmT>iVmV. gXaC{Udm§_wio hr à{H«$`m H$m`ÚmVrb bmoH$gh^mJr VÎdm§Mr n[anyU© A§_b~OmdUr H$aÊ`mVAnèr R>aVo. `mVrb R>iH$ C{Udm nwT>rbà_mUo :

2.1 H$m`©H$jmË_H$ AQ>t_Yrb à{H«$òg§~§YmVrb AQ>tMr nyV©Vm Zmhr2.1 H$m`©H$jmË_H$ AQ>t_Yrb à{H«$òg§~§YmVrb AQ>tMr nyV©Vm Zmhr2.1 H$m`©H$jmË_H$ AQ>t_Yrb à{H«$òg§~§YmVrb AQ>tMr nyV©Vm Zmhr2.1 H$m`©H$jmË_H$ AQ>t_Yrb à{H«$òg§~§YmVrb AQ>tMr nyV©Vm Zmhr2.1 H$m`©H$jmË_H$ AQ>t_Yrb à{H«$òg§~§YmVrb AQ>tMr nyV©Vm Zmhr

2.1.12.1.12.1.12.1.12.1.1 Ob Xa {d{Z`_ {ZpíMVrÀ`m à{H«$ o_Ü o {hVYmaH$m§Mm (ñQ>oH$hmoëS>g©) gh^mJH$gm KoVbm Omdm, `m~m~VrV g{dñVa {ddoMZ d {Z`_mdbr Agbobo ‘H$m_H$mOàMmbZ {d{Z`_’ (H§$S>ŠQ> A°m\$ {~PZog ao½ wboeZ - gr.~r.Ama.) V`ma H$aUoH$m ©H$jmË_H$ AQ>tZwgma A{Zdm © hmoVo. _mÌ mH$S>o Xwb©j H$ê$Z gXa à{H«$`m H$moUË`mhr{d{Z`_m§{dZm gwé H$aÊ`mV Ambobr {XgVo. Ë`m_wio gXa à{H«$`m, {VMo Q>ßno, d Ano{jV

29 30

g§X © : ‘à`mg’ g§ñWoZo Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmg {X.15 OmZodmar 2009 amoOr gmXa Ho$boë`m {ZdoXZm_Yrb Vº$m 1 Vo 4 Mm g§X ©KoVbm Amho. gXa VŠË`mVrb ‘nyU© Xwb©j’ Pmboë`m Jmoï>t_Ü o 36.5% Ame`mMr AnyV©Vm Amho Va 6.5% à{H«$ oMr AnyV©Vm Amho.

n[aUm_ `m~m~V nmaXe©H$Vm d nyd©{ZpíMVr Zmhr. CXmhaUmW©, Ñï>r{Z~§Ym_Ü o R>moH$ ObXa {d{Z`_m§Mm H$ƒm _gwXm gm_m{dï> Zgë`m_wio gXa _gwÚmda gKZ nÕVrMrg„m_gbV à{H«$`m hmoUma H$s Zmhr `m~m~V AnmaXe©H$Vm Amho. Ë`m_wio AZoH$ A§Jm§ZrAnyU© Agboë`m Ñï>r{Z~§Ymda g„m_gbVrMr à{H«$`m KS>dyZ, Ë`mZ§Va WoQ> {d{Z`_ dOb XamMo A§{V_ AmXoe Va Omhra Ho$bo OmUma ZmhrV Zm, Aer e§H$m {hVYmaH$m§_Ü oAmho. Ago Pmë`mg Vo H$m`ÚmV g_m{dï> Agboë`m bmoH$gh^mJmÀ`m VÎdmÀ`m {damoYrR>aob. Ob Xa {Z`_Z VgoM Xam~m~VÀ`m AmXoemÀ`m Q>ßß`mV g„m_gbVrMr à{H«$`mnwÝhm KoVbr OmB©b, Ago AmídmgZ `m~m~V àm{YH$aUmZo {Xbo Amho. _mÌ `m{df`rVmËnwaË`m ñVamda Var ñnï> {Z`_ d AQ>r AmImì`mV Ago àË`j oQ>rV gwM{dë`mdaàm{YH$aUmZo XwX£dmZo `m JmoîQ>rbm ZH$ma {Xbm.

2.1.22.1.22.1.22.1.22.1.2 R>moH$ Ob XamÀ`m VÎdm§~m~V ñdV§Ì g„m_gbV à{H«$`m H$m ©H$jmË_H$ AQ>tZwgmaAno{jV hmoVr. gXa AQ>tZwgma Ñï>r{Z~§YmÀ`m ^mJ 1 _Ü o R>moH$ Ob XamMr VÎdo g_m{dï>H$éZ, Ë`m§Mo nwZ{d©bmoH$Z d _§OwarMr à{H«$`m nyU© Pmë`mZ§VaM nwT>À`m ^mJmMr _m§S>UrAno{jV hmoVr. _mÌ gXa AQ>tZm YyS>H$mdyZ bmdbo Jobo Amho. R>moH$ Ob Xam§À`m VÎdm§~m~VH$moUVrhr ñnï> y{_H$m Z KoVm d Ë`m~m~V g„m_gbV Z H$aVm gai R>moH$ Ob Xa{ZpíMVrn ªVMm Q>ßnm gÜ`m gwé Agboë`m g„m_gbVrÀ`m à{H«$ oV JmR>bm Amho.

2.1.32.1.32.1.32.1.32.1.3 darb _wÚm§déZ bjmV oVo H$s, Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo gXa H$m_mgmR>r‘H$m_H$mO àMmbZ {d{Z`_’ (gr.~r.Ama) Va V`ma Ho$bo ZmhrVM, nU ñdV: V`maHo$boë`m H$m ©H$jmË_H$ AQ>rgwÜXm nmië`m Zmhr. mMmM AW© H$m_H$mOmMo {d{dY H$m`Xo,{Z`_, d {d{Z`_m§À`m Mm¡H$Q>rV amhÿZ BVam§À`m H$m_H$mOmMo {Z`_Z H$aUo Á`m {Z`_Zàm{YH$aUmH$Sy>Z A{^àoV Amho, Vo ñdV:À`m H$m_H$mOmgmR>r _mÌ R>aboë`m AQ>r nmiVZmhr. `m n[apñWVrMo R>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_ {ZpíMVr VgoM Xa {ZpíMVrÀ`m nwT>rbà{H«$ oV J§ ra n[aUm_ hmoD$ eH$VmV. `mg§X^m©V ho XoIrb bjmV KoVbo nm{hOo H$sñd §godr g§ñWm§Zr dma§dma AmR>dU H$éZ XoD$ZgwÜXm {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo ñdV:À`mH$m_H$mOmg§~§YmVrb {d{Z`_ V`ma H$aÊ`mMr Q>mimQ>mi Ho$br Amho. IaoVa, ñdm`Îm{Z`m_H$ g§ñWoZo ñdV:Mo H$m_H$mO {df`H$ {d{Z`_ Vm~S>Vmo~rZo V`ma H$aUo Ano{jVAgVo. øm Q>mimQ>mir_wio ñdV:Mo H$m_H$mO {Z`_mZwgma MmbdÊ`mbm {Z`_Zàm{YH$aUmMm {damoY Amho Agm H$mhrgm g_O ngabm Amho. Ë`m_Ü o R>moH$ Ob Xaà{H«$ oÀ`m g§X^m©Vrb _hÎdmÀ`m ÌwQ>tMr AmVm â nS>Vo Amho. `m_Ü o doirM gwYmaUm

Pmbr Zmhr Va {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmMr nmaXe©H$Vm d CÎmaXm{`Ëd `m~m~V Vrd« e§H$mCnpñWV hmoVrb, ho bjmV ¿`m`bm hdo.

2.2 g„m_gbVrÀ m à{H«$ o_Ü o eoVH$ar d J«m_rU mJmVrb BVa {hVYmaH$m§Zm dJiÊ mMm ~oV2.2 g„m_gbVrÀ m à{H«$ o_Ü o eoVH$ar d J«m_rU mJmVrb BVa {hVYmaH$m§Zm dJiÊ mMm ~oV2.2 g„m_gbVrÀ m à{H«$ o_Ü o eoVH$ar d J«m_rU mJmVrb BVa {hVYmaH$m§Zm dJiÊ mMm ~oV2.2 g„m_gbVrÀ m à{H«$ o_Ü o eoVH$ar d J«m_rU mJmVrb BVa {hVYmaH$m§Zm dJiÊ mMm ~oV2.2 g„m_gbVrÀ m à{H«$ o_Ü o eoVH$ar d J«m_rU mJmVrb BVa {hVYmaH$m§Zm dJiÊ mMm ~oV

2.2.12.2.12.2.12.2.12.2.1 H$m ©H$jmË_H$ AQ>tZwgma g„m_gbVrgmR>r gmXa H$aÊ`mV Ambobm g§nyU©Ñï>r{Z~§Y _amR>r ^mfoV V`ma H$aUo A{Zdm © hmoVo. _mÌ hr AQ> Z nmiVm Ob {Z`_Zàm{YH$aUmZo B§J«Or_Yrb Ñï>r{Z~§Ymda AmYm[aV Am¡nMm[aH$ d Omhra ñdénmVrbg„m_gbVrMr à{H«$`m gwé Ho$br. {X. 30 Zmoìh|~a 2008 hr {d{dY {hVYmaH$m§ZrAmnbr _Vo d gyMZm nmR>{dÊ`mMr A§{V_ VmarI CbQy>Z Joë`mdahr _amR>rVrb Ñï>r{Z~§YV`ma Ho$bm Jobm Zmhr. B§J«Or ^mfm Z g_OUmè`m Ag§»` eoVH$è`m§Zm d Ë`m§À`m nmUrdmna g§ñWm§Zm gXa à{H«$ oVyZ d§{MV H$aÊ`mV Ambo. eoVH$ar hm R>moH$ Obm~m~V gdm©V_moR>m {hVYmaH$ AgyZgwÜXm Ë`m§À`m JaOm§H$S>o Xwb©j H$aUo, ho _.O.{Z.àm. H$m`ÚmVrb dH$m ©H$jmË_H$ AQ>t_Yrb bmoH$gh^mJmMr VÎdo d VaVyXr `m§À`m {damoYr R>aVo.

2.2.22.2.22.2.22.2.22.2.2 {d{dY g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm§À`m gyMZm§Z§Va gXa Ñï>r{Z~§YmMm \$º$ Jmofdmam _amR>r^mfoV V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambm. _mÌ Vmon ªV {X. 30 Zmoìh|~a 2008 hr A§{V_ _wXV Q>iyZJobr hmoVr. _amR>rVrb Jmofdmam hm {X. 29 {S>g|~a 2008 amoOr àm{YH$aUmÀ`m g§Ho$VñWimda CnbãY Pmbm. Ë`mda eoVH$è`m§Zr Amnbr _Vo d gyMZm nmR>{dÊ`mMr A§{V_VmarI {X. 15 OmZodmar 2009 XoÊ`mV Ambr. Aem àH$mao Oo_Vo_ 15 {Xdgm§Mm AdYr`mgmR>r XoÊ`mV Ambm. VgoM gXa VmarI d _amR>r Jmofdmam \$º$ g§Ho$VñWimda XoÊ`mVAmbm hmoVm. Ë`m_wio eoVH$è`m§n ªV hr _m{hVr nmohMUo d Ë`m§Zr 15 {Xdgm§À`m AmVAmnbr _Vo d gyMZm _m§S>Uo AeŠ` Pmbo. `mdéZ bjmV oVo H$s g„m_gbVrÀ`mn{hë`m Q>ßß`mV eoVH$è`m§À`m JaOm§H$S>o nyU©V: Xwb©j H$aÊ`mV Ambo.

2.2.32.2.32.2.32.2.32.2.3 Ñï>r{Z~§YmÀ`m _amR>r Jmofdmè`mV Ag§»` MwH$m AmhoV. VgoM gXa Jmofdmè`m_YyZÑï>r{Z~§YmMo n[anyU© {MÌ g_moa oV Zmhr. Ë`m_wio gXa Jmofdmè`mÀ`m AmYmao R>moH$ ObdmnamÀ`m gdm©V _moR>çm àdJm©~amo~a g„m_gbV à{H«$`m KS>{dUo {ZaW©H$ R>aVo.

2.2.42.2.42.2.42.2.42.2.4 Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo Omhra Ho$boë`m amÁ`mVrb Mma {R>H$mUÀ`mg„m_gbVrÀ`m ~¡R>H$m§À`m à{H«$ oVhr eoVH$è`m§À`m JaOm§Mm {dMma Ho$bm Jobm Zmhr. gXa~¡R>H$m§Mm H$mbmdYr \$º$ 3 Vmg Agë`m_wio m Aën H$mbmdYrV R>moH$ Ob Xamgma»`mH$irÀ`m àíZm§da 3-5 {Oëøm§À`m eoVH$è`m§Zm Amnbr _Vo _m§S>Uo AeŠ` Amho.

31 32

`mM~amo~a gXa Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb H$irMo _wÔo ñWm{ZH$ eoVH$è`m§n ªV d Ë`m§À`m nmUr dmnaJQ>m§n ªV nmohMmdoV m hoVyZo, VmbwH$m nmVirda eŠ` Zgbo Var, {H$_mZ {Oëhm ñVamdaH$m ©emim KoUo qH$dm OZOmJ¥VrMo BVa n`m© dmnaUo, m§Mm {dMma Pmbobm Zmhr. Ë`m_wiohr g§nyU© à{H«$`m bmImo eoVH$è`m§Zm ZOaoAmS> R>odyZ nma nmS>br OmUma, Ago {XgVo.

2.2.52.2.52.2.52.2.52.2.5 gXa ~¡R>H$m§_Ü o Amnbr _Vo {b{IV ñdénmV A{^{bIrV H$aÊ`mMr AQ> hreoVH$è`m§À`m Ñï>rZo OmMH$ Amho. hr AQ> H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Ê`mV oB©b Ago g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm§À`m~¡R>H$sXaå`mZ àm{YH$aUmZo _mÝ` Ho$bo.

2.2.62.2.62.2.62.2.62.2.6 g„m_gbVrgmR>r XoÊ`mV Ambobm _amR>rVrb Jmofdmam àm{YH$aUmÀ`mg§Ho$VñWimda CnbãY Amho Am{U amÁ`mVrb Mma à_wI eham§_Yrb emgH$s` H$m`m©b`mV\$º$ AdbmoH$ZmgmR>r CnbãY Amho. `m XmoÝhr òmoVm§Mm {dMma H$aVm, gXa JmofdmamdmMÊ`mMr d Aä`mgÊ`mMr g§Yr {_iÊ`mnmgyZ eoVH$ar d§{MV amhUma `mV e§H$m Zmhr.

{Z`_Z àm{YH$aU H$s {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU H$s {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU H$s {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU H$s {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU H$s ‘dgwbr àm{YH$aUdgwbr àm{YH$aUdgwbr àm{YH$aUdgwbr àm{YH$aUdgwbr àm{YH$aU’

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gmam§emZo, R>moH$ Ob Xa R>a{dVmZm g_Ý`m`, H$m ©j_Vm, àXyfU, emídVVm,nmÊ`mMm J¡a dmna `mn¡H$s Hw$R>ë`mM Jmoï>tMm {dMma {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmÀ`m H$joV ~gVZmhr, Ago àm{YH$aUmMo åhUUo Amho. Iao Va `m Jmoï>r§Zm H$m`ÚmV VgoM Ob ZrVr_Ü o`mo½` Vmo AmYma Amho. na§Vw àm{YH$aUmZo ñdV:M Oa Amnë`m H$m ©H$jobm _`m©Xm KmVë`mVa {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU åhUOo ‘IMm©Mr dgwbr H$aUmar g§ñWm’ Agm g_O ngaob.


Ob {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo R>moH$ Ob Xa {d{Z`_ {ZpíMV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Or à{H«$`mgwê$ Ho$br Amho, Ë`m_Ü o AZoH$ J§ ra ÌwQ>r AmhoV. {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmMm Omo Ñ{ï>H$moZ mg§X^m©V nwT>o Ambm Amho, Ë`m_Ü o Ame`mÀ`m Am{U à{H«$ oÀ`m Ñï>rZo AZoH$ _yb yV ~XbH$aÊ`mMr JaO àH$fm©Zo OmUdVo. Ago ~Xb Ho$bo Jobo ZmhrV, Va AË §V gXmof Am{UAemór` nm`mda gwê$ AgUmar R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrMr à{H«$`m nwT>o aoQ>br OmB©b Am{UË`mMm gdm©{YH$ \$Q>H$m _hmamï´>mVrb N>moQ>o eoVH$ar, {ZåZ _Ü`_dJu`, Am{U Jar~ bmoH$`m§Zm ~gob. ho bjmV KoVm m {df`mda H¥$VrÀ`m H$moUË`m eŠ`Vm {XgVmV, mda nwT>rb^mJmV _m§S>Ur Ho$br Amho.

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33 34

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• `mM~amo~a àm{YH$aUmZo {Xboë`m {d{dY AmídmgZm§À`m nyV©Vo~m~V AmJ«h YaÊ`mMoH$m_ {d{dY g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm nwT>À`m H$mimV H$aUma AmhoV.

H¥$VrH$m`©H«$_mMr {XemH¥$VrH$m`©H«$_mMr {XemH¥$VrH$m`©H«$_mMr {XemH¥$VrH$m`©H«$_mMr {XemH¥$VrH$m`©H«$_mMr {Xem

R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrÀ`m à{H«$ oMo ì`mnH$ n[aUm_ bjmV KoVm, ZmJar g_mOmVrbJQ>, gm_m{OH$-amOH$s` MidirVrb H$m ©H$V}, amOH$s` nj, Am{U Aä`mgH$`m§À`mH$Sy>Z R>mog H¥$Vr hmoÊ`mMr JaO OmUdVo. H¥$VrH$m ©H«$_mMm {dMma XmoZ nmVù`m§daH$aVm oB©b. EH$ åhUOo, Ob joÌmVrb ~Xbm§~m~V XrK©H$mbrZ hñVjonmÀ`m Ñï>rZoH¥$VrÀ`m eŠ`Vm§da {dMma H$aUo. XmoZ, gÜ`m gwê$ AgUmè`m à{H«$ oVrb A{Zï> mJ H$_r

35 36

H$aÊ`mgmR>r VmVS>rZo nmdbo CMbUo. R>moH$ Ob Xa {ZpíMVrÀ`m à{H«$ o~m~V ZmJ[aH$Am{U g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm§gmR>r H¥$VrH$m ©H«$_mMr nwT>rb {Xem Agy eH$Vo:

§ àm{YH$aUmZo Omhra Ho$boë`m ZdrZ gyMZoZwgma `m {df`mdarb g„m_gbVrÀ`m~¡R>H$m nwT>rbà_mUo R>adÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV: _w§~B© (5 \o$~«wdmar), nwUo (12 \o$~«wdmar),H$moëhmnya (13 \o$~«wdmar), noU (17 \o$~«wdmar), Am¡a§Jm~mX (20 \o$~«wdmar), A_amdVr(25 \o$~«wdmar), ZmJnya (26 \o$~«wdmar), Zm{eH$ (4 _mM©), Am{U Amoamog, qgYwXwJ© (6_mM©). (g§X ©: bmoH$gÎmm, 1 \o$~«wdmar, 2009, nmZ H«$. 5) m ~¡R>H$m§_Ü o _moR>çm g§» oZogh^mJr hmoD$Z `m {df`mdarb Amnbr _Vo, gyMZm, Am{U A{^àm` {Z`_Zàm{YH$aUmÀ`m {dMmamW© R>odUo. ({d{dY g§ñWm-g§KQ>Zm§Zr Ho$boë`m {díbofUm_YyZ Á`mgyMZm Am{U _mJÊ`m nwT>o Amë`m AmhoV, Ë`m§Mm Jmofdmam n[a{eï>mV {Xbm Amho. Ë`mAmYmaoboIr {ZdoXZ V`ma H$ê$Z g„m_gbVrÀ`m ~¡R>H$sV _m§S>Vm oB©b.)

§ R>moH$ Ob Xa `m {df`mda bmoH${hVmÀ`m _wX²Úm§Mm OmñVrV OmñV àgma H$aUo.Ë`mgmR>r {d{dY _mÜ`_m§Mm dmna H$aUo.

§ R>moH$ Ob Xam{df`r bmoH${hVmÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ Á`m _mJÊ`m nwT>o oV AmhoV, Ë`m§Mm{Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmÀ`m ñVamda gVV nmR>nwamdm H$aUo. {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU `mZ§Va ObXa {d{Z`_ Am{U Ob Xa AmXoe H$mT>VmZm g„m_gbVrMr à{H«$`m KS>dUma Amho. `mà{H«$ oV ^mJ KoÊ`mgmR>r `m {df`mMr V`mar H$aUo.

§ bmoH${hVmÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ R>moH$ Ob Xa H$moUË`m VÎdm§da AgmdoV Am{U H$moUË`mnÜXVrZo V`ma Ho$bo OmdoV, `mda {dMma{d{Z_`mMr à{H«$`m KS>dUo Am{U Ë`m_Yrb{ZîH$f© àm{YH$aUmbm gmXa H$aUo. `m {ZîH$fmªMm àm{YH$aUmZo Jm§ r`m©Zo {dMma H$amdm,`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ Vo à`ËZ H$aUo.

§ {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmMo ñdê$n Am{U y{_H$m m{df`r ñnï>Vm AmUUo Am{U Ob joÌmVrbCnbãY H$m`Xoera OmJm§Mm dmna H$gm H$aVm oB©b, `m{df`r {dMma Am{U H¥$Vr H$aUo.

§ {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmZo Ob joÌmVrb {d{dY g_ñ`m gmoS>dÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo Am{UbmoH${hVmÀ`m y{_Ho$VyZ H$ma^ma H$amdm, mgmR>r Midir Am{U OZ_VmMm X~md {Z_m©U H$aUo.

uuu

n[a{eï> 1n[a{eï> 1n[a{eï> 1n[a{eï> 1n[a{eï> 1R>moH$ Ob Xam~m~V _hmamï> Obg§nÎmr {Z`_Z àm{YH$aUmg

gyMZm d _mJÊ`m

g_Ý`m`r VÎd bmJy H$aÊ`m~m~V _mJÊ`m:g_Ý`m`r VÎd bmJy H$aÊ`m~m~V _mJÊ`m:g_Ý`m`r VÎd bmJy H$aÊ`m~m~V _mJÊ`m:g_Ý`m`r VÎd bmJy H$aÊ`m~m~V _mJÊ`m:g_Ý`m`r VÎd bmJy H$aÊ`m~m~V _mJÊ`m:

1.1.1.1.1. _hmamï´> Obg§nÎmr {Z`_Z àm{YH$aU A{Y{Z`_, 2005 _Ü o _mÝ` PmbobonmÊ`mÀ`m g_Ý`m`r ì`dñWmnZmMo VÎd A§_bmV AmUÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mMr Ob Xamer gm§JS>KmbÊ`mV `mdr.

2.2.2.2.2. ‘IM©-dgwbr’ VÎd bmJy H$aVmZm ‘AmñWmnZm-IM©’ (CXm. A{^ §Ë`m§Mo nJma dì`dñWmnH$s` IM©) d BVa IMm©V {Z`{_V dmT> hmoV amhVo. _mÌ, Ë`mM {Z`{_VVoZo dË`mM à_mUmV eoVr_mbmMo ^md dmT>V ZmhrV qH$dm J«m_rU d ehar Jar~m§Mo CËnÞ dmT>VZmhr hr dñVwpñWVr ZmH$maVm oUma Zmhr. hr {df_Vm bjmV KoVm ‘IM©-dgwbr’ ho ObXa R>a{dÊ`mMo àmW{_H$ VÎd Zgmdo.

3.3.3.3.3. ‘nadS>ob Ago Ob Xa’ (ability to pay) ho Ob {ZpíMVrMo àmW{_H$ VÎd _mZmdo.g_Ý`m`mÀ`m VÎdmZwgma nmÊ`mMo Xa ho gm_mÝ` eoVH$è`m§Zm d gm_mOmVrb Jar~-d§{MVdJm©bm nadS>Vrb AgoM Agm`bm hdo.

4.4.4.4.4. amÁ`KQ>ZoZo (H$b_ 21 Zwgma) ‘OJÊ`mMm d CnOr{dHo$Mm h¸$’ gdmªZm àXmZHo$ë`m_wio {H$_mZ OJÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ nmÊ`mMm (OrdZmdí`H$ eoVrgmR>r, d{ZgJm©Ym[aV emídV CnOr{dHo$À`m BVa CnH«$_m§gmR>r {H$_mZ nmÊ`mMm) ImÌreranwadR>m H$aÊ`mV `mdm d Ë`mgmR>r A{Ve` H$_r Xa AgmdoV. {MVio Am`moJmÀ`m{e\$maetà_mUo ho nmUr _mUer EH$ hOma KZ_rQ>a EdT>o Amho.

5.5.5.5.5. S>m|JaXè`mVrb (Ob ómoVOdirb) {d{dY O_mVr, Á`m na§naoZo CnOr{dHo$gmR>rZXr-AmoT>çm§Mo nmUr dmnaVmV, Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m h¸$mMo nmUr dmnaÊ`mgmR>r H$moUVmhr XaZgmdm. Aem {R>H$mUr emgZmZo Oa ^m§S>dbr Jw§VdUyH$ H$éZ Ob nwadR>m Ho$bm Am{UË`mMm \$m`Xm na§namJV nmUr dmnamnojm OmñV ({Zìdi \$m`Xm) Agob VaM Aem nmUrnwadR>çmgmR>r Xa AmH$mamdm d Vmo Xa H$_rV H$_r Agmdm.

6.6.6.6.6. ‘OJÊ`mÀ`m JaOm§gmR>r nmUr dmna’ d ‘ì`mnmar qH$dm ^m§S>db d¥ÜXr H$aÊ`mgmR>rnmUr dmna’ `m \$aH$mÀ`m AmYmamda {ÛñVar` qH$dm {ÌñVar` Xa àUmbr A§_bmV

37 38

AmUmdr. ^m§S>db d¥ÜXrgmR>rÀ`m nmÊ`mMm Xa gdm©V OmñV Agmdm, Va OJÊ`mÀ`mJaOm§gmR>rÀ`m (emídV CnOr{dHo$gmR>r) nmÊ`mMm Xa A{Ve` H$_r Agmdm.

7.7.7.7.7. R>moH$ Ob XamMo à_wI VÎd åhUyZ (Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb n[aÀN>oX 6.1.5 nhm) VgoM R>moH$Ob Xa {ZpíMVrMm ^{dî`mVrb AmamIS>m _m§S>VmZm (Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb AmH¥$Vr 10.1nhm) Ñï>r{Z~§YmV ‘A§VJ©V-AZwXmZ H$nmV’ (H«°$mg-g~{gS>r H$nmV) ho YmoaUAgë`mMo ^mg{dÊ`mV Ambo Amho. àË`jmV ‘Á`m§Zm nadS>Uma Zmhr Ë`m§Zm AZwXmZ’ hoVÎd amÁ` Ob ZrVr_Ü o (amÁ` Ob ZrVr, n[aÀN>oX 4.4) _m§S>bobo Amho. Ë`m_wio‘A§VJ©V-AZwXmZ H$nmV’ ho YmoaU Agë`mMm Ñï>r{Z~§YmVrb (àË`j d AàË`j) C„oIH$mTy>Z Q>mH$Ê`mV mdm. Ë`mEodOr Ob ZrVr_Ü o ‘A§VJ©V-AZwXmZ’ XoÊ`m~m~V Oo YmoaUAmho Ë`mMm g_mdoe Ob XamÀ`m VÎdm§_Ü oM VgoM {d{Z`_m§_Ü o H$amdm.

8.8.8.8.8. nmUr dmna g§ñWm§gmR>r R>moH$ Ob Xa R>adVmZm Ho$di O_rZYmaH$ g^mgXAgboë`m nmUr dmna g§ñWm§MmM {dMma H$aUo `mo½` Zmhr. y{_hrZm§gh JmdmVrb gd©Hw$Qw>§~o g^mgX Agboë`m d g_Ý`m`r VÎdm§À`m AmYmao ñWmnZ Pmboë`m nmUr dmnag§ñWm§Mm doJim {dMma H$amdm. CXm. hU_§V d{S> o Jmd, Vm. H$S>oJm§d, {O. gm§Jbr;VmgJm§d-AmQ>nmS>r VmbwHo$, {O. gm§Jbr; Am{U {MH$moÌm YaU, {O. H$moëhmnya `mgma»`m^mJm§_Ü o g_Ý`m`r VÎdm§da Pmbobo nmUr dmQ>nmÀ`m \o$a AmIUrMo àH$ën d `mgma»`mg_Ý`m`r VÎdm§da AmYm[aV BVa àH$ënm§gmR>r Ob Xam~m~V doJim àñVmd AmIUoJaOoMo Amho.

9. 9. 9. 9. 9. ‘{g§MZmÀ`m nmÊ`mMm dmna Ho$bm Zmhr Varhr {H$_mZ Xa’ hr VaVyX bmJy H$aVmZm‘g_Ý`m`r’ VÎdm§À`m A§JmZo {dMma H$amdm d Ë`mZwgma Cnm` gwM{dÊ`mV `mdoV. gXaYmoaU gagH$Q> gd©Ì bmJy H$é Z o. H$mbì`mÀ`m nwÀN>mH$S>rb (tail enders) eoVH$è`m§MmVgoM Ob nwadR>çmMr godm gwairV Zgboë`m {R>H$mUm§Mm doJim {dMma Ho$bm Omdm.

10.10.10.10.10.XwîH$mi d BVa H$maUm§_wio hmoUmè`m nmÊ`mÀ`m VwQ>dS>çmÀ`m qH$dm Am{W©H$ g§H$Q>mÀ`mH$mimV R>moH$ Ob Xam§Mm g_Ý`m`mÀ`m VÎdmZwgma doJim {dMma Ho$bm Omdm. g_Ý`m`rVÎdmbm YéZ H¥$fr-hdm_mZ {Zhm` Xa aMZm Agmdr.

39 40

{d{dY àH$maMr JiVr, Mmoar, d {ZYrÀ`m AH$m ©j_ dmnamMo {Z`_Z H$aÊ`m~m~V{d{dY àH$maMr JiVr, Mmoar, d {ZYrÀ`m AH$m ©j_ dmnamMo {Z`_Z H$aÊ`m~m~V{d{dY àH$maMr JiVr, Mmoar, d {ZYrÀ`m AH$m ©j_ dmnamMo {Z`_Z H$aÊ`m~m~V{d{dY àH$maMr JiVr, Mmoar, d {ZYrÀ`m AH$m ©j_ dmnamMo {Z`_Z H$aÊ`m~m~V{d{dY àH$maMr JiVr, Mmoar, d {ZYrÀ`m AH$m ©j_ dmnamMo {Z`_Z H$aÊ`m~m~V_mJÊ`m_mJÊ`m_mJÊ`m_mJÊ`m_mJÊ`m:::::

11.11.11.11.11. nmÊ`mMr d _hgybmVrb {d{dY àH$maMr JiVr VgoM Mmoar_wio hmoUmè`m ZwH$gmZrMmZmJ[aH$m§da dmT>rd Ob Xam_m\©$V nS>Umam AÝ`m`H$maH$ ^ma H$_r H$aÊ`mgmR>r{Z`_ZmMo Cnm` H$amdoV. JiVr_wio hmoUmè`m nmÊ`mÀ`m ZmgmS>rMm Am{U Mmoar_wiohmoUmè`m AÝ`m`H$maH$ nmUr dmnamMm ~moOm nmUr Xam§da nS>Vm H$m_m Z o. mg§~§Yr H$S>H${Z`_ H$éZ g§~§{YVm§Zm O~a X§S> H$aÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$amdr.

12.12.12.12.12. nmUrnÅ>r aÊ`mg Oa {db§~ Pmbm Va X§S>mMr {e\$mag Amho. _mÌ nmUrnwadR>m mo½`Zgob, Ë`mMr JwUdÎmm Imbmdbr Agob, Va _mÌ X§S>mË_H$ H$madmB©Mr VaVyX Zmhr.Ë`m_wio Ob nwadR>m godoMo {Z`_Z H$aÊ`mV `mdo d godoMr JwUdÎmm Imbmdë`mgË`m~m~Vhr X§S>mË_H$ d BVa {Z`_ZmMo Cnm` H$amdoV.

13.13.13.13.13.AmñWmnZm (EñQ>°pãbe_|Q>) IM© (A{^ §Ë`m§Mo/H$_©Mmè`m§Mo nJma, B_maVr, d BVaì`dñWmnH$s` IM©) hm XoI^mb-XwéñVrÀ`m IMm©nojm XmoZ Vo VrZnQ> OmñV Amho, Ago_mJrb AmH$S>odmardéZ bjmV oVo. dmë_r g§ñWoZo Ho$boë`m AhdmbmdéZ ñnï> hmoVo H$s,XoI^mb-XwéñVrMm IM© `mo½` doioV d `mo½` ñdénmV Z Ho$ë`m_wio nwT>rb H$mimV `mIMm©V AmUIrZM dmT> hmoV amhVo. `m gd© IMm©Mm g§nyU© ^ma nmUrnÅ>rÛmao ZmJ[aH$m§ZmMCMbmdm bmJUma Amho. Ë`m_wio gXa IMm©V H$nmV H$aÊ`mgmR>r, H$_©Mmè`m§Mr dì`dñWmnZmVrb H$m ©j_Vm dmT>dÊ`mgmR>rMm IM© `mo½` arVrZo hmoV Amho, `mMr ImÌrH$éZ KoÊ`mgmR>r {Z`_ZmMo H$R>moa Cnm` H$aÊ`mV `mdoV.

àXyfU {Z §ÌU, Ob-n`m©daU g§dY©ZmMo {Z`_Z H$aÊ`m~m~V _mJÊ`màXyfU {Z §ÌU, Ob-n`m©daU g§dY©ZmMo {Z`_Z H$aÊ`m~m~V _mJÊ`màXyfU {Z §ÌU, Ob-n`m©daU g§dY©ZmMo {Z`_Z H$aÊ`m~m~V _mJÊ`màXyfU {Z §ÌU, Ob-n`m©daU g§dY©ZmMo {Z`_Z H$aÊ`m~m~V _mJÊ`màXyfU {Z §ÌU, Ob-n`m©daU g§dY©ZmMo {Z`_Z H$aÊ`m~m~V _mJÊ`m:

1414141414.‘àXyfUH$Ë`m©Zo qH$_V MwH$dmdr’ `m H$m`ÚmV _mÝ` Pmboë`m YmoaUmZwgma CÚmoJ,ì`dgm`m_wio hmoUmè`m àXyfUmda X§S>mË_H$ H$madmB© H$aÊ`mV `mdr. àXyfU {Z §ÌUmgmR>rCÚmoJm§Zm H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr gyQ> XoD$ Z o.

15.15.15.15.15. CÚmoJ-ì`dgm` H$aUmè`m§Zm nmÊ`mMm nwZdm©na H$aÊ`m~m~V gº$s H$amdr Am{U VgoZ H$aUmè`m§§Zm O~a X§S> R>admdm.

16.16.16.16.16. n`m©daUr`ÑîQ>çm n[aga {ZamoJr amIÊ`mgmR>r ZÚm, AmoT>o, Zmbo `m§Mm àdmh {H$_mZdmhVm amhÊ`mMr H$miOr KoÊ`mMr VaVyX Agmdr. `mMm _oi Ob Xam§er Kmbmdm.

17.17.17.17.17. H$_rV H$_r nmÊ`mV OmñVrV OmñV CËnmXZ KoÊ`mÀ`m nÜXVrZo nmUr dmnéZ Ë`mMrCËnmXH$Vm dmT>dUmè`m bmoH$m§Zm Img àmoËgmhZ {_iÊ`mMr VaVyX Agmdr.

18.18.18.18.18. ñWm{ZH$ nmUbmoQ>mMo nmUr Am{U ~mhoéZ/H$mbì`mZo oUmao àH$ënm§Mo nmUr, `m§Mmg§ wº$ Cn`moJ H$aÊ`mg àmoËgm{hV H$aUmar R>moH$ Ob Xa àUmbr Agmdr.

IM© dgwbrMm dmQ>m R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r àñVm{dV ^mam§H$Z ZmH$maÊ`m~m~V _mJÊ`mIM© dgwbrMm dmQ>m R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r àñVm{dV ^mam§H$Z ZmH$maÊ`m~m~V _mJÊ`mIM© dgwbrMm dmQ>m R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r àñVm{dV ^mam§H$Z ZmH$maÊ`m~m~V _mJÊ`mIM© dgwbrMm dmQ>m R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r àñVm{dV ^mam§H$Z ZmH$maÊ`m~m~V _mJÊ`mIM© dgwbrMm dmQ>m R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r àñVm{dV ^mam§H$Z ZmH$maÊ`m~m~V _mJÊ`m:

19.19.19.19.19. R>moH$ Ob XamMm {dMma H$aVmZm Ho$di VrZ JQ>m§Mm (KaJwVr, eoVr Am{U CÚmoJ)

{dMma Ho$bm Amho. Ë`m{edm` nmÊ`mMo Oo BVa dmnaH$V} AmhoV (CXmhaUmW©, Ob{dÚwV,_mgo_mar, _Zmoa§OZ) Ë`m§Mm Ob Xam_Ü o {H$Vr dmQ>m AgUma, ho ñnï H$amdo.>

20.20.20.20.20.Xa R>adVmZm ‘Am{W©H$ dmna’ `m {ZH$fmMm g§~§Y Ob Xa âÊ`mÀ`m j_Voerbmdbm Amho. `m {ZH$fm~m~V eoVH$è`m§Mr Xa âÊ`mMr j_Vm CÚmoJm§nojm {Zå_r AmhoAgo J¥hrV Yabo Amho (eoVrbm CÚmoJm§À`m VwbZoV {Zå_o ^mam§H$Z Amho). àË`jmVeoVH$è`m§Mr Xa âÊ`mMr j_Vm CÚmoJm§À`m VwbZoV {Zåå`mnojmhr {H$Ë oH$ nQ>rZo H$_rAmho. Ë`m_wio àñVm{dV ^mam§H$Z ZmH$mamdo.

21.21.21.21.21.VgoM ‘ObnwadR>çmMr {dídmgmh©Vm’ ([abm`{~{bQ>r) `m {ZH$fm~m~V eoVrgmR>rÀ`mnmÊ`mMr ImÌrera d `mo½` à_mUmVrb CnbãYVm ({dídmgmh©Vm) hr Odi OdiCÚmoJm§EdT>rM (83%) Amho, Ago oWo J¥hrV Yabo Amho. àË`jmV nmUrnwadR>m H$aVmZmeoVrjoÌmbm Xwæ`_ ñWmZ {Xbo OmVo. Ë`m_wio ho ^mam§H$Zhr MwH$sMo Amho, Vo ZmH$mamdo.

22.22.22.22.22. ‘KaJwVr Obdmna’ `m nmUr dmna JQ>mgmR>r ^mam§H$Zmà_mUo nmÊ`mMm dmna \$º${nÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm ñd §nmH$ d BVa OrdZmdí`H$ CnH«$_m§gmR>r hmoB©b Ago J¥hrV Amho._mÌ àË`jmV `m JQ>mVrb bmoH$ (ehar ^mJmVrb ZmJ[aH$) ì`mdgm{`H$, _Zmoa§OZ, dBVa H$maUm§gmR>rhr nmÊ`mMm dmna H$aVmV. Ë`m_wio ho ^mam§H$Zhr MwH$sMo Amho Am{U Vo

ZmH$mamdo.

à{H$ o~m~V _mJÊ`m:à{H$ o~m~V _mJÊ`m:à{H$ o~m~V _mJÊ`m:à{H$ o~m~V _mJÊ`m:à{H$ o~m~V _mJÊ`m:23.23.23.23.23.g„m_gbV H$aVmZm eoVH$ar d J«m_rU ^mJmVrb bmoH$m§À`m JaOm bjmV ¿`mì`mV.hr à{H«$`m VmbwH$mñVar` Agmdr. à{H«$`m gwé H$aÊ`mAmYr Ë`m~m~V {d{Z`_ V`maH$amdoV. {d{Z`_m§À`m _gwÚmda nwÝhm g„m_gbV à{H«$`m am~dmdr.

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