Towards Global Earth Observation of Rice LeToan_0.pdf · 2018-06-22 · Towards Global Earth Observation of Rice . Lam Dao Nguyen, Hoang Phi Phung. VNSC/VAST, Vietnam. Pham Duy Tien

Towards Global Earth Observation of Rice

Lam Dao Nguyen, Hoang Phi PhungVNSC/VAST, Vietnam

Pham Duy TienUniversity of An Giang , Vietnam

Sandrine DanielCapgemini, Toulouse, France

Thuy Le Toan Hoa Phan, Alexandre Bouvet, Thierry Koleck

CESBIO, Toulouse, France

o Among EO data, SAR data have been proved efficient for ricemonitoring since late 80’s , but applications have been hamperedby lack of systematic and cost effective data

o Sentinel-1 represents unpreceding opportunity for operational ricemonitoring applications

o R&D Demonstrator projects were urgently needed with the launchof Sentinel-1 in April 2014

The GEORICE Project

Rice is the most critical staple food for more than half of humanity,with the majority in developing world (90% in Asia)

Context of the project

The project focuses on demonstrating the full use of Sentinel-1observations for providing operational rice mapping products

Requirements/feedbacks of potential users in the studyregions are investigated to target the service provisiondevelopment

The demonstration was performed on the Mekong river delta,in Vietnam Extension, adaptation to other regions and countries wereforeseen if successful initial demonstration

Project objectives

T.Le Toan LC/LUC –Int Regional Science Meeting-28-30 May 2018

1. User requirements are well understood (products, accuracy,

timeliness)

2. Systematic EO data acquisitions

3. Freely accessible (or cost effective) EO data

4. Methods to transform the data into products that meet the

users requirements are developed and validated

5. Operational data processing (e.g. cloud processing..)

6. Timeliness of the products dissemination to the users

Requirements for operational applications


The Target Users

The main national target users identified during the course of the project in Vietnam are governmental agencies.

These users are also the target of GEOGLAM in which Asia-Rice is a component.

The project focus will not be on the users of private sectors.


Asia-RiCE Website: http://www.asia-rice.org

Asia-RiCE (Asia Rice Crop Estimation & Monitoring) program led by JAXA with CNES and more than 20 Asian Space Agencies and Ministries of Agriculture with International organizations such as ASEAN/AFSIS, UN/FAO, IRRI, from 2013 . POC: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

GEORICE project is conducted in connection with Asia-Rice

http://www.asia-rice.org/

mailto:[email protected]



1. Main requirements :Rice sown and harvested area, rice cropping density, rice production for statistics at administrative units (province, region, countryRice status, growth anomaly for early qualitative information on future production

2. Other requirements:Rice phenology: to manage irrigation, fertilisation, pesticide, and combined with weather forecast, for disaster mitigationRice sowing date: for planning of irrigation, treatment, harvestRice varieties: for market informationField water status: for irrigation planning, water consumation

1. 1. Understanding and meeting the user needs


1. Understanding and meeting the user needs

Main rice monitoring products

Rice area, rice cropping density, growth status

Users Temporal scale Spatial scale

GEOGLAM/Asia Rice Monthly reporting National to global

National agencies Monthly to yearly Commune, district, province, country

Local Agencies NRT (on IT platform) Village, commune, district, province

1. 1. Understanding and meeting the user needs


2. Systematic EO data acquisition


Every 12 days except few gaps6 days with Setinel-1B since 1 Oct 2016

3. Freely accessible Sentinel-1 data

05 May 2017

VHVV

Automatically dowloaded and preprocessed at CESBIO

Big Data challenge


1. To understand the S1 response of rice fields with- specific frequency, polarisations , incidence angle - diversity of rice ecosystems over 250x250 km scenes

2. To exploit dense time series of data (12 or 6 days)

3. To develop methods for mapping of rice grown areas, monitoring of phenological stages, growth anomaly

4. To deal with large amount of data (at 20 m resolution)

4. Research needed for method development


10/01/2015 VH

Examples of RGB combinations of different dates of Sentinel-1 over rice fields in the An Giang province

Complexity in the S1 SAR response of rice fields


GEORICE: ESA-DUE INNOVATORS III

PreprocessingImage inter-calibrationGeocodingMultitemporal/spatial filtering

User Input- Region of interest- Period of interest

Ground data-Rice/Non rice

samples- Phenological stages

Data AccessSentinel-1 IW, VV&VH

Rice Mapping

Rice map Near Real TimeWhen: After data acquisition

Phenological stages mapWhen: mid to end of season

Estimation of phenological stages

Deviation fromnormal conditions

Maps of anormalyWhen: during the season

Rice map per seasonWhen: mid to end of season

Cropping density mapWhen: end of season

AccuracyAssessment

Processing chain

Products Asia-RiceGEOGLAM

&National Users

User Inputs

National Users

GEORICE Schematic Scheme

In situ data for understanding of the radar backscatter and algorithm development

40 /60 sampling fields have been surveyed in 2015/16 in An Giang at the same dates of S1. Survey by the University of An Giang

In collaboration with the VNSC /STAC) and CESBIO

General:Day of sowingRice varietiesPlanting densityHarvest dateRice Yield

Intensive information:Phenological stageHeightBiomassSoil conditionWater managementUniformity of plant height

VegetativeReproductiveRipening

S2_2017

S1_2017S1_2015

Sentinel-1 backscatter time series of rice fields

VH/VV

1. Better performance of rice mapping methods based on backscatter temporal variation2. Weekly detection of rice phenology3. Better performance of prediction models ( rice production, methane emission)

Expected performance of 6-day vs 12–day time series

VH

Every 6 days

Example of time series of VH/VV and VV backscatter

VH/VV


To adapt Rice phenology scale to EO data

1 Seedling, emergence

Early stage

2 2/3 leaves

3 Tillering start Tillering

4 Tillering max

5 Stem elongation Booting Panicleinitiation6 Booting

7 Heading HeadingFlowering8 Flowering

9 Milky stage Grain filling

10 Milky hard stage

11 Maturation Maturation

12 Maturity ->harvest

VEGETATIVE25 to 75 days

REPRODUCTIVE

35 days

RIPENING30 days

TOTAL90 to 140 days

Germination Panicle initiation

End of flowerin

g

Mature grain

Erectophile structure More randomstructure

Vege

tativ

eR

epro

duct

ive

Rip

enin

g

6 stages12 stages

S1 used to monitor rice growth stage

(Thousand ha) 26/10/2015 07/11/2015 19/11/2015 01/12/2015 13/12/2015 25/12/2015 06/01/2016 18/01/2016 30/01/2016 11/02/2016 23/02/2016 06/03/2016

1. Seedling and emergence 4,3 0,4 1,7 1,9 25,6 11,8 1,7 7,4 12,3 5,7 4,6 2,52. Pretillering - Tilleringstart 0,5 3,8 0,8 1,2 1,8 25,3 11,9 3,9 6,0 16,6 6,9 6,73. Tillering 0,6 6,3 0,6 2,3 3,2 31,4 11,9 14,0 7,9 16,3 6,64. End tillering - Panicleinitiation start 0,8 6,9 2,1 2,3 5,7 40,8 54,3 17,4 11,4 0,05. Heading – Flowering 0,5 5,5 2,5 2,1 8,0 11,0 66,2 29,1 17,46. Grain filling 0,6 1,7 2,7 2,1 2,3 14,9 61,0 37,47. Maturation 0,3 0,3 2,6 2,1 3,4 12,7 40,88. Bare soil / flooding 0,2 0,9 9,6 30,8 16,3 0,8 3,2 1,2 0,9 1,6 5,3 10,2Total rice (1-7) 4,8 4,9 9,6 11,2 37,9 47,1 55,8 76,6 102,2 132,0 142,1 111,3

For each province, estimation of area at each phenological stage at each S1 acquisition

BEN TRE

Results in a form familiar to statistics offices


Winter-Spring 2016

By March 2016:1,39 M ha of rice grown area

The prevision of the Ministry of AgricultureAnd Rural DevelopmentFor Winter-Spring rice1.56 M ha

Seasonal Rice Area and Statistics


Result validation

In each of the 3 major rice regions in the Mekong delta

100 GPS samples of rice planting areas +

30 other LULC

In total, 413 data pointsT.Le Toan LC/LUC –Int Regional Science Meeting-28-30 May 2018

Groundsurvey

S1 product

Rice 299 293No-rice in the

season23

114 120Other LULC 91

Total 413

The Mekong Delta: 413 independent check points: 98%.

Error sources:1. The precision of the GPS coordinates2. The selected time interval for rice

mapping method

Rice/non rice validationDetection of rice planting area during the season


Ground survey phenological stage (1-12)

GEO

RICE

phe

nolo

gica

lsta

ge (1

-6)

Only 1 plot out of 60 was erroneous(98.3%).

Rice phenology validation

Example of validation for 1 S1 acquisition

CanTho workshop, 24-25 October 2016

User workshops for project presentation, result evaluation and training

Dong Thap

Kien Giang

Hau GiangCan Tho

R2 = 0.9785

Estimated area (thousands of ha)

Rice area extent for Summer-Autumn2016 crop in the 13 provinces ofthe Mekong Delta

Comparison GEORICE estimates andAgency statistical data

Rice area statistics by provinces

Winter-Spring 201611/10/2015 to 29/03/2016

Winter-Spring 201506/10/2014 to 23/03/2015

Winter-Spring 201611/10/2015 to 29/03/2016

Decrease of Winter-Spring rice area in 2016 compared to 2015(decrease of 276,000 ha or 16.7% ; i.e. 1.39M ha vs 1.67M ha) caused byshortage of water and saline water intrusion (El Niño effect) .

Official report by Vietnam MARD 2017:The severe drought and salinity intrusion strongly affected 11 of the 13 provinces in the MRD. Rice areas affected by drought and salinity intrusion rapidly increased from 139,000 ha in mid March 2016 to 224,552 ha by mid April 2016.

Impacts of El Nino on rice area


Winter-Spring 201611/10/2015 to 29/03/2016

Winter-Spring 201701/10/2016 to 30/03/2017

Increase of Winter-Spring rice area in 2017 compared to 2016, 2015( More fields planted with rice and conversion of aquaculture. Among causes:shortage of rice production in 2016 and increase of rice price in 2016)

However:Rice yield was expected to be lower than average, due to lingering salinity andperiods of excess rains and floods during the growing season(FAO, country profile, August 2017)

Winter-Spring 201611/10/2015 to 29/03/2016

Winter-Spring 201506/10/2014 to 23/03/2015

Impacts of El Nino on rice area


Mapping at country scale

Winter-Spring Rice 2016


Thai Binh



Quy Nhon

Phu Yen


Quy Nhon


An Giang


Winter-Spring rice in Cambodia 2016


Thuy Le Toan, French-Thai Seminar on Enhancing Agrigriculture Management Using Space Technology, Bangkok, 21 June 2016

20/01/201601/02/201613/02/201625/02/201608/03/201620/03/201601/04/201613/04/201625/04/201607/05/201619/05/201631/05/201612/06/2016

Rice map in Suphan Buri province, 12/06/2016

S1 data

Tech4Earth

Application Store

Services

Big Data Architecture for Data Processing

Data Lake

1 0 1 1

0 0 1 1 1 0 1

0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

1 0 1 1

GEORICE application

Service Platform: geospatial handling, data management

Processing engines for analysis in near real time

Data Hub, to collect, ingest and archive data

External data

Satellite data

User data

CollectSentinel-1 images

Users Community

5. Operational data processing


Tech4Earth

Application Store

Services

Big Data Architecture for Data Processing

Data Lake

1 0 1 1

0 0 1 1 1 0 1

0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

1 0 1 1

GEORICE application

Service Platform: geospatial handling, data management

Processing engines for analysis in near real time

Data Hub, to collect, ingest and archive data

External data

Satellite data

User data

CollectSentinel-1 images

Users Community

GEORICE implementation

Building Analysis Ready Data (ARD) for Sentinel-1 on Datacube – Application on Rice monitoring

37

S1Data

CenterS1 data images

ARD pre-

processingAnalysisReadyData

https://peps.cnes.fr

Ground projected image (GRD).SAFE format

Python scriptS1toARD.py

S1 images ready to use in Datacube

First result of rice mapping on VN Data Cube, March 6, 2018

Implementation in Vietnam DataCube

o Rice monitoringo Forest monitoring

Beyond the GEORICE demonstrator project

1. User issues

Convince and involve the ‘real’ users (Institutions, Ministries..) with contribution/endorsement from national monitoring systems2. Promote coordination of supported projects Promote development and cross validation on different sites,

different countries Promote coordination of supported projects (e.g. via Asia-Rice,

GEOGLAM)

Strategic Issues to bring R&D results into operation


GEORICE proposed extension

• GEORICE: proof-of-conceptOne 41 000 km² region: the Mekong Delta, VietnamRice/Non rice maps:

1. near-real time after S1 acquisition 2. map per rice season (3 seasons per year)3. annual synthesis (cropping intensity)

Anomaly maps: interannual variationPhenological stage maps

• GEORICE-Extension: demonstration of larger scaledeployment (2018-2019)

o Extension to 1/3/4/5 full countries of South-East Asiao Seasonal Rice/Non rice mapso Rice growth status for selected regions


Vietnam + Lao PDR + Cambodia + Thailand + Myanmar1 940 000 km²297 tiles

Collaboration needed in the region to achieve the objective

We are a whole community to make it happen !


SALAMAT!

Documents

Towards Global Earth Observation of Rice LeToan_0.pdf · 2018-06-22 · Towards Global Earth Observation of Rice . Lam Dao Nguyen, Hoang Phi Phung. VNSC/VAST, Vietnam. Pham Duy Tien