CONDITIONS DACCES AU FINANCEMENT PUBLIC
ATELIER SUR LA REFORME DES SECTEURS DE LEAU ET DE LASSAINISSEMENT EN AFRIQUE - RABAT - 13 AU 17 NOVEMBRE 2006
par Mouhamed Fadel NDAWCoordonnateur du Programme dEau Potable et dAssainissement du Millnaire (PEPAM)[email protected]
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
SOMMAIRE DE LA PRESENTATION
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
I CONSTATS SUR LE FINANCEMENT
DU SECTEUR
II NECESSITE DU FINANCEMENT PUBLIC
IV MECANISMES DU FINANCEMENT
PUBLIC CAS DU SENEGAL
V LEONS TIREES POUR LES OMDs
CONSTATSURBANISATION GALOPANTE EN AFRIQUE
Source: World Bank 2001 FPSI Strategies for Africa - Urban
199020102025 ACCES A LEAU POTABLE EN MILIEU URBAINPas daccs en 2000 : 40 millions personnesPersonnes additionnelles desservir dici 2015+ 178 millions ACCES A LASSAINISSEMENT EN MILIEU URBAINPas daccs en 2000 : 46 millions personnesPersonnes additionnelles desservir dici 2015+ 212 millions
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
CONSTATSnormes besoins dinvestissements
Aide internationale insuffisante
Concurrence avec les autres secteurs (nergie, tlcommunications) pour le financement priv
Comptition avec les autres secteurs (sant, ducation) pour le financement public
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
Flux financiers vers le secteur de leau en 2000 Billion USDEstimations tires du GWP Framework for ActionCONSTATSMilliards $
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
Chart3
489
144
local
international
Sheet1
localinternational
public489
priv144
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local
international
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Sheet5
Sheet6
CONSTATSInvestissement priv international dans les infrastructures entre 1990-2002 par secteur et rgion, milliards US$
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
Chart1
75.12525940832.3495543422121.284475540912.216492713622.82845712526.2482696633
56.195016558268.0561704912182.272218937710.473026899319.604589187918.5198084926
49.99412945225.137722649773.22233155512.3253177163.03711651852.7905224627
16.96711664323.461722675121.33062497841.33476296580.2255906420.2432750099
East Asia and Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
Middle East and North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Chart2
0.06058343061.35651808631.26839673280
0.49971812081.24625950782.58200894850
5.28885993491.29633441911.12734201951.9971596091
7.00232911391.13481645572.6406856542.9023270042
7.96627338133.88441932175.11292908530.1610524152
9.8782526.3971345.6798120.264556
12.85443148698.353689018510.20052089410.7144217687
14.178602089310.28023171897.43691358027.120005698
5.72355140191.81874392522.33110654210.6955383178
1.6300841724.66407685272.34056724611.157652333
4.08809930597.31738757043.52809142510.0985914658
3.79087497064.07860568173.94545532440.6177120314
2.16364.36681.80031.2381
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Energy
Telecom
Transport
Water & Sewerage
East Asia and the Pacific: Real Investment in PPI by Sector, 1990-2002
Chart3
0.0936289382000
00.360599552600
1.14796959830.267133550500
01.07768354430.4644071730
1.46742034942.16208016440.76887975330.0194039054
4.7928064.3965620.3111660.037052
4.81036345976.34539552960.12178425661.0802332362
3.243375118712.07622981960.47625830960.1878138651
1.65971962629.96151588791.35016261680.1191028037
1.11522415378.48919853610.38487648670.0329277219
4.724661788816.17422239250.92137066851.3930222145
1.14848530935.27634951370.33881738520.5238669283
8.14591.469200.0683
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Energy
Telecom
Transport
Water & Sewerage
Europe and Central Asia: Real Investment in PPI by Sector, 1990-2002
Chart4
0.88906184364.75029171539.21336289380
012.02900447430.80448545860.0989932886
6.55764820856.35393485343.55729641690
3.96507383977.64361181432.6532573845.0834599156
4.943144912611.27585200412.94417882840.3172538541
7.6200867.703043.3257121.522554
11.059317784310.83444120517.59626433430.1581360544
26.082146248814.263768281112.77773029442.128034188
21.116155140240.188263551414.77922429911.6115271028
11.371507776819.25224519674.05302470275.5478353156
15.841162875217.10373938974.60727110293.1444828936
6.868770911321.34102645234.90452384011.2954483657
4.97049.5332.0060.4229
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Energy
Telecom
Transport
Water & Sewerage
Latin America and the Caribbean: Real Investment in PPI by Sector, 1990-2002
Chart5
00.013768961500
0000
00.012812160700.0076872964
3.64331223630.006223628700
0.24800616650.112785200400
00.141600
0.23966958210.141049562700.0108940719
5.16701044630.21381196580.29976258310
0.27570093461.86605420560.13663738321.1028037383
0.96947849951.99423238790.19648673380.0593778591
0.15666016813.20213383540.67562308480
1.51665468021.64655499060.76680793110
01.1220.250.154
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Energy
Telecom
Transport
Water & Sewerage
Middle East and North Africa: Real Investment in PPI by Sector, 1990-2002
Chart6
0.18615635940.17885880980.00261610270
0.80989709170.034185682300
0.04048642780.025496199800
1.30783333330.076550632900
2.52032476880.72837410070.15159301130
3.0085280.7956740.3535280
4.721.76151409140.12384839650
1.69267806274.46024311490.61868755940
1.65453644860.85004112150.3330467290
2.78190667891.39419213170.7741793230
3.09048735560.82089928070.10475343240.225590642
0.91712259843.62106002220.10156396440
0.09854.85750.47330
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Energy
Telecom
Transport
Water & Sewerage
South Asia: Real Investment in PPI by Sector, 1990-2002
Chart7
0.0545250875000
0000.0009239374
0.02972421280.025624321400
00.00062236290.03833755270
0.09228982530.67113257970.02182939360
0.090860.784700
0.53208940721.06910981540.03210884350.0072244898
1.26236467243.05007027540.52511680910
0.78927663551.58064859810.33701682240.0138953271
0.53936688012.8753998171.17935224150.2130045746
0.75886185412.59909662840.04407372730
0.87741108833.64340409440.51218707240.0082266811
1.22152.220.10050
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Energy
Telecom
Transport
Water & Sewerage
Sus-Saharan Africa: Real Investment in PPI by Sector, 1990-2002
Sheet1
Real Investment in PPI Projects by Region and Sector, 1990-2002
(in 2002 S$ billion)
EnergyTelecomTransportWater & SewerageTotal
East Asia and Pacific75.156.250.017.0198.3
Europe and Central Asia32.368.15.13.5109.0
Latin America and the Caribbean1211827321398.1
Middle East and North Africa12102126.3
South Asia23203045.7
Sub-Saharan Africa6.218.52.80.227.8
Total270.1355.1136.543.6805.2
EAP: Real Investment in PPI Projects in Developing Countries by sector, 1990-2002
(in 2002 US$billion)
EnergyTelecomTransportWater & SewerageTotal
19900.11.41.30.02.7
19910.51.22.60.04.3
19925.31.31.12.09.7
19937.01.12.62.913.7
19948.03.95.10.217.1
19959.96.45.70.322.2
199612.98.410.20.732.1
199714.210.37.47.139.0
19985.71.82.30.710.6
19991.64.72.31.29.8
20004.17.33.50.115.0
20013.84.13.90.612.4
20022.24.41.81.29.6
Total75.156.250.017.0198.3
ECA: Real Investment in PPI Projects in Developing Countries by sector, 1990-2002
(in 2002 US$billion)
EnergyTelecomTransportWater & SewerageTotal
19900.10.00.00.00.1
19910.00.40.00.00.4
19921.10.30.00.01.4
19930.01.10.50.01.5
19941.52.20.80.04.4
19954.84.40.30.09.5
19964.86.30.11.112.4
19973.212.10.50.216.0
19981.710.01.40.113.1
19991.18.50.40.010.0
20004.716.20.91.423.2
20011.15.30.30.57.3
20028.11.50.00.19.7
Total32.368.15.13.5109.0
LAC: Real Investment in PPI Projects in Developing Countries by sector, 1990-2002
(in 2002 US$billion)
EnergyTelecomTransportWater & SewerageTotal
19900.94.89.20.014.9
19910.012.00.80.112.9
19926.66.43.60.016.5
19934.07.62.75.119.3
19944.911.32.90.319.5
19957.67.73.31.520.2
199611.110.87.60.229.6
199726.114.312.82.155.3
199821.140.214.81.677.7
199911.419.34.15.540.2
200015.817.14.63.140.7
20016.921.34.91.334.4
20025.09.52.00.416.9
Total121.3182.373.221.3398.1
(1.90)(11.81)(2.90)(0.87)(17.48)
MENA: Real Investment in PPI Projects in Developing Countries by sector, 1990-2002
(in 2002 US$billion)
EnergyTelecomTransportWater & SewerageTotal
19900.00.00.00.00.0
19910.00.00.00.00.0
19920.00.00.00.00.0
19933.60.00.00.03.6
19940.20.10.00.00.4
19950.00.10.00.00.1
19960.20.10.00.00.4
19975.20.20.30.05.7
19980.31.90.11.13.4
19991.02.00.20.13.2
20000.23.20.70.04.0
20011.51.60.80.03.9
20020.01.10.30.21.5
Total12.210.52.31.326.3
SA: Real Investment in PPI Projects in Developing Countries by sector, 1990-2002
(in 2002 US$billion)
EnergyTelecomTransportWater & SewerageTotal
19900.20.20.00.00.4
19910.80.00.00.00.8
19920.00.00.00.00.1
19931.30.10.00.01.4
19942.50.70.20.03.4
19953.00.80.40.04.2
19964.71.80.10.06.6
19971.74.50.60.06.8
19981.70.90.30.02.8
19992.81.40.80.05.0
20003.10.80.10.24.2
20010.93.60.10.04.6
20020.14.90.50.05.4
Total22.819.63.00.245.7
SSA: Real Investment in PPI Projects in Developing Countries by sector, 1990-2002
(in 2002 US$billion)
EnergyTelecomTransportWater & SewerageTotal
19900.10.00.00.00.1
19910.00.00.00.00.0
19920.00.00.00.00.1
19930.00.00.00.00.0
19940.10.70.00.00.8
19950.10.80.00.00.9
19960.51.10.00.01.6
19971.33.10.50.04.8
19980.81.60.30.02.7
19990.52.91.20.24.8
20000.82.60.00.03.4
20010.93.60.50.05.0
20021.22.20.10.03.5
Total6.218.52.80.227.8
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STRATEGIES POUR ATTIRER LE FINANCEMENT PUBLICPLAIDOYER POUR ACCORDER LA PRIORITE AU SECTEUR DE LEAU ET DE LASSAINISSEMENT DANS LINVESTISSEMENT PUBLIC ET DANS LES ARBITRAGES BUDGETAIRES
OUTILS : REFORMES ET MONTAGES FINANCIERS APPROPRIES
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
PRESENTATION DU SENEGAL
DONNEES GENERALES
Surface totale 196.700 km2
Population (2002) 10 millions
Population urbaine (2002)46%
Population rurale (2002)54%
PNB per capita (DSRP) US $ 600
Taux de croissance (2003) : 6.5%
Croissance dmographique2.2%
- Milieu rural 2.07% - Milieu urbain 2.40%
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
Rosso
Richard Toll
Matam
Bakel
Kdougou
Guoul
Kbmer
Tivaouane
Bignona
Oussouye
Sdhiou
Kolda
Khoungheul
Nioro
kaffrine
Dahra
Lingure
Somone
Sokone
Fadhiouth
Mbour
ZIGUINCHOR
TAMBACOUNDA
DAKAR
SAINT-LOUIS
LOUGA
DIOURBEL
KAOLACK
THIES
Dagana
Podor
Mback
Bambey
RUFISQUE
Vlingara
SENEGAL, DAKARDcoupage gographique
Escale-Centre
Direction Rgionale
1. Impliquer le secteur priv dans la gestion de leau tout en veillant crer une socit de patrimoine forte et viable techniquement et financirement,2.Mettre en uvre un programme ambitieux dinvestissements pour rduire le dficit dapprovisionnement en eau et favoriser laccs leau et lassainissement aux populations pauvres par la ralisation de bornes fontaines et de branchements sociaux,3.Maintenir les tarifs deau des niveaux socialement acceptables.
ORIENTATIONS POLITIQUES DU GOUVERNEMENT
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
SONESSocit de PatrimoineContrat de Concession etContrat-Plan 26/04/1996SDEFermierContrat dAffermage05/04/1996AbonnsETATAutorit ConcdanteContrat de Performance
LA CONTRACTUALISATION
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
LA CONTRACTUALISATION EN HYDRAULIQUE URBAINE
1.Contrat de Concession dune dure de trente ans entre lEtat, reprsent par le Ministre de lHydraulique et la SONES qui confre cette dernire la concession du service public de leau potable dans les zones urbaines ;
2. Contrat Plan entre le MH et la SONES, dfinissant les objectifs de dveloppement du secteur de lhydraulique urbaine ;
3. Contrat dAffermage de 10 ans entre le MH, la SONES et la SDE, dlguant la gestion de l'approvisionnement en eau potable en milieu urbain l'oprateur priv SDE;
4. Contrat de Performance entre la SONES et la SDE qui est inclus en annexe du contrat daffermage et stipule les niveaux de performance atteindre.
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
valuation du niveau de recouvrement des cotsvaluation de lquilibre financier du secteurModalits de financement des investissementsvaluation de la capacit du secteur supporter les investissementsModle financierTest des impacts financiers des options institutionnelles
MODELE FINANCIER*
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
FINANCEMENT DU SECTEUR DE LHYDRAULIQUE URBAINE1.BAILLEURS DE FONDS : 250 MILLIONS $ (77 %)
PRETS DIRECTS A LA SONES : AFD ET BOAD : 100 millions $ PRETS DU GVT RETROCEDES A LA SONES : 60 millions $
SUBVENTIONS DEQUIPEMENTS (EQUITY SWAP) : 90 millions $ (IDA + KFW)
2. SDE (PAR LES TARIFS) : 64 MILLIONS $ (20 %)
3. BANQUES COMMERCIALES : 11 MILLIONS $ (3 %)
TOTAL : 325 MILLIONS $
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
MECANISMES DE SUBVENTION DE LACCESFinancement du programme de branchements sociaux pris en compte dans lquilibre financier global du systme
1. Ralisation en dix ans de 500 kms de rseaux, de 120.000 branchements sociaux gratuits pour les pauvres et 500 bornes fontaines pour un cot de 5O millions de $
2. Taux daccs leau de la population urbaine = 90 % dont 71% par branchements domiciliaires
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
LEONS TIREES 1. La SONES a atteint un quilibre financier au 31 Dcembre 2003 grce des hausses annuelles modres des tarifs (3% par an entre 1996 et 2003) et le paiement rgulier des factures de lEtat.
2. Le mode de financement de lhydraulique urbaine introduit avec la rforme de 1996 a t prennis lhorizon 2011 travers :le maintien de la rigueur dans la gestion du secteur et de son autonomie, le renforcement du suivi rgulier des indicateurs de performance (contrat de performances SONES-Etat),la stabilit du cadre institutionnel, la programmation rigoureuse des investissements travers le PEPAM.
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
NOUVEAU SCHEMA DE CONTRACTUALISATIONNouveau schma institutionnel du secteur de lhydraulique urbaine et de lassainissement ETATAutorit concdanteSONES ConcessionnaireSDE FermierETATTutelleONAS DlgataireContrat daffermageContrat de performancesEau potableAssainissementOprateurs privsContrats de servicesCollectivits localesETATActionnairesContrat de performances
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
METHODOLOGIE
Revue des dpenses publiques
Approche sectorielleLettre de politique sectorielle,Programme sectoriel avec plan dinvestissement raliste, Mcanismes durables de pilotage et de coordination du secteur,Cadre de dpenses sectoriel moyen terme,
3. Appui budgtaire : Cas de lhydraulique rurale au Bnin, PEPAM au Sngal (en cours)
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
CONDITIONS DE SUCCES
Contractualisation (Culture du contrat, de la performance et de lefficacit, indicateurs de performances : recouvrement des cots, autonomie de gestion, rduction des cots unitaires)
2. Amlioration de la capacit dabsorption (renforcement des capacits des acteurs publics, adaptation au cycle budgtaire)
3. Coordination des interventions et stabilit des acteurs
4. Alignement des rformes institutionnelles et du cadre lgislatif et rglementaire aux politiques nationales (DSRP, OMD)
5. Suivi et valuation des engagements contractuels et des progrs (ex. revue annuelle du secteur orient vers les OMD )
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
CONDITIONS DE SUCCES
6. Mcanismes transparents de gestion des subventions de laccs travers le modle financier
7. Bonne gouvernance (transparence dans la gestion des marchs publics et dans la tarification, imputabilit, reporting)
8. Stratgie de plaidoyer et de communication envers les dcideurs politiques et le public
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
PRESENTATION FADEL NDAW ACP-EU WORKSHOP STOCKHOLM 24 AUGUST 2005
This slide shows financing flows into the water sector:Private sector financing accounts for a small percentage of total investments. And private investment flows have decreased in the past years. The trend in private investments can only be reversed by closing the revenue cycle and thus attracting new investors. However, this should be done in a sound sector policy framework, addressing underlying issues that need to be addressed regardless of ownership (user fees/subsidies for cash flow and associated regulation (prices and quality).External support agencies is also a minor financing source for water infrastructure in developing countries. International aid levels have been stagnant at best. IDA flows to the WSS sector can increase somewhat but not by an order of magnitude -- through shifts in priority setting or increases in budgets. Aid can only be a supplement and should be done also in the right policy environment.Governments are responsible for the majority of financing. It is imperative to find new ways of steering scarce public funds towards increasing access and maintaining adequate service to the poorest households. The geographical unit of financial sustainability (municipality, province, country) need to be defined.
Regardless of funding source, generating bankable and sustainable projects is imperative.