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Ethnopharmacology of Murcia (SE Spain)
RIVERA NiTr”JEZ D., OB6N DE CASTRO C. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Facultad de Biologia
Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-3007 1-Murcia, EspaÎia
RÉSUMÉ Ce travail présente les plantes médicinales de la région de Murcia (Sud-Est de l’Espagne) et leurs usages thérapeutiques. Deux listes, les espèces avec les noms scientifiques, les noms vernaculaires et les indications dans la thérapeutique populaire de cette région sont jointes ; la première liste couvre la flore locale, sauvage ou cultivée, et la deuxième les plantes importées.
INTRODUCTION This chapter is a sequel to the monographs Plantas Medicinales de Nuestra Region (OB6N and R I V E R A , 1991) and Introduccidn al Mundo de las Plantas Medicixales en Murcia (RIVERA, OBdN, CANO and ROBLEDO, 19941, which compiled the scattered published information available about traditional uses of medicinal plants found in Murcia, and the works carried out by ourselves and many of Our stu- dents in the Ethnobotany laboratory at Murcia University since 1982 (Fig. 1, and Tab. 1). Field trips and open-ended inter- views with herbalists, healers, shepherds and housewives were carried out on and off from 1983 to this current year. The Herbarium MUB (Murcia University) contains voucher speci- mens of the taxa cited in Table 2 and samples of plants cited in Tables 2 and 3 are kept at the Ethnobotany laboratory. Murcia is an area of great cultural and biological diversity. Situ- ated at the border of the Mediterranean sea in the southeastern corner of the Iberian Peninsula, in Western Europe, this region is home to an ancient blend of cultures and ethnic groups. Eco- systems vary from dry Mediterranean scrubs to evergreen oak forest. The average annual precipitation most of which falls between the months of October and April, vary from 200 to 600 mm. Severe drought is a recurrent phenomen which en- tails dramatic shortages of the agricultural products. Compli- cated irrigation systems have been developped in the Segura river bassin in order to assure a regular crop every year.
THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN MURCIA The use of plants for medicinal purposes in Murcia dates back to the Prehistoric times. In this remote arid area of Europe people lived in communities far away from each other in the badland regions, known as “el campo” or close together in the Segurariver bassin, the “huerta” zone, which was covered
of irrigated fields. In both areas the inhabitants were almost deprived of regular medical care until relatively recent times. Treatment was provided, and the gap filled, by the native healers called “curandero” or by the housewives theirselves.
Three cultures, three religions and presumably three kinds of medicine met in Murcia during the Middle Ages. Murcian folk beliefs and medicinal practices retain many elements of Latin, Moorish and Jewish medical traditions. Untangling different cultural contributions to modem folk medicine is difficult, but the task of comparing the available data is worth to gaining a better understanding of Western Mediterranean folk medicine.
Epidemics were relatively fiequent in the Middle Ages (m-XIV centuries), and cities like Murcia recurred to a large number of jew physicians and practitioners for these dramatic moments (TORRES et al., 1981). Jew medical masters (VIDAL ~ E ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ S ~ B E N O ~ ~ , HAYM ABEAEX, DAVID DAMASTO, etc.) took care of the health in the locality as municipal doctors. Some women of jew origin practised also the medicine (TORRES et al., 1980; 1981). Moorish medical practitioners were fiequent in the Catholic Spain of the XVI century but very often they were prosecuted by the inquisition tribunals under the charge of whitchcraft (GARCf.4 BALLESTER, 1984).
The Murcian can choose from among several alternative medi- cal systems and practitioners. Modem medicine is administered by licenced physicians through government clinics (ambulato- rios), which are widely dispersed in the temtory, and hospitals. Private doctors also are available. The pharmacists provide their clients with medical advice conceming common ailments. Herb stores (herboristerias) whose propietors lack very often of for- mal pharmacological training provide also their clients with medical advice. Curanderos are relatively common among the medical practitioners of this region and neighbouring zones (SEIJO, 1974). Curanderos reside in the outskirts of the larger
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M~DICAMENTS ET ALIMEhTS : L'APPROCHE ETHNOPHARnfACOLOGIQUE
towns or in little villages, and recently some of them do adver- tise thek practices in the local newspapers. The condition of curandero was object of strict rules under the traditional sys- tem, but it was also a way for oportunists and fakers. This fact makes extremely difficult rendering a realistic, picture of the relevance of herbal remedies in the highly variable and obscure curanderos' practices. Magic, astrologic and other strange resources were locally em- ployed in medicine but also repeatedly forbidden by the authori- ties (TOREU3 et aZ., 1980). Fascination is a relatively common place in S. Spain, it has specific practitioners whose formules and prayers arerelatively secret (FLEMh, 1987; SELTO, 1974).
Adults over sixty, living in the. country have nowadays some knowledge of remedies for common ailrnents. Housewives are specialized in the ailments of the household, and shephers usu- ally furnished veterinary care for their cattle. Recent develop- ment in rural societies andimmigration into the big cities ofmost of the population have led to a generalized lost of herbal lore. Most of Our information hence was gathered arnong the last rem- nants of this rural culture of Spain, and in part corresponded with obsolete practices only reminded by the interviewed persons.
In Murcia plants were traditionally prescribed and used for generations. These prescriptions and uses merged the mille- nary traditions with external recent influences. Every time the local folk pharmacopea reflected the conflict between his- torical background and fashionable new medicinal uses and introduced species.
Fig. 1 Map of research sites on Mur& region
(for explanation of mumbers, see Table 1)
The fiist Murcian medicinal plant lnowm to the science was a lcind of wild cumrnin (presurnably Distychoselinm tenu$olium) cited by Dioscorides in the 1st century AT9 (LECLERC, 1883). Epidemies determined reviewed experiences with local and ex-
Table 1 Main research sites on Murcia region (S-E Spain) and references
LocalitJl
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
~ ~
Archena Bullas Cartagena Cehegin Cieza Fortuna Jumilla Mazarr6n Molina de Seruga Moratalla Mula Murcia Puerto Lumbreras Ricote §an Javier Santomera Sierra de Enmedio Sierra Espufia Yecla
References
Caracena (1988) FernBndez (1993) Alcazar, Garcia, Rivera and Ob6n (1990): Garcia and Alcazar (1987); Quevedo (1987): Ferrirndiz (1974) Martinez and Mpez (1990); Garcia (1993); Ibern6n (1991): SBnchez Hernhdez (1994); Rueda and Ibem6n (1987) Carrillo and Martiiiez (1993): Ibhez and Bonmati [ 1993); Garcia Aroca (1992) CarrWlot (1990); Jimenez and Peiïaranda (1992) Jiménez (199 1 ) De Alvaro (1989) L6pez Verdfi (1990) G6mez (1992); §&chez (1992): Rueda and Ibern6n (1987) Rodrigue2 Zapata (1988) Garcia and Botias (1987); Cano J. (1990); Garcia and A l c h (1987); Martinez and Jumilla (1987); P inch Ruiz and Salinas (1992) Guirao (1987) L6pez Cano (1994) Carcia Fernilndez (1992) CAnovas, Maainez and Pelegrh (1 994) L6pez §Anchez (1984) Aguila (1988); &vwez, Asencio and Saez (1989) Barredo, Pérez andTornem (1991): Ortuiio (1987)
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Table 2 Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Svecies
Common names Uses recorded
FERNS ADIAN'IACEE
Adiantum capillus veneris L. culandrillo, culantrillo, culantrillo de - antitussive, analgesic pozo, falsia, helecho, zancamorenilla
ASPLENIACEE Aspleniunl trichomanes L. culantrillo chic0 - digestive Ceterach ofSicinarum Willd. doradilla - antipyretic, diuretic, depurative
Equisetum awense L. cola de caballo - diuretic, antidiabetic, antiseptic Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. cola de caballo, cola de caballo fina - diuretic, antidiabetic, antiseptic Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. cola de caballo, cola de caballo basta - diuretic, antidiabetic, antiseptic
Polypodium canzbricum L. subsp. helecho, polipodio - laxative, purgative, antitussive
EQUISETACEE
POLYPODIACEE
serrulatum (F.W. Schulz ex Arcangeli) Pichi Sermolli
CTJPRESSACEE Cupressus sempewirens L. Juniperus communis L. subsp.
Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus Junipenls phœnicea L. subsp. phœnicea
Ephedrafrngilis Desf.
hemisphearica (K. Presl) Nyman
EPHEDRACEJE
PINACEE Abies pinsapo Boiss. (cultivated) Pinus halepensis Miller
Pinus pinaster Ait.
CONIFERS
aciprés, arciprCs, ciprés - enebro, nebro, nebro hembra, - nebro macho enebro, enebro de miera, nebro, nieblo - sabina, sabina macho -
arnacho, brea, canaillo, canaillo real, - carnaillo
abeto, pinsapo - carrasqueiio, pino, pino carrasco, pino - carrasqueiio, pino rojo pino, pino negral, pino pinagral, pino - roenno, pino ruezno
deodorant, antihemorrhoidal antiseptic, antidiabetic
analgesic, antiseptic, diuretic, purgative antiseptic, anthelmintic
analgesic, antitussive
dermatologic dermatologic, antiseptic, antitussive, analgesic, antiodontalgic antiseptic
AGAVACELE Agave americana L.
ANACARDIACEE Pistacia lentiscus L. Pistacia terebinthus L. Schinus molle L.
APOCYNACEE Nerium oleander L.
ANGIOSPERMS
acibara, alcibara, alcimara, alzabara, - laxative, antiseptic, dermatologic, alzavara, arzabara, azabara, cimara, vulnerary cimbara, pita, pitera
lantisco, lentisco - antiodontalgic, appetizer, astringent cornicabra - astringent, antiodontalgic $bol de la falsa pimienta, falsa - sedative, choleretic pimienta, l lorh, pimentera
adelfa, baladre, mavaldra - poisonous, dermatologic, antiseptic, antiodontalgic
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218 I M~DICAMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L’APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE
Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Gomafom mames Uses reeorded Species
AQUTFOLIACEE Ilex aquifolium L.
ARALUCEE Hedera canariensis Willd. Hedera helix L.
ASTEMCEW (COMPOSITW) Achillea ageraFum L. Achillea odorata L. Andryala aghardii Haneseler ex DC. Artemisia arborescens L.
Artemisia barrelieri Besser
Artemisia cainpestris L. subsp. glutinosa (Gay ex Bess.) Batt.
Artemisia Iucentica O. Bolbs, J. Vallés and J. Vigo
Artemisia herbaalba Asso subsp. valentina (Lam.) Maselans
Artemisia verlotioncm Lamotte Artemisia vulgaris L. Bidens aurea L. Calendula amensis L.
Calendula ofSicinalis L. Carthamus lanatus L.
Centaur-eu aspera L.
Centaurea calcitrapa L.
Chanzœelnelum nobile (L.) All.
Charnomilla matricaria L. var. nobile
Chiliadenus glutirlosus (L.) Fourr.
Chrysanthemunt coronarium L.
Cichorium intybus L.
acebo
yedra hiedra, hiedra terrestre, hiedra trepadora, yedra
hierba miaera, yerba miaera manzanilla real oreja de liebre peluda ajenjo, doncel, rnanzanillbn, rnatapestosa, pino doncel, pino sarampibn boja, boja negra, boja reina, manzanillbn, matapestosa boja negra
boja
abr6tano macho, boja, boja antina, boja blanca, boja borde, boja para la yesca, boja yesquera altamisa, artemisia altarnisa mata de té, viuda araiias, rnadreoveja, margaritera, mata de las uiias, peo de fraile, ufia de gato
- astringent
- hair dye and restorer - poisonous, dermatologie, purgative
- antipyretic, diuretic - vulnerary - haemostatic - stomachic, dermatologic, ophthalmic,
antipruriginous
- stomachic
- analgesic
- anti-infective, anti-inflammatory
- analgesic, hair restorer, insecticides
- abortifacient - abortifacient - stomachic - emenagogue
calendula, rnargarita, margarita naranja - analgesic, ophthalmic, dermatologie cardo santo, cardo setero, panicardo - anti-inflammatory, insecticide,
caiialadro, caiialobo, frasera, pefialao, - astringent, depurative, antidiabetic, pefiarao, quebrarao, quebrantarados, vulnerary, dermatologie quiebralao, quiebrarao, solosiste abreojos, cardo maneaperros, - dermatologie, antidiabetic mmncaperros, peiiiiarao, pestaiia de vieja manzanilla - stomachic
dermatologie
manzanilla, manzanilla dulce - tranquillizer, stomachic, depurative, antihalitosic, analgesic, ophthalmic, antiseptic, dermatologie
Acnica, Anica, annica, fimica, Arnica - antipyretic. digestive, appetizer, basta, Asnica, Atnica, Bznica, hAxnica, anti-inflammatory, depurative, te de monte, té de roea stomachic, strengthener, vulnerary margarita borde. margarita de campo, - haemostatic, antihemorrhoidal mojigata, mojigato, ojo de buey ackicoria, camarroja, camarrojo - appetizer, antirheumatic, antipyretic,
cholagogue
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Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Common names Uses recorded Species
Cynara scolymus L.
Helianthus annuus L.
Helichrqsum decumbens (Lag.)
Helichrysum italicum (Roth.) Cambess.
G. Don f. subsp. serotinum (Boiss.) P. Fourn.
Moench Heliclzrysum stoechas (L.)
Hieracium pilosella L. Znula viscosa (L.) Ait.
Luctuca sativa L. var. sativa Leuzea conifera (L.) DC.
Onopordum nzacracanthum Schousb. Sarztolina chamœcyparissus L. subsp. squarrosa (DC.) Nymam
Santolina microcephala Jordan Santolina pectinata Lag. Santolina viscosa Lag. Senecio malacitanus Huter in Gesterr. Senecio vulgaris L. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
Sonchus asper L. Sonchus tenerrimus L. Taraxacum obovatum (Willd.) DC.
Taraxacum oficinale L.
Tragopogon dubius L.
BORAGINACEB Anchusa azurea Miller
alcacil, alcachofa, alcancil, arcacil, - (whole plant) alcacilera, alcancilera, cardo alcacilero, (leaves) cardo girasol, mirasol, (ripe flowerhead) - corona siempreviva -
siempreviva -
amaranto, boja, boja ramblera, humera, - manzanilla de monte, manzanillbn, siempreviva, (inflorescences) capotas vellosilla - anica, Arnica, gtnica, mata mosquera, - mosquera lechuba, lechuga, lechugas largas - alcacilicos, cardo del dolor de cabeza, - cardo santo, cuchara de pastor, piiïa, (inflorescences) capota cardo, cardo borriquero - brochera, manzanilla amarga, - manzanilla de campo
manzanilla amarga, manzanilla borde - brochera - abrotano macho - romerillo - hierba cana, margarita borde - alcachofera, cardo borriquero, cardo - grande, cardo mariano, toba cerrajbn, cerraj6n fino, diente de lebn - lizones - diente de lebn, hierba blanda -
cerraja, cerrajbn, diente de lebn -
verbaja -
bovina, (flowers) cordiales, lenguaza -
depurative, tonic for circulatory system
laxative
tonic, vulnerary, anti-odontalgic
vulnerary, analgesic, anti-odontalgic, astringent, antiemetic, dermatologic, tonic vulnerary, anti-odontalgic, antitussive, anthelmintic
astringent vulnerary, antidiabetic, stomachic
soporific analgesic, diuretic, stomachic
dermatologic, vulnerary stomachic, slimming, antiemetic, anthelmintic, anti-infective vaginal preparations anti-infective for sore throat, stomachic undetermined medicinal uses hair restorer digestive antianemic, antipyretic cholagogue, dermatologic
claimed to protect the liver vulnerary diuretic, claimed to protect the liver, laxative, dermatologic, depurative claimed to protect the liver, antirheumatic, diuretic, antitussive, depurative diuretic, hypotensive, antirheumatic and antidiabetic
remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract
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220 H MÉDICAMENTS ET AWMENTS : L'APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE
Table 2 (Cont'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Conmon names Uses recorded Species
Borago ofSicinalis L.
Cynoglossunt cheirifoliurn L.
Cynoglossum pictrun Ait.
Echiatm sulgare L. Heliotropium eul-opceun1 L.
Lithodora fruticosa (L.) Griseb.
BRASSILACEB (CRUCIFEFLE) Capsella bursapastoris L.
Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.
Carric?ztera arznua (L.) DC. Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC.
Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. Moricandia arvensis (L) DG. Nasturtium ofSicinale R. Br. Raphanus sativus L.
CACTACEB Opuntia ficusbarbarica Berger
Opuntia maxima Miller
Capparis spinosa L. CAPPARJDACEE
CAPlUFOLIACEA3 Lonicera biflora Desf. Loniceru etrusca Santi Lanicera implexa Ait.
Sa'nmbucus ebubs L. Sambucus nigm L.
Viburnrt~n tinus L.
borraja, lengua bovina, lengua de vaca, - lenguazas, morracias bifiebla, oreja de liebre, pulmonaria, - rifiella, viniebla bifiebla, lenguaza, rifiella -
lenguaza, viborera - girasol, mirasol, verrucaria, yerba - verruguera asperbn, chuparnieles, hierba de la - sangre, hierba de la sangre basta, hierba de las siete sangrias, salado, yerba de la sangre
bolsa de pastor, mata pan de pastor, - pan and quesillo, rabaniza, zurrbn de pastor floreta, hierba blanea, lobbn, lob6n de - noria, salsa cuchareta, guchareta, perbete, pinos - aliaria, hierba pajarera, oruga, oruga - borde amargo, oruga, oruga basta, rabaniza - collejbn - berros, la mata berro - r5bano -
chumbera, higuera chumba, pala, - palas, palera
palera -
tapenera -
madreselva madreselva madreselva
sabuco - sabuco, sabuquera, Sacco -
barbadija, durillo -
remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract, tonic remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract, dematologic sedative antipyretic, dematologic, ophthalnic, emmenagogue depurative, anti-inflarnmatory
haemostatic, depurative
haemostatic
dematologic vulnerary
diuretic, dermatologie, anthelmintic dermatologie antipyretic, vulnerary remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract
dematologic, remedy for relievimg of the high respiratory tract, digestive, antiseptic urinary tract, astringent, analgesic antiseptic urinay tract
dermatologie, vulnerary, antiseptic, anti-odontalgic
dematologic antitussive antitussive, diuretie, dermatologie, vulnerary anti-inflammatory, anti-infective diuretic, anti-inflamnatory, analgesie, laxative, ophthalmic, antihemorrhoidal. dematologic, vulnerary antipyretic, purgative, anthelmintic
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Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Common names Uses recorded Species
CARYOPHYLLACEE Arenaria intricata Dufour Cerastium glomeratunz Thuill. Dianthus valentinus Willk. Herniariafruticosa L. Herniaria hirsuta L.
Paronychia argentea Lam.
Paronychia capitata (L.) Lam.
Paronychia suffruticosa (L ) DC.
Saponaria oflcinalis L. Spergularia rubra (L.) J. and C. Presl
Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla (L.) Arcangeli
Chenopodium apnbrosioides L.
CHENOPODIACEE
Salsola genistoides Juss.
Salsola kali L. subsp. kali
Salsola kali L. subsp. ruthenica
Salsola vermiculata L.
Cistus albidus L.
(Iljin) So6
CISTACEE
Cistus clusii Dunal
Cistus Iaurifolius L. Cistus nzonspeliensis L. Fumana ericoides (Cav.) Gand.
Helianthemum cinereum (Cav.)
Helianthemum marifolium (L.) Miller Helianthernum syriacum (Jacq.)
Helianthemum violaceum Pers.
subsp. ericoides
Pers. subsp. cinereum
Dum.-Cours.
flowers de pincho - oreja de r a t h - quebrantapiedras - quebrantapiedras, ruinas - hierba meona, meona, quebranta la - piedra, quebrantapiedras, riiionera, rompepiedras, yerba urinaria hierba la sangre, hierba de la plata, - hierba la Plata, quebrantapiedras, yerba de la plata flor de plata, hierba de la plata, mata - de Plata, orinaria, quebrantapiedras, sanguinaria, yerba de la plata hierba de la sangre, yerba la sangre -
jabonera, saponaria - arenaria roja -
acelgas, blea -
hierba de la té, planta del té, té borde -
bojas, bojantinas, escoba de la era, - escobilla, escobillas alicornios, barrilla borde, salicornios, - sanicornios, sarnicomio alicornio, meona, trotamundos -
carajillo, carambillo, Salado, sala0 -
estepa, estepa blanca, estopa, estrepa, - jara, jara blanca, jara estepa cabraullia, estepa, jabarzo, jaguarzo, - jara, juaglazo, juarzo, juagarzo, juagarzo fino, quebraolla, quebraollas, quiebraolla, quiebraollas, rompeollas, romero macho estepa, jara - jaguarzo, jara, juagarzo, juagarzo basto - hierba de la sangre, té moro, tomillo - morisco, tonnera ardivieja, ceje, ge del campo, je del - campo, seje, yerba de la ge ceje - matas blancas, té de campo -
té moro -
diuretic vulnerary lithotritic diuretic, antidiabetic diuretic and lithotritic
cholagogue, diuretic, lithotritic, anti-infective
cholagogue, dermatologic, anti-infective, lithotritic, diuretic, digestive, antihypertensive dermatologic, depurative, antitussive, tonic, antihypertensive vulnerary lithotritic
laxative, anti-inflammatory, sedative, and anti-anemic purgative, digestive, analgesic and sedative stomachic, appetizer
sedative, lithotritic, antidiabetic
diuretic
dermatologic, astringent
antiseptic urinary tract
anti-odontalgic, ophthalmic, hair restorer, dermatologic, vulnerary
antihemorrhoidal vulnerary, oral antiseptic diuretic
vulnerary, hair restorer, stomachic, dermatologic vulnerary, dermatologic digestive, anti-inflammatory, dermatologic, vulnerary digestive
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Table 2 (Cont'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Cornmon names Uses recorded Species
CLUSIACEB Hypericum ericoides L.
Hypericum pe$oratum L. var. angustifolium DC.
GOWOLVULACEE Convolvulus althœoides L.
Convolvulus arvensis L.
C O W A C E B
CORYLACEB Corinria myrtifolia L.
Corylus avellnna L.
CRASSULACEE Kalanchœ fedtschenlsoi Hamet
Sedum album L. Sedum sediforme (Jacq.) Pav.
and Penier
Sedum telephium L. Urnbilicus horizontalis Guss. Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy
Citmllus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo Cucumis sativus L.
CUCURBITACEB
Cucurbita pepo L. Ecballium elnterium a.) A. Richard
CUSCUTACElE Cuscuta epithymum (L.) Murray
CYF'ERACEB
rirnica, h i c a fina, corazdn de piedra, coraz6n de la piedra, hierba de la piedra, pincelillo, pinillo de Oro, quebrantapiedras, rompepiedras corazoncillo, hierba de San Juh, hipérico, pericdn
campamilla, campanilla mayor, campanillera, correhuela, corrigiiela, corrigiiela basta, eorrigiiela borde, enredadera carrigiiela, chirrigiiela, corregiiela, correhuela, correhuela blanca, correvuela, corrigiiela, corrihuela, corrihuela fina, enredddera, tapaculos
reol, reor
avellano, avellanero, avellano fino, (fruits) avellana de fraile, avellana fina, avellana gruesa, avellana redonda
hoja de curalot6
uva de gato, uvicas de milano crespinillo, crespinillo de monte, erispillos, crispinillo, flor de lagarto, gurullera, pifiones, uiïa de gato, uiïa en gato, uiias de lobo, uva de milano, uva de pastor, uvicas de. milano curalotodo ombligo de Venus zumillo
tuera meldn cohombro, pepino
calabacines, calabaza combrillo, escombrillo, mata del pepinillo borde, pepinillo del diablo
azafrh borde, azafrAn del monte, azafranillo, cabellos de angel, manto de la virgen, pelillo
- vulnerary, stomachic, lithotritie, appetizer, depurative, cholagogue
- dermatologie, vulnerary, antiseptic
- laxative, mti-inflammatory, anti odontalgic, purgative, antiasthmatic
- laxative, anti-inflammatory, antio dontalgic, purgative, anti-asthmatic, antiseptic for urinary system
- abortifacient
- hair restorer
- dermatologie
- vulnerary - claimed to protect the liver, astringent,
vulnerary, antihemouhoidal, antiseptic of the urinary tract, dermatologie
- dermatologie - vulnerary, diuretie - purgative, dermatologie
- purgative - slimming - analgesic, dermatologic, stomachic,
astringent - anthelmintic - purgative
- tranquillizer, tonic for circulatory system, laxative, vulnerary
Actes du 2e Colloque Europ&en d'Ethnophannacologie et de la 1 le ConErence internationale d'Ethomédecine, Heidelberg, 24-27 mars 1993.
M~DICAMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L’APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE m 223
Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Common names Uses recorded Species
Scirpus holoschœnus L.
Diospyros kaki L. fil.
Arbutus unedo L.
EBENACEE
ERICACEE
Arctostaphylos uvaursi (L.) Sprengel
Erica erigena R. Ross Erica nzultijlora L.
EUPHORBIACEE Euphorbia carthaginensis Porta et Rigo ex Willlc.
Euphorbia helioscopia L.
Euphorbia lagascLe Sprengel
Euphorbia serrata L.
Mercurialis tomentosa L.
Ricinus comrnunis L.
FAGACEE Quercus coccifera L.
Quercus faginea Lam. Quercus rotundifolia Lam.
FUMARLACEiE Fuinaria faurei (Pugsley) Lidén Fumaria parviflora Lam.
junco -
caqui, caquilero -
madroiiera, madroiiero, madroiio -
algalloba, arbuto, argallua, argayoba, - belluga, galloba, gayoba, gayua, gayuba, uva de oso, uvo de os0 brezo - brezo, pedorrera -
t6rtago -
chirrigüela borde, leche interna, leche - tierna, lechitema, rechigüela borde, rechilera borde, rechiruela borde, rechitierna chirrigiiela borde, flor de los amores, - leche interna, rechigüela borde, rechilera borde, rechiruela borde, rechitierna chirrigüela, flor de los aunores, leche - interna, lecheruela, lechetierna, lechinterna, lechiterna, mata lechera, rechigüela, recheruela, rechilera, rechiruela, rechiruela borde, rechitierna orejas de liebre, quebrantahuesos -
&bol del demonio, higuera del - demonio, ricino
carrasca, carrasca borde, coscoja, - chaparra, chaparro, chaparro borde, chapauva, matarmbia roble - bellotero, carrasca, chaparra, chaparra -
astringent
laxative
diuretic, remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract, laxative, antiseptic for urinary system lithotritic, diuretic, abortifacient, antiseptic for urinary system
astringent diuretic, galactogogue
carminative
haemostatic, vulnerary
haemostatic
haemostatic, vulnerary, dermatologic
claimed to protect the liver, laxative, anti-odontalgic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic purgative, laxative, appetizer
stomachic, dermatologic, claimed to protect the liver, antidiabetic
oral antiseptic, dermatologic astringent, dermatologic, depurative,
blanca, encina, matach, mataparda, vulnerary (fruits) abellota, bellotas, billota
cuello de paloma - dermatologic cilimonterra, gallinera, mata de los - dermatologic perros, muîiino, perejil de la reina, perijilera, zapaticos del Seiior
Actes du 2e Colloque Européen d’Ethnophannacologie et de la 1 le Conférence internationale d’Ethnomédecine, Heidelberg, 24-27 mars 1993.
224 a MJ?DICAMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L 'APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQVE
Table 2 (Cmt'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Species
Cornmon names Uses recorded
GENTWACEE Centauriurn quadrifoliurrl (L.) G. Lopez and Ch. Jarvis
Centauriurn rigualii Esteve Centauriurn spicaturn (L.) Fritsch
Pelargonium zonale Ait.
Globularia alypum L.
GEEL4N"EE
GLOBULAUCEB
Globularia spinosa L. HIPPOCASTANACEW
Bscuhs lzippocastaanum L. IRIDACEE
Crocus safivus L. Iris albicans Lange Iris germnnica L.
JUGLANDACEE Juglans regia L.
JUNCACEE J ~ a ~ u s rnaritim,us Lam.
LAMIACEE (LABIATE) Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench. subsp.
rneridionalis (Nyman) P.W. Ball. Ajuga charrmpitys (L.) Schreber Ajugu iva (L.) Schreber Ballota hirsuta Benth.
Calamintha sylvatica Bronf. subsp. adscendens (Jordan) P.W Ball
Hyssopus ofzcirzalis L. subsp. aristatus (Godron) Briq.
Lamiurn arnplexicaule L.
Lavandula dentata L. Lavandula latifolia Medicus
centaura, hie1 de la tierra, hies de la tierra, sed de la tierra centaura centaura
gerheo, geranio
cebollana, coronilla de fraile, hierba sevillana, sevillana carrasquilla
castafio borde
azafrh, safrh, zafr6n lirio blanco lirio, lirio nazareno, lirios tempranos, nazareno, (rhizome) cebolla de lirio
nogal, noguera, (fruits) nueces
junco
té de monte
pinillo iva m m b i o , ma~zrubillo, marrubillo, marrubio
calamento, poleo
hisopo
pie de Cristo, pie1 de Cristo, zapaticos de la Virgen, zapatillicos de la Virgen, zapaticos del Sefior cantueso, espliego alhucema, espliego, espligo, pliego
- vulnerary, antipyretic, remedy for
- antipyretic - antipyretic
- dennatologic, laxative, sedative
- antipyretic, anti-infective, stomachic, laxative
- depurative
- analgesic, antihemorrhoidal
- abortifacient - undetermined medicinal use - antihemorrhoidal
common cold
- anti-odontalgic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antiseptic for urinary system, vulnerary, antidiabetic, astringent, anti-anemic, anthelmintic, antihemorrhoidal
- astringent, hair restorer
- digestive
- diuretic, remedy for dropsy, antisppasmodic - vulnerary, analgesic - appetizer, depurative, stomachic,
antipyretic, dematologic, anti- inflammatory
- stomachic, expectorant, resolutive
- antiseptic of the high respiratory tract
- antisdontalgic
- antitussive - anthelmintic, stomachic. appetizer,
analgesic, digestive, depurative, diuretic, antitussive, antirheumatic, tranquillizer, remedy for high choles- terol levels, vulnerary
~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~ ~
Actes du 2e Colloque Européen d'Ethnopharmacologie et de la 11' Conférence internationale d'Ethnomédecine, Heidelberg, 24-27 mars 1993.
M~DICAMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L’APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE w 225
Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Common names Uses recorded Species
Lavandula multij?da L.
Lavandula stœchas L. subsp.
Majorana hortensis Moench. Marrubium alysson L.
stœchas
Marrubium supinuln L. Mnrrubium vulgare L.
Melissa ofSicinalis L. subsp. ofSicinalis Mentha Zongifolia (L) Hudson Mentha x piperita L.
Mentha spicata L. subsp. glabrata (Lej. and Court.) Lebeau
Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.
Mentha x villosa Huds. nothosubsp. lamyi (Malinvaud) Lebeau (M. spicata subsp. glabrata x suaveolens)
Reicher var. latifolia Boiss. Micromeria grma (L.) Bentham ex
Ocimum basilicum L.
Origanum vulgnre L.
Phlomis crinita Cav.
Phlomis lychnitis L.
Phlomis pulpurea L. subsp. almeriensis
Rosmarinus ofSicinalis L. (Pau) Losa and Rivas Goday
alhucemilla, cantueso, espliego, - espliego de hoja fina cantueso, lavanda -
orégano - juanrubio, manrubio, marrubio, - marrubio blanco, marmbio borde, marmbio de flor rosa manrubio, manrubio blanco, marrubio - manrubio, manrubio de flor blanca, marmbio, pelusilla
melisa, toronjil hortelana, menta hierbabuena, menta
hierbabuena, hierba buena, menta
maestranzo, mastranzo, mastranzos, poleo menta, teronjina, tirujina, toronjina
aliibega, aliibega fina, albahaca, alhAbega, alhiivega, liibega orégaulo
barbas de pastor, mechera, oreja de liebre peluda, oreja de lob0 candilera, hierba tolciera, hierba torcida, hierba torciera, hierbatorcia, oreja de liebre, quebrantagüesos, quebrantahuesos, rab0 de perro, yerba de torcias, yerba tolciera, yerba torcia, yerba torciera oreja de liebre
romero, romero c o m ~ n
antipyretic, vermifuge
appetizer, laxative, peptic ulcer remedy, indigestion sedative, soporific, stomachic appetizer, diuretic, claimed to protect the liver, dermatologic, astringent
vulnerary antitussive, antipyretic, sedative, vulnerary, claimed to protect the liver, antipyretic anti-inflammatory, vulnerary, sedative stomachic, carminative digestive, stomachic, carminative, tonic, soporific, tranquillizer, anthelmintic anthelmintic, sedative, carminative, remedy for relieving of the high respi- tory tract, tranquillizer, sedative anti-odontalgic, stomachic
anti-inflammatory, stomachic
stomachic
digestive, carminative, tranquillizer, mosquito repellent sedative, tranquillizer, soporific, antirheumatic, appetizer, antitussive, remedy for influenza, remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract diuretic, haemostatic
vulnerary, antirheumatic, analgesic, litho!xitic, antihemorrhoidal, astringent, carminative, stomachic, digestive
diuretic, lithotritic
vulnerary, antianemic, depurative, antipyretic, digestive, tonificante, claimed to protect the liver, hypotensive, sedative, anti-odontalgic, remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract,
Actes du 2e Colloque EuropCen #Ethopharmacologie et de la 1 le ConErence internationale d’Ethnomédecine, Heidelberg, 24-27 mars 1993.
226 m M~DICAMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L'APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE
Table 2 (Cont'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMLY Species
Cornmorn marnes Uses recorded
Salvia fruticosa Miller Salvia lavanduli$olia. Vahl.
subsp. lavandulifolia
Salvin ofSicinalis L.
Salvia phlomoides Asso Snlvia vellerea Boiss.
Salvia verbenaca L.
Satureja intricata Lange subsp. gracilis (WillK.) Rivas Martinez in G. Lopez
obovata
canescens (Rouy) Rivas Martinez
Satureja obovata Lag. subsp.
Satureja obovata Lag. subsp.
Sideritis hirsuta L.
Sideritis ibanyezii Pau
Sideritis incana L. Sideritis leucantha subsp. bourgœana
(Boiss. and Reuter) Alcaraz et al.
Sideritis Ieucantha Cav. subsp. incana (WillK.) Malagarriga
sabia, salvia, salvia real, savia, savia real - alhucema, mariselva. mariserva. - marisierva, salvia
salvia -
rnal-0 - manisielva, mariselva, mariserva, - marisieIva, marisierva, salvia
cresta de gallo, gallocresta, pie de - Cristo, salvia, salvia de los prados
ajedrea, ajegrea, jegrea -
ajedrea, ajedrea fina, ajeglea, ajegrea, - gegrea, jegrea, olivardilla, zorija ajedrea, ajegrea, jedrea, jegrea, - olivardilla, saborija, saldorija, saurija, tomillo aceitunero, tomillo macho, zorija caiiamillo, manrubillo, ortiga blanca, - rabogato,
rabo de gato, rabogato, zagareiia -
rabogato - caiiamillo, rabogato, tomillo fino -
caiiamillo, rabo de gato, rabogato -
Sideritis leucantlza Cav. subsp. leucantlm rabogato -
hair restorer, antirheumatic, anti- inflammatory, tonic for circulatory system, analgesic, remedy for high cholesterol levels, appetizer, antitus- sive, remedy for influenza hypotensive, vult~erary, digestive, sedative depurative, stomaehic, remedy for relieving of the high rerpiratory tract, antirheumatic, appetizer. tonic soporific, diuretic, astringent, sedative, digestive, tonic for circulatory system, vulnerary, antihalitosic dermatologie, anti-infective dimtic, sedative, antiashatic, appehr, tranquiIlizer, antipyretic, antirheumatic, analgesic, remedy for relievimg of the high respiratory tract, stomachic antirheumatic. vulnerary, ophthalrmic, anti-odontalgic, hypotensive
appetizer. digestive, sedative, anti-odontalgic, astringent, carminative, stomachic, dermatologie digestive, stomackie, diuretic, appetizer, remedy for influenza claimed to protect the liver, digestive, antinfective, depurative
stomachic, diuretic, vulnerary. appetizer, digestive, anti-inflammatory, febrifuge, appetizer, carminative anti-infective, laxative, stomachic, purgative, depurative, digestive, vulnerary, hypotensive, anti-inflam- matory, analgesic, dematologic, remedy for high cholesterol levels diuretic stonlachic, appetizer, anti-inflammatory, mherary, remedy for calcium deficiency, antiseptic urinary tract, antihemorrhoidal remedy for influenza, hypotensive, stomachic, carminative, peptic ulcer rernedy, vulnerary, appetizer, ophtkalmic stomachic, vulnerary, appetizer, carminative, antirheurnatic, remedy for high cholesterol levels, antidiabetic; veterinary emmenagogue
Actes du 2e Colloque EuropEen d'Ethnopharmacologie et de la 1 le Conftkence internationale d'Ethnomkdecine, Heidelberg, 24-27 mars 1993.
M~DICAMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L'APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE I 227
Table 2 (Cont 'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Common names Uses recorded Saecies
Sideritis marininorensis Ob6n and Rivera
Sideritis murgetana Obon and Rivera subsp. murgetana
Sideritis murgetana Ob6n and Rivera subsp. pauczjlora Ob6n and Rivera
Sideritis tragoriganuin Lag.
Stachys oficinalis (L.) Trevisan Teucrium capitatum L. subsp. gracillimum
Teucrium Ieonis Sennen
Teucriunt mnrcicum. Sennen
(Rouy) Valdés-Bermejo
subsp. nturcicum
Teucriunt pseudochamœpitys L.
Teucrium rotundifolium Schreber Teucriunz tvebbianunz Boiss. Thymbra capitata (L.) C'av.
ThYinus ericoides Rouy
Thymus funkii Cosson
Thymus hyemalis Lange
Thymus mnstichina L. subsp. mastichina
rabogato -
caiiamillo, manrubillo, rabogato -
rabogato -
rabogato, rab0 de gato de llano -
betonica, bretonica - boja, cantueso borde, mejorana, - zamarrilla zamarrilla -
mejorana -
digestive, depurative, purgative, antidiabetic, vulnerary, haemostatic, antihemorrhoidal, anti-infective, dermatologic, remedy for high . cholesterol levels, analgesic, antiseptic urinary tract, ophthalmic appetizer, stomachic, anti-acid, peptic ulcer remedy, carminative, depurative, vulnerary, hair restorer, cholagogue, anti-infective, antirheumatic, hypotensive, antidiabetic, tonic for circulatory system, purgative digestive, stomachic, appetizer, remedy for common cold, vulnerary, anti-infective peptic ulcer remedy, remedy for influenza, expectorant, slimming, depurative, remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract, vulnerary, anti-inflammatory antipyretic astringent, anti-infective, vulnerary
antipyretic, emmenagogue, stomachic, appetizer purgative, emmenagogue, digestive, depurative, tonic for circulatory system, appetizer
hie1 de la tierra, hierba de la cruz, - vulnerary, remedy for influenza, appetizer, mata de la grieta, pinillo, pinillo falso petronica real - orov5n - tomillo aceitunero, tomillo andaluz, - tomillo carrasqueiio tomillo fino, tomillo macho, tomillo - negro cantahueso, cantueso, cantueso blanco -
tomillo, tomillo de invierno, tomillo - macho, tomillo morado, tomillo moreno, tomillo rojo, tumillo
almoraduz, almoroje, escombrilla, - mejorana
analgesic, remedy for headache, stomachic antipyretic, astringent antipyretic antipyretic, vermifuge
remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract, vulnerary remedy for calcium deficiency, stomachic, vulnerary digestive, stomachic, astringent, claimed to protect the liver, antitussive, remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract, antipyretic, abortifacient, hair restorer, appetizer, digestive, disinfectant, anti- anemic, anti-odontalgic, sedative, anti- inflammatory, dermatologic stomachic, digestive, anti-infective, analgesic, antirheumatic
Actes du 2e Colloque Européen d'Ethnopharmacologie et de la Ile Conférence internationale d'Ethnomédecine, Heidelberg, 24-27 mars 1993.
228 IM.&DICAMENTS ET ALJMENTS : L'APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE
Table 2 (Cont'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Cornmon marnes Uses recorded Species
Thymus membranaceus Boiss.
Thyrnus moroderi Pau ex Martinez
Thymus piperella L.
Thymus vulgaris L.
Thymus zygis L. subsp. gracilis (Boiss.) Morales
LAURACEE Laurus nobilis L.
LEGUMINOSE Anthyllis cytisoides L.
Antlzyllis terniflora (Lag.) Pau Anthyllis vulneraria L. Ceratonia siliqua L.
Cicer nrietinum L. Colutea arborescens L. subsp. atlantica (Browicz) Ponerl
Coronilla juncea L. Coronilla minima L. subsp.
Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) Ser. Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop.
clusii (Duf.) Murbeclc
Genista longipes Pau Genista murcica Gosson Genista scorpius L. Genista valentina Dufour Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
Lathyrus clymenum L. Lupinus albus L. Medicago nigra (L.) ICroclcer
cantahueso, cantueso, cantueso blanco. - mejorana, picos de pollo, tomillo macho
cantahueso, cantueso, cantueso - morado, tomillo colora0
peberella, pebrela, pebrella, pebrete, - pebreya, perbella, prebete tomillo, tomillo limonero, tomillo - macho, tunullo
risa de suegra, tomillo, tomillo blanco, - tomillo fino, tomillo picante, tomillo rojo, tomillo salsero, tumillo fino
laure1 -
albaida, albaira, arbaida, boja blanca, - mata blanca albaida, albaida fina - trebol de prado, vulneraria - algarrober, algarrobo, garrobo, - garrofera, garrofero, (tender fruit) ganofin, (ripe fruit) algarroba, garrofa cuco, garbanzos - espantalobos, espantazorras -
coronilla, floreta, retama - quebraollas -
hierba del pastor - boja blanca, caiiamillo, caramoncillo, - crujidera, crujiera, chirrera, crujiera fina, escobilla, escoboncillo, mijediega alagua, toliaga hembra - retama, retama basta - aliaga, aulaga - genista, retamol - palodulce, paloduz, regalicia, regaliz, - rogalicia
orova - altramuces, altramuz, tranuso - rompepiedras, tr6bol -
depurative, lithotritic, stomachic, mti-acid anti-odontalgic, digestive, remedy for influenza, antitussive, sedative and diuretic, remedy for calcium deficiency tonic, anti-acid, remedy for influenza, depurative, used in the treatment of drug addiction stomachic, peptic ulcer remedy
digestive, carminative, appetizer, remedy for influenza, vulnerary, strengthener, antirheumatic, sedative stomachic, antitussive, antiseptic
analgedc, remedy for relieving of the hi& respiratory tract, hairrestorer, stomachic, tonic, strengthener
stomachic, anti-asthmatic
remedy for influenza laxative, depurative, vulnerary antitussive, remedy for influenza, dematologic, laxative, remedy for warts
laxative, dermatologie, vulnerary purgative, sedative
cardiotonic, dematologic laxative
antihemorrhoidal antihemorrhoidal
stomachic anti-odontalgic, remedy for broken bones anti-odontalgic, appetizer, sedative anti-odontalgic, remedy for broken bones antitussive, antiasthmatic, peptic ulcer remedy, remedy for influenza, Iaxative, oral antiseptic anti-infective antidiabetic lithotritic
Actes du 2e Colloque EuropCen d'Ethnophmacologie et de la 1 le Confkrmce internationale d'Ethnorn6decine, Heidelberg, 24-27 mars 1993.
MEDICAMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L'APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE I 229
Table 2 (Cont'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Species
Common names Uses recorded
Medicago sativa L.
Phaseohs vulgaris L.
Psoralea bituminosa L. Retama sphœrocarpa L.
Trifolium fragiferum L. Trifolium pratense L. Vicia faba L.
LILIACELE' Allium cepa L.
Allium roseum L. Allium sativum L.
Asparagus acutifolius L.
Asparagus albus L.
Asparagus horridus L. Asphodelus cirerœ Sennen
Asphodelus fistulosus L. Asphodelus ramosus L.
(=A. cerasiferus Gay).
Lapiedra martinezii Lag. Lilium candidum L. (cultivated)
Ruscus acukatus L.
Smilax nspera L. Urginea maritima Baker
afalfa, alfalfa, alflafilla de monte, - mierga alubia, alubias, bachoca, bajocas, - habichuelas, judias, majocas, (tender fruit) grisuelos angelota, cejinegra, mata pestosa, rudon - retama -
trébol - berrillo, trébol - habas, (tender fruit) tabilla, (ripe seed) - michirbn. minchirbn
cebolla -
ajo, ajo porro, ajo rosa - ajo, (larger individuals selected for - production of plant) aja
espihago, espihago Silvestre, - espkago triguero, esparraguera. esparraguillo espihago, esparraguera, espanraguera - blanca esparraguera, esparraguera borde - cebollana, cebollana borde, cebolleta, - gamoncillo, gamones. jabonera, monecillo, tapaculos, varicas de San José, varita de San José cebollana, gambn, tapaculos - cebollana, cebollano, cebollinos, - cebollbn, gambonita, gambn, ganones, jabonera, jambn, vara de San José cebolla, cebolla de nardo - azucena, azucena blanca, vara de San - José bronco, brusco, jusbarda, rucus, rusco, - siempreverde zarza parrilla, zarzaparrilla - cebolla albarrana, cebolla borde, - cebollino del demonio
depurative, diuretic, tonic, arti-odontalgk, ophthalmic remedy for high cholesterol levels, antidiabetic
vulnerary dermatologic, emmenagogue, aborti- facient, antidiabetic anti-inflammatory laxative, anti-asthmatic vulnerary
dermatologic, digestive, tonic for circulatory system, remedy for influenza hypotensive, antidiabetic, vulnerary, anti-inflammatory, cholagogue, slimming anti-inflammatory antirheumatic, tonic for circulatory system, for gout, depurative, digestive, anti- odontalgic, anthelmintic, remedy for influenza, dermatologic, hypotensive, antipyretic, depurative, astringent laxative
anti-anemic
dermatologic dermatologic
astringent, dermatologic astringent, dermatologic, antihemorrhoidal, remedy for toothache
dermatologic vulnerary, dermatologic
vulnerary, dermatologic, emmenagogue, antipyretic, diuretic depurative, antidiabetic dermatologic
Actes du 2e Colloque Européen #Ethopharmacologie et de la 1 le Conférence internationale #Ethomédecine, Heidelberg, 24-27 mars 1993.
230 I ML?DICAMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L’APPROCHE ETHNOPH~,WACOLOGIQLJE
Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list of medieinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Common names Uses recorded Species
LINACEB Linum s~~fiuticossz~rn L. subsp. jinzenezii (Pau) Rivas Goday and Rivas Martinez
Linum usitatissimum L.
Lythrum salicaria L.
Althœa hirsuta L.
LYTHRACEE
. W V A C E B
Althœa oficinalis L.
Althea rosea (L.) Cav. Lavatera arborea L.
Lavatera cretica L.
Lavatera maritima Gouan Malva niceensis All.
Malva parviflora L.
Malva sylvestris L.
hie1 de la tierra
lino, linueso, linuezo
salicaria
malva
malvavisco, marvavisco, marvisco
malva real, malvarrosa malva, malva de arbolico, malva real, malvarisco, malvarrosa
malva, malva terrestre
malvarisco, marvio malvas
malva, malvas
malva, malva rastrera, marva
MOMGEL8 Ficzrs carica L. (traditional figuera, higuera
Morus alba L. morera cultivation)
MYFtTACEE
- appetizer
- anti-inflammatory
- astringent
- dermatologie, laxative, antitussive, emmenagogue, sedative
- remedy for influenza, antitussive, remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract, laxative
- digestive, remedy for influenza, stomachic - remedy for influenza, purgative, remedy
for relieving of the hi& respiratory tract, stomachic, antitussive, anti-innammatory, dermatologie
- remedy for influenza, digestive, laxative, vulnerary, remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract, antitussive, anti-inflammatory
- remedy for influenza - remedy for influenza and common cold,
dermatologie, vulnerary - remedy for influenza, digestive,
laxative, vulnerary - antirheumatic, antitussive, stomachic,
remedy for influenza, remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract, laxative, sedative, tranquillizer, anti- inflammatory, vulnerary? dernlato- logic, antihemorroidal, antipyretic
- laxative, antitussive. digestive, stomachic, antidiabetic, dermatologie, vulnerary
- antiseptic urinary tract, abortifacient
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Denb. caliptro, calistro, eucalipto, eucaliptro, - antitussive, remedy for relieving of the eucaliptus, eucalisto, eucalistro, high respiratory tract, antipyretic ocalistro, ocaliptro, ucalihto
Eucalyptus globulus Labill e,ucalipto, ogalito - remedy for influenza, hair restorer, laxative, oral antiseptic, remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract
respiratory tract Eucalyptus 1eucoxyIotz F. Mnell. eucalipto - remedy for relieving of the high
Myrtus cornmunis L. var. cotnmunis arraygn, rnirto, murta, murtera - emmenagogue, remedy for influenza
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MED~CAMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L;~PPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE I 231
Table 2 (Cunt’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Common names Uses recorded Species
OLEACEB Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl
Jasminum oJjcinale L.
Jasminum ofSicinale L. forma grandzjlorum (L.) Kobuski
Jasminum polyanthum Ranch. Olea europœa L. var. europœa
Olea europœa L. var. sylvestris (Miller) Brot.
OROBANCHACEB Cistanche phelypœa (L.) Coutinho
Orobanche crenata Forsk. Orobanche latisquama (Schl.)
Orobanche minor Sm.
Phœnix dactylifera (cultivated)
Argenzone mexicana L. Papaver hybridum L. Papaver rhœas L.
Benth. and Hook.
PALMACEB
PAPAVERACEK
Papaver somniferum L.
PASSIFLORACEK
PLANTAGINACEB Passifzora cœrulea L.
Plantago afra L Plantago albicans L.
Plantago coronopus L. Plantago lanceolata L.
POACEB (GRAMINFLE) Arundo donax L.
Avena barbata Pott. ex Link. Avena sterilis L.
freno, fresno, fresno comïin, fresno de la tierra jazm’n de flor blanca, jazm’n, jazminero jazminero
jazm’n de flor blanca olivera, olivo, (fruit) oliva
acebuche, acembuche, acimbuche, cembuche, olivera borde, olivo borde, zambuche
foll6n de lobo, jopos de zorra, mata pujera, pijo de lobo, pijolobo foll6n de lobo, pijo de lob0 pedo de lobo, pijo de lob0
pijo de lobo, rab0 de zorra, rabolobo
palmera, palmera datilera
cardo santo ababol valenciano, amapola ababaol, ababol, ababoles, amapolas, arabol, babaol
adonnideras, amapolas blancas, cascal, cascales, (bot6n floral) monja
pasionaria
zaragatona canilla, pelosilla, pelusilla, pelusillas, velosilla estrella de mar, estrellamar, rampete llantkn menor, Hantera
cafia, (inflorescence) jopo, (rhizome) raiz de cafia, (large reed) licera, lisera, (medium reed) bardiza avena borde avena, ballueca, bayo, cobula, cula
- diuretic, digestive, astringent,
- ophthalmic, antihalitosic anti-odontalgic
- ophthalmic, antihalitosie
- Ophthalmic - hypotensive, antidiabetic, antirheumatic,
depurative, anti-odontalgic, remedy for influenza, dermatologic, antihemorrhoidal, hair restorer, anti-inflammatory
- hypotensive, antirheumatic
- astringent, emmenagogue
- astringent - astringent
- astringent
- remedy for influenza
- purgative - dermatologic, anti-infective - soporific, antitussive, relieving of the
respiratory tract, ophthalmic, soporific, anti-inflammatory
- sedative, soporific, anti-infective, dermatologic
- antiallergic
- hair restorer - haemostatic. antitussive, astringent,
- diuretic, digestive, antihemorrhoidal - vulnerary, remedy for influenza,
antiseptic, anti-inflammatory
antihemorrhoidal
- analgesic, diuretic, antidiabetic
- laxative, refrigerant - diuretic
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232 I hf&DICAMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L’APPROCHE ETHNOPHARWACOLOGIQUE
Table 2 (Conr’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Cornmon marne5 Uses recorded Species
Brachypodium retusum (Pers.) Beauv. Bromus rigidus Roth. Bromus rubens L. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
Hordeum vulgare L.
Zmperata cylindrica (L.) Rauschel Oryza sativa L. Poa infirma Kunth. Saccharum oficinarum L. Secale cereale L. Stipa tenacissima L.
Triticum œstivum L. etnovar. “candeal“ Zea mays L.
Zea mays L. etnovar. “rojo”
Polygonum aviculare L. Polygonum egr4isetifomte L. Rumex crispus L.
Rumexpulcher L. POSDONIACEB
Posidolzia oceanica (L.) Delile PRJMULACEW
Coris monspeliensis L. subsp.
Coris monspeliensis subsp.
POLYGONACEE
monspeliensis
rivasiana (Esteve) Alcaraz and cols. PWCACEW
RAFFLESIACEB Punica granatm L.
Cytinus hypocisfis (L.) L.
Clematis flammula L. Helleborus fœtidus L.
RANUNCULACEB
R H M A C E B Rhamnus alateraus L.
lastbn, pasto - cola de caballo - cola de caballo, espiguilla. rompesacos - agrama, grama, grama de campo, - grama forastera, (rhizome) raiz de grama cebs6, cebada -
sisca -
bayo, hierba gallinera, pelote - eaiia de az~car, calla dulce - centeno - (whole plant) atocha, tocha, (leaves) - esparto, (inflorescence) raigbn, rig6n
trigo, trigo candeal - maiz, panizo, (stem ) arcazaba, (bracts) - perfolla, perifolla, (infrutescence) mazorca, panocha, (mis) zuro, (pistyl) pelo de panocha, (male inflorescence) copa panizo, panizo rojo -
hierba de la sangre, nudosa - nudosa, romanza, rompearados - mastramo. romanza, romanzas, - romaza, rumaza romanza, romanzas, romaza, rumaza -
algas -
bksamo -
bksamo3 periquillo -
arroz -
granado, granao, (fruit) grana -
colmenica, hierba la jara -
bigarrilla, jazminera borde, jazminon-0 - hierba llanera, hierba lobadea, - helkboro. pie de grifo
acebo, aladierno, mesto -
astringent diuretic diuretic antiseptic for urinary system, appetizer, diuretic, lithotritic, purgative
antiseptic of the high respiratory tract, digestive, sedative, astringent anti-inflammatory dermatologic purgative depurative and diuretic remedy for influenza emmenagogue, remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract, astriagent, anti-odontalgic, abortifacient, sedative laxative, anti-inflammatory diuretic, antiseptic of urinary tract
antipyretic
diuretic, remedy for influenza diuretic, remedy for influenza diuretic, remedy for influenza, antitussive
dermatologic, antiseptic forurinary system
vulnerary
vulnerary
vulnerary, diuretic
vulnerary, dermatologie, anthelmintic
stomachic
sedative, dermatologic, vulnerary antipyretic, antiparasitic
anti-inflammatory
Actes du 2e Colloque Europeen d’Ethnopharmacologie et de la 1 le Confkrence internationale d’Elhnomkdecine, Heidelberg, 24-27 mars 1993.
M~RICAMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L’APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE w 233
Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Common names Uses recorded Suecies
ROSACEE Crategus azarolus L.
Cratagus monogyna Jacq. subsp. brevispina (G. Kunze) Franco
Cydonia oblonga Miller
Eryobotrya japonica (Thunb.)
Malus domestica Borkh.
Potentillapentaphylla L. Potentilla reptans L.
Prunus armeniaca Miller
Lindley
Prunus avium L. Prunus domestica L. Prunus dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb
Prunuspersica L.
Rosa canina L.
Rosa pouzinii Tratt. Rubus ulmifolius L. Sanguisorba minor Scop. subsp.
Sorbus dornestica L. magnolii (Spach) P. Cout.
RUBIACEB Galium aparine L. Galium fruticescens Cav. Galium verum Hudson
Citrus aurantium L. RUTACEE
Citrus bergam.ia Riss0 Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.
Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.
acerolo, acerolero, cirolero, (fruit) cirola espino albar, espino blanco
membrillero, (fruit) membrilla, membrillo nisperero, nispero, nispolero
manzano, perero, peretero
tormentilla pie de Cristo
abercoquero, albaricoquero, albercoquero, albericoquero, (fruits) abercoques, abridores cerezo, picoter0 curuela (fruit), ciruelo almendro
malacatonero, melocotonero (fruits) malacatones, melocotones borracha, escaramujo, rosal silvestre, tapaculos borracha, rosal silvestre zarza, zarzamora hierba de Santa Teresa, solaexiste
serbal
amor de hortelano, lapa hierba de Oro hierba de Oro
naranjo amargo, pepitero, (flowers) azahar
bergamota, naranja borde limonero, (flowers) azahar
pomelo
- anti-odontalgic
- sedative
- astringent, vulnerary, peptic ulcer
- remedy for influenza and common cold,
- antirheumatic, hypotensive, astringent,
- astringent, carminative, antihemorrhoidal - antihemorrhoidal, dermatologic,
anti-inflammatory - laxative, dermatologic
remedy
anti-inflammatory, vulnerary
laxative
- diuretic, ophthalmic diseases - laxative - analgesic, anti-odontalgic, purgative,
- laxative
- astringent, appetizer, digestive, stomachic, diuretic
- astringent - astringent, anti-odontalgic, vulnerary - cholagogue, diuretic, lithotritic
- laxative, antidiabetic, astringent,
digestive, refrigerant
antitussive, diuretic
- otitis - digestive, stomachic - digestive, stomachic
- tranquillizer, vulnerary, stomachic, digestive, sedative, relieving of the respiratory tract
- antidiabetic - digestive, stomachic, astringent,
antiemetic, vulnerary, dermatologic, analgesic, anti-odontalgic, remedy for influenza
- hypotensive, slimming
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234 I MÉDICAMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L'APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE
Table 2 (Cont'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Comom names Uses recorded S'ecies
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeclc
Dictamnus hispanicus Webb
Ruta angustifolia L.
Ruta graveolens L.
SALICACEE Populus alba L. Salk pedicellata Desf.
SCROPHULARIACEb'E Digilalis obscura L.
Misopates orontium (L.) Rd . Verbascum pulverulentwn Vill.
Verbascum sinuaturn L.
Verbasclun thapsus L.
SOLANACEE Capsicum fiutescens L. Hyoscyamus albus L.
Lycium intricaturn L. Lycopersicum esculentum. Miller Nicotiana glauca W. @. Graham. Nicotiana tabaccwn L. Solanuwz melongena L. Solanum nigrum L. Solanurn tuberosum L. Withania frutescens (L. j Dunal
Tamarix africana Poiret Tamarix boveana Bunge Tamarix canariensis Willd.
Daphne gnidium L.
Daphne laureola L. subsp. latifolia (Cossonj Kvas Martinez
Thymeha hirsuta (L.) Endl.
TAMAIBICACErE
THYMELEACEE
naranjo, (flowers) azahar
camin real, tim6n real
rua, ruda, ruda borde
ruda, ruda generosa
Alamo, Alamo blanco, chopo blanco sauce
bruja, dedalera, corrigia, crujia
gordolobo, orejas de lobo, verbasco
gordolobo, verbasco
gordolobo, moiiigas de lobo, orejas de lobo, verbasco, verdolobo
guindillas, guindillas picantes beleiio, beleiio macho, meleiio, trepbn, - veleno cambronero, sala0 - tomatera, (seed) binza, (fruit) tomate - gandul - tabac0 - berengena - yerba mora - crilla, patatera, patata - aroval, emperador, orobal, oroval -
taray taray taray
matapollo, matapollos, torbisco, - torovisco, torvisco salabionda -
bolaga, boalgas, bojalaga, boleaga -
sedative, remedy for influenza. laxative, remedy for calcium deficiency, remedy for influenza antiprretic, anti-idlammatory, stomachic, digestive, appetizer sedative, analgesic, astringent, antirheumatic, vulnerary, ophthalmic, stomachic, digestive, dermatologie, emmenagogue, abortifacient. antihemorrhoidal sedative, antirheumatic, otitis, ernrnenagogue, antihemorrhoidal
vulnerary, antihemorrhoidal antipyretic
anti-odontalgic, vulnerary, anti-infective, tonic for circulatory system respiratory ailments anti-inflammatory. claimed to protect the liver, cholagogue anti-inflammatory, claimed to protect the liver, cholagogue anti-infianrnatory, claimed to protect the liver, cholagogue, laxative
remedy for influenza anti-odontalgic, vulnerary, antihemorrhoidal, sedative dermatologie diuretic, dermatologie dermatologie tranquillizer dermatologie dermatologie soporifie, dermatologic, ophthalmic antipyretic, vulnerary
dermatologie dermatologie dermatologie
dermatologie, astringent, sedative
purgative, abortifacient
anti-odontalgic, astringent
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MÉDICAMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L'APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE I235
Table 2 (Cont 'd) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Region and their local indications
FAMILY Common names Uses recorded Species
Thymealea tartonraira (L.) AU.
Tilia platyphyllos Scop.
Typha angustifolia L.
Celtis australis L.
TILIACELE
TYPHACEE
ULMACEE
UMBELLIFJXE Anethum graveolens L.
Apium graveolens L. (traditional cultivation)
Apium nodiflorunt L. Bupleurunzfruticosum L. Bupleurum rigidum L. Conium maculatum L. Eryngium campestre L.
Eryngium ilicifolium Lam.
Fœniculum vulgare Miller
Petroselinum crispum (Miller) Nyman (traditional cultivation)
Pimpinella anisum L. (cultivation plant)
Thapsia villosa L.
Parietaria judaica L. Urtica urens L.
URTICACEB
VALERIANACEB Centranthus calcitrapa (L.) Dufresne
quebraolla
tilero, tilo, (medicinal plant) tila
puros de anea
alatonero, almecinero, aratonero, almez, laionero, latonero, lidonero, lionera, Win, lironero
eneldo, enerdo, neldo
apio
apio borde adelfilla, clujia fina clujia basta, oreja de liebre cicuta cardiph, cardo corredor, cardoph, cardo penicardo, cardo Santo, cardo setero, panicardo mancaperros
ainojo, hinojera, hinojo, inoho, linojo
perejil
matalahuva, matalauva
turbai
caracolera hostiga, ortiga, ostiga
quina
purgative, tonic for circulatory system
remedy for influenza, tonic, diuretic
mosquito repellent
haemostatic, astringent
digestive
diuretic, appetizer, antirheumatic, hypotensive, for gout, tonic for circulatory system, dermatologic anti-odontalgic anti-inflammatory anti-inflammatory vulnerary, anti-odontalgic, sedative vulnerary, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipoison, dermatologic, diuretic
depurative, dermatologic, vulnerary, astringent, ophtalmic depurative, remedy for influenza, stomachic, digestive, appetizer, carmi- native, tranquillizer, slimming, anti- tussive, vulnerary, ophthalmic diseases carminative, antidiabetic, appetizer, diuretic, emmenagogue, haemostatic, vulnerary, analgesic, abortifacient, anti-odontalgic, hair restorer stomachic, digestive, relieving of the respiratory tracts depurative
antihemorrhoidal, diuretic, vulnerary tonic for circulatory system, remedy for influenza, hypotensive, remedy for high cholesterol levels, dermatologic, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antitussive, diuretic, expectorant, hair restorer, soporific, antihemorrhage, depurative, antiseptic for urinary system
hair restorer, antipyretic
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236 bs M.~DICAMENTS ET ALIMElWS : L’APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE
Table 2 (Cont’d) Check-list of medicinal autoctonous and introduced plant species of the Murcia Wegion and their local indications
FAMIZY Species
C o m o n names Uses recorded
VERBENACEB Aloysia triphylylla (L‘Her.) Britt. hierha luisa - stomachic. purgative, digestive, sedative,
appetizer, emmenagogue, sedative, remedy for influenza
VITACEE Wtis berlandierii Planchon uva americana, vid silvestre - dermatologic, haemostatic Wtis vinifera L. p u a , vid, (dry fruits) pasas - dermatologic, haemostatic, hair restorer,
remedy for influenza, astringent ZYGOPHYLLACEE
Fagonia cretica L. mata quijalera - anti-odontalgic Peganum hamzala L. aljamega, catarrofic, catarrofin, - vulnerary, dermatologic, anti-
catarmcin, jamega, matarmfin in f lma to ry
Table 3 Check-list of exotic imported plants traditionally sold in the markets of the Murcia region and their local indications
FAMILTP Common names Uses recorded Species
FEW§ ASPIDIACEE
DryopterisJilinnas (L.) Schott. helecho macho - taenif’uge
ANGIOSPEIbWIS ASTERACEE (COMPOSITE) Achillea millefolium L. miel en rama, milenrama - tonic for circulatory system
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MÉDIGIMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L’APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE W 237
Table 3 (Cont’d) Check-list of exotic imported plants traditionally sold in the markets of the Murcia region and their local indications
FAMILY Common names Uses recorded Species
Arctium minus (Hill.) Bernh. lnula montana L. Solidago virgaurea L.
Betula pendula Roth CANNABINACEE
Humulus lupulus L. GENTIANACEg
Gentiana lutea L. ILIACEE
Ilicium verunt Hook. f.
LAMIACEE (LABIATE)
BETULACEE
Lavandula angustifolia Miller Mentha pulegium L.
Sideritis pusilla (Lge.) Pau
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Garc. LAURACEE
ex Blume
LEGUMINOSE Cassia senna L. Trigonella fœnumgrœcum L.
Peumus boldus Molina MONIMIACEE
MUSACEE Musa x cavendishii Lambert cv.
“Dwarf Cavendish”
Frainus excelsior L.
Piper nigrum L. POLYGONACEE
Rlzeum ofSicinale L. RHAMNACEE
Frangula alnus Miller
Wscum album L.
OLEACEE
PIPERACER
SANTALACEE
SCROPHULARIACEE Digitalis purpurea L.
Tilia x vulgaris Hayne
Curninum cvminum L.
TLIACEE
UMBELLIFERE
bardana, lapa - &mica - caiïa de Oro, palito de Oro, vara de Oro -
abedul -
ldpulo -
genciana -
anis estrellado -
espliego, lavanda menta poleo, poleo
rab0 de gato de monte
canela
sen alholva, fenogreco
boldo
plfitano -
fresno
pimienta
ruibarbo
frangula
muérdago
digital
tila
comino
depurative vulnerary, stomachic diuretic, claimed to protect the liver
antirheumatic
diuretic
appetizer
carminative, digestive, appetizer, antispasmodic
analgesic digestive, tranquillizer, analgesic, stomachic, antirheumatic expectorant, depurative, vulnerary
remedy for relieving of the high respiratory tract, tonic for circulatory system, emmenagogue
laxative antianemic, dermatologic, antidiabetic
claimed to protect the liver, cholagogue, lithotritic
astringent
for gout
anti-odontalgic
cholagogue and choleretic
analgesic
antiseptic for urinary system, tonic for circulatory system
tonic for circulatory system, toxic
stomachic, sedative, tranquillizer
sedative, emmenagogue ~ ~~~
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238 I MEDICAMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L;~PPUOCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE
otic plants, for instance an ordonance was issued for the use of a mixture made of gun powder, rosemary, thyrne and juniper to be bumt in houses for preventing eontagious diseases. Special rem- edies were sometimes provided to the Murcians by the royal Court of the Castille or Spain. This is the case of the Mandeval‘s Opiata, including quinine, which was released during the paludic epidemy of 1786 ( T O W S et al.. 1981). One of the statutary duties for the Royal Botanic Garden at Cartagena, founded by at the end of the xvmth century, was the inventory, collection and cultivation of Murcian medicinal plants (FElXRhJDIZ, 1990). The “polvos de las viborem” was a famous mixture involving Eryngium cainpesrre, Echium vulgare, Alysutn spinosuln and Calantintha ahcendens. This powder was a reputed rem- edy during the cholera epidemy of 1833. Also mint, juice of pin- yons and olive oil were used in the treatment of the cholera (TORRES et al., 1981; ALARCON, CUFBCA,AGUWRE and FOLGADO, 1834; Anonymous, 1834).
Local medicinal plants grow wild in the hins, plains and river bassins or are cultivated. Peasants collect themselves their me- dicinal plants but people of the larger tou7ns buy these very often in specialized market stores. Some vendors own perma- nent stalls in the Murcia City market places of Verhicas, San Lorenzo, etc. many herbalists called “yerberos” frequent the market places on particular days within the regional periodic market systems. Traditional herbalists of Fortuna town (E. of Murcia) have sold until recent times tfieir herbal prepara- tions visiting their customers at home (JIMÉNEZ and PE&UUP?JM, 1992: CA-LO, 1990).
PErnNCES ÀGUILA GUILLÉN M., 1988, Plantas medicinales de Sierra Espniia, Laboratorio de Etnobothica. Universidad de Murcia, 45 p. (InBd.). ALARC6N M., CUENCA V., AGUIRRE J., FOLGADO J., 1834, Avi- sos importantes que sobre la adulteracih de los polvos de las viboreras dan a las Juntas Provincial y Municipal de Sanidad de Mz~rcia, Murcia, Sebastih Hemhdez, 29 p. ALCAZAR M.D., GARCfA C., RIVERA D., OBdN C., 1990, Lesser- known herbal remedies as sold in the market at Murcia and Cartagena (Spain), Jozrnzal of Etlznopl~a~~acolog~~, 28,243-247. A L E M h F., 1987, El mal de ojo, historia, clinica y tratamiento, Ana- les de Medicina y Cirugin de Murcia, 107-136. ÀLVAREZ ROGEL J., ASENCIO MARThEZ A.D., S A E Z SOTO F., 1989, Phztas silvestres comestibles de Sierra Espzuïa. Laboratorio de Etnobotinica, Universidad de Murcia. 11 p. (Inkd.).
According to the Spanish Medicament Law (COBREROS, 1991), traditional herbs san be sold in the markets and herb stores, provided that these are toxicologically safe and no medical advice or therapeutic indications are given with the plant. Exotic medicinal species and their galenic presenta- tions have specific requirements, which are similar to mod- ern prescription or patent medieines. In fact this Law is mis-aplied since its promulgation day because the meaning of traditional herbs is not clearly defined in its pages, and no list of allowed taxa has been associated to the text. Tolerance is the attitude of medical authorities with respect to the market of exotic herbs but abuses are becoming a commonplace and presumably restrictive attitudes will be the consequence of repeated abuses. The whole medicinal flora is over four hundred taxa (Table 2) being about a 70% wild plants and a 30% cultivated. The ex- otic species traditionally sold in the markets for medieinal pur- poses (Table 3) are spices and herbs, their number is reduced when compared with the local resources. The more relevant plant families in number of local medicinal species are Lmniacece (Labiatce) and Asteracece (CompositE) (Table l), this reflects the high diversity of these families in the region. Dermatologies are the more frequent local indications for herbal remedies. immediately followed of vulnerary and diuretics. Other relevant uses because of being relatively frequent are stomachic, digestive, astringent, anti-infective, remedy for toothache and remedy for influenza. The plants are highly specific in the folk medicine, about 50% have only one indication and 80% less than four indications.
Anonymous, 1834, Metodo para 21sar la yerba Ilanzada nzastranzos en la enfennedad del cdlera morbo, Berruezo, Olihuela, 2 p. BARREDOA.,PÉFEZHER.NhEZF.,TOWROM.J., 1991, Us0 y conocimiento de las plantas medicinales en Yecla, Laboratorio de Etnobothica. Universidad de Murcia, 61 p. (Inkd.). CANO VELAZQUEZ J., 1990, Nombres vulgares y 11~0s de plantas (Javali). Laboratorio de Etnobotanica, Universidad de Murcia, 20 p. (Md.). CANOVAS F., MARThEZ M., PELEGRfW A., 1994, Estzrdio Etnobotdrzico de Santomera, Laboratorio de Etnobothica, Universidad de Murcia, 50 p. (Md.). CARACENA J., 1988, Ettzobotddnica : Lus nombres populares de plan- tas nzedicinales, Laboratorio de Etnobotinica, Universidad de Murcia, 65 p. (In6d.). CARRILLO GONZALEZ J., 1990, Lusyerberos de Fortzn~a. Laboratorio de Etnobothica, Universidad de Murcia, 19 p. On6d.).
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MÉDICAMENTS ET ALIMENTS : L'APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQUE I 2 3 9
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