Esperanza Huerta Lwanga - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 4. 20. · Esperanza Huerta...

GLOBAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOIL BIODIVERSITY | 2-5 February 2021

Esperanza Huerta Lwanga

Wageningen University & Research

Earthworms and microbial diversity under conventional and organic farms. Interaction with actual and inherited pesticidesEsperanza Huerta Lwanga1, 2, Nicolas Beirot1,3, Zhaoqi Bin1, Raúl Zornoza3, Flavia Pinzari, Luigi Orru, Margarita Ros3, Onurcan özbolat3, Eva Lloret Sevilla3, Raúl Ortega4, Isabel Miralles4, Michel Riksen1, Henny Gertsen1, Piet Peters1, Coen Ritsema1, Violette Geissen1

1[Wageningen University & Research, esperanza.huertalwanga@wur.nl]2[El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, ehuerta@ecosur.mx]3[Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena, raul.zornoza@upct.es]4[University of Almeria, www.ual.es/en

Earthworms...

• Earthworms as indicators of soil quality (Bartz et al. 2013)

• promoters of several soil ecosystem services, (Blouin et al. 2013)

• impeccably reflect what occurs aboveground

Brown et al 2000

Soil microorganisms

• responsible of different biogeochemical process

• interact as the earthworms with the actual and inherited soil conditions

• Among them pesticides

Diverfarming & aim

• H2020 project

• enhances soil quality through plant diversification and rotation.

• Aim at assessing earthworms and soil microbial diversity

• as soil pesticide residues

• in long term diverfarming farms

Material and methods

• Sampling area Groningen, the Netherlands

• April 2018 before agrochemicals application

Material and methodsMangement Farm Crop type

conventional F1-C potatoes

conventional F2+M-C potatoes

conventional F2+NM-C potatoes

organic F3+10-O potatoes

organic F3+20-O potatoes

conventional F4-C potatoes

conventional F5-C potatoes

organic F6-C fodder

conventional F7-C potatoes

conventional F8-C potatoes

conventional F9-C potatoes

conventional F10-C potatoes

conventional F11-C potatoes

conventional F12-C fodder

O

12 farms

5 samples per farm for microorganisms

analysis

3 samples per farm for pesticides

analysis

• Soil physicochemical characteristics, earthworms and soil microorganisms, quantified and identified by Diverfarminghandbook

• Pesticides determination by LC-MS/MS (Anastassiades et al. 2003, Mol et al. 2008 and Yang, 2016)

Results

• Organic farms had significantly the highest earthworm’s diversity

eart

hw

orm

sd

ensi

ty(i

nd

.m2

)

conventionalconventional

organic

Results

• Organic farms had the highest content of beneficial microorganisms

Good practices

Contamination

Nitrogen fixation

Organic matter decomposition

Ubiquituos

Results• Seventeen pesticides residues

• DDT, Prosulfocarb and AMPA (first metabolite of glyphosate) present in all farms

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

0.140

0.160

0.180

T1 T1 T1 T2 T2 T3 T3 T3 T4 T4 T4 T5 T5 T5 T6 T6

Den

sity

(in

d.m

2)

Pes

tici

de

(ug/

g)

Treatment

Pesticide content and earthworms AMPA

Glyphosate

DDT-p,p'-

DDD-p,p'-(TDE)

DDE-p,p'-

tebuconazole

Bixafen

Penidmethalin

Prosulfocarb

Boscalid

Fluopicolide

Azoxystrobin

Metamitron

Chloridazon

Linuron

earthworms density (ind.m2)

Results

5678910111213

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18

Total pesticides concentration (mg/kg-¹)

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Rela

tive

abundance

%

5.Acidobacteria, 6.Actinobacteria, 7.Bacteroidetes, 8. Chloroflexi, 9.Cyanobacteria, 10. Firmicutes11.Gemmatimonadetes, 12. Planctomycetes, 13. Proteobacteria

Discussion

• Earthworms and microorganisms diversity are clearly influenced by actual and inherited pesticides.

• when stress factors are present, their biomass, abundance and diversity may decrease (Kammengaet al. 2001)

Discussion

Lehman et al. 2015

Thank you for your attention