Varieties and Synonyms

1. Blaufränkisch Limberger, Lemberger, Kékfrankos, Frankonia, Frankovka, Franconia

2. Cabernet franc Acheria, Bouchet, Trouchet noir, Cabernet, Kaberne frank, Cabernet bresciano, Cabernet franco, Gros Cabernet

3. Cabernet - Sauvignon Bidure, Petite Vidure, Bordeaux, Burdeos tinto, Kaberne-Sovinjon, Petit Cabernet

4. Chardonnay Morillon, Pinot Chardonnay, Gentil blanc, Pinot blanc Chardonnay

5. FurmintNemes Furmint, Kyraly Furmint, Fourminte, Tokaisky, Moslavac, Sipon, Zapner, Gelber Moster, Luttenberger, Weißlaber, Mosler

6. Gamay Bourguignon noir, Petit Bourguignon, Gamay noir, Gamay Beaujolais, Blauer Gamet, Game

7. Gelber Muskateller Muscat blanc à petitis grains, Moscato bianco, Tamaioasa Romaneasa, Rumanische Weihrauchtraube, Tamianka

8. GrenacheAbundante, Alicante, Tinto de Navalcarnero, Tocai rosso, Cannonao, Cannonau, Grenach Crni, Grenacha tinta, Garnacha tinta, Garnatxa negra, Gironet, Lladoner, Granaccia, Guarnaccia

9. Grüner Veltliner Weißgipfler, Green Veltliner, Zeleni Vetlinec, Veltlínské Zelené, Veltliner

10. Kadarka Cadarca, Cadarca neagra, Nemes Kadarka, Fekete budai, Gâmza, Schwarzer Kadarka

11. Merlot Merlot noir, Sémillon rouge, Merlo, Petit Merle, Bigney rouge, Plant Medoc

12. Müller Thurgau Rivaner, Rizvanac Bijeli, Rizvanec

13. Nebbiolo Chiavennasca, Spanna, Lampia, Prugnet

14. Palomino Listao, Palmino fino, Alban, Listán blanco, Merseguera, Palamino, Malvasia Rei

15. Pinot blanc Blanc de Champagne, Pinot bianco, Beli Pinot, Feherburgundi, Weissburgunder, Pinot blanco, Rulandské Bílé, Klevner

16. Pinot gris Tokay d´Alsace, Pinot gris d’Alsace, Malvoisie, Pinot grigio, Szürkebarat, Ruländer, Rülander, Grauer Burgunder, Grau Burgunder, Pinot cendré, Sivi Pinot, Rulandské šedé

17. Pinot noir Blauer Burgunder, Blauer Spätburgunder, Pinot nero, Burgundac Crni, Kisburgundi Kék, Pinot tinto

18. Rheinriesling Petracine, Riesling renano, Rajnai Rizling, White Riesling, Weißer Riesling, Riesling, Klingelberger, Riesling de Rhin

19. Sangiovese Sangioveto, Niellucciu, Nielluccio

20. Sauvignon blanc Blanc Fumé, Fumé, Sauvignon jaune, Muskat Sylvaner, Sauvignon petit

21. Syrah Shiraz, Neretto di Saluzzo, Serine, Syrac, Petite Syrah

22. Tempranillo Aragonez, Tinta Santiago, Verdiell,

23. Traminer Termeno Aromatico, Gentil Rose Aromatique, Fermentin Rouge, Traminer aromatico

24. Welschriesling Rizling laski, Olasz riesling, Riesling Italico

25. Zweigelt Blaue Zweigeltrebe, Rotburger

BlaufränkischSynonyms: Limberger, Lemberger, Kékfrankos, Frankonia, Frankovka, Franconia

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf large, three lobes, slightly lobed, V-shaped bend of stalk

grape cluster large, shouldered, tapering-off slim, loose

berry thick skin, dark blue

ripening time late

site high; warm and sheltered from the wind

soil medium heavy to heavy soils, higher lime content possible

diseases

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

sensitive during flowering

Cabernet FrancSynonyms: Acheria, Bouchet, Trouchet Noir, Cabernet, Kaberne Frank, Cabernet bresciano, Cabernet franco, Gros Cabernet

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf broad, five-lobed, very deep sinuses with tooth

grape cluster medium sized, cylindrical to conical, loose with long stem

berry small, round, thick skin

ripening time very late

site suitable only for very good sites, no frost sites

soil minor; medium heavy soils

diseases susceptible to grape powdery mildew, resistant to botrytis bunch rot

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

well resistant to drought

Cabernet SauvignonSynonyms: Bidure, Petite Vidure, Bordeaux, Burdeos Tinto, Kaberne Sovinjon, Petit Cabernet

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf circle-like shape, 5- to 11-lobed, deeply grooved, base of sinuses extended

grape cluster medium sized, conical cluster with twig, long stem, rather loose

berry small, deep dark blue, tough skin

ripening time very late

site suitable only for best sites, no frost sites

soil minor, medium heavy soils

diseases susceptible to grape powdery mildew, resistant to botrytis bunch rot

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

well resistant to drought, sensitive during blooming

ChardonnaySynonyms: Morillon, Pinot Chardonnay, Gentil blanc, Pinot blanc Chardonnay

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf medium sized, pentagonal, hardly grooved, U-shaped bend of stalk, with naked veins

grape clustermedium sized, conical cluster with twig, long stem, more loose than Pinot blanc

berry medium late

ripening time early

site very demanding

soilmedium heavy soils with sufficient water storage capacity and higher lime content

diseases susceptible to grape powdery mildew

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

sensitive during flowering

FurmintSynonyms: Nemes Furmint, Kyraly Furmint, Fourminte, Tokaisky, Moslavac, Sipon, Zapner, Gelber Moster, Luttenberger, Weißlaber, Mosler

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf large, 3-lobed, slightly grooved, pointed dentation

grape cluster very large, longish, loose

berry thick skin

ripening time late

site very demanding

soil warm, dry, medium heavy soils, rich in lime

diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

GamaySynonyms: Bourguignon noir, Petit Bourguignon, Gamay noir, Gamay Beaujolais, Blauer Gamet, Game

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf medium, 3-lobed, slightly grooved, smooth, thin, serrated teeth

grape cluster medium sized, cylindrical, compact

berry dark blue, strong bloom

ripening time late

site suitable only for best sites, no frost sites

soil minor, medium heavy soils

diseases

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

sensitive to spring frosts due to early bud burst

Gelber MuskatellerSynonyms: Muscat blanc à petit grains, Moscato bianco, Tamaioasa Romaneasa, Rumanische Weihrauchtraube,Tamianka

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf 5-lobed, deeply grooved, pointed dentation

grape cluster large, loose to tight berries, longish

berry hard skin, yellow berries

ripening time late

site very demanding, warm, well aerated

soil low, light to medium soils

diseases susceptible to grape powdery mildew

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

sensitive during blooming

GrenacheSynonyms: Abundante, Alicante, Tinto de Navalcarnero, Tocai rosso, Cannonao, Cannonau, Grenach Crni, Grenacha tinta, Garnacha tinta, Garnatxa negra, Gironet, Lladoner, Granaccia, Guarnaccia

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leafmedium sized, 5-lobed, hardly grooved, wedge shaped, pale green, glossy

grape cluster medium to large, shouldered, compact

berry round to slightly oval, thick skin

ripening time very late

site high

soil prefers barren, dry gravel soil

diseases susceptible to downy mildew and botrytis bunch rot

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

sensitive during blooming, resistant to drought and wind

Grüner VeltlinerSynonyms: Weißgipfler, Green Veltliner, Zeleni Vetlinec, Veltlínské Zelené, Veltliner

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf medium sized, 5-lobed, deeply grooved

grape cluster very large, tight berries, conical, shouldered

berry large

ripening time mid-season

site early to medium sites

soil medium heavy, not too dry, loess soils are very suitable

diseases susceptible to downy mildew

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

sensitive to chlorosis and drought

KadarkaSynonyms: Cadarca, Cadarca Neagra, Nemes Kadarka, Fekete budai, Gâmza, Schwarzer Kadarka

a) External characteristics:

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf large, 3- to 5-lobed, slightly grooved

grape cluster large, cylindrical, shouldered, compact

berry medium, round, very thin skin, blue

ripening time late

site good sites

soil prefers sandy or skeletal soils, higher lime tolerance

diseases

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

well resistant to drought, sensitive to winter frost

MerlotSynonyms: Merlot noir, Sémillon rouge, Merlo, Petit Merle, Bigney rouge, Plant Medoc

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf medium, wedge shaped, 5-lobed, club-like grooved, sometimes with tooth

grape cluster medium sized, shouldered, conical cluster, loose

berry medium, slightly oval

ripening time mid-season

site low, but not very resistant to winter frosts and late frosts

soil minor, not for dry sites

diseases susceptible to downy mildew

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

sensitive to drought and during blooming, poor winter hardiness

Müller ThurgauSynonyms: Rivaner, Rizvanac Bijeli, Rizvanec

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leafmedium to large sized, 5-lobed with twisted centre lobe, deeply grooved, pointed dentation

grape cluster large, loose berries

berry oval, hard skin, muscaty taste

ripening time early

site low

soil deep soils with good water supply, medium heavy to heavy soils

diseases susceptible to downy mildew and grape powdery mildew

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

sensitive to winter frost, berries fall off easily when over-ripe

NebbioloSynonyms: Chiavennasca, Spanna, Lampia, Prugnet

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf medium, wedge shaped,3- to 5-lobed, open bend of stalk

grape cluster large, shouldered, long and slim

berry medium, round, thin skin, dark violet, intense bloom

ripening time very late

site very high, needs south-facing sites

soil

diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

sensitive during blooming

PalominoSynonyms: Listao, Palomino fino, Alban, Listán blanco, Merseguera, Palamino, Malvasia Rei

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaflarge, 5-lobed, deeply grooved, smooth upper (top) side, irregularly dented leaf edge

grape cluster large, conical, shouldered, loose berries

berry medium, golden yellow

ripening time late

site high, sun exposed sites

soil dry soils are also suitable

diseases susceptible to grape powdery mildew

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

highly susceptible to frost

Pinot blancSynonyms: Blanc de Champagne, Pinot bianco, Beli Pinot, Feherburgundi, Weissburgunder, Pinot blanco, Rulandské Bílé, Klevner

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf medium sized, 3-lobed, hardly grooved, pentagonal

grape cluster medium sized, tight berries

berry small berries with thin skin

ripening time medium early

site very demanding

soil medium heavy soils with sufficient water storage capacity and higher lime content

diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

sensitive to chlorosis

Pinot grisSynonyms: Tokay d´Alsace, Malvoisie, Pinot grigio, Sivi Pinot, Szürkebarat, Ruländer, Rülander, Grauer Burgunder, Grau Burgunder, Pinot cendré, Rulandské šedé

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf small, robust, 3-lobed, hardly grooved

grape cluster small, cylindrical, tight berries

berry grey-red coloured

ripening time medium early

site high

soil warm, deep, medium heavy soils, with good nutrient supply

diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot

Others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

proned to chlorosis

Pinot noirSynonyms: Blauer Burgunder, Blauer Spätburgunder, Pinot nero, Burgundac Crni, Kisburgundi Kék, Pinot tinto

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf 3-lobed, hardly grooved, delicate dentation, pentagonal

grape cluster medium sized, cylindrical, tight berries

berry small, round, thin skin, dark blue

ripening time early

site high, early to medium early sites

soil medium heavy, deep, warm soils with good water supply

diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

sensitive to chlorosis and late frosts

RheinrieslingSynonyms: Petracine, Riesling renano, Rajnai Rizling, White Riesling, Weißer Riesling, Riesling, Klingelberger, Riesling de Rhin

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf medium sized, 3-5-lobed, coarse upper (top) side, blunt dentation

grape cluster small, tight berries

berry medium-small, round, greenish-yellow, skin fairly thick

ripening time mid-season

site very demanding, needs best sites, higher humidity during ripening time

soil light to medium soils which warm up easily, ideal for primary rock soil

diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot and grape stem rot

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

susceptible to stem paralysis, resistant to frost and drought

SangioveseSynonyms: Sangioveto, Niellucciu, Nielluccio

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leafmedium sized, 3- to 5-lobed, dark green, smooth upper (top) side, pointed dentation

grape cluster medium sized, cylindrical, shouldered, compact

berry round, thick skin, dark blue

ripening time medium late

site good sites are necessary

soil prefers light soil, rich in lime

diseases

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

slightly proned to chlorosis

Sauvignon blancSynonyms: Blanc Fumé, Fumé, Sauvignon jaune, Muskat Sylvaner, Sauvignon petit

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf broad, 5-lobed, blunt dentation

grape cluster small, tight berries

berry thick skin

ripening time early-mid

site very demanding, warm, early sites

soil fertile, medium heavy soils, not too dry

diseases susceptible to downy mildew and grape powdery mildew

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

sensitive to frost

SyrahSynonyms: Shiraz, Neretto di Saluzzo, Serine, Syrac, Petite Syrah

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf medium sized, 5-lobed, blistering

grape cluster medium sized, shouldered, compact

berry oval, small to medium

ripening time late

site high

soil medium heavy soils with sufficient water storage capacity

diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

sensitive during blooming, sensitive to drought, chlorosis and wind

TempranilloSynonyms: Aragonez, Tinta Santiago, Verdiell

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf medium, 5-lobed, dark green, slightly glossy with blistering surface

grape cluster large, longish, often double-shouldered, loose berries

berry medium, round, with bloom, dark blue, thick skin

ripening time

Site

soil prefers deep soils, sandy or loam soils rich in lime

diseases

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

TraminerSynonyms: Termeno aromatico, Gentil rose aromatique, Fermentin Rouge, Traminer aromatico,

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf small, roundish, hardly grooved, blunt dentation

grape cluster small, shouldered, tight berries

berry small, thick-skinned, fleshy berries; colour of berry: red = Roter Traminer; pink = Gewürztraminer; yellowish = Gelber Muskateller

ripening time early-mid

site very demanding

soil high, needs deep soils which warm up easily, loess and loam very suitable

diseases

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

resistant to frost, sensitive during blooming, sensitive to chlorosis

WelschrieslingSynonyms: Rizling laski, Olasz riesling, Riesling Italico

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf 3-to 5-lobed, thin, smooth upper side, light green colour, sharp dentation

grape cluster medium sized, cylindrical cluster often with twig, tight berries

berry thin skin, juicy berries

ripening time mid-season

site very demanding, early, warm sites

soil warm soils with good water storage capacity and good magnesium supply

diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

sensitive to drought and magnesium deficiency

ZweigeltSynonyms: Blaue Zweigeltrebe, Rotburger

a) External characteristics

b) Requirements on soil and site

c) Sensitivity

leaf 3-to 5-lobed, hardly grooved, pentagonal, broad, robust upper (top) side

grape cluster large, conical, tight berries, often with twig

berry medium sized, thick skin

ripening time medium late

site medium to high

soil minor, medium heavy, deep soils rich in nutrients

diseases susceptible to botrytis bunch rot

others - e.g. proneness to chlorosis, winter hardiness

good winter hardiness, susceptible to grape wilt