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SMOOTHING AN INTERMITTENT GENERATION:
INTEREST OF GENERATION FORECAST AND
STORAGE GLOBAL MANAGEMENT
PRÉVISION DES ÉNERGIES RENOUVELABLES ET
GARANTIE ACTIVE PAR LE STOCKAGE D’ÉNERGIE
Office franco-allemand pour les énergies
renouvelables (OFAEnR)
28/01/16
PEGASE PROJECT
3OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
EDF – Systèmes Energétiques Insulaires
EDF – Recherche & Développement
Ecole Polytechnique – Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique
Météo France
PROJECT PARTNERS
4OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
Study area: La Réunion Island
Planning
Budget
~ 5 M€ comprising ADEME funding
PROJECT PROGRESS & BUDGET
2009
NaS batterycommissioning
2011
Beginning of PEGASE project
2016
End of PEGASE project
Battery buildingInverter building
La Réunion
5OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
The power system in La Réunion, a Non Interconnected Territory (ZNI)
In 2014, Renewable Energies (RE), mainly hydraulic, generated 1/3 of the
electricity
Will of promoting RE
CONTEXT: GENERATION MIX
Mix associated to electricity generation
La Réunion island – 2014
Fuel
Coal
Hydraulic
PV
Biomass
Wind
Biogas
6OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
Among the RE → PV and wind
BUT, especially because of the intermittency hardly predictable and the lack
of inertia of these energies
CONTEXT: INTERMITTENT GENERATION
To maintain the safety of the power system, permanent
limitation of the intermittent RE threshold to 30%
[23/04/2008 ministerial ruling]
7OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
Intermittent RE installed at the end of 2014 in La Réunion island
PV : 163 MW
Wind : 15 MW
Disconnection of intermittent RE farms in La Réunion in 2014
Limitation of new projects’ launch
CONTEXT: INTERMITTENT GENERATION
8OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PEGASE PROJECT OBJECTIVES (1/2)
Promote the development of intermittent RE, PV and wind, while
maintaining the power system safety
Combine, in La Réunion island, a battery type storage system
and RE PV and wind farms
Smooth the power injected into the grid to limit the effects of
intermittency
pu
issan
ce
temps
9OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PEGASE PROJECT OBJECTIVES (2/2)
Setting up of an
information system
Development of
generation forecasting
methods
Development of
optimized Energy
Management Systems
Existing systems
RE farmsStorage
system
Generation
forecast
Energy
Management
System
Power profile
specifications
Time
Po
wer
Information system
GridPEGASE chain
COMBINING BATTERY / PV FARM
PEGASE CHAIN ELEMENTS
11OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PEGASE CHAIN
12OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
Examples of battery technologies
STORAGE SYSTEM: BATTERY
Li-ion Li-metal-polymer Lead-acid Sodium – sulfur
Specific features for each technology, especially concerning:
Available power
Lifetime
Efficiency
Installation requirements
Cost
13OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
Sodium – sulfur type battery (NaS)
« Hot » battery → operation between 300 °C and 350 °C
Technical features
Power: 1 MW
Capacity: 7,2 MWh
Lifetime: 4500 cycles
Examples of battery technologies
STORAGE SYSTEM: BATTERY
Li-ion Li-metal-polymer Lead-acid Sodium – sulfur
14OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
STORAGE SYSTEM: BATTERY
Installation of a NaS battery in La Réunion island in 2009
Connection to the HTA 15 kV network at Saint-André 63 kV/15 kV substation
Electric diagram of La Réunion island
Installation of the NaS battery
Inverter building Batterybuilding
15OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PEGASE CHAIN
16OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
RE FARMS
Use of generation data from 3 RE farms
PV farm of La Roseraye
• Peak power: 10 MW
• Operator: EDF – Energies Nouvelles
PV farm of La Star
• Peak power: 2 MW
• Operator: Albioma
Wind farm of La Perrière
• Peak power: 11 MW
• Operator: Quadran
Localisation fermes EnR
17OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PEGASE CHAIN
18OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
POWER PROFILE SPECIFICATIONS: FROM ERC
2011 CALL TENDER
« Trapezoidal shape » profile
Ramp-up phase: the injected power needs to increase or remain stable (1)
Constant power phase: power level ≤ 40% Ppeak (2)
Ramp-down phase: the injected power needs to decrease or remain stable (3)
Mandatory notifications
1h before the end of the ramp-up phase
1h before the beginning of the ramp-down phase
Fine if:
Ramping rates out of the limits:
• 0% Ppeak ≤ |rate| ≤ 0,6% Ppeak
• Difference > 2,5% Ppeak during the constant power phase
• The hour when the constraints are not respected is not paid
Profile example
Puis
sance
Temps
1
2
3
Time
Po
wer
19OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PEGASE CHAIN
20OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
Collection and analysis of 2 years of meteorological data
GENERATION FORECAST: DEVELOPMENT OF
OPERATIONAL TOOLS TO FORECAST PV GENERATION
21OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
GENERATION FORECAST: DEVELOPMENT OF
OPERATIONAL TOOLS TO FORECAST PV GENERATION
Development of methods adapted to every time horizon
AROME model adapted for La Réunion during the project
Meteorological model
Climatology
Satellite
Statistical
methods
Imager
Persistence
22OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
GENERATION FORECAST: DEVELOPMENT OF
OPERATIONAL TOOLS TO FORECAST PV GENERATION
Specific work carried out on satellite images
Clouds spread over
the PV farms
Clouds remain on the
mountains
Clouds impact the
whole island
23OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
GENERATION FORECAST: DEVELOPMENT OF
OPERATIONAL TOOLS TO FORECAST PV GENERATION
Optimization of the use of the different methods depending on the time
horizon → operational tools
24OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PEGASE CHAIN
25OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
INFORMATION SYSTEM
2 options:
- Real time management
- A posteriori association →
« replay » mode
26OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PEGASE CHAIN
27OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Day-to-day
managementIntraday
managementRégulateur
DtoD
forecastIntraday
forecast
Battery
optimized set
points
Objective:
Manage the generation
variability
Objective :
Decrease the impact
of unpredictability
Battery SOC Battery SOC
Set points
Storage RE
inverters
OPTIMIZATION REGULATION
Regulation
28OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PEGASE CHAIN: CONCLUSION
Presentation of the involved systems
Setting up of a dedicated information system
Real-time management
Possibility of a posteriori association → « replay »
Aim of the EMS developed during the project
Operator point of view → maximize the financial profit
Possibility of modifying several parameters
• Power profile specifications
• Technical features of the battery
00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 000
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4Production
Temps [h] (04/04/2015)
Pui
ssan
ce [
MW
]
Opt
IJ
Consigne Pposte
Contraintes
COMBINING BATTERY / PV FARM
RESULTS: EXAMPLE
30OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »
Technical features of the involved systems → adapt the systems to be representative of a real
application
PV farm of « La Roseraye » (Ppeak = 10 MW)
• Input generation used in the chain
→ Real-time generation / 4
→ « Little » Roseraye (Ppeak = 2,5 MW)
• Possibility of curtailing (artificially) the generation
NaS battery
• Exploitable SOC range → from 15% to 50%, for a totale available energy of 2,5 MWh
• Authorized power → 1 MW in discharge and 1,2 MW in charge
a
Sizing of the storage for the example
1 Wh/Wp in terms of energy
0,4 W/Wp in terms of power
31OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PV generation
PV generation « after inverter »
Battery power
PV + battery generation
Battery SOC
Pow
er
(MW
)B
atte
ryS
OC
(%)
Time
Example of an « intermittent » day, 7/04/2015
aaa
06:40 : beginning of PV generation
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »a
32OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PV generation
PV generation « after inverter »
Battery power
PV + battery generation
Battery SOC
Pow
er
(MW
)B
atte
ryS
OC
(%)
Time
Example of an « intermittent » day, 7/04/2015
aaa
07:02 : power is injected into the grid
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »a
33OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PV generation
PV generation « after inverter »
Battery power
PV + battery generation
Battery SOC
Pow
er
(MW
)B
atte
ryS
OC
(%)
Time
Example of an « intermittent » day, 7/04/2015
aaa
07:22 : the battery is used to maintain a positive rate during the
ramp-up phase
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »a
34OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PV generation
PV generation « after inverter »
Battery power
PV + battery generation
Battery SOC
Pow
er
(MW
)B
atte
ryS
OC
(%)
Time
Example of an « intermittent » day, 7/04/2015
aaa
08:30 : the power of the constant phase is reached
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »a
35OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PV generation
PV generation « after inverter »
Battery power
PV + battery generation
Battery SOC
Pow
er
(MW
)B
atte
ryS
OC
(%)
Time
Example of an « intermittent » day, 7/04/2015
aaa
11:10 : very strong decrease of PV generation → the battery is
used to maintain the power
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »a
36OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PV generation
PV generation « after inverter »
Battery power
PV + battery generation
Battery SOC
Pow
er
(MW
)B
atte
ryS
OC
(%)
Time
Example of an « intermittent » day, 7/04/2015
aaa
14:00 : beginning of the ramp-down phase
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »a
37OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PV generation
PV generation « after inverter »
Battery power
PV + battery generation
Battery SOC
Pow
er
(MW
)B
atte
ryS
OC
(%)
Time
Example of an « intermittent » day, 7/04/2015
aaa
15:00 : power stabilization to take advantage of the sun in the
afternoon
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »a
38OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PV generation
PV generation « after inverter »
Battery power
PV + battery generation
Battery SOC
Pow
er
(MW
)B
atte
ryS
OC
(%)
Time
Example of an « intermittent » day, 7/04/2015
aaa
18:16 : the battery reaches the SOC target of ~25%
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »a
39OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
Example of an « intermittent » day, 7/04/2015
aaa
Power of the constant phase (MW) 1
Number of full equivalent battery cycles carried out 0,53
Efficiency (%) 95
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »a
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑑 + ∆ 𝑆𝑂𝐶 ∗ 7,2
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
40OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
Association carried out over 90 days
→ efficiency close to 90%
Demonstration of the possibility to inject into the grid a smoothed
generation from an intermittent generation by associating a storage
system and a RE farm
Development of efficient EMS
→ creation of the EDF Store & Forecast company
aaa
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »a
41OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
Assessment of the parameter « generation forecasting method »
aN S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »:
« EMULATED » N S/PV FARM OF LA ROSERAYE
aa
Reference method
PV farm of « little »
Roseraye
ERC 2011 CALL
FOR TENDER
Emulated NaS battery
PVSCOPE
PVSCOPE with
confidence intervals
PV EMS
Also possible to take
into account
confidence intervals
42OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
Assessment of the parameter « generation forecasting method »
Example for a clear day – 03/02/15
aaa
Reference method
PVSCOPE
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »:
« EMULATED » N S/PV FARM OF LA ROSERAYE
aa
43OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
Assessment of the parameter « generation forecasting method »
Example for a clear day – 03/02/15
aaa
PVSCOPE
PVSCOPE with confidence
intervals
Indicators Reference methodPVSCOPE without
confidence intervals
PVSCOPE with
confidence intervals
Power of the constant phase(MW) 1 1 0,95
Efficiency (%) 80 80 72
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »:
« EMULATED » N S/PV FARM OF LA ROSERAYE
aa
44OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
Assessment of the parameter « generation forecast method »
Example for a clear day – 03/02/15
aaa
More conservative strategy when using confidence intervals
aaa
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »:
« EMULATED » N S/PV FARM OF LA ROSERAYE
aa
Reference method
PVSCOPEPVSCOPE with
confidence intervalsPV generation
Pow
er
(MW
)
Time
45OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
Assessment of the parameter « generation forecasting method »
Example for an intermittent day – 04/02/15
a
Reference method
PVSCOPE
aaa
aaa
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »:
« EMULATED » N S/PV FARM OF LA ROSERAYE
aa
46OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
Assessment of the parameter « generation forecast method »
Example for an intermittent day – 04/02/15
a
PVSCOPE
PVSCOPE with confidence
intervals
Indicators Reference methodPVSCOPE without
confidence intervals
PVSCOPE with
confidence intervals
Power of the constant phase (MW) 1 1 0,35
Efficiency (%) 65 65 96
aaa
aaa
N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »:
« EMULATED » N S/PV FARM OF LA ROSERAYE
aa
CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES
48OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
aCONCLUSION
Development of efficient EMS to manage wind & PV farms + storage
→ creation of EDF Store & Forecast which commercializes the tools from the PEGASE
project
Development of operational tools to forecast PV generation
→ Great interest of using confidence intervals (which can be used by the different
methods developed)
49OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PERSPECTIVES
« replay » mode : many studies possible
Customizable EMS
Can help developing tools without using real systems
Assessment of many parameters
• SOC management
Generation forecast
Possible to study other profiles
« Modification » of the storage system → by modifying the
power/energy ratio
NaS : 1 MW/7 MWh Li-ion : 1 MW/0,5 MWhZEBRA : 1 MW/3 MWh
50OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PERSPECTIVES
Even with a significant size for the storage system → hard to
completely protect the power system from the intermittency effects
Even if the costs are decreasing, storage is still expensive
Global management of storage
Total power (MW) 5 MW50 MW (around 10
PV farms)
Sizing (Wh/Wp) 0,9 0,45
Efficiency (%) 85% 85%
51OFAEnR | 28/01/2016
PERSPECTIVES
Other uses for storage ?
→ Frequency regulation
THANK TO
PARTNERS
ADEME
OPERATORS – ALBIOMA, QUADRAN, EDF – EN
THE PEOPLE WHO WORKED ON THAT PROJECT
YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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