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Varieties and Synonyms
1. Blaufränkisch Limberger, Lemberger, Kékfrankos, Frankonia, Frankovka, Franconia
2. Cabernet franc Acheria, Bouchet, Trouchet noir, Cabernet, Kaberne frank, Cabernet bresciano, Cabernet franco, Gros Cabernet
3. Cabernet - Sauvignon Bidure, Petite Vidure, Bordeaux, Burdeos tinto, Kaberne-Sovinjon, Petit Cabernet
4. Chardonnay Morillon, Pinot Chardonnay, Gentil blanc, Pinot blanc Chardonnay
5. FurmintNemes Furmint, Kyraly Furmint, Fourminte, Tokaisky, Moslavac, Sipon, Zapner, Gelber Moster, Luttenberger, Weißlaber, Mosler
6. Gamay Bourguignon noir, Petit Bourguignon, Gamay noir, Gamay Beaujolais, Blauer Gamet, Game
7. Gelber Muskateller Muscat blanc à petitis grains, Moscato bianco, Tamaioasa Romaneasa, Rumanische Weihrauchtraube, Tamianka
8. GrenacheAbundante, Alicante, Tinto de Navalcarnero, Tocai rosso, Cannonao, Cannonau, Grenach Crni, Grenacha tinta, Garnacha tinta, Garnatxa negra, Gironet, Lladoner, Granaccia, Guarnaccia
9. Grüner Veltliner Weißgipfler, Green Veltliner, Zeleni Vetlinec, Veltlínské Zelené, Veltliner
10. Kadarka Cadarca, Cadarca neagra, Nemes Kadarka, Fekete budai, Gâmza, Schwarzer Kadarka
11. Merlot Merlot noir, Sémillon rouge, Merlo, Petit Merle, Bigney rouge, Plant Medoc
12. Müller Thurgau Rivaner, Rizvanac Bijeli, Rizvanec
13. Nebbiolo Chiavennasca, Spanna, Lampia, Prugnet
14. Palomino Listao, Palmino fino, Alban, Listán blanco, Merseguera, Palamino, Malvasia Rei
15. Pinot blanc Blanc de Champagne, Pinot bianco, Beli Pinot, Feherburgundi, Weissburgunder, Pinot blanco, Rulandské Bílé, Klevner
16. Pinot gris Tokay d´Alsace, Pinot gris d’Alsace, Malvoisie, Pinot grigio, Szürkebarat, Ruländer, Rülander, Grauer Burgunder, Grau Burgunder, Pinot cendré, Sivi Pinot, Rulandské šedé
17. Pinot noir Blauer Burgunder, Blauer Spätburgunder, Pinot nero, Burgundac Crni, Kisburgundi Kék, Pinot tinto
18. Rheinriesling Petracine, Riesling renano, Rajnai Rizling, White Riesling, Weißer Riesling, Riesling, Klingelberger, Riesling de Rhin
19. Sangiovese Sangioveto, Niellucciu, Nielluccio
20. Sauvignon blanc Blanc Fumé, Fumé, Sauvignon jaune, Muskat Sylvaner, Sauvignon petit
21. Syrah Shiraz, Neretto di Saluzzo, Serine, Syrac, Petite Syrah
22. Tempranillo Aragonez, Tinta Santiago, Verdiell,
23. Traminer Termeno Aromatico, Gentil Rose Aromatique, Fermentin Rouge, Traminer aromatico
24. Welschriesling Rizling laski, Olasz riesling, Riesling Italico
25. Zweigelt Blaue Zweigeltrebe, Rotburger
BlaufränkischSynonyms: Limberger, Lemberger, Kékfrankos, Frankonia, Frankovka, Franconia
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf large, three lobes, slightly lobed, V-shaped bend of stalk
grape cluster large, shouldered, tapering-off slim, loose
berry thick skin, dark blue
ripening time late
site high; warm and sheltered from the wind
soil medium heavy to heavy soils, higher lime content possible
diseases
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
sensitive during flowering
Cabernet FrancSynonyms: Acheria, Bouchet, Trouchet Noir, Cabernet, Kaberne Frank, Cabernet bresciano, Cabernet franco, Gros Cabernet
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf broad, five-lobed, very deep sinuses with tooth
grape cluster medium sized, cylindrical to conical, loose with long stem
berry small, round, thick skin
ripening time very late
site suitable only for very good sites, no frost sites
soil minor; medium heavy soils
diseases susceptible to grape powdery mildew, resistant to botrytis bunch rot
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
well resistant to drought
Cabernet SauvignonSynonyms: Bidure, Petite Vidure, Bordeaux, Burdeos Tinto, Kaberne Sovinjon, Petit Cabernet
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf circle-like shape, 5- to 11-lobed, deeply grooved, base of sinuses extended
grape cluster medium sized, conical cluster with twig, long stem, rather loose
berry small, deep dark blue, tough skin
ripening time very late
site suitable only for best sites, no frost sites
soil minor, medium heavy soils
diseases susceptible to grape powdery mildew, resistant to botrytis bunch rot
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
well resistant to drought, sensitive during blooming
ChardonnaySynonyms: Morillon, Pinot Chardonnay, Gentil blanc, Pinot blanc Chardonnay
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf medium sized, pentagonal, hardly grooved, U-shaped bend of stalk, with naked veins
grape clustermedium sized, conical cluster with twig, long stem, more loose than Pinot blanc
berry medium late
ripening time early
site very demanding
soilmedium heavy soils with sufficient water storage capacity and higher lime content
diseases susceptible to grape powdery mildew
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
sensitive during flowering
FurmintSynonyms: Nemes Furmint, Kyraly Furmint, Fourminte, Tokaisky, Moslavac, Sipon, Zapner, Gelber Moster, Luttenberger, Weißlaber, Mosler
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf large, 3-lobed, slightly grooved, pointed dentation
grape cluster very large, longish, loose
berry thick skin
ripening time late
site very demanding
soil warm, dry, medium heavy soils, rich in lime
diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
GamaySynonyms: Bourguignon noir, Petit Bourguignon, Gamay noir, Gamay Beaujolais, Blauer Gamet, Game
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf medium, 3-lobed, slightly grooved, smooth, thin, serrated teeth
grape cluster medium sized, cylindrical, compact
berry dark blue, strong bloom
ripening time late
site suitable only for best sites, no frost sites
soil minor, medium heavy soils
diseases
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
sensitive to spring frosts due to early bud burst
Gelber MuskatellerSynonyms: Muscat blanc à petit grains, Moscato bianco, Tamaioasa Romaneasa, Rumanische Weihrauchtraube,Tamianka
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf 5-lobed, deeply grooved, pointed dentation
grape cluster large, loose to tight berries, longish
berry hard skin, yellow berries
ripening time late
site very demanding, warm, well aerated
soil low, light to medium soils
diseases susceptible to grape powdery mildew
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
sensitive during blooming
GrenacheSynonyms: Abundante, Alicante, Tinto de Navalcarnero, Tocai rosso, Cannonao, Cannonau, Grenach Crni, Grenacha tinta, Garnacha tinta, Garnatxa negra, Gironet, Lladoner, Granaccia, Guarnaccia
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leafmedium sized, 5-lobed, hardly grooved, wedge shaped, pale green, glossy
grape cluster medium to large, shouldered, compact
berry round to slightly oval, thick skin
ripening time very late
site high
soil prefers barren, dry gravel soil
diseases susceptible to downy mildew and botrytis bunch rot
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
sensitive during blooming, resistant to drought and wind
Grüner VeltlinerSynonyms: Weißgipfler, Green Veltliner, Zeleni Vetlinec, Veltlínské Zelené, Veltliner
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf medium sized, 5-lobed, deeply grooved
grape cluster very large, tight berries, conical, shouldered
berry large
ripening time mid-season
site early to medium sites
soil medium heavy, not too dry, loess soils are very suitable
diseases susceptible to downy mildew
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
sensitive to chlorosis and drought
KadarkaSynonyms: Cadarca, Cadarca Neagra, Nemes Kadarka, Fekete budai, Gâmza, Schwarzer Kadarka
a) External characteristics:
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf large, 3- to 5-lobed, slightly grooved
grape cluster large, cylindrical, shouldered, compact
berry medium, round, very thin skin, blue
ripening time late
site good sites
soil prefers sandy or skeletal soils, higher lime tolerance
diseases
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
well resistant to drought, sensitive to winter frost
MerlotSynonyms: Merlot noir, Sémillon rouge, Merlo, Petit Merle, Bigney rouge, Plant Medoc
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf medium, wedge shaped, 5-lobed, club-like grooved, sometimes with tooth
grape cluster medium sized, shouldered, conical cluster, loose
berry medium, slightly oval
ripening time mid-season
site low, but not very resistant to winter frosts and late frosts
soil minor, not for dry sites
diseases susceptible to downy mildew
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
sensitive to drought and during blooming, poor winter hardiness
Müller ThurgauSynonyms: Rivaner, Rizvanac Bijeli, Rizvanec
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leafmedium to large sized, 5-lobed with twisted centre lobe, deeply grooved, pointed dentation
grape cluster large, loose berries
berry oval, hard skin, muscaty taste
ripening time early
site low
soil deep soils with good water supply, medium heavy to heavy soils
diseases susceptible to downy mildew and grape powdery mildew
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
sensitive to winter frost, berries fall off easily when over-ripe
NebbioloSynonyms: Chiavennasca, Spanna, Lampia, Prugnet
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf medium, wedge shaped,3- to 5-lobed, open bend of stalk
grape cluster large, shouldered, long and slim
berry medium, round, thin skin, dark violet, intense bloom
ripening time very late
site very high, needs south-facing sites
soil
diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
sensitive during blooming
PalominoSynonyms: Listao, Palomino fino, Alban, Listán blanco, Merseguera, Palamino, Malvasia Rei
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaflarge, 5-lobed, deeply grooved, smooth upper (top) side, irregularly dented leaf edge
grape cluster large, conical, shouldered, loose berries
berry medium, golden yellow
ripening time late
site high, sun exposed sites
soil dry soils are also suitable
diseases susceptible to grape powdery mildew
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
highly susceptible to frost
Pinot blancSynonyms: Blanc de Champagne, Pinot bianco, Beli Pinot, Feherburgundi, Weissburgunder, Pinot blanco, Rulandské Bílé, Klevner
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf medium sized, 3-lobed, hardly grooved, pentagonal
grape cluster medium sized, tight berries
berry small berries with thin skin
ripening time medium early
site very demanding
soil medium heavy soils with sufficient water storage capacity and higher lime content
diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
sensitive to chlorosis
Pinot grisSynonyms: Tokay d´Alsace, Malvoisie, Pinot grigio, Sivi Pinot, Szürkebarat, Ruländer, Rülander, Grauer Burgunder, Grau Burgunder, Pinot cendré, Rulandské šedé
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf small, robust, 3-lobed, hardly grooved
grape cluster small, cylindrical, tight berries
berry grey-red coloured
ripening time medium early
site high
soil warm, deep, medium heavy soils, with good nutrient supply
diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot
Others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
proned to chlorosis
Pinot noirSynonyms: Blauer Burgunder, Blauer Spätburgunder, Pinot nero, Burgundac Crni, Kisburgundi Kék, Pinot tinto
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf 3-lobed, hardly grooved, delicate dentation, pentagonal
grape cluster medium sized, cylindrical, tight berries
berry small, round, thin skin, dark blue
ripening time early
site high, early to medium early sites
soil medium heavy, deep, warm soils with good water supply
diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
sensitive to chlorosis and late frosts
RheinrieslingSynonyms: Petracine, Riesling renano, Rajnai Rizling, White Riesling, Weißer Riesling, Riesling, Klingelberger, Riesling de Rhin
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf medium sized, 3-5-lobed, coarse upper (top) side, blunt dentation
grape cluster small, tight berries
berry medium-small, round, greenish-yellow, skin fairly thick
ripening time mid-season
site very demanding, needs best sites, higher humidity during ripening time
soil light to medium soils which warm up easily, ideal for primary rock soil
diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot and grape stem rot
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
susceptible to stem paralysis, resistant to frost and drought
SangioveseSynonyms: Sangioveto, Niellucciu, Nielluccio
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leafmedium sized, 3- to 5-lobed, dark green, smooth upper (top) side, pointed dentation
grape cluster medium sized, cylindrical, shouldered, compact
berry round, thick skin, dark blue
ripening time medium late
site good sites are necessary
soil prefers light soil, rich in lime
diseases
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
slightly proned to chlorosis
Sauvignon blancSynonyms: Blanc Fumé, Fumé, Sauvignon jaune, Muskat Sylvaner, Sauvignon petit
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf broad, 5-lobed, blunt dentation
grape cluster small, tight berries
berry thick skin
ripening time early-mid
site very demanding, warm, early sites
soil fertile, medium heavy soils, not too dry
diseases susceptible to downy mildew and grape powdery mildew
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
sensitive to frost
SyrahSynonyms: Shiraz, Neretto di Saluzzo, Serine, Syrac, Petite Syrah
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf medium sized, 5-lobed, blistering
grape cluster medium sized, shouldered, compact
berry oval, small to medium
ripening time late
site high
soil medium heavy soils with sufficient water storage capacity
diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
sensitive during blooming, sensitive to drought, chlorosis and wind
TempranilloSynonyms: Aragonez, Tinta Santiago, Verdiell
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf medium, 5-lobed, dark green, slightly glossy with blistering surface
grape cluster large, longish, often double-shouldered, loose berries
berry medium, round, with bloom, dark blue, thick skin
ripening time
Site
soil prefers deep soils, sandy or loam soils rich in lime
diseases
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
TraminerSynonyms: Termeno aromatico, Gentil rose aromatique, Fermentin Rouge, Traminer aromatico,
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf small, roundish, hardly grooved, blunt dentation
grape cluster small, shouldered, tight berries
berry small, thick-skinned, fleshy berries; colour of berry: red = Roter Traminer; pink = Gewürztraminer; yellowish = Gelber Muskateller
ripening time early-mid
site very demanding
soil high, needs deep soils which warm up easily, loess and loam very suitable
diseases
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
resistant to frost, sensitive during blooming, sensitive to chlorosis
WelschrieslingSynonyms: Rizling laski, Olasz riesling, Riesling Italico
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf 3-to 5-lobed, thin, smooth upper side, light green colour, sharp dentation
grape cluster medium sized, cylindrical cluster often with twig, tight berries
berry thin skin, juicy berries
ripening time mid-season
site very demanding, early, warm sites
soil warm soils with good water storage capacity and good magnesium supply
diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
sensitive to drought and magnesium deficiency
ZweigeltSynonyms: Blaue Zweigeltrebe, Rotburger
a) External characteristics
b) Requirements on soil and site
c) Sensitivity
leaf 3-to 5-lobed, hardly grooved, pentagonal, broad, robust upper (top) side
grape cluster large, conical, tight berries, often with twig
berry medium sized, thick skin
ripening time medium late
site medium to high
soil minor, medium heavy, deep soils rich in nutrients
diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot
others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness
good winter hardiness, susceptible to grape wilt
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