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The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’ Developments along the former border line… Michael Cramer MEP Presentation by Michael Cramer Sopron, 24th October 2011

The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

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Michael Cramer MEP. The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’. Developments along the former border line…. Presentation by Michael Cramer Sopron, 24th October 2011. A ride through European History . from the Barents Sea to the Black Sea along the Western border of the former Warsaw Pact member states - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’Developments along the former border line…

Michael Cramer MEP

Presentation by Michael CramerSopron, 24th October 2011

Page 2: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

• from the Barents Sea to the Black Sea

• along the Western border of the former

Warsaw Pact member states

• about 9 000 kilometers

• through 20 countries, 14 of which are

now EU Member States

A ride through European History

Page 3: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

• as close as possible to the border• on comfortable paths • avoiding highly frequented roads• frequently crossing the former border• integrating numerous historic monuments

The route is still a “work in progress“.

The route

Page 4: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

…a European project – an EU project

“The Iron Curtain Trail should be supported as an example of Soft Mobility and as a symbol of the

reunification of Europe.”

European Parliament resolution from 8th of September 2005 on new prospects and new challenges for sustainable European tourism

Page 5: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

The model : « The Berlin Wall Trail »

160 km around former West-Berlin

Page 6: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

The Brandenburg Gate 1961 / 1989

Page 7: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Memorials for the victims of the Wall

Chris Gueffroy Peter Fechter

Page 8: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

« The Berlin Wall tours » - discovering the former border strip

Page 9: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

The Berlin Wall Trail in German…

…and in English

Page 10: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

• Russian-Norwegian border

• Russian-Finnish border

…and the Baltic Coast in:

• Russia• Estonia • Latvia • Lithuania • Kaliningrad exclave• Poland• the former GDR

The Northern part

Page 11: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

The Northern part

Norway: Starting point in Grense Jakobselv at the Norwegian-Russian border

Page 12: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Norway: Kirkenes

The Northern part

Page 13: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Finland: border near Raatteentie Finland: Jyränkoski memorial

The Northern part

Page 14: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

The Northern part

Russia: Vyborg with castle and Fyodor Apraksin Monument

Russia: Winter Palace in St. Petersburg

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Page 15: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

The Northern part

Estonia: The Narva river marks the EU border with Russia

Estonia: Tallinn

Page 16: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

The Northern part

Latvia: Riga Museum of the Occupation Latvia: Riga Freedom Monument

Page 17: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

The Northern part

Lithuania: Courland SpitLithuania: Coast in Lithuania

Page 18: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Kaliningrad: Kant Memorial Kaliningrad: the Cathedral

The Baltics and the Kaliningrad exclave

Page 19: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

The current situation

Poland: signposted, but bicycle unfriendly trail (R 64) on the Courland Spit

Page 20: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Poland: Gdańsk city center

Along the Polish coast

Poland: Solidarność memorial

Page 21: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Poland: Former German military infrastructure

Poland: Remains of a church near Rewal

Along the Polish coast

Page 22: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Poland: Dolgie-Wilkie lakePoland: Mrzeżyno military zone

Along the Polish coast

Page 23: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Poland/Germany: Crossing the Swine river

Poland: Railway Station in Świnoujście

Along the Polish coast

Page 24: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Wismar: the old townRerik: between the Baltic Sea and a lagoon

 Along the coast of the former GDR

Page 25: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

 Through Central Europe

The former German-German border

and the borders between

• Czech Republic / Germany

• Czech Republic / Austria

• Slovakia / Austria

Page 26: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Before 1989: The Baltic Sea near Priwall at Travemünde

After 1989: The open border near Priwall at Travemünde

Along the former inner-German border

Page 27: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Before 1989: a border patrol boat near Bleckede

After 1989: a ferry-service near Bleckede

Along the former inner-German border

Page 28: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Before 1989: Mödlareuth then called „Little Berlin“ with the wall

After 1989: Mödlareuth today without the wall

Along the former inner-German border

Page 29: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Before 1989: Lindewerra with watch tower and broken bridge

After 1989: Lindewerra with the bridge instead of a watch tower

Along the former inner-German border

Page 30: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Point Alpha: Former death strip with US and Soviet watchtower

Point Alpha: Remnants of the border fence in the open-air museum

Along the former inner-German border

Page 31: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Before 1989: Görsdorf with the death strip

After 1989: Nature is back again in Görsdorf

Along the former inner-German border

Page 32: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Through South-East Europe

The borders between...

• Hungary - Austria,• Hungary - Slovenia • Hungary – Croatia• Hungary - Serbia

• Romania – Serbia

• Bulgaria - Serbia • Bulgaria - Macedonia• Bulgaria - Greece • Bulgaria - Turkey

Page 33: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Through Central Europe

Czech Republic: Memorial for the victimes of the Iron Curtain near Svätý Kríž

Czech Republic: The Iron Curtain near Cheb (around 1980)

Page 34: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Through Central Europe

Czech Republic: Sculpture near the border point of Dolní Hraničná

Slovakia: remnants of the barbed wire

Page 35: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Through Central Europe

Hungary: Alois Mock and Gyula Horn cutting the fence on 27/06/1989

Austria: Iron Curtain Memorialnear Guglwald

Page 36: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Hegyeshalom: Memorial for the border opening 1989

Page 37: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Through Central Europe

Hungary: Memorial ‘Umbruch’ (upheaval) in Sopron

Hungary: Open door memorial in Sopron

Page 38: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Slovenia: beautiful scenery near Lendava

Croatia: memorial near Batina

Through Central Europe

Page 39: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Serbia: Tabula Traiana

Through South-East Europe

Romania: Decibal sculpture

Page 40: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Romania & Serbia: Trajan‘s Bridge on 19 arches and 20 pillars (105 A.D.)

Through South-East Europe

Page 41: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Through South-East Europe

Bulgaria: Watch tower near HalovoSerbia: War Monument in Halovo

Page 42: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Through South-East Europe

Macedonia: The border near Novo Selo without barbed wire

Bulgaria: The Bulgarian border near Novo Selo

Page 43: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Through South-East Europe

Macedonia: The former Yugoslavian watch tower

Bulgaria: Bulgarian watch tower near Novo Selo

Page 44: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Through South-East Europe

Macedonia: Endpoint of a day trip along the Iron Curtain Trail

Greece: The village of Petrotá

Page 45: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Edirne: Bridge across Meric Nehri River (Evros), constructed between 1554-1560

Page 46: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Edirne: Selimiye Mosque (1575) with highest minarets of Turkey (71m)

Page 47: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Bulgarian watchtower at the border between Turkey and Bulgaria

Page 48: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Turkish watchtower at the border between Turkey and Bulgaria

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The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

• Finnish-Russian National Park• GE-CZ Bavarian Forest – Sumava• AT-CZ Thayatal – Podyjí• AT-HU Fertö-Hansag (Neusiedler

See)

NB: Moving patterns of deer at the German-Czech border

National parks along the ICT

Page 50: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

- an ecological network under the umbrella of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)

- symbolizes the global effort for joint, cross border activities in nature conservation and sustainable development

- connects National Parks, Nature Parks, Biosphere Reserves and transboundary protected areas along or across borders

- patron: Mikhail Gorbachev, President of Green Cross International

- the Iron Curtain Trail creates a sustainable way to acces the Green Belt

The Iron Curtain Trail and the European Green Belt

Page 51: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Developments in 2011

Page 52: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

New EU competences in tourism under the Lisbon Treaty

Article § 195 of the Lisbon Treaty

TOURISM

(1) The Union shall complement the action of the Member States in the tourism sector […]

To that end, Union action shall be aimed at:

a) encouraging the creation of a favourable environment for the development of undertakings in this sector;

b) promoting cooperation between the Member States, particularly by the exchange of good practice.

Page 53: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

EU-Funding

Available EU funding in the 2011 budget

Preparatory action – Sustainable tourismTotal budget: 1 mio. EUR

European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)Total budget: more than 1 billion EUR

Cross-border cooperation (INTERREG)Total budget: 50 mio. EUR

Call for Proposals 2011

EU General Directorate Enterprise and Tourism: Co-financing (75%) of transnational cooperations of European cultural routes (deadline: 7.10.2011)Total budget: 500.000 EURhttp://ec.europa.eu/entreprise/contracts-grants/Calls-for-proposals/

Page 54: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

EU Co-funding

Attribution of EU co-funding by mode of transport

60

20

0,7

19,1

RoadRailBikeOther

Hungary leads the way: It uses 2% of EU funding for cycling

Page 55: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

The European Cycle Route Network EuroVelo

• Study to evaluate the challenges and opportunities of developing a cycle tourism network across Europe

• “Iron Curtain Trail“ is expressly mentioned

• history as the only potential for tourism in remote regions

• Available online: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/tourism/iron-curtain-trail/files/ep_study eurovelo_en.pdf

Page 56: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Workshops on the ICT

Transnational workshops on the Iron Curtain Trail 2009/10

Organised by the European Commission in:

- Warsaw

- Sopron (Hungary)

- SofiaOrganised by the German development agency (GTZ):

- Macedonia: Memorandum of Understanding

Page 57: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

The EuroVelo routes

1. Atlantic Coast Route2. Capitals Route3. Pilgrams Route4. Central Europe Route5. Via Romea Francigena Route6. Rivers Route7. Sun Route8. Mediterranean Route9. Amber Route10. Hansa Circuit11. East Europe Route12. North Sea Cycle Route13. Iron Curtain Trail15. Rhine Route

Page 58: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

EuroVelo Route No.13

Page 59: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Aims for the development of the ICT

1. Integration on local, regional and national level

2. Signposting with the logo 3. Developping and maintaining the trail in

a bicycle friendly manner

Page 60: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Iron curtain trail around Sopron

Page 61: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Border Austria-Germany-Hungary

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The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Proposal new trail route

Page 63: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Sculpture parc Andau

Page 64: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Crawling under the barbed wire…

Page 65: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Bridge of Andau

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The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Memorial 1956

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The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Hungarian watchtower at Andau bridge

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The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Szombathely

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The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Szombathely

Page 70: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Hungary: watch tower in museum

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The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Deutsch-Schützen: St. Martin church and memorial

plaque

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The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

EU Co-financing optionsexample: Austria

Page 73: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

In English In German

Page 74: The ‘Iron Curtain Trail’

The Iron Curtain Trail – a model for sustainable tourism in Europe

Thank you for your attention!

Find out more on www.ironcurtaintrail.eu