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« La relance de l’efficacité énergétique en Europe »
Partie 1 : Relancer l’efficacité énergétique en EuropePartie 2 : Financer l’efficacité énergétique des bâtiments en Europe
www.theshiftproject.org
Partie 1 : Relancer l’efficacité énergétique en Europe
Francisco ZuloagaAssociate, Energy Efficiency ProgramEuropean Climate Foundation
Luca BergamaschiResearcher
Think-tank E3G
Matthieu Auzanneau (modérateur)Chargé des affaires publiques et de la prospective
The Shift Project
Adrian JoyceSecretary GeneralEuroACE
LA RELANCE DE L’EFFICACITÉ ÉNERGÉTIQUE EN EUROPE
Les Ateliers du Shift11 December 2014
Francisco R. Zuloaga
Au menu
1. Contexte
2. Politiques européennes d’efficacité énergétique.
3. Quoi de neuf à Bruxelles ?
1. Contexte
The European Climate Foundation (ECF)
• Née en 2008
• Fondation privée
• 25 million € budget annuel
Le psychologue de l’Europe
L’EFFICACITÉ ÉNERGÉTIQUE EST LA RÉPONSE...
...QUELLE EST VOTRE QUESTION ?
• 239 milliards €/an économisés (1000€ par ménage) en 2030.
• 2 million nouveux emplois• Economies de 50 milliards € en importations d’énergie.
Indépendence complete du gaz russe.
La Cendrillon des politiques énergétiques
• Malgré bénéfices multiples, EE souvent pas prioritaire
• Commence à changer, réel intérêt pour l’efficacité énergétique (AIE, G20, UE, FR, etc.)
➜Réalités économiques, environnementales, sociales ;
➜Lobbying plus sophistiqué : coalitions ; nouveau “récit”...
Coalition for Energy Savings (Bruxelles)
Energy Bill Revolution Campaign (UK)
Nouveau “récit”
• EE : investissement, pas une dépense.
• Bâtiment = infrastructure.
Chaque £ investie par le Gouvernement Britannique dans un programme de rénovation de bâtiments crée :
•3,20£ de PIB
•1,27£ d’impôts
2. Politiques européennes d’efficacité énergétique
Climat-énergie : 2020 vs 2030
Source: European Commission
Objectif EE : peut mieux faire…
Source: European commission
Quelles batailles EE en 2015-2016 ?
• Transposition + mise en œuvre des politiques européennes.
• Révision des directives Écoconception et Étiquetage énergétique.
• Gouvernance des objectifs climat-énergie 2030.• Union Energétique.
et encore…
• Refonte de l’EPBD• Révision des articles 3 & 7 de l’EED.• Décision sur le partage de l’effort 2021-2030 dans
les secteurs non-ETS.
Des instruments qui fonctionnent
• Directive Écoconception• Directive Étiquetage Énergétique
Source: www.coolproducts.eu à partir des données de la Commission Européenne
+• 22 mesures éco-conception ; 11
étiquettes-énergie.• Aujourd’hui : 216 €/an par
ménage Européen en économies.• En 2020 (?), jusqu’à :• 350 €/an économies par ménage ;• 56 Mtoe/an et 380TWh/an ;• 40% de l’objectif EE 2020.
Éco-conception et étiquetage énergétique en 2015
• Programme éco-conception 2015-2017 quels nouveux produits ?
• Refonte de la Directive Étiquetage Énergétique – retour à A-G ?
3. Quoi de neuf à Bruxelles ?
News from the Brussels bubble
• Nouvelle Commission
➜Déréglementation.
➜Transparence des rdv avec la Commission.
➜Plan d’investissement Juncker.
• Nouveau Parlement
➜Plus extrême ?
• Le Conseil
➜Changements des règles de vote
Conclusion
Conclusion
• Intérêt croissant pour l’EE.
• Pas en route pour atteindre les objectifs européens d’EE.
• Les instruments existent, il suffit d’une bonne mise en œuvre.
Delivering energy security and growth through energy efficiency
Luca Bergamaschi, E3G
December 2014
About E3G
December 2014 E3G 24
• E3G independent, non-profit organisation working to accelerate the transition to sustainable development
• Founded in 2004
• Offices in London, Brussels, Berlin and Washington DC
• Programmes in China, Columbia, Peru and South Africa
• Current Funding:
– 80% grant funding from foundations and governments
– 20% advisory work for foundations, governments, NGOs
Four core points
1. EU faces rising security, economic and climate risks. These are systemic and driven by territorial disputes, instability in the Middle East and North Africa, slow or zero recovery of the EU economy, rising of new economic competitive powers, and visible impact of climate-induced extreme weather events.
2. Managing risks require to implement strategies that maximises EU value. Currently they lack coherence and risk wasting public and private money on expensive but underutilised infrastructure project.
3. Energy efficiency is a game changer for lowering dependency on fuel imports, driving economic growth, and increase competitiveness of EU industry. However, too little has been achieved so far due to high political and financial barriers.
4. Capturing potential benefits requires on-going structural reforms. Deep reforms are needed on fiscal rules, public investment priorities, finance to support investment, new markets for EE goods and demand side services, institutions and governance to deal with risks and implement reforms. Agreeing strong efficiency target in 2030 package would be the beginning of this process.
December 2014 E3G 25
EU biggest importer of energy in the world
• Over half of Europe’s energy is imported, including 90% of oil, 66% of gas, and 62% of coal
• 26% of coal, 34% of crude oil and 32% gas come from Russia
• Energy dependency is growing. In 1990 it stood at 40% compared to 54% in 2013.
December 2014 E3G 26
Economic and social impact
• In 2011, import values equal 6.2% of EU GDP. In 2013, EU import bill was €543 billion.
• Huge financial flow leaves EU economy, which loses control of prices. In Germany, the price of heating oil tripled, natural gas has doubled, and electricity rose by 75%.
• In 2012, 56 million Europeans were in fuel poverty driven by high heating costs of inefficient buildings.
• Less leverage to invest today. Level of EU private and public investment today is one third of pre-crisis (2007) level
December 2014 E3G 27
Energy efficiency (EE) as first response
• An EU-wide building retrofit programme could cut gas use by an amount equal to 80% of Russian imports
• Ambitious energy efficiency refurbishment programmes could save up to €500 per year to each EU citizen by 2030
• An EU-wide industrial efficiency programme allows energy intensive and non-energy intensive industries to produce more using lowered energy inputs.
Cost effective technologies can reduce heat loss by 66%, cut energy bills by 75%, and save energy equivalent to 15% of 2011 Russian gas imports
December 2014 E3G 28
EE as first response
• These are “cost-effective” meaning that the costs of investment is offset by savings
Delivering the 20% EE target by 2020 would cut energy bills by an annual €200 billion, equivalent to financial savings of up to €1,000 per household every year
Savings during 2020-2030 are estimated to be between €1 and €2 trillion.
40% target would increase EU GDP by 4.5% in 2030 (€457 billion) and increase sectoral employment: construction (+20%), engineering (+4%) & manufacturing (+2%)
• BMUB/Frauhofer ISI indicates that development of EU demand side electricity markets could cut gas use in the power sector equivalent to 75% of Russian imports
December 2014 E3G 29
Are we on track?
• EU not on track. Projections indicate the 2020 target will be miss by 2-3%.
• 1/3 of energy savings due to economic crisis. Only 10-12% savings will be delivered through EE savings.
• New EE target is the weakest element of the 2030 package. Current approach mean only 10-12% final energy savings will be delivered by 2030
December 2014 E3G 30
The Politics of EE
• EE measures require high upfront capital costs, creating high financial and political barriers.
• There are fears that EE will weaken carbon price. Reality is that 2/3 of savings are in non-ETS sector so little impact if EE measures targeted on buildings and transport.
• EE benefits not yet fully understood or misunderstood and instrumentally used (UK vacuum cleaner)
• Current economic thinking one of the biggest barrier. Focus on short term costs and budget rules block investment in productive investment
• Affordability put at stake by ungrounded competitiveness fear from Big industry. Overcapacity and poor past investment plan are bigger obstacle than energy prices
December 2014 E3G 31
The Politics of 2030 framework
September 2014 E3G 32
CEE most inefficient economies and most exposure on gas security
E3G - Third Generation Environmentalism
33
Systemic approach to making best-value choices on infrastructure funding
December 2014 E3G 34
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
20102015
20202025
2030
Projected EU gas demand to 2030 (bcm)
Energy efficiency target met
European Commission reference scenario
PCI evaluation scenario
What needs to happen: two steps
1. Definitions matter. Review proposed EE 2030 target with aim of stress testing ambitions and baselines in order to deliver existing cost effective saving.
Current target leaves >50% of Europe’s cost effective energy saving potential untapped
2. New Commission should launch review of remaining market, economic, financial, institutional and governance barriers and proposed structural reforms to address them
December 2014 E3G 35
Market, Economic and Financial Reforms
December 2014 E3G 36
• Deliver a single market for building products and service standards through standardisation of certification.
• Raise ambition through product standards. Implement the next wave of the Ecodesign and Energy Labelling Directive
• Secure the benefit of demand side management through
developing functional demand side electricity markets
• Create sufficient scope of public investment: Relax Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance rule on debt and deficit restrictions to allow public spending on energy efficiency as a means of boosting growth
• Reprioritise public funds to where they deliver greatest value for money. Reallocate CEF from transport to energy and create conditionality on EE delivery
Thank you!
For more information visit www.e3g.org
Or drop me an email at
December 2014 E3G 37
A Presentation to the:
Ateliers du ShiftParis
11th December 2014
Adrian Joyce
Secretary General
Boosting Energy Efficiency in the EU
(Buildings)
The European Alliance of
Companies for
Energy Efficiency in Buildings
EuroACE
More than 300,000 More than 770
Photos sourced from Norwegian Turkish Chamber of Commerce and SPS Commerce
Scale of the Opportunity210 Million Buildings; Area of Occupied Space
Equivalent to Size of Belgium; 90% Still Used in 2050
Impact on Energy Use40% of EU Primary Energy Use
36% of Energy-Related CO2 Emissions
Technologies Exist TodayReduction of 80% in Energy Use is Possible With
Current Technologies and Processes
EU Buildings Sector
Share of Buildings in EU Energy Use
Highest Share
of Energy Use
=
Highest
Savings Potential
Energy Efficiency DirectiveAdopted 2012; Transposition to national level slow;
Renovation of buildings: Articles 4 and 5;
Energy Performance DirectiveAdopted 2010; New Build; nZEB; Certificates;
7 Member States in Court for non-implementation
HoweverAdopted EU Energy Efficiency Policy Currently Falls
Short of Adopted 2020 Targets
EU Regulatory Framework
EED: Renovation Roadmaps
EPBD: Value of EPCs
Huge Untapped Potential
Two-thirds of the
economic potential to
improve energy
efficiency
remains untapped in
the period to 2035
unless policy activity
increases
The Fraunhofer ISI Report on 2030
Sectoral Cost-Effective Contributions = 40% Savings in Overall Demand
61%
38% 41%
26%
40%
Increased Greenhouse Gas
Emission Reductions
Range 49% to 61%
Increased Share of Renewables
Range 35% to 48%
Impact of 40% Target in 2030
Benefits of Renovation for the EU
New Direct Local Jobs: 2 millionLocal, Permanent Jobs in Construction;
This Leads to over 6 million Total New Jobs
Public Finances: €39bn per yearBoost to Public Finances in 2020
Rising to €78bn per year by 2030
Boost to EU GDP: 0.7% per yearEstimate Increase in Construction Output is in the
Range €670 to €830bn per year (from 2020)
Energy Imports to the EU
Example:Gas Dependence of the EU
European Energy Dependence Day
Energy Dependence is GrowingBased on Statistics from Eurostat of the overall dependence of the EU on energy imports
Annual Cost of Energy Imports
€421 billion per year
=
€1.15 billion per day!
Impact on Member States Balance of Trade
European Energy Dependence Day Pushed Back!
Imagine: Capture These Savings in 2014
€335 billion in
reduced expenditure
compared to 2011
Financing Energy Efficiency Measures
Interim Report April 2014Energy Efficiency – The First Fuel for the EU
Economy
Strong Regulatory StabilityBuilds Confidence – Better More Complete
Implementation and Enforcement
Political Priority – Deep Renovation
Reduced Energy Imports
Millions of Jobs
Billions in Financial ReturnsWe are in this together!
National Implementation WorkshopsNine countries already – 2 per year; In 2015 hope to visit
Italy and Poland
Regulatory WorkRevise EPBD; Introduce mandatory renovation
requirements; Collect data on implementation
Renovate Europe CampaignPolitical communications; Reduce energy demand by
80% by 2050; Supporters in EU Parliament: 79
EuroACE Key Actions
EuroACERond Point Schuman, 6 - 8th floorB-1040 Brussels
Tel: +32 (0) 2 639 10 10Email: [email protected]
www.euroace.orgwww.renovate-europe.eu
56
Thank You for Your Attention!
Partie 2 : Financer l’efficacité énergétique des bâtiments en Europe
Antongiulio MarinPolicy Officer, DG Climate Action, European Commission
Michel LepetitVice-Président / Pilote du projet SFTE
The Shift Project
Matthieu Auzanneau (modérateur)Chargé des affaires publiques et de la prospectiveThe Shift Project
Private Financing for Energy EfficiencyFinancial instrument
PF4EE
Antongiulio MarinDG CLIMA – Policy officer
PF4EE: Objectives
1. To make energy efficiency lending a more sustainable activity across European financial institutions (FIs);
2. To encourage private commercial banks and other financial intermediaries to address the energy efficiency sector as a distinct market segment;
3. To increase lending for energy efficiency in response to priorities identified by Member States’ National Energy Efficiency Action Plans.
PF4EE: Structure
PF4EE on webpages :http://ec.europa.eu/clima/news/articles/news_2014120901_en.htm
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/budget/life/instruments/index_en.htmhttp://www.eib.org/products/pf4ee/index.htm
